ORACLE RAC维护文档
第1章常用维护命令1.1 启动RAC数据库✓CRS的启动：正常CRS是跟随系统同时启动的，也可以使用下面的命令启动/../crs/bin/crsctl start crs✓RAC数据库的启动，按照下面的顺序：启动节点应用程序srvctl start nodeapps -n rac1srvctl start nodeapps -n rac2启动侦听服务srvctl start listener -n rac1srvctl start listener -n rac2启动数据库的所有实例srvctl start database -d orcl1.2 关闭RAC数据库✓RAC数据库的关闭，按照下面的顺序：关闭数据库的所有实例srvctl stop database -d orcl关闭侦听服务srvctl stop listener -n rac1srvctl stop listener -n rac2关闭节点应用程序srvctl stop nodeapps -n rac1srvctl stop nodeapps -n rac2✓CRS的关闭，使用下面的命令：/../crs/bin/crsctl stop crs1.3 其它常用命令✓查询所有实例和服务的状态$ srvctl status database -d orcl✓查询所有服务的状态$ srvctl status service -d orcl✓查询单个实例的状态$ srvctl status instance -d orcl -i orcl1$ srvctl status instance -d orcl -i orcl2$ srvctl status instance -d orcl -i orcl3✓特定节点上节点应用程序的状态$ srvctl status nodeapps -n rac1✓列出配置的所有数据库$ srvctl config database✓显示 RAC 数据库的配置$ srvctl config database -d orcl✓显示指定集群数据库的所有服务$ srvctl config service -d orcl✓显示节点应用程序的配置 -（VIP、GSD、ONS、监听器）$ srvctl config nodeapps -n rac1 -a -g -s -l✓集群中所有正在运行的实例SELECTinst_id, instance_number inst_no, instance_name inst_name, parallel, status, database_status db_status, active_state state, host_name hostFROM gv$instanceORDER BY inst_id;1.4 开启和关闭数据库归档模式✓建立文件系统：在节点rac1上：/../arch让oracle用户可以访问：chown -R oracle:oinstall /gpfs2/arch✓开启：关闭数据库：srvctl stop database -d orclsqlplus “/as sysdba”startup mount;alter system set log_archive_dest='/../arch' scope=spfile sid=orcl1';alter system set log_archive_dest='/../arch' scope=spfile sid=orcl2';alter database archivelog;shutdown immediate;启动数据库：srvctl start database -d orcl✓关闭：关闭数据库：srvctl stop database -d orclsqlplus “/as sysdba”startup mount;alter database noarchivelog;shutdown immediate;启动数据库：srvctl start database -d orcl第2章透明的应用程序故障切换(TAF)测试透明的应用程序故障切换 (TAF) 选件是 Oracle RAC 10g 一个负责处理故障切换的主要组件。
它将把所有断开的数据库连接（和进程）重新连接到集群的其他节点上。
故障切换对用户是完全透明的。
2.1 设置tnsnames.ora 文件在进行测试之前，首先确保您安装了oracle的客户端软件，并且非 RAC 客户端计算机的tnsnames.ora 文件添加一个有效的条目。
在这里，我们创建了一个将用于测试 TAF 的名为 DBRAC 的新服务。
它为负载均衡和故障切换提供了所有必需的配置参数。
可以将此条目的内容复制到客户端计算机上的%ORACLE_HOME%\network\admin\tnsnames.ora 文件中：JUNWEI =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip)(PORT = 1521))(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip)(PORT = 1521))(LOAD_BALANCE = yes) ***/on(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = JUNWEI)(FAILOVER_MODE =(TYPE = SELECT)(METHOD = BASIC)(RETRIES = 180)(DELAY = 5))))NC =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip)(PORT = 1521))(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip)(PORT = 1521))(LOAD_BALANCE = yes)(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = NC)(FAILOVER_MODE =(TYPE = SELECT)(METHOD = BASIC)(RETRIES = 180)(DELAY = 5))))2.2 查看会话的故障切换信息的SQL 查询语句COLUMN instance_name FORMAT a13COLUMN host_name FORMAT a9COLUMN failover_method FORMAT a15COLUMN failed_over FORMAT a11SELECTinstance_name, host_name, NULL AS failover_type, NULL AS failover_method, NULL AS failed_overFROM v$instanceUNIONSELECTNULL, NULL, failover_type, failover_method, failed_overFROM v$sessionWHERE username = 'sys';2.3 测试演示从一个非RAC客户端计算机上，以 SYS 用户登录使用 gssdbrac 服务的集群化数据库：sqlplus sys/***@junwei / nc--执行上面的查询语句，得到下面的结果：INSTANCE_NAME HOST_NAME FAILOVER_TYPE FAILOVER_METHOD FAILED_OVER------------- --------- -------------------------- --------------- -----------orcl1 rac1SELECT BASIC NO--可以看到当前连接到orcl1实例上✓不要注销上面的 SQL*Plus 会话✓使用 abort 选项来关闭 rac1上的 orcl1 实例，如下所示：srvctl stop instance -d orcl -i orcl1 -o abort✓返回到我们的 SQL 会话，然后重新运行缓冲中的 SQL 语句，得到下面的结果：INSTANCE_NAME HOST_NAME FAILOVER_TYPE FAILOVER_METHOD FAILED_OVER------------- --------- -------------------------- --------------- -----------orcl2 rac1SELECT BASIC YES✓从上面的演示中，我们可以看到现在已将上述会话故障切换到了rac1的实例orcl2上。
第3章开关数据库的命令：开数据库：crsctl start crsCrsctl start resources关数据库：crsctl stop resourcesCrsctl stop crs。
Oracle运维详细手册簿
Oracle运维手册目录文档修改记录 .................................................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
