上海师范大学研究生学位课程试卷
上海师范大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题
上海师范大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题专业名称语言学及应用语言学（050102）科目名称（代码）现代汉语（629）（注意：答案必须写在统一印制的答题纸上，否则不给分）一、填充题（20分，每空1分）01、现代汉语语法方面的主要特点为：（1），（2），（3）。
02、学习声母的发音就是学习（4）的发音，形成阻碍的部分在语音学上称为（5），形成阻碍和克服阻碍的方式称为（6）。
03、韵母a描述为（7），ê描述为（8），ü描述为（9）。
04、语音教学的基本原则除了“集中教学和长期训练相结合”、“音素教学和语流教学相结合”以外，还有（10），（11）。
05、现代汉字的形体从使用手段看，可以分为印刷体和（12）两大类。
印刷体的字体除了宋体、黑体外，还有（13）等，字号是（14）大小的编号。
06、合成词的构词成分可以分为词根和（15）两类。
词根是合成词的主要组成部分，它往往表示一定的（16），由两个或两个以上词根构成的合成词，叫（17）。
07、成语大多数是由四个音节构成，其内部结构关系则是多种多样的。
例如“刻骨铭心”是（18），“迫在眉睫”是（19），“衣冠楚楚”是（20）。
二、多项选择题（20分，每题2分）08、下列有关普通话声韵配合不正确的说法是（）。
A、声母b可以和四呼相拼B、声母n可以和四呼相拼C、声母j可以和齐齿呼、合口呼相拼D、声母zh可以和开口呼、齐齿呼相拼E、声母d可以和四呼相拼09、下列韵母中属于中响复韵母的是（）。
A、iaoB、ianC、uaiD、uenE、iou10、下列各组韵母中只有韵头和韵腹的是（）。
A、ao、ouB、ua、ieC、uo、iaD、ie、iuE、ei、uo11、下列五组字中笔画数相同的是（）。
A、凹、讯、册B、制、但、冠C、鼎、湛、葛D、书、为、韦E、案、烟、放12、下列成语中有错别字的是（）。
A、千钧一发B、认识浮浅C、脍灸人口D、走头无路E、草管人命13、下列双音节词中属于连绵词的是（）。
上海师范大学历年教育硕士333真题汇编(完整资料).doc
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】上海师范大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业教育学硕士考试科目及代码教育综合333一、名词解释（每小题5分，共30分）1.教育目的2.教学3.京师大学堂4.苏格拉底方法5.五育方针6.德育过程二、简答（每小题10分，共40分）1.教学评价的原则2.董仲舒的三大文教政策3.洛克的绅士教育思想4.问题的性质，问题分为几种？三、论述（每小题20分，共80分）1.结合课程改革，探讨教师专业素养的问题。
2.评述陶行知生活教育思想体系。
3.论述赫尔巴特的教育思想，分析优点和局限性。
4.结合韦纳的三个维度，对考试成功和考试失败进行归因分析，要涉及后续行为上海师范大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业教育学硕士考试科目及代码教育综合333一、名词解释（每小题5分，共30分）1、元认知2、苏格拉底法3、教育制度4、教育性教学5、德育过程二、简答（每小题10分，共40分）1、简述教师劳动的特点2、简述自然主义3、简述学记的主要内容4、问题的性质，问题分为几种？举例说明三、论述（每小题20分，共80分）1、巴尔赫特教育思想2、五育并举3、陈述性知识和程序性知识上海师范大学2014年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业教育学硕士考试科目及代码教育综合333 一、名词解释（每小题5分，共30分）1、课程标准2、教育目的3、学校管理4、多元智力理论5、骑士教育6、京师同文馆二、简答题（每小题10分，共40分）1、科尔伯格道德发展理论2、教育怎么体现社会流动功能3、教师的专业素养4、百日维新的改革三、论述题（每小题20分，共80分）1、卢梭自然教育理论2、科举制及影响3、陈述性知识和程序性知识的比较4、举例说明“理论联系实际”的教育原则上海师范大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业教育学硕士考试科目及代码教育综合333一、名词解释（每小题5分，共30分）1、学校管理目标2、教育评价3、课程方案4、德育5、稷下学宫6、三艺二、简答题（每小题10分，共40分）1、掌握知识与发展智力的关系2、教育如何体现其文化功能3、卢梭自然教育思想理论4、维果斯基“最近发展区”概念三、论述题（每小题20分，共80分）1、结合实际，分析教师角色冲突及其解决办法2、张之洞“中体西用”教学思想的历史作用与局限性3、赫尔巴特教学思想的教育贡献及其局限性4、分析比较流体智力与晶体智力及其对教育的启示上海师范大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业教育学硕士考试科目及代码教育综合333一、名词解释（每小题5分，共30分）1、负强化2、学校教育制度3、稷下学宫4、课程设计5、苏格拉底法6、德育过程二、简答题（每小题10分，共40分）1、简述卢梭的主要教育思想2、教师的劳动有哪些价值？3、简述教育的生态功能4、简述“最近发展区”的教育意义三、论述（每小题20分，共80分）1、评述杜威实用主义教育的主要思想2、评述蔡元培的“五育并举”教育思想3、结合实例论述传授/接受学习的主要过程4、建构主义评述（可举个例子，也可两者对比）上海师范大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业教育学硕士考试科目及代码教育综合333一、名词解释（每小题5分，共30分）1、课程标准2、教学方法3、苏格拉底法4、学校管理目标5、稷下学宫6、教育制度二、简答（每小题10分，共40分）1、举例说明教师主导性与学生主动性的关系2、简述教师的专业素养3、列举中国古代最著名的五大书院4、简述教育影响的一致性与连贯性三、论述（每小题20分，共80分）1、论述先行组织者及其在学习中的运用2、论述赫尔巴特的教育思想及其历史作用与局限性3、论述建构主义中的教学观，学生观，知识观4、论述张之洞“中体西用”的教育思想及其历史局限上海师范大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业教育学硕士考试科目及代码教育综合333一、名词解释（每小题5分，共30分）1、教学过程2、德育过程3、教育制度4、苏格拉底教学法5、京师同文馆6、卢梭自然主义二、简答题（每小题10分，共40分）1、简述学校心理健康教育的途径2、简述班级授课制的优缺点3、简述遗传素质在人的发展中的作用4、简述卢梭的自然教育理论三、论述（每小题20分，共80分）1、评述蔡元培五育并举的教育思想2、结合实例说明和评价班主任工作的内容和方法3、结合实例说明学习动机的实质及其在学生学习中的重要作用4、评述赫尔巴特的教学理论。
上海师范大学历年教育硕士真题汇编
２、科举制及影响
3、陈述性知识和程序性知识的比较
4、举例说明“理论联系实际”的教育原则
上海师范大学
20１5年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷
报考专业教育学硕士
考试科目及代码教育综合33３
一、名词解释(每小题5分,共3０分）
１、学校管理目标
2、教育评价
3、课程方案
