-ing 和-ed分词

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动词-ed和动词-ing用法怎么用

动词-ed和动词-ing用法怎么用动词-ed和动词-ing用法怎么用1、定义动词-ed和动词-ing形式常称作分词。

他们既有动词的特征，又有形容词和副词的特征，在英语中可以作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。

2、构成(1)规则的动词后+ed构成动词-ed形式，不规则的需要记忆。

动词-ed形式没有一般式和完成式、主动语态和被动语态的变化。

(2)动词-ing形式有一般式和完成式、主动语态和被动语态区别。

下列以及物动词write和不及物动词go列表示例：writego主动被动动词-ing一般式 writing being written going动词-ing完成式 having written having been written动词-ed written gone3、用法(1)作定语单个的分词作定语，一般置于所修饰的词前;分词短语作定语置于所修饰的词后，相当于一个定语从句。

如：Many excited people wanted to travel on the underground.许多兴奋的人们想乘地铁旅行。

The countries you referred to just now belong to developing countries.你刚才提到的那些国家属于发展中国家。

People developed a kind of paper made from the fibers of plants.=People developed a kind of paper which/that was madefrom the fibers of plants.人们研制出一种用植物纤维制成的纸。

The houses being built are for the teachers.=The houses which/that are being built are for the teachers.正在(被)建的那些房子是给老师们的。

3__-ing分词_ed-分词

School of Foreign Studies
-ing 分词和-ed 分词

1、主语注意：此时，主语和表语要同时采用-ING分词或同时采用不定式形式，即平行结构，否则被认为不正确。但在动词 seem, prove, appear后面，通常只跟to be。 Climbing the mountain seems to be hopeless, for it’s raining hard. 用it 作形式主语， -ING分词用在下列结构中： It is/was + 特定adj. / n. + -ing分词 Adj. : nice, better, foolish, enjoyable, fun, good, useless n. : any /some/no good, any /some /no use, a waste of time Is it any good trying to explain? It’s no use crying over spilt milk. .

(5) begin, start 下列情况只能用to do 作宾语 begin, start 本身为进行体： I was beginning to get angry. 如所接动词为表示心理活动的动词，如 understand, realize, know等。 They began to realize what she really want. 如所接动词后又要加不定式，则前一动词用ING分词，以避免重复。 They began deciding to do….

1.有明显的先后 Having noted down our names and addresses, the policeman dismissed us. I was unable to go with you, having promised to accompany my girlfriend to the concert. 2. 无明显的先后 Locking the door, he went home. Hearing the joke, we burst out laughing. 比较： Finding the door locked, I went home. （时间） I went home, finding the door locked. （结果）分词动作晚于谓语动作，此时分词短语要置于句末。

动词分词变化规则

动词分词变化规则动词分词有两种形式：现在分词（-ing）和过去分词（-ed）。

它们的变化规则如下：现在分词：- 一般情况下，在动词原形后面加上 -ing。

例如：walk → walking，eat → eating，talk → talking- 以不发音辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，先将 y 变成 i 再加 -ing。

例如：carry → carrying，study → studying，fly → flying- 以“辅音字母 + 元音字母 + 辅音字母”结尾的动词，双写结尾的辅音字母再加 -ing。

例如：stop → stopping，commit → committing，forget → forgetting- 有些动词形式会改变，变化规则不一定相同，如：begin → beginning，go → going，lie → lying，see → seeing过去分词：- 一般情况下，在动词原形后面加上 -ed。

例如：talk → talked，listen → listened，play → played- 以不发音辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，先将 y 变成 i 再加 -ed。

例如：carry → carried，study → studied，fly → flown- 以“辅音字母 + 元音字母 + 辅音字母”结尾的动词，双写结尾的辅音字母再加 -ed。

例如：stop → stopped，commit → committed，forget → forgotten- 有些动词的过去分词形式与原形相同，如：bet → bet，cut → cut，put → put。

