期末复习商务英语
商务英语期末复习
freelance自由职业的[fri:lɑ:ns]Yousellyourworkorservicestoanumberofdifferentcompanies.自由职业你把你的工作或服务卖给许多不同的公司teleworking远程工作；在家办公;Youworkforacompanyfromhomeviaemail,phoneortheInternet电子办公你在家中通过电子邮件、电话或互联网为一家公司工作，job-sharing分担工作制Youdoyourjobforpartoftheweekandanotherpersondoesitfortheotherpart.分担工作你在这周做了你的这份工作的一部分，另一个人做另一部分shiftwork换班工作Youworkduringdifferentpartsoftheday(egnights).轮班工作你在一天中的不同时段工作（如夜班）part-time兼职;半日工作Youonlyworkforsomeottheweek(notfull-time).兼职工作你只工作了一周（不是全职）。
temping打临时工，做临时工作，打零工Youworkfordifferentcompaniesforashorttimewithoutapermanentcontract.临时工作你在不同的公司工作很短的时间没有一个永久的合同。
c onsultancy顾问工作，顾问职位;咨询公司;[knsltnsi:]Youaren’temployedbyacompany,butarepaidtogivespecialistadvice.顾问公司；咨询公司你不是受雇于公司，但支付给专业的意见flextime弹性上班制;Youdon’thavea permanentplaceorofficetoworkat,butyoufindaplacetoworkwhenyouarrive.办公桌轮用你没有一个固定的办公地点，但当你需要办公室可以找到一个办公地点Howtojob-shareWouldn'titbeniceiftheworkingweekfinishedonWednesdayWithajob-share(0)FindtheperfectpartnerFindsomeoneyoulike.'Bepreparedtocommunicateandsharecreditandblame,saysCarolSava ge,themanagingdirectorofFlexecutive,aflexibleworkingconsultancy.creditandblame信用和责任；director主管，主任；flexible灵活的；consultancy顾问工作，顾问职位;咨询公司(1)Openyourmind敞开心胸Bossesshouldconsiderrequestsforflexibleworkingfromemployeeswithchildrenunderrgy.'Savagesays.老板应该考虑从事六岁以下的儿童工作的员工的灵活性要求。
商务英语期末复习
商务英语期末复习Unit 21c词汇用下面的词语填进下列句子的空格中1、Managers have to decide how best to allocate the human, physical and capital resources （资源、财力）availableto them.2、Managers – logically – have to make sure that the jobs and tasks given to their subordinates are manageable.3、There is no point in setting objectives if you don’t communicate them to your staff.4、Managers have to supervise their subordinates, and to measure, and try to improve, their performance.5、Managers have to check whether objectives and targets are being achieved.6、A top manager whose performance is unsatisfactory can be dismissed by the company’s board of directors.7、Top managers are responsible for the innovations that will allow a company to adapt to a changing world.1d词汇课文里有一些常见的动词-名词搭配（入achieve objectives, deal with crises等等。
把下面的动词和名词按照常用搭配连起来。
商务英语阅读期末考试复习资料
《商务英语阅读》期末考试复习资料一、词汇翻译题（课内词汇+课外高频商务词汇）1.entrepreneur 企业家2.specification 规格详述3.human resources 人力资源4.institution 机构5.orientation 方向，导向，新员工入职培训6.decline 消减，衰亡7.bonus 奖金unch 推出，投放市场munity 社区，共同体10.necessities （生活）必需品11.stock 股票12.liquidity 流动性，变现性13.risk 风险14.potential 潜在的15.act of God 不可抗力y off 使……下岗17.listed company 上市公司18.log on 登入、连接（上网）19.absolute interest 绝对产权20.keyboard skills 打字技能21.human resources 人力资源22.account for 解释某事物的原因，占……比例23.executive 高级管理人员，执行总裁24.logo 企业或公司等专用的标记、标识25.administration 管理26.budget 预算27.feasible 可行的28.industry 产业，行业29.ingredient 成分，要素30.securities 证券mission 佣金32.dividend 股息，红利33.mature 到期，成熟34.accounts receivable 应收账款35.job description 岗位描述36.letter of intent 意向书37.living wage 基本生活工资38.bar code 条形码39.acid test 决定性的考验40.executive 高管，主管41.administrative expenses 行政管理费用42.jet lag 飞机时差反应43.customized 用户化的，按客户要求定制的44.keep-fit market 保健市场45.lecture theatre 梯形教室，梯形报告厅46.local adaptation 本土化47.balance sheet 资产负债表48.benefits package 福利套餐,整体福利49.bill of lading 提单、提货单50.access fee 使用费二、单项选择题（课内）1.Factors of production refer to _______.A.natural resources and capitalbor and entrepreneursC.both A and B2.The structure of a large manufacturing company and that of a small service firmshould be __________.A. the sameB. differentC. similar3. Organization charts show employees where they ______.A. start their workB. report to the bossC. fit into the company’s operation4. The basic management skills are ________.A.technical skills, human relations skills and conceptual skillsB.performing skills, marketing skills and planning skillsanizing skills, controlling skills and leading skills5. ________ programs include wages and salaries, incentives, and benefit forworkers.A. CompensationB. MarketingC. Orientation6. The firm’s ________ covers all the products it offers for sale.A. product lineB. product lifeC. product mix7. A nation’s ______ is the difference between the flow of money into and outof the nation.A.balance of tradeB.balance of paymentsC.payment of balance8. China is in the _______ regional economy.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. Asia/Pacific9. A corporation can also obtain equity financing by selling securities directlyto current stockholders. “Equity” here means ______.A. reasonable qualityB. ordinary stocks and sharesC. principles of equality10.Most short-term financing is unsecured. “unsecured” here means _______.A.no interest chargeB.no collateral is requiredC.no bank loans11.The funds needed to operate an enterprise are referred to as _______.A.capitalB.resourcesbor12. Organization charts show employees where they ______.A. start their workB. report to the bossC. fit into the company’s operation13. The basic management skills are ________.A.technical skills, human relations skills and conceptual skillsB.performing skills, marketing skills and planning skillsanizing skills, controlling skills and leading skills14. ________ programs include wages and salaries, incentives, and benefit forworkers.A. CompensationB. MarketingC. Orientation15. The firm’s ________ covers all the products it offers for sale.A. product lineB. product lifeC. product mix16. _______ may be established based on costs, demands, the competitions’prices,or some combination of these.A. ProductsB. BrandsC. Prices17. A nation’s ______ is the difference between the flow of money into and outof the nation.A.balance of tradeB.balance of paymentsC.payment of balance18. China is in the _______ regional economy.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. Asia/Pacific19.People can buy stocks from _____.A.securities marketsB. a secure marketC.financial markets20. High-risk investment techniques can provide greater returns, but they entailgreater risk of loss. “Entail” here means _________.A. retailB. investC. involve（答案自己在书上找）三、阅读理解题（课外）Passage 1Global Recession Hits the Developing WorldBoth the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund expect the world economy to shrink this year for the first time since World War Two. As recently as January, the I.M.F. had predicted growth of one-half percent. But this week its chief, Dominique Strauss-Kahn, said the world has entered what he called “a great recession”.A new World Bank report says the recession may hurt the developing world the most. Those countries depend on trade for economic growth. But world trade is expected to fall at the fastest rate in eighty years.East Asia has been hardest hit. In February, exports from China fell twenty-six percent from a year ago.Rich nations are expected to borrow