4、德育
5、稷下学宫
２、教师的劳动有哪些价值？
3、简述教育的生态功能
4、简述“最近发展区”的教育意义
三、论述（每小题20分，共80分）
1、评述杜威实用主义教育的主要思想
2、评述蔡元培的“五育并举”教育思想
3、结合实例论述传授/接受学习的主要过程
4、建构主义评述(可举个例子，也可两者对比)
上海师范大学
2０1７年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷
5、德育过程
二、简答（每小题１0分,共40分）
1、简述教师劳动的特点
2、简述自然主义
3、简述学记的主要内容
4、问题的性质，问题分为几种?举例说明
三、论述（每小题２0分,共80分）
1、巴尔赫特教育思想
2、五育并举
3、陈述性知识和程序性知识
上海师范大学
2０14年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷
报考专业教育学硕士
上海师范大学历年教育硕士真题汇编
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上海师范大学
2012年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷
报考专业教育学硕士
考试科目及代码教育综合３3３
一、名词解释（每小题5分，共３0分）
上海师范大学学科教学(英语)真题
由于在论坛说要免费把自己的资料扫描送给大家，结果得罪了小人，断了他们的财路，安全起见，重新注册，放资料！！！应用语言学（他们在职硕士有个讲义，我会传上来大家分享，145M，崩溃了，没法弄，稍后115盘给大家）考了131ONE: Give the definition of the followingterms1. LAD2. Behaviourist Psychology3. Humanistic Approach4. Communicative Competence5. Contrastive AnalysisTWO: Explain the following terms13*51. Prescriptive Linguistics and DescriptiveLinguistics2. Parol and Langue3. Inter/Intralingual4. Situational Teaching Method and Suggestpia（这个单词想不起来了，抱歉）5. TEFL and TESLTHREE: Answer the following questions 30*21. Properties of language and itsimplication to teaching2. Three dimensions of English test(Validity, Reliability and Practicality)333教育综合（大家用论坛的大纲解析就行，还有各校历年真题）考了129第一部分：解释术语1、教育目的2、苏格拉底法3、教学4、京师同文馆5、德育过程6、五育方针第二部分：简答1、教学评价的原则2、董仲舒三大文教政策3、绅士教育的主要观点4、问题的性质，问题分为几种？第三部分：解析1、巴尔赫特教育思想2、陶行知生活教育3、教师的素养4、归因理论总分150分某些人复印装订就卖好几百，真无耻。
2017年上海师范大学考研教育硕士(Ed.M)教育综合真题试卷(题后含答
2017年上海师范大学考研教育硕士（Ed.M）教育综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 名词解释题 2. 简答题 3. 论述题1．课程目标正确答案：课程目标是指课程本身要实现的具体目标和意图。
它规定了某一教育阶段的学生通过课程学习后，在发展品德、智力、体质等方面期望实现的程度，它是确定课程内容、教学目标和教学方法的基础。
一个完整的课程目标应包含4个要素：行为主体(audience)、行为动词(behavior)、行为条件(condition)和表现程度(degree)，简称ABCD形式。
2．教学方法正确答案：教学方法是教师和学生为了实现共同的教学目标，完成共同的教学任务，在教学过程中运用的方式与手段的总称。
教学方法要服务于教学目的和教学任务的要求；教学方法是师生双方共同完成教学活动内容的手段；教学方法是教学活动中师生双方行为体系。
3．教育制度正确答案：教育制度是指一个国家各级各类教育机构与组织的体系及其管理规则。
它包括相互联系的两个基本方面：一是各级各类教育机构与组织的体系；二是教育机构与组织体系赖以存在和运行的一套规则，如各种各样的教育法律、法规、条例等。
在教育学中，教育制度通常只论述教育的各种施教机构与组织构成的系统，它既包括学校教育机构与组织，也包括幼儿教育机构与组织、校外儿童教育机构与组织、成人教育机构与组织等。
4．学校管理目标正确答案：学校管理目标是学校管理主体进行管理活动所要达到的状态、标准、结果。
换言之，就是学校管理者通过实施一系列的管理职能，希望把学校办成什么样子，沿着什么轨道发展，最终达到什么规格要求。
学校管理目标在学校管理活动中占据重要地位，它既是学校管理活动的指南，也是衡量学校管理工作好坏的标尺。
5．苏格拉底法正确答案：所谓的“苏格拉底法”就是一种对话式教学方法，它并不是把学生所应知道的原理直接教给学生，而是从学生所熟知的具体事物开始，通过师生间的对话、提问和讨论等方式来揭示学生认识中的矛盾，刺激学生在教师帮助下寻找正确答案，使其得出正确的原理。
上海师范大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题及答案
上海师范大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目名称（代码）：汉语基础（354）一汉语言学基础知识（80）一．填空题（每小题1分，共30分）1.现代汉语普通话以__________为基础方言。
2.与英语等印欧语系相比，汉语在语法上缺乏形态变化，_______虚词是主要的表现语法意义的手段。
3.现代汉语方言中，上海话属_______方言。
4.南方方言内部分歧最大的方言是_____________。
5.发音部位通常是指____________________________________________。
6.普通话声母zh ch sh r从发音部位上看属于_______________________。
7.语言中最小的语言单位是_______________。
8.现代汉语普通话有_________个单元音韵母。
9.普通话上声调的调值是_____________。
10.现代汉语普通话的韵母从结构上分析可以有__________________________。
11.汉语和古埃及的圣书字，古美索不达米亚的楔形文字是_________________。
12.《现代汉语常用字表》规定的常用字总数是____________________。
13.汉语在历史上曾被____________________使用，现在他们还在使用部分汉字。
14.汉字统一以后所使用的字体是_______，而现在所使用的标准字体是楷体。
15.语素是语言中最小的_____________________________。
16.前后都有停顿，有特定语调并且表达相对完整意义的语言单位是_______。
17.单纯词就是__________________,有连绵词，叠音词和拟声词等形式。
18.合成词有_________,附加式和重叠式三种。
19.能够独立成词也能够和其他语素组合成词的语素叫___________。