形容词比较级、-ing形式、-ed形式规则与用法

形容词比较级、-ing形式（现在进行时）、-ed形式（一般过去时）规则与用法不规则形容词比较等级的形式变化good-----better------best 好的well------better------best 身体好的bad------worse------worst 坏的ill--------worse-------worst 病的many--------more------most 许多much------more--------most 许多few------less-------least 少数几个little-------less------least 少数一点儿far------further------furthest 更进一步，程度far------farther------farthest 更远，路程old-------older------oldest 年老的（指年纪）old------elder-------eldest 年老的（指兄弟姐妹的排行）规则变化单音节词（只读一个元音，两个辅音间有多个元音也读成一个元音）和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。

1.一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est。

great(巨大的) greater greatest tall(高的) taller tallest2.以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st。

nice(好的) nicer nicest large(大的) larger largest able（有能力的) abler ablest3.以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est。

big(大的) bigger biggest hot热的) hotter hottest4."以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est。

不定式-ing分词和ed分词间的关系

语法结构- 不定式、-ing分词和-ed分词三者间的关系一、动词不定式与-ING分词的区别1. 作宾语时，-ING分词表示抽象的、一般性或习惯性的和连续性的动作，而不定式则表示某次具体动作，特别是将来的动作1) The school cannot tolerate on exams.［A］cheating［B］to cheat［C］be cheated［D］being cheated2) News of success keeps in.［A］pouring［B］to pour［C］poured［D］to be pouring3) Long ［A］before the dawn ［B］of recorded ［C］history, humans celebrated to harvest ［D］their crops.2. 作定语时，-ING表示正在进行的动作，用-ING的完成时表示动作的完成；不定式表示未来发生4) We were overjoyed at the news of China another man-made satellite.［A］having launched［B］to have launched［C］to launch［D］launched5) The applicants interviewing ［A］are required to ［B］bring all the necessary papers ［C］two days later ［D］.6) Sorghum(高梁) leaves ［A］occasionally contain ［B］enough hydrocyanic acid killing ［C］livestock(牲畜) ［D］.3. 当谓语动词是进行时的时候，用不定式而不用-ING分词作宾语4. 在remember,forget等词后，如果跟-ING分词，表示-ING分词的动作发生在主要谓语之前；如果跟不定式则表示不定式的动作发生在主要谓语动作之后5. stop, go on和leave off之后跟接动词不定式和-ING分词所表达的意义有所不同They stopped (talking) to work. ［停下(其他动作)来工作］They stopped working. ［停下工作(来干其他动作)］Workers went on discussing the problem. ［工人继续讨论这一问题］Workers went on to discuss the problem.［工人们停下来其他事，继续讨论这一问题］He left off writing.［他停下写作(去干其他事)］He left off to write.［他停下(其他事)来写作］6. … used to后跟不定式和-ING分词，后跟不定式有两种情况：一种是used to是固定用法表示“过去经常干……”；另外一种情况是use的被动词态“be used”后跟不定式；后跟-ING分词的情况有一种，那就是当used to中的used是形容词时，to后跟名词或-ING分词7) When he was in the plastic plant, he together with the workers.［A］has worked［B］had worked［C］had been worked［D］used to work8) You will soon this climate and then the changes in temperature will not affect you.［A］get used to［B］get to［C］get over［D］get on with9) Mr. Anderson used to jogging ［A］in the crisp morning ［B］air during ［C］the winter months ［D］, but now he has stopped.7. 一般情况下，for后边跟接there to be,而of后边则跟接there being10) It is fairly common in Africa for there an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping, singing, or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound.［A］to be［B］being［C］to have been［D］having been8. be＋形容词后面要跟动词不定式作状语，而不用-INGIt is very difficult to manage the company.二、-ING分词与-ED分词的区别虽然在语法功能上，-ED分词在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同，但在意义上两者有差别：-ING分词表示主动的意义，而-ED分词则表示被动的意义；-ING分词表示一般性的或正在进行的动作，而-ED分词则表示已经完成和被动的动作。

英语情感动词的“-ing分词”与“-ed分词”研究

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英语 -ED分词的用法

-ED分词-ED分词-ED分词（-ED Participle）即传统语法所指的“过去分词”（Past Participle）, 是非限定动词之一。

-ED分词有两种形式：规则动词形式和不规则动词形式。

规则动词形式由规则动词＋-ED 构成；不规则动词有其特殊的-ED分词。

在语法功能上，它在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING 分词相同，可以作表语，定语，状语，也可以用在复合结构中，不管它作什么成分，其最基本的含义是“被动”的。