heavily in world credit markets to finance spending at home. But investors are demanding very high returns if they are willing to lend to the developing world at all. Jeff Chelsky, a World Bank senior economist, says investors are avoiding higher risk debt in a flight to quality.The bank estimates that up to three trillion dollars of public and private loans in developing countries must be repaid this year. Some nations have enough foreign currency reserves, but others will struggle to find new financing to pay their existing debts.The World Bank estimates that developing nations will need between two hundred seventy and seven hundred billion dollars in financing. The amount depends on the depth of the recession.The I.M.F. is seeking to expand its lending ability. And World Bank President Robert Zoellick has called on rich nations to put some of their economic recovery spending into a crisis fund to help poor countries.Bank economist Jeff Chelsky says the poorest countries are in the greatest danger. They cannot borrow in credit markets and they depend on exports of commodities like crops or minerals. But falling commodity prices mean they now depend more than ever on foreign aid.Finance ministers and central bankers from major industrial and developing countries meet this weekend outside London to discuss the financial crisis. President Obama wants all countries in the Group of Twenty to coordinate their separate efforts to strengthen their economies.There was some good news this week, including better-than-expected reports on spending by Americans in January and February. And financial stocks rose after Citigroup reported a profit for those two months.And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter. I'm Steve Ember.1. According to the passage, the world economy will _______ for the first timethis year since the World War Two.A. developB. growC. expandD. become smaller2. _______may be hurt the most by the recession.A. the developing worldB. the developed countriesC. the rich countriesD. Asian countries3. Who are easier to borrow money in the world credit market?A. Rich nationsB. Poor countriesC. the World BankD. the International Monetary Fund4. What does the underlined “flight”mean in the fourth paragraph?A. travelB. flyingC. escapeD. movement through the air5.___________ has called on rich nations to help poor countries.A. President ObamaB. President Robert ZoellickC. Jeff ChelskyD. the International Monetary FundPassage 2A Rough Road for ToyotaToyota became the world's largest automaker in two thousand eight. But after years of building loyalty, the Japanese company may have put its quality brand name at risk, at least temporarily.Toyota is recalling millions of cars and trucks around the world because of cases where vehicles have sped up unexpectedly. Last August, a driver in California was unable to stop. The crash killed him and three of his family members.Toyota says the problem is rare and caused by accelerator pedals becoming stuck open. On January twenty-sixth, the company suspended sales of eight of its top-selling vehicles in the United States, its largest market. Toyota dealers have been receiving parts to make repairs.General Motors and Ford both reported increased sales in January. But Toyota sales in the United States have fallen, and so has its stock price. Toyota says it expects costs and lost sales from its recent safety recalls to total two billion dollars by the end of March.Louis Lataif spent twenty-seven years in the car industry at Ford. Now he is dean of the School of Management at Boston University.LOUIS LATAIF: “It’s Toyota’s biggest such recall. It’s voluntary incidentally, it’s not mandated. So, in that respect, they are doing something fairly bold, namely, taking the hit of shutting production and correcting the vehicles that are in inventory on which they have stopped sales.”A recall late last year involved floor mats that Toyota said could cause the accelerator to get stuck. One of the vehicles in the floor mat recall was the Prius, the world’s top selling hybrid.Now American officials are investigating the brake system on the twenty ten Prius. The Transportation Department says it has received more than one hundred twenty reports, including reports of four crashes.Toyota says it found a software problem that could briefly affect the “feel” of the anti-lock brakes on rough or slippery roads. It says it fixed the brake problem last month.But a growing number of legal cases claim Toyota knew for a long time about the sudden acceleration issue with other vehicles. The problem reportedly has led to more than eight hundred crashes and nineteen deaths in the past ten years. Congress is preparing for hearings.Greg Bonner is a marketing professor at Villanova University. He says to regain trust, Toyota will have to make public everything it knows about the problems and show it accepts responsibility.The recall has also intensified questions about all the computer control systems used in modern cars.6. Toyota may have put its quality brand name at risk because__________.A. vehicles have sped up unexpectedlyB. last August, a driver in California was unable to stop.C. Toyota is recalling millions of cars and trucks around the worldD. All of the above.7. Which of the following ways is not one Toyota solves its problem about accelerator pedals?A. Toyota stopped sales of eight of its top-selling vehicles in the UnitedStatesB. Toyota is recalling millions of cars and trucks around the worldC. Toyota increased salesD. Toyota dealers have been receiving parts to make repairs.8. Whose sales decreased in January?A. General MotorsB. FordC. General Motors and FordD. Toyota9. From what Louis Lataif said about Toyota, we can infer that _________.A. Toyota didn’t solve its problem positively.B. Louis Lataif didn’t think that Toyota solved its problem properly.C. Louis Lataif thought highly of Toyota’s way of solving its problem.D. Toyota couldn’t solve its problem.10. The underlined word in the last paragraph “intensify” means ________.A. increase in degreeB. decrease in degreeC. make the questions more tenseD. become more intensePassage 3Stock Sectors - How to Classify StocksOne of the ways investors classify stocks is by type of business. The idea is to put companies in similar industries together for comparison purposes. Most analysts and financial media call these groupings “sectors” and you will often read or hear about how certain sector stocks are doing.One of the most common classification breaks the market into 11 different sectors. Investors consider two of these sectors “defensive” and the remaining nine “cyclical.” Let’s look at these two categories