20.对同义词在用法上辨析，主要有两点，一是词的配合关系，二是_______。
上海师范大学学位英语试题
上海师范大学学位英语试题一、交际用语1. ----- Who's that speaking? ----- This is Tom _____________ . [单选题] *A. speaksB. spokenC. speaking(正确答案)D. saying2. Thanks for your help. [单选题] *A. My pleasure.(正确答案)B. Never mind.C. Quite right.D. Don't thank me.3. — Hello, I'm Harry Potter.—Hello, my name is Charles Green, but _______. [单选题] *A. call my Charles.B. call me at Charles.C. call Charles me.D. call me Charles.(正确答案)4. ----- It's rather cold in here. Do you mind if I close the window?----- ____________. [单选题] *A. Yes, please.B. No, go ahead.(正确答案)C. Sure, please.D. I don’t like it.答案解析：当前句问Do you mind 时，答句必须包含表否定的单词，如Of course not。
Surely not等5. Hi, Tom, how's everything with you? ________________, and how are you? [单选题] *A. Don’t mention itB. Hm. Not too bad.(正确答案)C. ThanksD. pretty fast6. That’s a beautiful dress you have on! _______________ [单选题] *A. Oh. thanks. I got it yesterday(正确答案)B. sorry. It’s too cheapC. You can have it.D. See you later.7. Why didn't you come to my birthday party yesterday? _______________ [单选题] *A. Excuse me, my friend sent me a flower.B. Fine, I never go to birthday parties.C. Ha--- ha, I don't like birthday parties.D. Sorry, but my wife had a car accident(正确答案)8. Hi, welcome back! Had a nice trip? _______________ [单选题] *A. Oh, fantastic! Fresh air, and sunshine every day.(正确答案)B. Come on, I've got lots of fun.C. By the way, I don't like Saturdays.D. Well, I'll look forward to your phone call.9. ----- _________________________.-----Well, they got there last Wednesday. So about a week. [单选题] *A. When did your parents arrive at Paris ?B. How long have your parents been in Paris ?(正确答案)C. Did your parents arrive at Paris last Wednesday?D. When will your parents go to Paris ?10. Marilyn, I'm afraid I have to be leaving now. _______________ [单选题] *A. That sounds wonderful.B. Oh, so early?(正确答案)C. Not at all.D. Good luck!二、词汇和语法11. When Lily came home at 5 p.m. yesterday, her mother _________ dinner in the kitchen. [单选题] *A. cookedB. was cooking(正确答案)C. cooksD. has cooked12. Did you notice the guy _________ head looked like a big potato? [单选题] *A. whoB. whichC. whose(正确答案)D. whom13. Both the kids and their parents _________ English, I think. I know it from their accent. [单选题] *A. isB. beenC. are(正确答案)D. was14. Never before _________ see such a terrible car accident on the road! [单选题] *A. I haveB. have IC.I didD. did I(正确答案)15. John's father _________ mathematics in this school ever since he graduated from Harvard University. [单选题] *A. taughtB. teachesC. has taught(正确答案)D. is teaching16. Every year thousands of lives _________ in road accidents because of careless driving. [单选题] *A. loseB. lostC. have lostD. are lost(正确答案)17. The young lady coming over to us _________ our English teacher; the way she walks tells us that! [单选题] *A. must be(正确答案)B. can beC. would beD. could be18. Had you come five minutes earlier, you _________ the train to Birmingham . But now you missed it. [单选题] *A. would catchB. would have caught(正确答案)C. could catchD. should catch19. Eggs, though rich in nourishments, have _________ of fat. [单选题] *A. a large numberB. the large numberC. a large amount(正确答案)D. the large amount20. No matter _________ , the little sisters managed to round the sheep up and drive them back home safely. [单选题] *A. it was snowing hardB. hard it was snowingC. how it was snowing hardD. how hard it was snowing(正确答案)21. Our English teacher told us to find out ____ the differences between American Engli sh and British English lie. [单选题] *A．