-ED分词在语法功能和意义上与-ING分词有一定的区别。

一、-ED分词与-ING分词的区别虽然在语法功能上，-ED分词在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同，但在意义上两者有差别：-ED分词表示被动的意义而-ING分词则表示主动的意义；-ED分词表示已经完成和被动的动作而-ING分词则表示一般性的或正在进行的动作，在表现形式上，-ING分词有“一般式”和“完成式”与“主动式”和“被动式”之分；而-ED分词只有一种形式。

下边我们分析-ING 分词与-ED分词在语法功用上的区别。

1. 作表语时，-ING分词表示主语所具有的特征而-ED分词表示主语所处的状态The book is quite interesting. I am interested in the book very much.The play is more exciting than any I have ever seen.That piece of land lay deserted.2. 作状语时-ING分词表示主语正在进行的另一动作而-ED分词则表示主语发生动作的背景或情况1) Having been served lunch，_________ .［A］the problem was discussed by the members of the committee［B］the committee members discussed the problem［C］it was discussed by the committee members the problem［D］a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee (B) 2) _______for her anthropological(人类学的) research，Margaret Mead also was involved with(涉及) the World Federation for Mental Health.[A] She is noted primarily[B] Noted primarily[C] Primarily is noted[D] She primarily noted (B)3) Considered one of the leading poets in America today，___________ .［A］a number of books and plays have also been written by Sonia Sanchez［B］Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of books and plays［C］a number of Sonia Sanchez's books and plays have been written［D］there have been a number of books and plays written by Sonia Sanchez (B) 3. 作定语时，①-ING分词表示正在进行的动作，而-ED分词表示动作发生在谓语动词之前；②-ING分词表示它所修饰的词经常或当时的状态，而-ED分词则没有时间性；③-ING分词表示主动，而-ED分词表示被动Identify and correct:1）The boiled [A］point of any liquid [ B］is determined［C］by the pressure [D］of the surrounding gases. 将boiled 改成boiling2）High-grade [A］written [B］paper is frequently ［C］obtained ［D］from cotton rags.将written 改成writing3）Scientists [A］still cannot find [B］any convinced［C］link between intelligence ［D］and the quantity or quality of brain cells. 将convinced 改成convincing解析:1）A错。

非谓语ing和ed做形容词

非谓语ing和ed做形容词
非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式，包括动词的现在分词（-ing形式）和过去分词（-ed 形式）。

这两种形式常常用来表示某一行为的状态或性质。

在英语中，非谓语-ing和-ed 可以用来做形容词，用于表达一个名词的性质或特征。

这种用法非常常见，我们可以在日常生活中的各种场合中见到。

-ing形式作为形容词，通常用来表示某个名词所处的状态或行为。

比如：
1. She had a boring day at work.（她上班那天很无聊。

）
2. The running water is so cold.（这流水太冷了。

）
3. I'm smelling something delicious.（我闻到了一些美味的味道。

）
在这些例句中，-ing形式修饰的名词分别是day（日子）、water（水）和something （某物），表示它们所处的状态或行为。

-ed形式做形容词
因为这两种形式都可以用来表达某个名词的性质或特征，所以他们也常常作为动词的补语或是形容词短语，例如：
3. She was fascinated by the scenery.（她被景色所吸引。

）
在这些例子中，-ed和-ing形式都充当了动词的补语，用来描述主语的感受或感受的对象。

这种用法可以使句子更加生动有趣。

总之，非谓语动词-ing和-ed做形容词的用法非常灵活，可以用来表示名词的状态、特征或经历，同时也可以作为动词的补语，使句子更加丰富、生动。

只需要不断地练习，就可以掌握它们的使用方法并增强自己的表达能力。

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Chapter 12Leabharlann –ed Participle
Q 1: There are two forms of verbs --- one can be affected by tense, person and number, and the other can not. What are the former called, and what is the term for the latter. A 1: Finite verbs & Non-finite verbs

