2022年北京外国语大学611英语基础测试考研真题和答案

2022年北京外国语大学611英语基础测试考研真题和答案2022年北京外国语大学《611英语基础测试》考研全套内容简介

•北京外国语大学《611英语基础测试（技能）》历年考研真题及详解•全国名校基础英语考研真题详解

说明：本部分收录了本科目近年考研真题，提供了答案及详解，并对常考知识点进行了归纳整理。此外提供了相关院校考研真题，以供参考。

2．教材教辅

•2022年考研基础英语专用教材

•2022年基础英语考研题库

说明：以上为基础英语科目配套的辅导资料。英语基础测试（技能）考查的知识点与基础英语基本一致。

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2000年北京外国语大学611基础英语考研真题及详解

I. Reading Comprehension.(32分)

1. Re ad th e f o l lo wi n g arti cl e an d p arap h r ase th e u n de rlined parts:

Th e twe n ty-f i r st ce n tu r y wi l l m ar k th e e r a o f te r ti a ry an d l i f e l o n g l e a rn i n g f o r e v e r y b o dy-o r al m o s t e ve r yb o dy. Th u s the We st Re p o rt f ro m Au stral i a,e cho in g a ke y t h e m e o f th e i m m e di a te l y p r e c e di n g D e a r i n g Re p o rt i n th e U K①(Nati o n al C o m mi tte e o f In qu i ry into Hi gh er Education [NCIHE], 1997).

Th e n o ti o n o f l if e l o n g l e arn i n g h as p e r v ade d h i gh e r e ducation aroun d the world as gove rnmen ts h ave incre a si n gl y co m e to re co gn i ze a l i n k b e twe e n th e i r e du ca ti on sy ste ms an d nation al e con o mic p erf ormance. Ho we v er, poli cy rel ati ng to the actu al makin g of the lin k ne e ds de e pe r consi de ratio n. Th e de ve lo p me n t o f ke y ski l ls’has been seen in the UK as an important way in wh i ch hi ghe r e du cati on can contri b u te to e co no mi c de ve l o pm e n t, b u t i t can b e argu e d th at to fo cu s o n th e

se ski l l s re pre se n ts a n arro w an d i n su f f i ci e n t resp o n se to wh a t e m p l o y e r s-an d th e wi de r i n te r e s t-re al l y n e e d (see Stephenso n’s [1998] argument for a ‘capability’appro ach to h igh e r e du cati o n an d, m o re b ro adl y, th e di scu ssio n i n part 2o f B arn e tt [1994].Howe ver th e c o n te s te d n a tu re o f th i s asp e c t o f h i gh e r e du ca ti o n m i gh t be re so l ve d, cu rre n t di scu s si o n s h ave l e f t re l ati ve l y u n ex plo re d the b ro ade r im plicati o n s fo r cu rricu l a②a nd, in particular, for fist-cy cle provi sion.

In e a rl i e r ti m e s m an y to o k th e vi e w th a t a f i r st de gre e③ was a suffi ci ent basis for lifetime career. Th e accel erating pace of knowl edge de velopmen t h as u ndermine d th i s co n ce ptio n, an d i n cre asin g atte n ti o n i s n o w b e i n g gi ven to the p ro vi sio n of high e r degre e p rogram s an d o th e r o ppo rtun i tie s fo r p ro fe ssio n al de velo pme n t. Th i s rai se s a se ri o u s qu e sti o n: wh at f u n cti o n do e s th e first degree se rve in the context of lifelong learning? Logically, it makes no sense in today’s world to try t o pa c k f i rs t de gre e cu r ri cu l a wi t h al l th e kn o wl e dge, unde rstan din g and skill s n ee d f or the re st of a life tim e.T h e r e s i m p l y i s n o t t h e t i m e a v a i l a b l e,a n d a n y w a y cu rri cu lum-p acki ng run s th e ri sk o f su pe rf i ci al ity o f l

e ar n i n g.④ A

f i r s t de

g re e s

h o u l d,

i f th e y h av e n o t al re ady acqu i re d i t, de ve l o p i n stu de n ts th e ab i l i ty to le a rn how to le arn, as well as en han ce thei r sub

j ect-spe c i f i c e x p e rti se an d o th e r re l e van t s ki l l s. Th e o l d sayi n g i s v al i d h e re: gi vi n g i n d i vi du a l s e ach a f i sh m i gh t f e ed them for a day, bu t te achin g them the skill s o f fis hing could feed them for life.