where(正确答案)B．howC．whatD．which22. I can never forget the days____we spent together in the summer camp. -Well, especially the day _____it suddenly began to rain in the middle of the night. [单选题] *A．when; whenB．which; when(正确答案)C．what; thatD．on which; when23. With his work completed, the manager stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased___________ he was a man of action. [单选题] *A. whichB. that(正确答案)C. whatD. whether24. Many parents made ____ their daily routine to get out for a walk in the evening. [单选题] *A．it(正确答案)B．upC．thatD．what25. Today's weather is ___________ worse than yesterday's. [单选题] *A. veryB. much(正确答案)C. very muchD. much too26. It is said that ____________ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time, though others prefer basketball. [单选题] *A. quite a lotB. quite a few(正确答案)C. quite a bitD. quite a little27. ----- What's his mother like? ----- ________________________. [单选题] *A. She's very happyB. She's at homeC. She likes watching TVD. She's tall and thin(正确答案)28. The new order means ___________ overtime. [单选题] *A. worksB. workedC. to workD. working(正确答案)29. She has two best -friends. ___________ of them is in the country. [单选题] *A. AllB. BothC. NoneD. Neither(正确答案)30. I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I _______ to half a dozen other groups before. [单选题] *A. was givingB. am givingC. had given(正确答案)D. have given三、阅读理解Passage 1Is that 6 a.m. workout getting in the way of good sleep? Don’t think your fat cells won't notice. A new study published in The Annals of Internal Medicine (a medical journal) finds that inadequate shut-eye has a harmful effect on fat cells, reducing their ability to respond to insulin (胰岛素) by about 30 percent. Over the long-term, this decreased response could set the stage for type-2 diabetes (a medical condition in which someone has too much sugar in his or her blood), fatty liver disease and weight gain.The study adds to a growing body of evidence that there’s“an intimate relationship between the amount of sleep we get and our ability to maintain a good, healthy body weight”, says sleep expert Helene Emsellem, director of the Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders in Chevy Chase, Maryland. But Americans don’t seem to be getting the message that we need seven to nine hours of sleep per night. More than 1 in 5 of us, according to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is getting six or fewer hours of sleep per night, on average.So how did researchers study fat cells in the Annals paper? Matthew Brady of the University of Chicago and a group of colleagues selected and persuaded seven volunteers to take part in the research project. They were all young, thin and healthy and agreed to sleep for eight nights in a sleep lab. “For four nights they were allowed to stay in bed for 8.5 hours a night," says Brady. Then, a month later, they came back for four additional nights—but this time they were allowed just 4.5 hours of sleep per night. And after each visit, researchers got a sample of their fat. Brady explains that the fat cells responded significantly to the loss of sleep. “I was very surprised, to be honest," he says.Bad things can happen when fat cells become less responsive to insulin. “Fat cells are actually your friend, ” he says.