词义的选择与引申

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词义的选择引申和褒贬

词义的选择引申和褒贬

2、将带有特征性形象的词译 成该形象所代表的属性的词。
整理ppt
1) Rich and powerful, he always goosesteps on the street.
整理ppt
1) Goosestep的原义是从名词 “鹅步、正步” 转化而来的动 词,根据上下文引申,译成: “他有钱有势,在街上总是耀 武扬威,横行霸道。”
整理ppt
2)He is in critical condition, see-sawing between life and death.
整理ppt
2) See-saw原义是“跷跷 板”,这里引申译为:他的病 况危急,时好时坏,在生死之 间徘徊。
整理ppt
(二)具体化引申
整理ppt
语时一般作具体化引申。
整理ppt
2)He is a Shylock!
整理ppt
2) Shylock是莎士比亚笔下 的人物,其人刻薄歹毒,故该 句引申译为:他凶险狡诈。
整理ppt
Every life has its roses and thorns.
整理ppt
这里把玫瑰和刺引申,译为: “每个人的生活有苦有甜。”
整理ppt
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2)他的学位成了他进入那家 公司获得高薪的敲门砖。
整理ppt
2. 英语中有些词在特定的上 下文中,含义是清楚的,但译 成汉语时还必须作具体化引申, 否则就不够清楚。
整理ppt
1) The car in front of me broke down and I missed the green.
整理ppt
She is a good Christian, a good parent, a good wife, a good daughter and a good teacher.

词义的选择、引申和褒贬

词义的选择、引申和褒贬

词义的选择、引申和褒贬一、词义的选择英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。

在英汉翻译过程中,我们弄清原句结构后就要善于选择和确定剧中关键词的词义。

选择和确定词义通常从以下两个方面着手:(一)根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义给出下列练习1.It is not right for children to sit up late.2.The plane was right above our heads.3.In the negative, right and left, and black and white are reversed.4.She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery.(二) 根据上下文联系以及词汇在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义给出下列练习Account for1.He is ill; that accounts for his absence.2.In this battle he accounted for the five of the enemy3.I want you to account for every cent you spent.Make up1.If the stove is not made up, it will go out.2.There is not any girl called Clementine. He is just made her up.3.Half the roads in the region are still to be made up.4.Society is made up of people with widely differing abilities.5.It took Laurence Oliver more than an hour to make up for the part of “Othello”6.They made up a bed on the sofa for the unexpected visitor.7.We have to drive fast to make up the hour we lost in Boston.Figure1.The foreign trade ha risen to unprecedented figures2.Dr. Eliot was one of the most revered figures in the world of learning.3.On the desk, there was a bronze figure of Plato.4.He saw dim figures moving towards him.5.June was good at figure skating.二、词义的引申英译汉时,有时会遇到某些词在英语词典上找不到适当的词义,如任意硬套或逐个死译,会是译文生硬晦涩,不能确切表达意愿,甚至造成误解。

词义的选择与引申

词义的选择与引申
学生2: 纤纤丽人,家住东方 婚定他人,即将拜堂 吾既闻之,百转愁肠 纤纤丽人,我心所向 丽人闻之,与我同伤 相约南墙,远走他方
飘逸版
• 我爱我的伊人,因为她美丽又动人;我恨 我的伊人,因为她已相许他人;我愿奉她 为完人,带她私奔离众人;她叫爱米莉真 醉人,家住东方羡煞旁人。
文言版
城东丽人兮,美名爱弥莉; 娇姿倾城兮,吾心之所系; 初既与余订婚兮,信誓而弃;
译文3: 我爱我的爱人,因为她很迷人;我恨我的爱人,因已许配他人; 她在我心中是美人,我带她私奔,以避开外人;她名叫虞美人, 是东方丽人。(张柏然)
I love my love with an E, because she's enticing; I hate her with an E, because she's engaged; I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement; her name's Emily, and she lives in the east.
词汇意义的七种类型
外延意义(概念意义)(denotative meaning ) 内涵意义(connotative meaning) 风格意义(stylistic meaning) 情感意义(affective meaning) 联想意义(reflective meaning) 搭配意义(collocative meaning) 主题意义(thematic meaning) --杰弗里 N 利奇 “semantics”
读书足以怡情, 足以博彩,足以 长才。其怡情也, 最见于独处幽居 之时;其博彩也, 最见于高谈阔论 之中;其长才也, 最见于处世判事 之际。