There is a need to think of the first de gree in terms of the quality, rather th an the quantity, of stu dents’learning, In today’s world the first degree becomes m ore of a foundation qualifi catio n, upon which gradu ate s will expect to build during their lives. Some might r eact b y sayin g that to make su ch a sh ift im pli es a dil u ti o n o f ac ade m i c s tan da rd s—bu t th e co u n te r i s th a t stan dards re l ate p rim aril y to th e qu ali ty, an d n ot the quan tity, of stu dents’le arnin g.⑤The re cons trued first de gre e n e e d be n o in te ll e ctu al p o o r rel ati o n: acade m i c ri go u r c an be b u i l t i n to cu r ri cu l a o f wi de l y di f f e ri n g f o cu s. Th e s t an d ar d s m ay we l l b e di f f e re n t, bu t th e y do have to be inferior.

S o me re du ctio n i n th e vol u me o f di sci p li n e-speci f i c co nten t will re qui re an adjustmen t of thought⑥—i n parti

cu l ar, o n th e p ar t o f e m pl o y e r s an d p ro f e s si o n al b o di e s. The pro fe ssi on al accre di tati on of som e f irst de gree program s is se en by some as an essen tial con dition. Ho we ve r, t h e re se e m s n o n e ce s s ar y re a so n f o r th i s to be the case-an d it might well be to the profe ssion s’longer-te rm advan tage if fi rst degree cu rri cul a were t o pay p arti cul ar atte n ti on to de ve l opin g in gradu ate s th e abili ty to le arn to le arn,⑦ l eavin g su bse que nt p rof essional and de velopmental acti v itie s to provide the ‘t opping-up’that would cohere with the profe ssional b odies’expectations.

A strategi c visio n for highe r educatio n in the next mil lennium requires more th an a m utte ring o f the man tra o f l if el on g le arn i ng. M aki ng l ife l on g le arni n g ‘wo rk de m an ds a su st ai n e d co m mi tm en t to f i tti n g to ge th e r t he pieces of th e multidimen sio nal jigsaw who se compo n e n ts i n cl u de edu cati o n al pu rp o se s, v al u e s an d p racti c alitie s. Academi cs are among th e people who ought to relish this jigsaw’s challenge.

Whippi er-sn app e r: an in sign ificant, e sp. yo ung, person who appears impertinent.

【答案】

①re pe ati n g th e m ai n su bj e ct of re ce n t De ari ng Re po rt in the UK

②Di s cu s si o n o f th e p re se n t ti m e pay s n o a tte n ti o n to th e e x ami n ati on o f th e de e p e r i m pli e d me an i ng an d f u n cti o n o f co u rse s, n o m at te r h o w p e o p l e h a ve de al t with the probl em that higher education serve s as skil l training.

③bachelor’s degree

④To o m an y co urse s m ay le ad to th e re sul t th at stu de n ts o n l y ge t th e su rf ace m e an in g o f stu di e s in ste ad o

f explorin

g deep.

⑤th e argu men t is th at stan dards sho ul d rathe r base o n the excellency of students’l earning than on the qu antity of course s they have attended to

⑥Pe o ple ne e d to adju st the i r th ou gh t to de crease th e amount and content of courses.