“They’re there to store lipids(血脂).”When lipids stay inside the cells, your body can utilize the fat when you’re exercising or sleeping or goingabout your day. “However, when fat cells start to become insulin resistant, the lipids start to leach out of the fat cells and rise in the bloodstream,” Brady says.31. According to the passage, lack of the sleep for a long while can probably lead to all of the following EXCEPT______. [单选题] *A. heart disease(正确答案)B. weight gainC. diabetesD. liver disease32. The main idea of the third paragraph is______. [单选题] *A. how to write a medical research paperB. how to avoid sleep lossC. how the research was conducted(正确答案)D. how to conduct a medical experiment33. What does the word “leach” in the last paragraph probably mean? [单选题] *A. LeapB. Lead.C. Lead.D. Leak.(正确答案)34. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? [单选题] *A. We will be in trouble if our fat cells become less responsive to insulin.B. More and more studies are done to study the link between sleep and weight.(正确答案)C. More than 20% of Americans are not getting enough sleep.D. Fat cells are there to help us maintain a good health.35. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage? [单选题] *A. Poor Sleep May Lead to Too Much Stored Fat and Disease(正确答案)B. Sleep Experts Had Exciting Findings in a Fat StudyC. Americans Should Have More Than Six Hours of SleepD. Bad Things Happen if Fat Cells Become Our FriendPassage 2 [单选题] *In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it’s a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.(正确答案)In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from different cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person, who is 5 minutes late, will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence. (260 words)36. What is the main idea of this passage? [单选题] *A. I t is not customary to telephone someone in the morning and in sleeping hours in the U.S.B. The role of time in social life over the world.(正确答案)C. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible in the U.S.D. Not every country treats the concept of time as the same.37. What does it mean in the passage if you call someone during his or her sleeping hours? [单选题] *A. A matter of work.B. A matter of life or death.(正确答案)C. You want to see him or her.D. You want to make an appointment with him or her.38. Which of the following time is proper if you want to make an appointment with your friend in the U.S.A.? [单选题] *A. at 7:00 am.B. at 4:00 pm.(正确答案)C. at the midnightD. at 4:00 am39. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? [单选题] *A. In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.B. There is no misunderstanding arising between people from different cultures about the concept of time.C. It may be considered foolish to make an appointment well in advance in the U.S.A.D. Promptness is valued highly in American life.