初中宾语从句试讲

宾语从句教学设计

一、导入

1.复习什么是宾语。动词或介词后面的名词就是宾语。

I know him.

We are talking about our homework.

2.宾语从句就是在宾语的位置上放一个完整的句子。

I know him.

I know that he is seven years old.

说出两个句子的宾语，说出两个句子的宾语是词/词组还是句子。

说出下面句子的主句和从句：

A. He said that he was happy.

B. I don’t know whether /if they will come.

C. He told me that the earth goes around the sun.

D. He asked me how he could get to the nearest post station.

总结:

二、宾语从句讲解

初步认识了宾语从句，下面我们开始了解宾语从句的三要素：

引导词/连接词；语序；时态

1.引导词/连接词

1）从属连词that引导陈述句的宾语从句，that在句中没有词义，在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，在口语中常省略：

I hear （that）he will be back in one hour.

2）由从属连词whether，if 引导的一般疑问句的宾语从句，意思是“是否“，比如上面的句B: I don’t know whether /if they will come.

3）由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how引导的特殊疑问句的宾语从句。连接代词和连接副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担当一定的成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略，比如上面的句子D。He asked me how he could get to the nearest post station.

注意：关于是否if 和whether的一些特殊用法

whether/if引导宾语从句，意思是“是否”，在从句中不充当句子成分，if和whether 可以互换，但在以下情境中只能用whether不能用if。

a. whether 和or not 连用

b．用于介词宾语

c. 后跟不定式

I don’t know ________he will come or not.

I don’t care about_________ he is handsome.

He wondered _______ to stay here next week.

2.语序

继续观察上面的句子，我们来看一下宾语从句的语序:

A. He said that he was happy.

B. I don’t know whether /if they will come.

C. He told me that the earth goes around the sun.

D. He asked me how he could get to the nearest post station.

总结：不论宾语从句是一个陈述句，一般疑问句还是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句之后都要用陈述语序，也就是主语在前，谓语在后的结构。

改写宾语从句：

陈述句：Doctor Li is very patient.

It is well- known that _____.

一般疑问句：Is Doctor Li very patient?

John wants to know __________(用if或者whether引导)

特殊疑问句：How is Doctor Li?

John wants to know ____

注意：当引导词做宾语从句的主语时，从句的语序不变，比如常见的who和what

Could you tell me who knows the answer?

Could you tell me what is wrong with him?

Could you tell me what is the matter with him?

例如：

Could you tell me who is over there? (who 在从句中做主语)

Could you tell me who he is?

3.时态

1). 当主句的谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句的谓语动词可用所需要的任何时

态。

He says that Lily is(will be/ was) a doctor.

他说莉莉是（将要成为/过去是）医生。

I’ll tell you what I am doing (did/shall do).

我会告诉你我正在做（过去做/将要做）什么。

2). 当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，从句的谓语动词只能用过去时态范围内的某一种

形式。(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时)

He said that Lily was(would be/ had been) a doctor.

3). 从句表示普通真理时，即使主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句的谓语动词也须用一般现在时。

The teacher told us the moon travels round the earth. 老师告诉我们，月亮绕地球转。注意：

当情态动词would、could表示委婉，客气的语气时，从句的时态则不受主句的限制。比如：Could you tell me how I can get to the post station.

当从句中有具体的表示过去的时间状语，那么即使从句动作发生在主句之前，从句还是要用一般过去时。比如：

I heard that he went to Paris last night.

4. 宾语从句中的特殊句式：

1）在动词think, find, consider等词后悔跟一个it 做形式宾语，而后面的that从句才是真正的宾语。比如：I find it impossible that he should finish his task in two days.

2)在think, believe等动词引起的宾语从句中，如果否定的是后面的从句，一般要将主句动词改为否定形式，而从句仍然用肯定式。

I don’t think you are right.（不用I think you are not right.）我认为你不对。

三、巩固训练