⑦i f co u r se s w e r e de s i gn e d t o t e a ch t h e g r a du a te s h o w to l e arn du rin g th e bach el o r’s de gre e stu dy, i t wo u l d be h el p fu l to th e pro f e ssion s f ro m th e lo ng-te rm perspe cti ve

II. Re ad th e fo l lowin g passage an d an swe r the foll owi ng questions:(28分)

W h e n th at Gran d o l d M an of Vi cto ri an, W i l l i am Evart Gl a d sto n e, w as i n h i s 85t h y e a r,h e was ste e ri n g th e s econd home-rul e bill foe Irel an d throu gh a re calci tran t parl iamen t an d going home to tran sl ate th e odes of Ho race at ni gh t, When Ron al d Re agan re ache d the ten de r age of 73, he was f igh tin g his se cond p re si den ti al election campaign. Alan Green span, the world’s most su cce ssf ul cen tral ban ke r, i s al so 73. Poli tics an d e co n o m i c s a re pl ai n l y j o bs th at th e o l d can do w e l l. Th e y are not alone. The boardroom s of the world’s big c o m p an i e s a re f u l l o f n o n-e x e cu ti ve s age s, te l l i n g wh i p persn apper 40-somethings how to run their firms.①Why, then, are so few of the rich world’s older folk i n e mplo y m en t? Th e y l i ve lo n ge r an d e n jo y b ette r h e a l th th an th ei r pare n ts di d. Mo st j o b s h ave be co me le s s phy sically de manding; mo st people in late middle ag e a re w e l l se n si bl y, i s n o h a r d e r th an t r ai n i n g th e yo u n g. B u t th e f i gu re s sh o w an1960, m e n co u l d e x p e ct to spend 50 of their 68 years of life in paid work. T oday, the y are l i kel y to wo rk fo r o nl y 38 of th ei r 76 years. Fewer tha n two-thi rds of men in their late 50a and early 60s ate in the rich world’s labour f orce, by

the time the y celebrate thei r 55t h bi rth day, m ore th an h al f of Eu ro pe’s m e n h ave g o n e h om e to tran sl ate Horace.②

For most, that is something to celebrate. Ne ver be fore have so m an y people been abl e to loo k forward to s o m an y y e a r s o f h e al th y l e i su r e. T wo-th i r ds o f p e o p l e say th at the y l ike b eing re tire d an d have no desire t o go back to work. There are grandchildren to enjoy, forei gn coun trie s to vi si t, boo ks to re ad and golf gam e s to pl a y.Th e p l e a su re s o f o l d age l e s s e x p e n si ve, a nd more widely available, th an ever before.③Silver-hai red lining

The bi g que sti o n is whe the r all of this reti rem ent i s v oluntary. It is worth askin g for its own sake; in a libe ral socie ty, the old, too, should be free to cho ose. Bu t, in addi tion, the stampe de to re tire has con sequen ce s n o t m e re l y f o r th e o l d th e m s e l v e s. An d i t i s o f te n being encourage d by perverse public policy.

W i de spre ad an d e arl y re ti rem ent wi ll in cre asi n gl y aff e c t the lives of everyone else, for two reasons. The first i s a f am i l i ar on e: as th e sh are o f o l d f o l k in th e p o pu l ati o n ri se s, so wi ll th e bu rde n on th e yo ung o f p a

yin g fo r thei r pension s and he alth care. Th e se con d is less discu ssed: the ri se of the grey-he aded l e isu red c lass h as con sequence s for e con omic growth, be cau se o f its impact on the supply of labour and of capital. Many go ve rnme nts, thei r eye s focuse d on the impact t h at f u tu re pen sio n s cl ai m s wi l l h ave o n p u bl i c f i n an ce s, h ave e m ba rke d o n re f o rm s bu t n o t al ways r e f o rm s th at fi ve pe nsio ners a free r ch oice.For the ir e ye s are al so trai n e d i n th e sh o rte r te r m, o n hi gh un em p l o ym e nt.④Go vernmen ts, e speci al ly in weste rn Euro pe, are p r essin g mo re pe ople to re ti re e arly, on the mi staken vi ew that thi s wil l provi de jobs f or the young, even as they try to trim pensioners’entitlements in order to re du ce th e bu rde n on pu b li c fin an ce s. Th i s i s u nf o rgi v ab l e f ro m a l i be ral p o i n t o f vi e w. I t i s al so f o o l i sh f r om the perspective of public policy.