and see what they mean for the individual investor.DefensiveDefensive stocks include utilities and consumer staples. These companies usually don’t suffer as much in a market downturn because people don’t stop using energy or eating. They provide a balance to portfolios and offer protection in a falling market.However, for all their safety, defensive stocks usually fail to climb with a rising market for the opposite reasons they provide protection in a falling market: people don’t use significantly more energy or eat more food.Defensive stocks do exactly what their name implies, assuming they are well run companies. They give you a cushion for a soft landing in a falling market.Cyclical stocksCyclical stocks, on the other hand, cover everything else and tend to react to a variety of market conditions that can send them up or down, however when one sector is going up another may be going down.Here is a list of the nine sectors considered cyclical:∙Basic Materials∙Capital Goods∙Communications∙Consumer Cyclical∙Energy∙Financial∙Health Care∙Technology∙TransportationMost of these sectors are self-explanatory. They all involve businesses you can readily identify. Investors call them cyclical because they tend to move up and down in relation to businesses cycles or other influences.Basic materials, for example, include those items used in making other goods – lumber, for instance. When the housing market is active, the stock of lumber companies will tend to rise. However, high interest rates might put a damper on home building and reduce the demand for lumber.How to UseStocks sectors are helpful sorting and comparison tools. Don’t get hung up on using just one organization’s set of sectors, though. uses slightly different sectors in its tools, which let you compare stocks within a sector.This is extremely helpful, since one of the ways to use sector information is to compare how your stock or a stock you may want to buy, is doing relative to other companies in the same sector.If all the other stocks are up 11% and your stock is down 8%, you need to find out why. Likewise, if the numbers are reversed, you need to know why your stock is doing so much better than others in the same sector –maybe its business model has changed and it shouldn’t be in that sector any longer.ConclusionYou never want to be making investment decisions in a vacuum. Using sector information, you can see how a stock is doing relative to its peers and that will help you understand whether you have a potential winner or loser.11. According to this passage, an investor should buy _____________in a falling market.A. cyclical stocksB. defensive stocksC. technology stocksD. transportation stocks12. According to this passage, an investor should buy _____________in a rising market.A. cyclical stocksB. defensive stocksC. stocks of utilitiesD. stocks of consumer staples13. ______________sectors belong to cyclical stocks.A. 11B.2C.9D.314. Utilities and consumer staples belong to _______________.A. cyclical stocksB. defensive stocksC. technology stocksD. transportation stocks15. ___________tend to move up and down in relation to businesses cycles or other influences.A. cyclical stocksB. defensive stocksC. stocks of utilitiesD. stocks of consumer staplesPassage 1America's biggest carmaker accepted fifty billion dollars in federal aid from the Obama and Bush administrations. People joked that GM meant "Government Motors." Now, General Motors could be on the road to recovery.The company recorded over two and a half billion dollars in profit in the first half of the year. The government still owns sixty-one percent of GM as a result of the bailout. Canada is also a shareholder. But now GM plans to sell stock to the public again.GM spent just forty days in bankruptcy. It sought protection from its creditors in June of last year. GM restructured. It discontinued some vehicles and closed dealerships and factories.In April, GM repaid almost seven billion dollars in government loans. Many of its creditors are waiting to see how much they get.GM plans an IPO, an initial public offering of stock, later this year. The company could raise as much as fifteen billion dollars.Chief executive Edward Whitacre is leaving September first. He wants the government to sell all of its shares in the company during the IPO. Many experts believe the Treasury will act slowly over time after the public offering is completed.If the stock price rises, the government could profit from the rescue. But the IPO is risky for the company. The offering will test the willingness of investors to take an equity share in the “new GM”.Buying equity is not like buying bonds. Bonds represent a loan. Equity represents ownership. Investors willing to buy equity shares in a company expect one thing -- growth.GM believes it can make that happen, in part with a new electric-and-gas hybrid.COMMERCIA L: “Chevy Volt, a car that can go up to forty miles before it uses any gas at all. That's an American revolution.”The Volt is expected to start arriving in showrooms later this year.GM is also looking overseas. The world's fastest growing car markets are in developing nations. GM is now selling more cars in China than in the United States. GM still leads the American market, though Toyota is now the biggest car company in the world.There are signs that America's big three may have put the worst of their recent troubles behind them.Chrysler also went through bankruptcy and says its sales are up. Italy's Fiat holds a twenty percent share.Ford Motor Company avoided bankruptcy and refused government help. Ford reported close to five billion dollars in profit for the first six months of the year.1. America’s biggest carmaker is _________________.A. ToyotaB. ChryslerC. GMD. Ford Motor Company2. GM stands for __________.A. Government MotorsB. General MotorsC. Both A and BD. Neither A Nor B3. People joked that GM meant “Government Motors” because _____________.A. The government still owns sixty-one percent of GM as a result of the bailout.B. They accepted fifty billion dollars in federal aid from the Obama and Bushadministrations.C. Both A and BD. Neither A Nor B4. Now, General Motors could be on the road to recovery. It plans ___________.A. to restructure.B. an IPO, an initial public offering of stock, later this yearC. to seek protection from its creditors.D. to discontinue some vehicles and closed dealerships and factories.5. According to the passage, what is not true about Chevy Volt?A. GM believes it will bring profit growth.B. It is a new electric-and-gas hybrid.C. It is a car that can go up to forty miles before it uses any gas at all.D. It has been produced.Passage 2The digital revolution, as