1. 前言： (4)2. 简单命令使用 (4)2.1进入SQL*Plus (4)2.2退出SQL*Plus (4)2.3在sqlplus下得到帮助信息 (4)2.4显示表结构命令DESCRIBE (4)2.5SQL*Plus中的编辑命令 (4)2.6调用外部系统编辑器 (5)2.7运行命令文件 (5)2.8关于侦听 (5)3. ORACLE的启动和关闭 (6)3.1在单机环境下 (6)3.2在双机环境下 (7)4. 数据库管理员日常工作 (8)4.1检查alterSID.log (8)4.2环境确认 (8)5. 数据库日常操作SQL (9)5.1查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小 (9)5.2查询表空间使用情况 (9)5.3查询表空间的碎片程度 (10)5.4碎片程度 (10)5.5查看回滚段名称及大小 (11)5.6查看控制文件 (11)5.7查看日志文件 (11)5.8查看表空间的使用情况 (11)5.9查看数据库对象 (12)5.10查看数据库的版本 (12)5.11查看Oracle字符集 (12)5.12在某个用户下找所有的索引 (12)5.13表、索引的存储情况检查 (12)5.14查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式 (13)5.15显示所有数据库对象的类别和大小 (13)5.16设置RAC为归档模式？ (13)6. AWR报告 (14)7. Troubleshooting (14)7.1监控事务的等待 (14)7.2查看一些等待信息： (14)7.3查看等待(wait)情况 (15)7.4回滚段查看 (15)7.5回滚段的争用情况 (15)7.6监控表空间的 I/O 比例 (16)7.7监控文件系统的 I/O 比例 (16)7.8监控 SGA 的命中率 (16)7.9监控 SGA 中字典缓冲区的命中率 (16)7.10监控 SGA 中共享缓存区的命中率，应该小于1% (17)7.11临控 SGA 中重做日志缓存区的命中率，应该小于1% (17)7.12监控内存和硬盘的排序比率，最好使它小于 0.10，增加 sort_area_size . 177.13监控当前数据库谁在运行什么SQL语句 (17)7.14监控字典缓冲区 (18)7.15查看Lock (18)7.16捕捉运行很久的SQL (19)7.17查看数据表的参数信息 (20)7.18 查看还没提交的事务 (20)7.19查找object为哪些进程所用 (20)7.20查看catched object (21)7.21查看V$SQLAREA (21)7.22有关connection的相关信息 (22)8. 备份 (23)8.1数据逻辑备份 (23)8.1.1 exp (23)8.1.2 imp (24)8.2控制文件备份 (25)8.3初始参数备份 (25)8.4其它 (26)9. 常见问题解决 (26)9.1安装后常用参数设置 (26)9.2杀死僵死连接 (27)9.3AIX内存溢出 (27)9.4某一功能特别慢 (29)9.5统计信息失效导致执行计划走全表扫瞄 (29)9.6中银............................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
oracle数据库RAC服务器配置文档
RAC数据库服务器配置文档一、系统基础配置1.安装软件包2.修改系统参数3.添加用户和组4 修改用户环境变量Grid用户5 通过ASMLIB管理磁盘二、安装集群软件密码：system123[root@pthello1 ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.Adding read,write permissions for group.Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.The execution of the script is complete.[root@pthello1 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.shPerforming root user operation for Oracle 11gThe following environment variables are set as:ORACLE_OWNER= gridORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/11.2.0/gridEnter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...Creating /etc/oratab file...Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is createdFinished running generic part of root script.Now product-specific root actions will be performed.Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params Creating trace directoryInstalling Trace File AnalyzerOLR initialization - successfulroot walletroot wallet certroot cert exportpeer walletprofile reader walletpa walletpeer wallet keyspa wallet keyspeer cert requestpa cert requestpeer certpa certpeer root cert TPprofile reader root cert TPpa root cert TPpeer pa cert TPpa peer cert TPprofile reader pa cert TPprofile reader peer cert TPpeer user certpa user certAdding Clusterware entries to upstartCRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.mdnsd' on 'pthello1'CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'pthello1' succeededCRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gpnpd' on 'pthello1'CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'pthello1' succeededCRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'pthello1'CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gipcd' on 'pthello1'CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'pthello1' succeededCRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gipcd' on 'pthello1' succeededCRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'pthello1'CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'pthello1'CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'pthello1' succeededCRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'pthello1' succeededASM created and started successfully.Disk Group OCR created successfully.clscfg: -install mode specifiedSuccessfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..Operation successful.CRS-4256: Updating the profileSuccessful addition of voting disk a6bad62405144f4bbf5ff6551ea45a59.Successful addition of voting disk 538bba4d8aa14f8dbf111803543072a8.Successful addition of voting disk 59db1c91b1f04fb9bf6454344c5774e4.Successfully replaced voting disk group with +OCR.CRS-4256: Updating the profileCRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group-- ----- ----------------- --------- ---------1. ONLINE a6bad62405144f4bbf5ff6551ea45a59 (ORCL:OCR_VOL1) [OCR]2. ONLINE 538bba4d8aa14f8dbf111803543072a8 (ORCL:OCR_VOL2) [OCR]3. ONLINE 59db1c91b1f04fb9bf6454344c5774e4 (ORCL:OCR_VOL3) [OCR]Located 3 voting disk(s).CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.asm' on 'pthello1'CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.asm' on 'pthello1' succeededCRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.OCR.dg' on 'pthello1'CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.OCR.dg' on 'pthello1' succeededConfigure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded1:pdksh ########################################### [100%] [root@pthello2 ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.shChanging permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.Adding read,write permissions for group.Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.The execution of the script is complete.[root@pthello2 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.shPerforming root user operation for Oracle 11gThe following environment variables are set as:ORACLE_OWNER= gridORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/11.2.0/gridEnter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...Creating /etc/oratab file...Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed byDatabase Configuration Assistant when a database is createdFinished running generic part of root script.Now product-specific root actions will be performed.Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_paramsCreating trace directoryInstalling Trace File AnalyzerOLR initialization - successfulAdding Clusterware entries to upstartCRS-4402: The CSS daemon was started in exclusive mode but found an active CSS daemon on node pthello1, number 1, and is terminatingAn active cluster was found during exclusive startup, restarting to join the clusterConfigure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded[root@pthello1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.shPerforming root user operation for Oracle 11gThe following environment variables are set as:ORACLE_OWNER= oracleORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed byDatabase Configuration Assistant when a database is createdFinished running generic part of root script.Now product-specific root actions will be performed.Finished product-specific root actions.[root@pthello1 ~]#[root@pthello2 ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.shChanging permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.Adding read,write permissions for group.Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.The execution of the script is complete.[root@pthello2 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh Performing root user operation for Oracle 11gThe following environment variables are set as:ORACLE_OWNER= oracleORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite. The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite. The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created Finished running generic part of root script.Now product-specific root actions will be performed.Finished product-specific root actions.[root@pthello2 ~]#三、安装数据库软件[root@pthello1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh Performing root user operation for Oracle 11gThe following environment variables are set as:ORACLE_OWNER= oracleORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite. The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite. The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created Finished running generic part of root script.Now product-specific root actions will be performed.Finished product-specific root actions.[root@pthello2 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh Performing root user operation for Oracle 11gThe following environment variables are set as:ORACLE_OWNER= oracleORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite. The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite. The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created Finished running generic part of root script.Now product-specific root actions will be performed.Finished product-specific root actions.四、配置数据库密码：system123五、集群状态验证。
oracle rac 安装部署文档
oracle rac 安装部署文档oracle oracle rac搭建][常见问题汇总oracle rac 安装部署文档物理硬件配置需求：oracle 虚拟机需求：oracle rac两节点脚本搭建方法操作系统安装数据库安装oracle rac 图形界面搭建方法（适用于两个节点和多个oracle节点）创建磁盘组安装oracle数据库dbca 创建数据库配置oracle性能测试相关的参数关闭iolog常见问题汇总问题一：oracle在运行过程中，异常中断存储进程（gluster,tgtd等）会导致oracle异常报错ORA-01078。