词义的选择、引申、褒贬

词义的选择、引申、褒贬

词义引申(具体——抽象)
Grey hair should be respected(synecdoche) The pen is mightier than the sword. (metonymy) The invention of machinery had brought into the world a new era---the Industrial Age. Money had become King. (metonymy) 机器的发明使世界进入到一个新纪元即工业时 代,金钱成了主宰一切的权威。 He is a rolling stone. I don’t think he can go far. 他是个见异思迁的人,我想他不会有多大出息。
三、词义的褒贬
有些词义是中立的,本身不表示褒义或者贬义, 但在一定的上下文中可能有褒贬的意味. demanding He found that being a CEO was a demanding job. 他发现当首席执行官是个费力的工作。 As a demanding boss, he expected total loyalty and dedication from his employers. 他是个苛刻的老板,要求手下的人对他忠心耿 耿,鞠躬尽瘁。
小结(summary)
词义的选择: 根据词性来选择词义(word meaning) 根据上下文来选择词义(context) 根据搭配关系来选择词义(collocation)
二、词义的引申(extension)
引申的方法:抽象化引申 & 具体化引申 抽象化引申:具体——抽象 Do you think this dictionary of English is the supreme court in all matters concerning English words? 你认为这本英语词典是英语词汇的权威词典吗? See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks was never distinct. 在那以后的四个星期内,消息时而部分有所好转,时而 又有点不妙,两种情况不断地交替出现,一直没有明朗 化。

词义选择和词义引申

词义选择和词义引申

词义选择和词义引申词义的选择和词义引申是翻译中最常用的翻译技巧。

其本身也是英语翻译中最基础的工作,准确把握词义,并在必要时加以适度的引申,是保证译文质量的前提和基础。

一方面,英语和汉语各自都有丰富的词汇,各自的词义又极其繁复;另一方面,这两种语言差异巨大,其词义关系错综复杂,往往难以找到词义完全对应的词。

如run堪称为典型的多义词。

在较大规模的词典里,其释义可达上百个之多。

譬如,《英汉大词典》在run条下一共提供了117个义项,包括不及物动词性34个,及物动词性40个,名词性38个,形容词性5个。

显然,其中许多义项,即使是那些属于动词性的,都不能用汉语的“跑”来对译。

例如:(1)London Transport run extra trains during the rush-hour. 伦敦运输公司在交通高峰时间增开加班列车。

(2)Election campaigns in Britain run for three weeks. 英国选举活动持续三周。

(3)The lease on my house has only a year to run. 我那房子的租期只有一年了。

(4)“Eight shot dead by gunmen”ran the newspaper headline.报纸标题为“枪手枪杀八人”。

(5)He has no idea of how to run a successful business. 他不知道把企业办好的方法。

(6)The dyes in this fabric are guaranteed not to run in washing. 这种织物所用染料保证不会在洗涤时渗化。

(7)The foreword of the book runs for six pages. 这本书的前言长达6页。

(8)Urban unemployment is running at 15 percent. 目前,城市失业率保持在15%。

week 7 第四章1词义的选择、引申和褒贬

week 7 第四章1词义的选择、引申和褒贬

轻音乐 轻微的损失 轻便的汽车 轻松的心情 轻快的脚步 轻浮的举止 轻巧的装备 轻松的工作 轻柔的声音
Reasons for using diction: Polysemy and different collocation
eat soup heavy rain
strong wind
black tea
第四章
第一节 词义的选择、引申和褒贬
一、词义的选译 Diction
By ―diction‖ we mean the proper
choice of words and phrases in
translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original.
brown sugar
strong tea prime time
喝汤 大雨 大风 红茶 红糖 浓茶 黄金时间
选择词义的要领
1. 根据词性选择词义
2. 根据上下文及逻辑关系选择词义 3. 根据搭配选择词义
1. 根据词性选择词义
Every penny I earned from the work was
词义的引申主要包括:
– 抽象化引申 – 具体化引申 – 典故的词义引申
2.1 抽象化引申
I was practically on my knees but he still
refused. 我几乎是苦苦哀求,但他依然拒绝。 The two sisters were usually in agreement on most issues, but they were at swords’ points on the matter of abortion. 在很多问题上姐妹俩的意见通常是一致的, 但在人工流产问题上,她们是有激烈争 执的。