exemplified by the Internet and electronic commerce, has shaken marketing practices to their core. In a recen t paper, Wharton’s Jerry Wind, director of the SEI Center for Advanced Studies in Management, and co-authorVijay Mahajan, a marketing professor at the College of Business Administration of the University of Texas at Austin, examine the impact of digital marketing on concepts like pricing, when customers can propose their own prices (), or buyers and sellers can haggle independently in auctions ().The paper provides an overview of some of the emerging realities and new rules of marketing in a digital world, and outlines what the new discipline of marketing may look like in the early part of the new century.To begin with, say the authors, the rapid-fire growth of the Internet is helping to drive changes. “It is not just our comp uters that are being reprogrammed; it is customers themselves,” says Wind. “These emerging cyber consumers are like an alien race that has landed in the midst of our markets. They have different expectations and different relationships with companies from which they purchase products and services.”For one thing, cyber consumers expect to be able to customize everything —from the products and services they buy and the information they seek, to the price they are willing to pay. And with digital technology opening new channels for gaining information, they are more knowledgeable and demanding than previous consumers. Digital customers can also sort products based on any desired attribute, price, nutritional value, or functionality, and they can easily obtain third-party endorsements and evaluations, tapping the experience of other users. “Companies that cannot meet their demands and expectations will be at a loss,” says Wind.Questions:6. The passage was most likely to be quoted from______.A.an overview of a paperB.an introduction to a bookC. a book on digital revolutionD. a paper discussing digital revolution7. The paper mentioned in this paper was written by______.A.Jerry WindB.Vijay MahajanC.Jerry Wind and Vijay MahajanD.an anonymous8. From the third paragraph, we can infer that______.A.the customers are also reprogrammed by computersB.e-business companies need be more knowledgeable about cyber consumersC.cyber consumers are a group of strange peopleD.cyber consumers came from outer space9. Compared with traditional customers, the emerging cyber consumers______.A.are more difficult to satisfyB.have less knowledge about businessC.have more problems with pricesD.are less willing to buy products and services10. What is mainly discussed in the passage? ______A.digital revolutionB.digital marketingC.cyber consumersD.the impact of digital marketing on concepts like pricingPassage 3Greece, economically, is in the black. With very little to export other than such farm products as tobacco, cotton and fruit, the country earns enough from ‘invisible earnings’ to pay for its needed, growing imports. From the sending out of things the Greeks, earn only $285 million; from tourism, shipping and the remittances of Greeks abroad, the country takes in an additional #375 million and this washes out the almost $400 million by which imports exceed exports.It has a balanced budget. Although more than one drachma out of four goes for defense, the government ended a recent year with a slight surplus -- $66 million. Greece has a decent reserve of almost a third of a billion dollars in gold and foreign exchange. It has a government not dependent on coalescing incompatible parties toobtain parliamentary majorities.In thus summarizing a few happy highlights, I don’t mean to minimize the vast extent of Greece’s problems. It is the poorest country by a wide margin in Free Europe, and poverty is widespread. At best an annual income of $60 to $70 is the lot of many a peasant, and substantial unemployment plagues the countryside, cities, and towns of Greece. There are few natural resources on which to build any substantial industrial base. Some years ago I wrote here:“Greek statesmanship will have to create an atmosphere in which home and foreign savings will willingly seek investment opportunities in the back ward economy of Greece. So far, most American and other foreign attempt have bogged down in the Greek government’s red tape and shrewdness about small points.”Great strides have been made. As far back as 1956, expanding tourism seemed a logical way to bring needed foreign currencies and additional jobs to Greece. At that time I talked with the Hilton Hotel people, who had been examining hotel possibilities, and to the Greek government division responsible for this area of the economy. They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook.Today most of the incredibly varied, beautiful, historical sights of Greece have new, if in many cases modest, tourist facilities. Tourism itself has jumped from approximately $31 million to over $90 million. There is both a magnificent new Hilton Hotel in Athens and a completely modernized, greatly expanded Grande Bretagne, as well as other first-rate new hotels. And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris or Rome –without the sky-high prices of traffic-choked streets of either.Questions:11. The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_________.A. Greek income and expendituresB. The improving economic situation in GreeceC. The value of tourismD. Military expenditures12. Many peasants earn less than _________.A. $60 a weekB. $2 a weekC. $1 a dayD. $10 a month13. The Greek Government spends __________.A. more than 25%of its budget on military termsB. More than its collectsC. A third of a billion dollars in goldD. Less than 25% of its budget on military terms14. According to the passage, Greece has _________.A. a dictatorshipB. a monarchyC. a single majority partyD. too much red tape15. Greece imports annually goods and materials __________.A. totaling almost $700 millionB. that balance exportsC. that are paid by touristsD. costing $66 million四、篇章翻译题（课外）Passage A纳斯达克开设北京代表处随着各方吸引迅速增长的中国公司赴海外上市的争夺战愈演愈烈，纳斯达克(Nasdaq)昨日成为最新一个在北京开设代表处的全球证交所。
商务英语复习题及答案