问题二：查看数据库实例状态的时候报错ORA-01034问题三：删除问题表失败问题四：通过系统镜像安装桌面。
问题五：执行完oracle_install_rac.sh 如果oracleasm 命令未别找到，要先解压rpm文件夹问题六：rac01 和rac02 sid配置成一样的了怎么修改问题七：请求spfile错误问题八：ora 12516报错监听程序找不到符合协议堆栈要求的可用处理程序问题九:问题启动数据库报错 ORA-01078物理硬件配置需求：oracle 虚拟机需求：oracle rac两节点脚本搭建方法操作系统安装1.页面选择部署oracle rac2.选择共享盘创建，单机下一步3.配置虚拟机基本信息，– cpu改成2*16核，– 内存改成96G，– 添加一个网卡，连接心跳交换机– 磁盘添加iso redhat镜像文件– 磁盘设置为80G 预先分配网络配置第一个网口作为虚拟机的公网,第二个网口作为虚拟机的私网网口(连接heartbeat交换机的网口)4.单击下一步，安装redhat操作系统 [以下简略提示4点]1.hostname可以先不改2.创建分区的时候，选择Create Custom Layout自己配置分区大小3.创建分区/boot 分区1024M,swap 分区20480M，剩余的空间分配给/分区4.安装的时候选择带桌面的5.red hat系统安装完成后，按页面提示，安装虚拟机性能优化工具（不安装性能优化工具，会导致测试性能的时候，性能大幅下降）6.安装完成后，将虚拟机关机。
Oracle 11g RAC维护参考
Oracle 11g RAC维护参考RAC集群，全称Real Application Clusters，译为“实时应用集群”，是Oracle提供的一种高可用、并行集群系统，RAC除了具有高可用能力还有负载均衡能力，整个RAC集群系统由Oracle Clusterware （集群软件）和Real Application Clusters（RAC)两大部分组成。
1硬件环境RAC集群的硬件环境包括主机、共享存储、网络设备。
1.1主机（节点）RAC集群环境中至少有两台主机，也就是两个节点，每个节点配置一样的硬件，至少配置两块物理网卡。
1.2网络设备网卡，每个RAC集群节点上至少配置两块物理网卡。
一块网卡用于集群内部的私有通信，集群节点间数据块的传输都是通过这块网卡，我们称之为私有网卡，IP别名Private IP；另一块网卡用于对外服务，比如数据库的查询等，我们称之为公有网卡，IP别名Public IP。
除此之外，每个节点还有第三个VIP（Virtual IP）的IP。
RAC集群正常运行时，每个节点的VIP会被分配到公有网卡上，当某个节点出现故障宕机时，这个节点的VIP会被移到其它正常运行节点的公有网卡上。
网络交换机，首先，用于连接所有节点的公有网卡以提供对外的数据库服务，其次，用于连接各个节点之间的私有网卡以传递集群节点之间的心跳数据和数据库数据块（Cache Fusion）。
1.3共享存储在RAC集群中，最重要的是共享存储，RAC是一个“多实例、单一数据库”的架构，所有的节点共享一个数据库。
数据文件、联机日志、参数文件、控制文件存放在共享存储上以保证每个节点的实例都能访问。
每个节点安装HBA卡，然后通过光纤线和存储设备连接。
2软件环境RAC集群的软件组成包含：操作系统、集群软件、数据库软件。
2.1操作系统每个节点上所安装的操作系统必须是相同版本的。
2.2集群软件Oracle Clusterware（统称为CRS/Cluster Ready Service）集群软件，负责管理整个集群环境中的硬件资源，并为上层的RAC集群提供基础服务。
最详细的oracle rac日常基本维护命令
最详细的oracle rac日常基本维护命令以下是一些使用Oracle RAC进行日常基本维护的常用命令：1. CRSCTL命令：- crsctl check crs：检查集群资源状态。
- crsctl start crs：启动整个集群资源服务。
- crsctl stop crs：停止整个集群资源服务。
- crsctl disable crs：禁用整个集群资源服务。
- crsctl enable crs：启用整个集群资源服务。
2. SRVCTL命令：- srvctl start instance -db <database_name> -instance<instance_name>：启动指定的实例。
- srvctl stop instance -db <database_name> -instance<instance_name>：停止指定的实例。
- srvctl status instance -db <database_name> -instance<instance_name>：检查指定实例的状态。
- srvctl start service -db <database_name> -service <service_name>：启动指定的服务。
- srvctl stop service -db <database_name> -service <service_name>：停止指定的服务。
- srvctl status service -db <database_name> -service<service_name>：检查指定服务的状态。
3. SQL*Plus命令：- sqlplus / as sysdba：以SYS用户身份登录数据库。
- startup：启动数据库实例。
Oracle Rac日常维护操作手册
Oracle Rac日常维护操作手册一、关闭服务器1.1关闭数据库实例在DBSERVER01和DBSERVER02服务器上分别运行以下命令：在cmd命令行中运行C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>d:D:\>cd D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\crs\BIND:\oracle\product\10.2.0\crs\BIN>crs_stat –t (检查oracle数据库运行状态)名称类型目标状态主机------------------------------------------------------------ora....S1.inst application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver01ora....S2.inst application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver02ora.HBHIS.db application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver02ora....01.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver01ora....r01.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver01ora....r01.ons application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver01ora....r01.vip application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver01ora....02.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver02ora....r02.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver02ora....r02.ons application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver02ora....r02.vip application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver02D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\crs\BIN>sqlplus sys/sys as sysdbaSQL>shutdown immediateSQL>exitD:\oracle\product\10.2.0\crs\BIN>crs_stat –t (再次检查oracle数据库运行状态) 名称类型目标状态主机------------------------------------------------------------ora....S1.inst application OFFLINE OFFLINEora....S2.inst application OFFLINE OFFLINEora.HBHIS.db application OFFLINE OFFLINEora....01.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver01ora....r01.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver01ora....r01.ons application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver01ora....r01.vip application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver01ora....02.