The she er si ze of the baby-boo m gene ration th at start s to te ach re ti re me n t age o ve r th e co min g decade m e ans th at there will be a simple, but huge imbalan ce: t oo few people in work, paying taxe s and pen si on cont ri bu ti o n s; to o m an y i n re ti re m e n t, drawi n g o n p e n si o n s an d ru n n i n g u p h e al th co sts.In th at case, t h e m ai n

a l t e r n a t i v e s w i l l

b e t o r e n e ge o n t h e p e n s i o n s t h a t wo rke rs tho u gh t th e y h ad bee n pro mi se d, o r to rai se t a x e s.I t w o u l d b e f a r b e t t e r f o r t h e h e a l t h o f e

c o n o mie s if m u ch ol de r peo pl e wen t on workin g i n ste ad.Q u i te sm al l r i se s i n th e age s at wh i ch p e o p l e re ti re h a ve l arge effe cts.⑤As long as older fol k stay in the jo b marke t, the y pay taxes (helpi ng one side of the fisc al bal an ce) an

d draw

e i th e r n o p e n si o n, o r a sm al l e r one(helping the other).

第1章全国院校英语专业基础英语考研真题分析

对于绝大多数报考英语专业的考生而言，“基础英语”是全国各院校英语专业研究生入学考试必考的科目。一般来说，报考英语专业研究生的考核科目为：政治（分值100分）、第二外语（分值100分）、基础英语（分值150分）以及专业课（包括英美文学、语言学与应用语言学、翻译理论及实践等）（分值150分）。需要说明的是，有些院校对此科目的考试名称有所不同：例如北京大学称之为“专业能力”，上海外国语大学称之为“英语综合”，北京外国语大学称之为“英语基础测试（技能）”，上海交通大学、广东外语外贸大学等称之为“英语水平考试”，四川大学称

之为“英语专业基础”，山东大学称之为“实践英语”。上述院校的科目名称和大多数院校所用的“基础英语”名称虽有差别，但实质是一样的，都是由各学校自主命题、考核英语专业考生基本功底的考试科目。

1.1 基础英语考研真题分析

全国各大院校在制定本校英语专业考研考试大纲时，对“基础英语”的考核基本上不指定参考书，考生在备考时往往感到漫无目的，无所适从，所以对各大院校的基础英语历年真题分析则显得尤为重要。分析各大院校的基础英语试题能够为考生准确定位自己的英语水平提供很好的参照，也使考生对“基础英语”考试有一个全面的了解，更加清晰的了解出题者的思路，从而正确地制定出复习方法和学习步骤，使复习具有针对性，使复习的效果更上一层楼。

1．考核要求

对于“基础英语”，全国各大院校自主命题，而且各院校的考核要求水平也有差异，所以没有相应的考试大纲来说明其考核要求。但国内大部分院校在命题时都会把1999年教育部批准实施的《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》作为指导标准，因此，这个大纲仍能反映目前高校对英语专业学生基本功的大体要求。其要求如下：

语法方面，较好地掌握句子之间和段落之间的衔接手段如照应、省略、替代等。熟练地使用各种衔接手段，连贯地表达思想。

词汇方面，通过基础英语课、阅读课和其他途径认知词汇达1000 0-12000个；且能正确而熟练地使用其中的5000-6000个及其最常用的搭配。

听力方面，听懂真实交际场合中各种英语会话；听懂英语国家广播电台以及电视台（如CNN）有关政治、经济、文化、教育、科技等方面的专题报道以及与此类题材相关的演讲和演讲后的问答；听懂电视时事报道和电视短剧中的对话。语速为每分钟150-180个单词，听两遍可以听懂，理解准确率以60%为合格。