商务英语复习题及答案一、选择题1. What does "B2B" stand for in the context of business?A. Business to BusinessB. Business to ConsumerC. Business to GovernmentD. Business to Industry答案：A2. Which of the following is NOT a common payment term in international trade?A. FOB (Free On Board)B. CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)C. DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)D. COD (Cash on Delivery)答案：D3. In a business negotiation, what does "NR" mean?A. Not ReceivedB. Not ReadyC. Not RespondedD. Non-Renewable答案：C二、填空题4. When addressing a formal business letter, it is appropriate to use the title "_______" before the person's name.答案：Dear Sir/Madam5. The abbreviation "ETA" in logistics stands for "_______". 答案：Estimated Time of Arrival6. In a business proposal, the section that outlines the benefits of the proposed solution is called "_______".答案：Benefits三、阅读理解Read the following passage and answer the questions:In today's globalized economy, companies are increasingly looking for ways to expand their markets and reach new customers. One effective strategy is to engage in cross-border e-commerce, which allows businesses to sell their products and services online to customers in different countries. This approach not only opens up new revenue streams but also helps to build brand awareness on a global scale.7. What is the main advantage of cross-border e-commerce mentioned in the passage?答案：It allows businesses to sell their products and services online to customers in different countries.8. What is another benefit of engaging in cross-border e-commerce?答案：It helps to build brand awareness on a global scale.四、翻译题9. 将下列句子从英文翻译成中文："The company is seeking to diversify its product line to appeal to a broader customer base."答案：该公司正寻求多样化其产品线，以吸引更广泛的客户群。
商务英语阅读 期末复习要点
currency fluctuationCEOprogressive payment customs dutystrike pricecost reductionforeign exchange reserve intelligent logistic network open accountboard of directorsspot exchange rategross weighteconomic meltdown capital flowprimary market severance payenergy intensivebonusreserve requirements collateralinterest rate liberalization fiscal policecorporate governance turnovershareholder general meeting time depositequity ownershipbulk commoditytax cutsgovernment spending年度预算保税仓线上支付系统预付公募私募证券市场世界贸易组织回报率绩效评估招募人员本国货币公司高管资本流失汇率波动首席执行官按施工进度分批付款关税成交价压缩成本外汇储备智能物流网络赊销董事会即期汇率毛重经济衰退现金流一级市场遣散费能源密集型奖金存款准备金要求抵押利率自由化财政政策公司治理营业额股东大会定期存款股权所有散装货税收降低政府支出annual budget bounded warehouseon- line payment system payment in advance public placement private placement securities marketWTOrate of return performance appraisal recruitmentdomestic currency company senior manager capital flight基本利率公开市场操作实体经济金融市场光票托收养老金抵押贷款货币投机贴现率贬值恶性通膨基本工资贸易区域流通票据提单银行信用prime lending rate open market operations entity economy financial market clean collection pensionmortgage loan currency speculation discount rate depreciation hyperinflationbase paytrade block negotiable instrument bill of ladingbank credit1.The importer should have the knowledge that the exchange control authorities in his country will permit advance payment to be made.进口人应该知道本国外汇管制当局准许使用提前支付的形式支付货款。
商务英语期末复习资料
商务英语期末复习资料一、翻译:词组,句子词组telephone operator电话接线员 telephone directory/book电话簿area code, code number地区代码 calling party, caller打电话者give sb. a call/ring给某人打电话 put sb. to extension接分机keep the line free别占线 lift /pick up the telephone answer the phone 接电话hold/hang on别挂线/稍等 hang up / get off挂断expect one’s call等某人的电话 be wanted on the phone有电话leave a message留口信 take a message捎口信call back later稍后再打来 return one’s call回某人的电话have/dial the wrong number拨错号码 check the number核对号码leave one’s telephone number留电话号码give sb, the telephone number 告知电话号码slow down/ speak a little slower说慢一点jot down the phone number 记下电话号码telephone operator电话接线员 telephone directory/book电话簿area code, code number地区代码 calling party, caller打电话者give sb. a call/ring给某人打电话 put sb. to extension接分机keep the line free别占线 lift /pick up the telephone answer the phone 接电话hold/hang on别挂线/稍等 hang up / get off挂断expect one’s call等某人的电话 be wanted on the phone有电话leave a message留口信 take a message捎口信call back later稍后再打来 return one’s call回某人的电话have/dial the wrong number拨错号码 check the number核对号码leave one’s telephone number留电话号码give sb, the telephone number 告知电话号码slow down/ speak a little slower说慢一点 jot down the phone number 记下电话号码passport护照 visa签证embassy大使馆 validity有效期window seat靠窗的座位 aisle seat靠过道的座位check in登记（酒店、机场） check out结账book/reserve/make a reservation预定 luggage/baggage行李carry-on/hand-carry/hand luggage随身行李check-in/checked/registered luggage托运行李overweight超重 excess baggage charge超重行李附加费duty-free allowance免税额 single/one way ticket单程票round-trip ticket往返票 return ticket返程票arrive/arrival到达vi./n. depart/departure离开vi./n. business class商务舱 first class头等舱economy class经济舱 advance deposit定金registration登记 tariff价目表cancellation/cancel one’s reservation取消预定single room单人间double room双人间 suite套房conference room会议室 local currency当地货币exchange rate汇率 International flight国际航班domestic flight国内航班 flight number航班号connecting-flight转机 direct/non-stop flight直达航班air route/line航线 take off起飞board a plane登机 landing着陆句子1. 从你的简历和应聘申请书来看，你对营销工作已有相当多的经验。
商务英语期末复习资料
商务英语期末复习资料Part I Translate the following English words into Chinese.1. bill of exchange 2. sight draft 3. irrevocable L/C 4. penalty 5. money of payment 6. usance L/C 7. money of account 8. promissory note 9. commercial draft 10. advising bank 11. Force Majeure 12. combined transport document Part II . Translate the following Chinese words into English1. 佣金佣金2. 单价单价3. 承兑承兑4. 贴现贴现5. 受益人受益人6. 独立代理独立代理7. 支票支票 8. 进口许可证进口许可证 9. 背书 10. 补偿贸易 11. 折扣折扣 12. 示票 13. 跟单托收 14. 经销经销 15. 索赔索赔16. 商业发票 17. 保险凭证保险凭证 18. 汇率汇率19．检验证书．检验证书 20. 保兑保兑Part III Write down the full name of the following abbreviations and the translations.1. D/P2. M/T3. CIF4. D/A5. T/T6. B/LPart IV Decide whether the following statements are true or false by writing “T” for true and “F” for false in the bracket besides each statement.1. International trade is only the exchange of goods between nations. 2. The distributor gains profits from the price difference at which he buys and resells the goods. 3. In reality, the quantity of goods shipped must be exactly the same with that stipulated in the contract. 4. Partial shipment means that the goods under one contract are shipped in different terms or by different lots. 5. A unit price consists of four parts: currency unit, unit price figure, measuring unit and price terms. 6. The buyer will inform the seller the opening of L/C and pass the L/C to the seller. 7. In counterpurchase, the value of countertrade goods has to equal that of the export. 8. Whether sale by buyer ’s sample or by seller ’s sample, the quality of the commodities should be strictly same as sample. Otherwise, it should be stipulated in the contract clearly. 9. Transshipment may increase the cost of shipment and the possibility of delay in delivery of commodities. 10. In international trade, if All Risks was covered, any loss caused by any reason on the way can be compensated by insurance company. 11. Under the the term term term of of of D/A, D/A, D/A, it it it is is the the bank bank bank in exporter in exporter ’s s country country country who who who makes makes makes acceptance acceptance acceptance to to to the the the draft draft draft and delivers and delivers documents to the importer. 