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver02ora....r02.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver02ora....r02.ons application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver02ora....r02.vip application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver021.2关闭CRS集群服务在DBSERVER01或DBSERVER02服务器上运行以下命令：C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>srvctl stop nodeapps -n dbserver01C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>srvctl stop nodeapps -n dbserver02D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\crs\BIN>crs_stat –t (再次检查oracle数据库运行状态) 名称类型目标状态主机------------------------------------------------------------ora....S1.inst application OFFLINE OFFLINEora....S2.inst application OFFLINE OFFLINEora.HBHIS.db application OFFLINE OFFLINEora....01.lsnr application OFFLINE OFFLINEora....r01.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINEora....r01.ons application OFFLINE OFFLINEora....r01.vip application OFFLINE OFFLINEora....02.lsnr application OFFLINE OFFLINEora....r02.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINEora....r02.ons application OFFLINE OFFLINEora....r02.vip application OFFLINE OFFLINE1.3关闭服务器操作系统先关DBSERVER01，在关闭DBSERVER02；二、开启服务器2.1DBSERVER02服务器开机DBSERVER02服务器操作系统启动后待网卡服务全部启动，执行以下命令验证oracle服务启动情况C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>d:D:\>cd D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\crs\BIND:\oracle\product\10.2.0\crs\BIN>crs_stat –t (检查oracle数据库运行状态)名称类型目标状态主机------------------------------------------------------------ora....S1.inst application OFFLINE OFFLINEora....S2.inst application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver02ora.HBHIS.db application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver02ora....01.lsnr application OFFLINE OFFLINEora....r01.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINEora....r01.ons application OFFLINE OFFLINEora....r01.vip application OFFLINE OFFLINEora....02.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver02ora....r02.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver02ora....r02.ons application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver02ora....r02.vip application ONLINE ONLINE dbserver02待DBSERVER02上oracle服务全部启动后再开启DBSERVER01。
oracle+rac维护命令
1、查看所有实例和服务的状态$ srvctl status database -d orclInstance orcl1 is running on node linux1Instance orcl2 is running on node linux22、查看单个实例的状态$ srvctl status instance -d orcl -i orcl2Instance orcl2 is running on node linux23、查看数据库全局命名服务的状态$ srvctl status service -d orcl -s orcltestService orcltest is running on instance(s) orcl2, orcl1 4、查看特定节点上节点应用程序的状态$ srvctl status nodeapps -n linux1VIP is running on node: linux1GSD is running on node: linux1Listener is running on node: linux1ONS daemon is running on node: linux15、查看ASM 实例的状态$ srvctl status asm -n linux1ASM instance +ASM1 is running on node linux1.6、列出配置的所有数据库$ srvctl config databaseorcl7、显示 RAC 数据库的配置$ srvctl config database -d orcllinux1 orcl1 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1linux2 orcl2 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_18、显示指定集群数据库的所有服务$ srvctl config service -d orclorcltest PREF: orcl2 orcl1 AVAIL:9、显示节点应用程序的配置—（VIP、GSD、ONS、监听器）$ srvctl config nodeapps -n linux1 -a -g -s -lVIP exists.: /linux1-vip/192.168.1.200/255.255.255.0/eth0:eth1GSD exists.ONS daemon exists.Listener exists.10、显示 ASM 实例的配置$ srvctl config asm -n linux1+ASM1 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_111、查看集群中所有正在运行的实例SELECT inst_id,instance_number inst_no,instance_name inst_name,parallel,status,database_status db_status,active_state state, host_name hostFROM gv$instanceORDER BY inst_id;INST_ID INST_NO INST_NAME PAR STATUS DB_STATUS STATE HOST-------- -------- ---------- --- ------- ------------ --------- -------1 1 orcl1 YES OPEN ACTIVE NORMAL rac12 2 orcl2 YES OPEN ACTIVE NORMAL rac212、查看位于磁盘组中的所有数据文件select name from v$datafileunionselect member from v$logfileunionselect name from v$controlfileunionselect name from v$tempfile;NAME-------------------------------------------+FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA/orcl/controlfile/current.258.570913191 +FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.257.570913201 +FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.256.570913211 +FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA/orcl/onlinelog/group_3.259.570918285 +FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA/orcl/onlinelog/group_4.260.570918295 +ORCL_DATA1/orcl/controlfile/current.259.570913189+ORCL_DATA1/orcl/datafile/example.257.570913311+ORCL_DATA1/orcl/datafile/indx.270.570920045+ORCL_DATA1/orcl/datafile/sysaux.260.570913287+ORCL_DATA1/orcl/datafile/system.262.570913215+ORCL_DATA1/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.261.570913263+ORCL_DATA1/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.271.570920865+ORCL_DATA1/orcl/datafile/undotbs2.265.570913331+ORCL_DATA1/orcl/datafile/undotbs2.272.570921065+ORCL_DATA1/orcl/datafile/users.264.570913355+ORCL_DATA1/orcl/datafile/users.269.570919829+ORCL_DATA1/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.256.570913195+ORCL_DATA1/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.263.570913205+ORCL_DATA1/orcl/onlinelog/group_3.266.570918279+ORCL_DATA1/orcl/onlinelog/group_4.267.570918289+ORCL_DATA1/orcl/tempfile/temp.258.57091330321 rows selected.13、查看属于“ORCL_DATA1”磁盘组的所有 ASM 磁盘SELECT pathFROM v$asm_diskWHERE group_number IN (select group_numberfrom v$asm_diskgroupwhere name = 'ORCL_DATA1');PATH----------------------------------ORCL:VOL1ORCL:VOL214、启动/停止RAC集群确保是以 oracle UNIX 用户登录的。
Oracle数据库维护手册范本
数据库维护手册目录1前言 (3)2ORACLE维护方法 (3)2.1 数据库启动 (3)2.2 数据库停止 (3)2.3 监听器的启停 (4)2.4 用户管理 (4)2.5 数据库参数文件 (5)2.6 数据库概况的查询 (6)2.7 常用对象的创建和使用 (7)2.8 失效数据库对象的检测和编译 (7)2.9 数据备份的技巧 (8)2.10 数据库命中率的监测 (10)2.11 最消耗资源进程的检测 (11)2.12 锁的监测及处理 (12)2.13 SQL语句执行技巧 (12)2.14 表空间的管理 (13)2.15 数据文件I/O的统计优化 (14)2.16 错误号的跟踪出理 (14)3日常问题处理流程 (15)3.1 ORACLE数据库日常检查 (15)3.2 会话连接日志的清理 (15)3.3 数据库hang住时的停止和方法 (15)3.4 扩表空间方法 (16)3.5 死锁会话的杀死 (16)3.6 未决两阶段事务的回滚............................. 错误!未定义书签。
4相关通用工具介绍. (17)4.1 EM工具.......................................... 错误!未定义书签。
1前言本文主要是简单介绍和总结日常Oracle数据在运行维护方面的一些方法和技巧。
通过该手册以便于相关技术人员的日常运维工作。
2ORACLE DB维护方法2.1数据库启动1、以oracle用户用户登录，sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’sqlplus> startup2、以oracle用户或ora816用户登录sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’sqlplus >startup nomuntsqlplus >alter database mount；sqlplus >alter database open；3、第一种启动方式是最常用的手工启动方式，第二种启动方式是数据库有故障时常用的逐步启动方式，可以观察故障点。
Oracle数据库规划设计和运行维护方案
Oracle数据库规划设计和运行维护方案（）目录1.前言.编写目的.......................................................... .方案说明.......................................................... .预期读者..........................................................2.数据库部署模式.单机模式.......................................................... .双机热备模式（HA模式）........................................... .集群模式（RAC）................................................... .主从模式（DataGuard）............................................. .混合模式（DataGrard+RAC）......................................... .数据库运行模式选择................................................3.系统特点和数据库类型.业务系统的特点....................................................OLTP特点.................................................OLAP特点................................................. .数据库的规模...................................................... .数据库版本建议....................................................4.数据库运行环境规划.主机规划.......................................................... .网络规划.......................................................... .存储规划..........................................................5.数据库安装部署规划.软件安装路径...................................................... .表空间设计........................................................业务数据量估算............................................表空间使用规则............................................表空间的概念和分配原则....................................表空间的参数配置..........................................Undo/temp表空间的估算....................................表的参数设置..............................................索引的使用原则............................................ .文件设计..........................................................RAC配置文件..............................................参数文件..................................................控制文件..................................................重做日志文件..............................................6.数据库应用规划.