口语方面，能就国内外重大问题与外宾进行流利而得体的交流；能系统、深入、连贯地发表自己的见解。

阅读方面，能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论和书评、英语国家出版的有一定难度的历史传记和文学作品；能分析上述题材文章的思想观点、语篇结构、语言特点和修辞手法。能在5分钟内速读1600词左右的文章，掌握文章的主旨和大意，理解事实和细节。

写作方面，能写各类体裁的文章，做到内容充实，语言通顺，用词恰当，表达得体。写作速度为30分钟300-400个单词。能撰写长度为3000-5000个单词的毕业论文，要求思路清晰、内容充实、语言通顺。

翻译方面，能运用翻译的理论和技巧，将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语，或将我国报刊、杂志上的文章和一般文学作

品译成英语，速度为每小时250-300个英文单词。译文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。能担任一般外事活动的口译。

文化素养方面，熟悉中国文化传统，具有一定的艺术修养；熟悉英语国家的地理、历史、发展现状、文化传统、风俗习惯；具有较多的人文知识和科技知识；具有较强的汉语口头和书面表达能力；具有较强的创新意识和一定的创新能力。

2．试题类型和出题形式

通过分析全国众多院校“基础英语”的历年真题，其题目类型大致包括词汇、语法、完形填空、改错、阅读理解、翻译和写作等内容，各题目类型的出题形式灵活多样，而考核内容也不尽相同，具体归纳如下：

（1）词汇题

词汇题的考核内容较为广泛，包括对名词、形容词、动词、冠词等多种词性、各种短语及固定搭配结构的判断和理解，其中包括对同义词、近义词、反义词的辨认与区分等；根据上下文对词和词组意义的判断等。

出题形式主要有以下几种：

①题目为一个留有空白的英文句子，要求考生从所给的四个选项选出最恰当的词或词组。如：

Anyone who has a sore throat should from alcohol.

A. detain

B. abstain

C. sustain

D. pertain

个别院校（如对外经济贸易大学）有时句子中会留2～4个空白，酷似GRE的sen te nce completion，不同的是GRE是填2个空，而外经贸要求填2～4个。如：

Li te ratu re m ay ______ an d in fo rm, en te rtain, e x pre ss pe rso n al j o y o r,re f l e ct re l i gi o u s de vo ti o n, gl o r i f y a n ation o r h ero, o r ______ a parti cular p oin t of vi ew—wh ether it ______ political, soci al, or aesthe tic.

A. inspire; love; describe; is

B. instruct: pain; advo cate; be

C. convince; hatred; re veal; we re

D. alert; pleasu re; explain; has been

②要求对单句中划有底横线的词进行替换选择，即从所给出的四个选择项中选出一个最佳替换词。如：

Don’t be callous to the sufferin g of others.

A. apatheti c

B. curious

C. sensiti ve

D. supercilious

③根据词的相关解释，从表格所给出的词汇中选出意思与之符合的单词。如：

a thing that is changeable: (答案为variable)。

④要求为所给出的单词选择其同义词。如：

phlegmatic

A. calm

B. penetrative

C. dilapidated

D. illegible

E. exclusive

⑤要求为所给出的单词选择其反义词。如：

decorous

A. unlikely

B. uncomfortabl e

C. unrepen tan t

D. unseemly

E. unattracti ve

（2）语法题

语法题测试的重点包括时态、语态、语气、动词非限定形式、强调、倒装、平行结构等。

出题形式主要有以下几种：

①题目为一个留有空白的英文句子，要求考生从时态、句型等语法角度，从所给的四个选项中选出可用在句中的最恰当的词、词组或句子。如：

______ , he might have re tired before the end.

A. Didn’t he enjoy the concert

B. Has he not enjoyed the concert

C. Were he not enjoy the concert

D. Had he not enjoyed the concert