12. Landed quality and weight means that the inspection carried out at the port of destination will be final. 13. When EXW or DDP is used, the commodity is generally inspected in the exporting country. 14. “USD200 per M/T CIFC2 London ” means that the seller will receive 200 US dollars for per metric ton. Part V Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1. Who has the exclusive right of selling the goods in a marketing area at the price he fixes? ___. a. Consignor b. Exclusive distributor c. Exclusive agent d. Bidder 2. When the seller only pays freight for the goods up to arrival at the port of destination, the term is _____. a. FOB b. CFR c. DDU d. CIF 3. Partial shipment may be necessary when ____. a. direct liners are not available b. the amount of the cargo is very small c. the shipping date is very close d. the export covers a large amount of goods 4. The goods concluded on the CIF basis have been burnt because of the fire after being loaded, then ____. a. the loss is due to the seller b. the seller asks the insurance company for compensation c. the buyer asks the insurance company for compensation d. the loss is due to the party who pays the freight 5. In the following terms of settlement, which is the most risky one for the seller? ____. a. T/T in advance b. D/A c. D/P at sight d. D/P after sight 6. 6. When When When ____ ____ ____ happens, happens, happens, the the the party party party that that that fails fails fails to to to perform perform perform the the the contract contract contract is is is allowed allowed allowed to to to relieve relieve relieve liabilities liabilities liabilities of of of the the non-performance. a. war b. world market price goes up c. manufacture fault d. currency devaluation 7. Which is NOT the example of trade barriers? _____. a. Tariffs b. Quotas c. Import duties d. Income tax 8. In international trade, the seller ships the goods to the buyer when there is no purchase made. The seller retains title to the goods until the buyer has sold them. This is ___. a. bidding b. agency c. consignment d. distributor 9. Which stipulation of the date of shipment is often used in a contract? ____. a. One day b. Within several days after the L/C has been received c. Prompt shipment d. Concrete shipment time 10. Particular additional coverage of CIC ____. a. can be covered alone b. can’t be covered alone c. can be covered alone when more than two of them are covered d. can be covered alone when only one of the insured applies for insurance 11. Which one of the following quotations is wrong? a. FOB QINGDAO USD10.00/PC b. CIF LIVERPOOL GBP125.00/MT c. FOB SHANGHAI $15.25/PC d. FOB JINAN USD2.00/KG 12. Under CIF, freight on the B/L is marked as ____. a. Freight Prepaid b. Freight Collect c. Freight Pre-payable d. Freight Unpaid 13. Based on whether the goods are loaded or not, the B/L can be classified into ____. a. clean B/L and unclean B/L b. direct B/L and transshipment B/L c. straight B/L and order B/L d. on board B/L and received for shipment B/L 14. A company exports 50 tons of wheat, the seller delivers the extra 2 tons, then the buyer should ____. a. accept 52 tons b. refuse to take 52 tons c. accept extra 1 ton d. refuse to accept extra 2 tons Part Part VI VI . Translate Translate the the the following following following English English English sentences sentences sentences into into into Chinese Chinese Chinese or or or Chinese Chinese Chinese sentences sentences sentences into into English 1. FOB means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship ’s rail nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment. 2. Total amount, as its name suggests, is the sum of the money for one business transaction. It equals to the unit price multiplied by the quantity of the goods. 3. Generally speaking, the L/C should arrive to the seller at least 15 days before the time of shipment to allow sufficient time to check and amend, if necessary, the L/C and to arrange shipment. 4. Under an FOB, CFR or CIF contract, port of shipment is usually proposed by the exporter and is stipulated in 1. 汇票汇票 2. 即期汇票即期汇票3. 不可撤销信用证不可撤销信用证 4. 罚金罚金5. 支付货币支付货币 6. 远期信用证远期信用证7. 计价货币计价货币 8. 本票本票9. 商业汇票商业汇票 10. 通知行通知行不可抗力不可抗力 12. 多式联运单据多式联运单据commission unit price accept/acceptance discount beneficiary factor check import license 9. endorse/endorsement 10. compensation trade 11. discount/allowance presentation documentary collection distribution 15. claim 16. commercial invoice insurance certificate 18. exchange rate 19. inspection certificate 20. confirm/confirmation Part V Fill in the blanks with the best choice.（每小题2分，共20分）1—5 b b d c b 6—10 a d c b b 11—14 c a d a Part VI . Translate the following English sentences into Chinese or Chinese sentences into English （英译中每小题2分，中译英每小题3分，共25分）1. FOB 是指货物越过指定装运港买方指派的船只的船舷时，卖方就完成了交货义务。
商务英语期末试题与答案
1、FOB(Free On Board)：船上交货：船上交货2、 CIF(Cost 、 Insurance and Freight)：成本、保险费加运费：成本、保险费加运费3、L/C ：信用证（Letter of Credit ，L/C ）4、B/L ：提单（Bill of Lading,B/L ）5、D/P ，Documents against Payment 付款交单付款交单付款交单 6、 D/A 全称为documents against acceptance 承兑交单承兑交单Translate the following Chinese into English:1. 请随时向我方报告下列货物的最新价格。
Please keep us informed of the latest quotation for the following items. 2. 我方打算按照当前的国际市场价格给你报个价。
We are prepared to give you a quotation which is based upon the prevailing international market price.3. 很遗憾，我们的价格与你方还盘之间的差距太大。
I ’m sorry the difference between our price and your counteroffer is too wide.’m sorry the difference between our price and your counteroffer is too wide.4. 能不能互相让步我想我们双方都坚持自己的价格是不明智的。
How about meeting each other half way? I don’t think it wise for either of us to insist on his own price.5. 我们不能做这笔交易因为卖方提价百分之五并降低数量百分之二十五。
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期末复习商务英语浙江广播电视大学英语专业(成人专科)《综合英语（3）》期末复习注：以下练习题主要针对成人专科的学生来练习。