数据库用户设计....................................................用户权限规划..............................................用户安全实现..............................................用户类型及角色命名规范.................................... .数据库分区........................................................数据库分区介绍............................................逻辑分割..................................................物理分割..................................................数据分区的优点............................................数据分区的不足............................................Oracle分区技术...........................................分区使用建议..............................................分区索引.................................................. .数据库实例配置.................................................... .数据库参数设置....................................................必须修改的初始化参数......................................建议修改的初始化参数......................................不可修改的初始化参数......................................建议不可修改的初始化参数..................................与并行有关的参数.......................................... .数据库连接服务....................................................专用服务器连接............................................共享服务器连接............................................连接服务建议.............................................. .数据库安全建议.................................................... .数据库备份和恢复..................................................RMAN备份.................................................EXP/IMP备份..............................................存储级备份................................................数据库恢复................................................ .数据库网络配置....................................................监听器的使用配置原则......................................TNSNAMES的使用配置原则...................................RAC环境下TNSNAMES的配置.................................7.业务系统开发建议.数据库模型设计规范................................................命名规则..................................................数据库对象................................................ .PLSQL开发规则....................................................总体开发原则...............................................SQL语句编写规则..................................................查询语句的使用原则........................................DML语句的调整原则........................................8.数据库体系结构.整体结构.......................................................... .内存结构..........................................................系统全局区（SGA）.........................................程序全局区（PGA）.........................................后台进程.................................................. .存储结构..........................................................物理结构..................................................逻辑结构..................................................9.数据库基本管理.参数文件管理...................................................... .表空间管理........................................................用户表空间管理............................................临时表空间管理............................................回滚段表空间管理.......................................... .重做日志文件管理..................................................增加重做日志文件组........................................添加重做日志文件组成员....................................改变重做日志文件组成员....................................删除重做日志文件组成员....................................删除重做日志文件组........................................重做日志切换..............................................重做日志清理..............................................重做日志切换次数查询...................................... .归档模式设置......................................................单实例数据库设置归档模式..................................RAC数据库设置归档模式....................................归档路径设置.............................................. .控制文件重建...................................................... .内存参数管理......................................................Oracle内存管理发展阶段...................................自动内存管理AMM..........................................自动共享内存管理ASMM.....................................自动PGA管理.............................................. .其它管理内容......................................................查看数据库版本............................................数据库字符集..............................................创建密码文件..............................................关闭数据库审计功能........................................