Q 2: How many forms are non-finite verbs made up of according to Pro. Zhang Daozhen? What are they?
A 2: Four forms of non-finite verbs. They are infinitive, gerund, the present participle and the past participle.
Lecture 21 – ing Participle
Verb -- ① main verbs and auxiliaries (depending on the different roles played in the formation of verb phrases) ② finite verbs and non-finite verbs (depending on whether they are marked for tense) ③ etc. Two finite forms --- ① the present tense ② the past tense Three non-finite forms ① the infinitive ② the –ing participle (the gerund, the present participle) ③ the –ed participle

3. Collocation of –ing participle with verbs 1) Verb + -ing form (as an object) ① admit, acknowledge, confess, deny + doing sth. ② finish, recall, resume + doing sth. ③ postpone, put off, delay, give up, avoid, overlook, quit + doing sth. ④ enjoy, fancy, appreciate, dislike, feel like + doing sth. ⑤ consider, practice + doing sth. ⑥ advocate, suggest, recommend + doing sth. ⑦ risk, cannot help + doing sth. ⑧ be busy + doing sth ⑨ go + fishing / dancing / shopping / swimming ⑩ have difficulty / trouble / a good time / a bad time / a hard time / fun / pleasure + (in) doing sth.

2) The difference between the –ing participle
and the –ed participle
*** The –ing participle may indicate an action in process or show an active tendency.
*** In most cases the gerund shows the characteristics of noun, and it can be used as a subject, object a complement and a modifier (attribute). E.g. Seeing is believing. (subject & complement) E.g. I dislike making the house dirty. (object) E.g. a swimming pool (modifier)

4) Logic subject of the past participle E.g. Defeated, they withdrew into the valley. E.g. Locked up, he had no way to escape.

5) Absolute structure ① To express time: E.g. Summer vocation having come, the students went home. E.g. The work done, we felt relieved. ② To express cause: E.g. The weather being stormy, we decided to put off the camping trip. E.g. His leg badly hurt, he had to stay in bed. ③ To express condition: E.g. Everything taken into consideration, his work is well done. ④ To express accompanying E.g. He cried suddenly, tears rolling down his cheeks. E.g. We walked quickly, he leading the way.
1. Different forms of –ing participle
Progressive aspect Perfective aspect
Active voice
(not) doing
(not) having done
Passive (not) being done voice
(not) having been done

1. Meanings of –ed participle 1) –ed participles formed by transitive verbs indicate a passive meaning (compared with –ing participle) frozen food a freezing wind a bored traveler a boring journey a lost cause a losing battle a conquered army a conquering army a finished article the last finishing touch the spoken word a speaking bird a recorded talk a recording machine a closed shop the closing hour written language writing paper a terrified woman a terrifying story

Q 3: How many forms are non-finite verbs made up of according to Pro. Zhang Zhenbang? What are they?
A 3: Three forms of non-finite verbs. They are infinitive, ing participle and -ed participle.

2. The characteristics and functions of the –ing participle
1) The difference between the present participle and the gerund *** In most cases, the present participle shows the characteristics of adjectives and adverbs, and it can be used as a modifier (attribute) , an adverbial and a complement.

4. Logic subject of non-finite and absolute structure 1) Logic subject of the infinitive E.g. He opened the windows for the fresh air to come in. 2) Logic subject of the gerund E.g. Tom insisted on reading the document. E.g. Tom insisted on my / me reading the document. E.g. Tom insisted on the witness’ / her / his reading the document.

2) Verbs followed either by infinitive or by –ing participle
① begin, start, like, hate, prefer, neglect, omit ② forget, remember, regret try, mean

E.g. boiling water; the coming winter E.g. The bottle containing the poison was sent to the laboratory. E.g. Opening the door, I saw nobody. (time) E.g. Bill, being fond of a drink, naturally sampled all the Spanish wines. (cause) E.g. Working or playing, Sarah is always intense. (concession) E.g. Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. (result) E.g. They stood by the road side, watching the parade. (manner) E.g. We saw him going out. (object complement) E.g. He was seen going out. (subject complement)