题型：1．词汇语法题（30分，每题2分）2．完型填空（20分，每题2分）3．阅读理解（20分，每题2分）4．翻译（15分，每题3分）5．写作（15分）I. Vocabulary and StructureDirections: Beneath each of the following are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.（每小题2分，共30分）1. Production grew soon after the new scientific management_____________ our plant.A. was given toB. was introduced toC. was put intoD. was placed in2. Keep an eye on him. He looks __________. Maybe he is a spy.A. upsetB. worriedC. dishonestD. suspicious3. You’d better take a n umbrella with you, for it’s raining__________ outside.A. heavilyB. badlyC. hardlyD. heavy4. Boys are very much ____________at the English class.A. in the memoryB. in a hurryC. in the minorityD. in danger5. Their grandson died of a ___________ illness.A. secretB. mysteriousC. closeD. confidential6. Imagine what it__________ in a world without colors.A. likesB. is likeC. soundsD. looks7. I’m prepared to ____________ it for the time being.A. put up withB. put up toC. put upD. put with8. All the difficulties an d hardships didn’t _________with their project.A. keep them carrying onB. keep them from carryingC. keep them from carrying onD. keep from carrying on9. On __________side of the road flags are fluttering in the wind.A. bothB. neitherC. anyD. either10. When it _______ music, I am completely at sea.A. comes atB. comes aboutC. comes toD. comes across1-5:B D A C B 6-10: B A C D C11. Mr. Johnson _______ a teacher who had done similar projects in the same field.A. dealt withB. told offC. led toD. told of12. He admitted _____ the money.A. takenB. takingC. takeD. to13. My bicycle ______ so I had to go to school by bus.A. broke downB. broke upC. fell downD. fell off14. It would be appreciated if you _____ the payment terms by fax tomorrow.A. considerB. confirmC. convinceD. draft15. _______, the chances of winning the lottery are very small.A. On purposeB. In turnC. In realityD. With pleasure16. You’d rather work than play, ______?A. do youB. wouldn’t youC. would youD. don’t you17. It’s better to ______ schoolchildren by feeding them good food.A. noticeB. neglectC. witnessD. nourish18. If I ___a bird , I ___ fly to you.A. were ,shallB. were , wouldC. am , shallD. was ,would11-18: D B A B C B D B19. Susan called her sled team to a quick halt in the of night, and they couldn't see where the strange voice came from.A. redB. blackC. angerD. shade20. A big guy stood the doorway, so it was impossible for him to get through the door.A. hidingB. preventingC. blockingD. entering21. I three miles when I a pain in my side.A. haven't even gone; gotB. hadn't even gone; gotC. had even gone; gotD. haven't gone; have got22. Again Butcher approached the moose,her ax.A. swingingB. swungC. to swingD. swing23. All the world is three parts – finger-feeders, chopstick-feeders, and fork-feeders.A. fall intoB. separate fromC. broken upD. divided into24. We want especially to thank the friends who gave us encouragement.A. numerousB. nutritiousC. ridiculousD. anxious25. Until fairly recently, the fork in Europe.A. has not completely acceptedB. is completely not acceptedC. didn't completely acceptD. was not completely accepted26. I meet Richard in the library last week.A. applied toB. occurred toC. attached toD. happened to27. Sometimes during banquets, snakes would glide over the tables and among the guests whoA. eatB. have eatenC. ateD. were eating28. She developed a for the natural world, for birds, for mountains, for rivers.A. pastureB. passage29. patience D. passion19--29: B C B A D A D D D D30. Susan called her sled team to a quick halt in the（）of night, and they couldn't see where the strange voice came from.A. redB. blackC. angerD. shade31. A big guy stood（）the doorway, so it was impossible for him to get through the door.A. hidingB. preventingC. blockingD. entering32. All the world is（）three parts –finger-feeders, chopstick-feeders, and fork-feeders.A. fall intoB. separate fromC. broken upD. divided into33. Until fairly recently, the fork（）in Europe.A. has not completely acceptedB. is completely not acceptedC. didn't completely acceptD. was not completely accepted34. I（）meet Richard in the library last week.A. applied toB. occurred toC. attached toD. happened to35. （）a man, holding the bear with a long leash.A. Following would be behindB. Would be following behindC. Behind following would beD. Following behind would be36. The meeting was（）to discuss the issue of how to protect the natural environment in the area.A. shoutedB. calledC. caredD. taken37. They are the sort of friends who are so close they（）each other with their lives.A. dependB. forgiveC. trustD. believe38. When it was all over, both men spoke as if there（）a serious problem.A. hadn't beenB. isn'tC. haven't beenD. wasn't39. Until fairly recently, the fork（）in Europe.A. has not completely acceptedB. is completely not acceptedC. didn’t completely acceptD. was not completely accepted40. The word laser（）"light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation".A. stand byB. stands forC. stand inD. stand out30-40:B C D D D D B C A D BII. Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.（每小题2分，共20分）III. Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.（每小题2分，共20分）Passage A:Wouldn’t it be wonderful if we all could work at any time of day? Now several businesses are experimenting with a more flexible work schedule for their employees. It seems to be successful: Both late sleepers and early risers find the fixed hours of a nine- to- five workday a problem. Now there is an answer that seems to please them both. Employees of over 500 businesses, organizations and government agencies in the United States are adapting their work hours to suit their individual needs. It’s called “flexible time” (flextime) and it means, for example, that employees can start working at any time during the first three hours their office is open and leave after completing their required daily working time, which is normally eight hours, Early risers can begin work at seven a.m., finish at three and still have daylight time for shopping, picking up children at school, or recreation. Late sleepers need not report for work until 10 a.m. -----but they must stay on their job until six in the evening.Says a Boston, Massachusetts, band official: “Our employees like the system, and tardiness has been virtually eliminated. Fewer people are absent, turnover(人员调整)has dropped markedly, and productivity and morale have risen. I wouldn’t be surprised if most businesses adopt flexible work hours in the near future.”1.Workers who either enjoy sleeping late or rising early react in what way to a flexible workhour schedule?_____.A. DepressinglyB. AngrilyC. HappilyD. Disappointedly2. How much time do workers have to start work?______.A. Half an hourB. Three hoursC. Five hoursD. Six hours3. The normal American work day schedule is ______.A. eight hoursB. five hoursC. six and one half hoursD. seven hours4. What is one of the benefits of the flexible work schedule?