词义的选择、引申和褒贬

词义的选择、引申和褒贬

Sharp 本义: 尖的,锋利的 本义: 尖的,
A sharp pin 尖利的大头针 A sharp knife 锋利的刀子 A sharp needle 尖细的针 A sharp sword 锋利的剑 敏锐的目光 灵敏的听觉 机灵的孩子 清晰的形象 鲜明的对比 眼睛鼻子很突出的人 剧痛 急转弯 激烈的斗争 犀利的语言 易怒的脾气 尖锐的批评 刺骨的严寒 刺鼻的气味 刺耳的声音
(二) 根据搭配
请让一让。 请让一让。 Excuse me. / Please let me pass. 她让我在雨里等了两个钟头。 她让我在雨里等了两个钟头。 She kept me waiting in the rain as long as two hours. 大夫让我卧床。 大夫让我卧床。 The doctor advised me to stay in bed. 他把客人让进来。 他把客人让进来。 He invites the guest in. 他是你弟弟,你该让着他点儿。 他是你弟弟,你该让着他点儿。 He is your brother. You should humor him a little. (迁就,迎合 迁就, 迁就 迎合) 店主让我父亲一天干16个小时的活。 店主让我父亲一天干 个小时的活。 个小时的活 The shop-owner made my father work 16 hours a day.
(二) 根据搭配
我可不吃这一套。 我可不吃这一套。 I won’t take all this lying down. 他要请我们吃馆子。 他要请我们吃馆子。 He is going to invite us out to dinner. 这种纸不吃墨水。 这种纸不吃墨水。 This kind of paper doesn’t absorb ink. 这件事你如果说出去,我叫你吃不了兜着走。 这件事你如果说出去,我叫你吃不了兜着走。 If you let this leak out, I’ll make you sorry for it. 只要技术好,到哪儿都吃得开。 只要技术好,到哪儿都吃得开。 A person who has expertise is welcome anywhere. 他在银行存款,吃利息。 他在银行存款,吃利息。 He deposits money in the bank to get interests.

3 词义的选择和引申

3 词义的选择和引申

请注意下列各组例句中base,power和 body等词的不同词义。 The lathe should be set on a firm base. 车床应安装在坚实的底座上。
As we all know, a base reacts with an acid to form a salt. 众所周知,碱与酸起反应生成盐。 A transistor has three electrodes, the emitter, the base and the collector. 晶体管有三个电极;即发射极、基极和集电极 Line AB is the base of the triangle ABC. AB线是三角形ABC的底边。 Mathematics is the base of all other sciences, and arithmetic, the science of numbers, is the base of mathematics. 数学是所有其他科学的基础,而算术,即数的 科学,则是数学的基础。
The earth goes round the sun. 地球环绕太阳运行。(介词) The tree measures forty inches round. 这棵树树围40英寸。(副词) Plastics was at first based on coal and wool. 最初塑料是从煤和木材中提取的。(动词) As we all know, a base reacts with an acid to form a salt. 众所周知,碱与酸起反应生成盐。(名词) Iron and brass are base metals. 铁和黄铜为非贵重金属。(形容词)
现在看下列几组例句,它们都说明确定词义时 应该做到词不离句,结合上下文进行推敲。 With a little reflection, it may be seen that light always travels in straight lines. 稍加思索,就能发现光总是沿着直线传播的。 Through reflection, it may be proved that always travels in straight lines. 通过反射作用,能够证明光总是沿着直线传播。 As we all know, alloys belong to a halfway house between mixtures and compounds. 众所周知,合金是一种介于混合物和化合物之间 的中间结构。 Uranium should be housed in safe. 铀必须封存在安全装置内。
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9). I have butterflies in my stomach. 10). When I heard the news my heart came into my mouth.
9). I have butterflies in my stomach. 译文一:我胃痛。 译文二:我有一种想呕吐的感觉。 译文三:我好紧张。 10). When I heard the news my heart came into my mouth. 译文一:当我听到这个消息时,我心都跳 出来了。 译文二:当我听到这个消息时,我很吃惊。 译文三:当我听到这个消息时,我吓死了。
6 )Every life has its roses and thorns.
6 )Every life has its roses and thorns. 译文一:生活中既有鲜花又有芒刺(荆 棘)。 译文二:每个人的生命都其玫瑰和刺。 译文三:生活总会跌荡起伏。(有平坦和 坎坷的时候) 译文四:人生总是有两面性的。
参考译文: 1. 我父亲是那家餐馆的常客, 那里所有的服 务员都认识他. 2. 请看一下上次会议的记录. 3. 在中国我们每到一个城市, 就逛大街, 逛 商店, 逛公园, 上剧院, 下饭馆.
练习分析
5). There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists.
参考译文: 5. 帝国主义者的性格既残暴, 又狡猾. 6.每个人的生活都是有甜有苦. 7. 我们都被他那种崇高的气质所打动了. . 10. 听到这个消息我吓得要命.
二 词义的引申
抽象化引申 (page 9-10) 具体化引申 (page10-11)
词义的选择与引申
1). These were all labeled as good eggs.
练习分析
1). These were all labeled as good eggs. 译文一:这些鸡蛋都被标上“新鲜鸡蛋”的标 签。 译文二:这些全部都是贴有好鸡蛋标签的。 译文三:这些带标签的鸡蛋都是新鲜的。