(正确答案)40. From the passage we can safely infer that _________________. [单选题] *A. it’s a matter of life or death if you call someone in day timeB. the meaning of time differs in different parts of the world(正确答案)C. it makes no difference in the U.S. whether you are early or late for a business partyD. if a person is late for a date, he needn’t make some explanationPassage 3 [单选题] *Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed(紧抱的) flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages, I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic.(正确答案) Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door , but I do have a crystal-clear memory of dogs, the farm animals, the local birds and above all, the insects.I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil, reading about other people's observations and discoveries . Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle(谜)，because it all seems to fit together. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honor with the title of scientific research.But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist; one of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of born worlds.41. According to the author , a born naturalist should first of all be _____ [单选题] *A. full of enthusiasm(正确答案)B. self-disciplinedC. full of ambitionD. knowledgeable42. The first paragraph tells us that the author _____ [单选题] *A. lost his hearing when he was a childB. didn't like his brothers and sistersC. was born to a naturalist's familyD. was interested in flowers an insects in his childhood(正确答案)43. The author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he _____ [单选题] *A. just reads about other people’s observations and discoveriesB. comes up with solutions in most natural waysC. has a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmeticD. lacks some of the qualities required of scientist(正确答案)44. The author can't remember his relatives clearly because_____. [单选题] *A. he was fully occupied with observing nature(正确答案)B. he didn't live very long with themC. the family was extremely largeD. he was too young when he lived with them45. Which of the following statement is true? [单选题] *A. The author believes that a born naturalist cannot be a scientist.B. The author's brothers and sisters were good at music and languages.(正确答案)C. The author read a lot of books about the natural world and the oil industry.D. The author spent a lot of time working on riddles.。
2013年上海师范大学考研教育硕士(Ed.M)教育综合真题试卷(题后含答
2013年上海师范大学考研教育硕士（Ed.M）教育综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 名词解释题 2. 简答题 3. 论述题1．教育目的正确答案：教育目的是指社会对教育所要造就的社会个体质量规格的设想或规定。
教育目的有广义和狭义之分，广义的教育目的是指人们对受教育者的期望；狭义的教育目的是国家对教育培养什么样人才的总要求。
历史上教育思想家对教育目的有不同论述，大致可分社会本位论和个人本位论两类。
从社会的需要来认定教育目的，是社会本位论；从个体发展来确定教育目的，是个人本位论。
教育目的对一切教育工作都有意义，教育目的是整个教育工作的方向，是一切教育工作的出发点，教育目的的实现是教育活动的归宿。
2．苏格拉底法正确答案：苏格拉底法是由古希腊哲学家和教育家苏格拉底在进行讲学的过程中形成的独特的师生之间的对话方法。
它实际上是一种归纳法，即通过归纳形成普遍概念的方法。
苏格拉底法主要由讥讽、助产术、归纳和下定义四个步骤组成，讥讽是就对方的问题不断提出追问，迫使对方陷入矛盾，承认自己的无知；助产术是帮助对方自己得出答案；归纳是从各种具体的事物中找出事物的共性，形成一般的概念；下定义就是把个别事物归人一般概念，得到关于事物的普遍概念。
这种方法的优点在于对话不是建立在教师对学生的强制性灌输上，而是建立在与学生的共同讨论上，从具体到抽象、从已知到未知的基础上，是通过不断提问诱导对方认识并承认自己的错误，自然而然地得到正确的结论，这有利于思维的训练和真理的发现。
但是这种方法只是特定历史条件的产物，不是万能的，只能在一定条件下和适度范围内作为参照，有其局限性。
3．教学正确答案：教学是指教育目的规范下的、教师的教与学生的学共同组成的一种教育活动，是学校进行全面发展教育的基本途径，是教师教、学生学的统一活动。
其特点为通过系统知识、技能的传授与掌握，促进学生身心发展。
教学的基本形式包括：课内、课外、班级、小组、个别化等。
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