账号管理..................................................10.数据库集群（RAC）管理.RAC状态检查......................................................检查守护进程..............................................检查资源状态.............................................. .RAC启动与关闭.................................................... .管理OCR..........................................................OCR盘状态查看............................................OCR备份与恢复............................................查看OCR内容..............................................指定OCR盘................................................增加OCR盘................................................删除OCR盘................................................ .管理VOTING DISK..................................................检查Voting Disl盘........................................VOTING DISK备份与恢复....................................添加VOTING DISK盘........................................删除VOTING DISK盘........................................ .CSS管理.......................................................... .SRVCTL管理工具...................................................管理实例..................................................管理监听程序..............................................管理ASM..................................................管理service.............................................. .修改RAC的IP及VIP...............................................修改外网IP和心跳IP......................................修改VIP..................................................查看与删除IP............................................. .管理ASM..........................................................管理DiskGroup............................................ASM兼容性管理............................................ASM中添加disk的方法.....................................ASMCMD管理命令介绍.......................................ASM常用视图..............................................11.数据库备份.备份概念说明......................................................脱机备份..................................................联机备份..................................................RMAN备份................................................. .备份策略规划...................................................... .RMAN备份和恢复案例...............................................归档模式下的完全恢复......................................归档模式下的不完全恢复....................................12.数据库运维管理.运维职责.......................................................... .运维要求.......................................................... .技能要求.......................................................... .运维内容..........................................................检查数据库运行情况........................................检查操作系统和数据库日志文件..............................检查Oracle对象状态.......................................检查数据库相关资源的使用..................................检查数据库备份............................................检查数据库的性能..........................................数据库安全性检查.......................................... 前言编写目的随着以使用Oracle数据库的应用系统不断增加，为了加强应用系统在规划、开发、实施、维护等环节工作的规范化，特编写本文档，力求对实际的设计、实施工作起到规范和指导作用。
oracle rac的日常维护及注意事项
oracle rac的日常维护及注意事项2009-03-13 23:26oracle rac的日常维护及注意事项在Oracle数据库运行期间，DBA应该对数据库的运行日志及表空间的使用情况进行监控，及早发现数据库中存在的问题。
一、Oracle警告日志文件监控Oracle在运行过程中，会在警告日志文件(alert_SID.log)中记录数据库的一些运行情况：l 数据库的启动、关闭，启动时的非缺省参数；l 数据库的重做日志切换情况，记录每次切换的时间，及如果因为检查点(checkpoint)操作没有执行完成造成不能切换，会记录不能切换的原因；l 对数据库进行的某些操作，如创建或删除表空间、增加数据文件；问题处理启动参数不对检查初始化参数文件因为检查点操作或归档操作没有完成造成重做日志不能切换如果经常发生这样的情况，可以考虑增加重做日志文件组；想办法提高检查点或归档操作的效率；有人未经授权删除了表空间检查数据库的安全问题，是否密码太简单；如有必要，撤消某些用户的系统权限出现坏块检查是否是硬件问题(如磁盘本生有坏块)，如果不是，检查是那个数据库对象出现了坏块，对这个对象进行重建表空间不够增加数据文件到相应的表空间出现ORA-600根据日志文件的内容查看相应的TRC文件，如果是Oracle的bug，要及时打上相应的补丁二、数据库表空间使用情况监控（字典管理表空间）数据库运行了一段时间后，由于不断的在表空间上创建和删除对象，会在表空间上产生大量的碎片，DBA应该及时了解表空间的碎片和可用空间情况，以决定是否要对碎片进行整理或为表空间增加数据文件。
select tablespace_name, count(*) chunks , max(bytes/1024/1024) max_chunk from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;上面的SQL列出了数据库中每个表空间的空闲块情况,如下所示：TABLESPACE_NAME CHUNKS MAX_CHUNK-------------------- ---------- ----------INDX 1 57.9921875RBS 3 490.992188RMAN_TS 1 16.515625SYSTEM 1 207.296875TEMP 20 70.8046875TOOLS 1 11.8359375USERS 67 71.3671875其中，CHUNKS列表示表空间中有多少可用的空闲块(每个空闲块是由一些连续的Oracle数据块组成)，如果这样的空闲块过多，比如平均到每个数据文件上超过了100个，那么该表空间的碎片状况就比较严重了，可以尝试用以下的SQL命令进行表空间相邻碎片的接合：alter tablespace 表空间名coalesce;然后再执行查看表空间碎片的SQL语句，看表空间的碎片有没有减少。