7). We were all greatly moved by his loftiness. 8). John’s lightheartedness, however, did not last long.
7). We were all greatly moved by his loftiness. 译文一:我们都为他的谦虚,深深地感动 了。 译文二:我们都被他高尚的情操感动了。 8). John’s lightheartedness, however, did not last long. 译文一:约翰无 忧无虑的生活不多了。 译文二:约翰的轻松心情不会持续太久。
4). … as it sometimes happens that a person departs his life, …who is a good Christian, a good parent, a good child, a good wife or a good husband; who actually does have a disconsolate family to mourn his loss; ……
Homework
1. All the people were exasperated by his fault-finding. 2. The dancing hall was filled with gaiety. 3. Smith was there but Jones turned his back on him. 4. I will break my neck to get this done by Friday, but I can’t promise for sure. 5.Man for the field and woman for the hearth; Man for the sword and for the needle she. Man with the head and woman with the heart; Man to command and woman to obey. ----Tenneyson
练习分析
5). There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists. (page 9 例2) 译文一:帝国主义者常常混有老虎和猿猴的 性格。 译文二:像老虎和猿一样凶狠就是帝国主义 者的特色。 译文三:帝国主义的特性是既有虎的残暴, 又有猿的狡猾。
参考译文: 1. 这些鸡蛋都贴有新鲜鸡蛋的标签. 2. 她是位举止得体的姑娘. 3. 有一次, 当他抱怨纳赛尔棋步难以捉摸时, 有人对他说, 纳赛尔是个高明的棋手. 4. …偶尔也有人去世…这个人真的是虔诚 的教徒, 慈爱的父母, 孝顺的儿女, 贤良 的妻子, 尽职的丈夫, 他们家里的人也的确 是哀思绵绵地追悼他们.
2). She was a girl with good manners.
2). She was a girl with good manners. 译文一:她是一个很有礼貌的女孩。 译文二:她是一个脾气很好的女孩。 译文三:她是一个有修养的女孩。 译文四:她是一个举止优雅的女孩。
3). He was told, when complaining that he could not follow Nasser’s moves, that Nasser was a good chess player.
3). He was told, when complaining that he could not follow Nasser’s moves, that Nasser was a good chess player. 译文一:当他抱怨自己不能跟上Nasser的 步伐(脚步,速度)的时候,他才知道 Nasser是一个好象棋手。 译文二:抱怨不能跟随Nasser的动作时, 他才被告知Nasser是一个顶尖的象棋手。
一 词义的选择: 语法词义,语境词义,搭配词义 例: 1. My father is a regular in that restaurant, and all of the waiters know him.(page 6 例3) 2. Please take a look at the minutes of the previous meeting.( page 7 例2 ) 3. In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres and restaurants.
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