______.A. The time passes by more quicklyB. There is more time for lunchC. Hardly anyone is ever late for workD. There is enough time for both work and play5. What is the earliest possible time someone can get out of work on eight hour schedule?A. 2:30 p.m.B. 1:00 p.m.C. 3:00 p.m.D. 3:30 p.m.1-5: C B A C CPassage B:Intelligent young people want to go to university, and it is logical for a country to provide university places for then toensure that there will be good-trained men and women to run the Government and industry in the future.. So in the 1960s the Government set up a number of new universities in Britain to give everyone with sufficient opportunity to study. But now something has gone wrong. There is still fierce competition to go to university to study arts subjects, but many places for scientists are not taken up.The new university concentrated on science because it seemed practical. They developed new courses so as not to imitate traditional university education. Why have their calculations proved wrong? One reason is that a lot of young people can get enough qualifications to work in industry by going to technical school. They think university courses are too long and too theoretical. But this does not explain why the majority of students still prefer arts subjects to science subjects.1.What is “logical” according to the first paragraph of the passage?A ) Intelligent young people want to go to university .B) The government should set up universities to train young people for the country.C) People who run the country should be well-trained.D) University is the place to train young men and women.2. What makes the new universities different from the traditional ones?A) There are more science subjects in them.B) There are more art students in them.C) Their curriculum is more scientifically planned.D) There are equipped with more modern facilities.3. What does “their calculations” (Line2, Para.2) refer to?A) Their plan to defeat the traditional university education.B) Their calculation of how many students study science and how many students study arts atpresent.C) Their thought that science is practical.D) Their assumption that people are willing to study the practical science subjects in heuniversities.4. Which of the following shows the advantage of technical schools over universities correctly?A) They have more qualified teachers.B) They have more qualified courses.C) The students can be qualified to work within a short time.D) If the students get qualification in technical schools, they are more well-received by industry.5. Why does the majority of the students prefer to study arts in university?A) The reason is not clear.B) The science courses in university are too theoretical.C) Arts sound nobler than science.D) The curriculum of science course is not well-arranged.1-5: B A D C APassage C:There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities ofspelling?If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher's interest, clearly a bright childwill be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That's why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionariesand pay attention to content rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors andyour writing is illegible.” It may have been a sharp criticis m for the pupil's technical abilities. in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay. If his priorities had centered on the child's ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.1. Teachers differ in their opinions about.A. the difficulties in teaching spellingB. the role of spelling in general language developmentC. the complexities of the basic writing skillsD. the necessity of teaching spelling2. The expression “play safe” probably means.A. to write carefullyB. to do as teachers sayC. to use dictionaries frequentlyD. to avoid using words one is not sure of3. Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that .A. students will be able to express their ideas more freelyB. teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakesC. students will have more confidence in writingD. students will learn to be independent of teachers4. The author seems to think that the teacher's judgment on that sensitive piece of writing is.A. reasonableB. unfairC. foolishD. careless5. The major point discussed in the passage is.A. the importance of developing writing skillsB. the complexities of spellingC. the correct way of marking compositionsD. the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition1—5：B D A B DPassage D:Everyone has heard of the San Andreas Fault, which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, and all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings in the area were almost destroyed. Whole forests fell at once, and huge cracks opened in the ground, allowing smell of sulfur to filter upward.The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools. Several times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards. Few people were killed inthe New Madrid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of earthquake is shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks were stopped in Washington, D.C.Scientists now know that America’s two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the movement of these two masses suddenly lurches （突然倾斜；东倒西歪地前进）forward.The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; at some point, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions trigger earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern Illinois.Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes inthe area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but scientists say there is no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur.1. This passage is mainly about（）.A. the New Madrid fault in MissouriB. the San Andreas and the New Madrid faultsC. the causes of faultsD. current scientific knowledge about faults2. The New Madrid fault is（）.A. a horizontal faultB. a vertical faultC. a more serious fault than the San Andreas faultD. responsible for forming the Mississippi River3. We may conclude from the passage that（）.A. it is probably as dangerous to live in Missouri as in CaliforniaB. the New Madrid fault will eventually develop a mountain range in MissouriC. California will become an island in futureD. A big earthquake will occur to California soon4. This passage implies that（）.A. horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faultsB. Vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faultsC. Earthquakes occur only around fault areasD. California will break into pieces by an eventual earthquake5. As used in the first sentence of the fourth paragraph, the word “essentially” means( ).A. greatlyB. extremelyC. basicallyD. necessarily.A B A C CIV. Directions:Put each of the following sentences into English or Chinese, using the word given in the bracket if any. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.（每小题3分，共15分）1. If one falls, the other is there to catch him. If one needs a lift over some obstacle that seemsimpossible to get beyond, the other won’t leave until the obstacle is conquered.如果一个人失足落下山崖,另外的一为位一定会在那里将他抓住救起;如果一个人遇到了似乎是不可逾越的障碍,另外的一位不克服障碍决不抛弃朋友不管。