状语从句的译法(TR)
状语从句的译法

• 2.从属连词一定带,但是意思不一定翻
• eg,It was such a terrible experience that I will never forget it. • 那次经历可怕至极,我永远不会忘记。 • 英语是一种形合语言,多使用关联词;汉语是一种意合的 语言,较少使用关联词。 • 因此,英译汉时,尽量少用关联词;汉译英时,尽量多用 关联词。
• (2)原因状从 • 1.通常是从句先翻 • A . The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干旱,所以庄稼歉收。 • B. They are informal, most likely because they are always in a great hurry.
人,有时还有别人,也要尊重。
• • • •
(4)让步状从 1. Old as he is, he would rather work than sit idle.
他虽已年迈,但他宁愿工作也不愿闲着。
• 2.译成表 “无条件”的条件分句 • A. I’ll be right here waiting for you, wherever you go, and whatever you do.
The end,thank you!
• 3.逻辑关系很重要,灵活翻译是根本。
• One must sow before one can reap. • 只有播种,才能有收获。 或者一份耕耘,一份收获。
三、各类从句中的重点举例
• (1)时间状从 • 1.通常是从句先翻 • A. Please turn off the light when you leave the room. 离屋时请关灯。 • B. The iron should be stricken while it is hot. • 趁热打铁。(打铁须趁热) • 2.固定翻译法,“一 ......就...."(hardly /barely/scarcely... when;as...soon...as...;the moment...;no sooner... than;instantly;directly,etc)
状语从句汉译英技巧

状语从句汉译英技巧1. 时间状语从句:-当……时:When we arrived, the party had already started.-一……就……:As soon as he heard the news, he rushed to the hospital.-在……之前:Before you go to bed, remember to turn off the lights.-在……之后:After he finished his homework, he went for a walk.2. 地点状语从句:-在……地方:Wherever you go, I will follow you.-到……地方:We will stay here until the rain stops.3. 原因状语从句:-因为:Because it was raining, we decided to stay indoors.-由于:Due to the bad weather, the flight was delayed.-既然:Since you are here, let's have dinner together.4. 条件状语从句:-如果:If you study hard, you will pass the exam.-假如:Suppose it rains tomorrow, what will you do?-只要:As long as you work hard, you will succeed.5. 方式状语从句:-以……方式:He explained the problem in a way that everyone could understand. -用……方法:She solved the puzzle by using logic and reasoning.。
状语从句如何翻译?

状语从句如何翻译?状语从句如何翻译?引导语:状语从句内容丰富,涉及面广,可以用来表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、等意义,那么状语从句如何翻译呢?下面就和店铺一起来看看方法吧。
一、时间状语从句在英语中,时间状语从句的连接词常常有:when(当...的时候),whenever(每当...),as(当...时),since(自从...),until(直到...,如果不....),till(直到...),before(在...前),after(在...后),as soon as(一...就),once(一旦...),the moment(一...就),immediately(一...就),the day(在...那天),no sooner... than(一...就),hardly(scarcely)... when(一...就),the instant(一...就),instantly(一...就),directly(一...就),the minute(一...就),the second(一...就),every time(每当...),by the time(等到....的时候)等。
翻译的时候,一般翻译在主句的前面。
(一)译成相应的时间状语While she spoke, the tears were running down.她说话时,泪水直流。
As he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.他结束讲话的时候,听众掌声雷动。
(二)译成“一(刚、每)...就”的结构Directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence.他刚说出这些话,大家就沉默下来。
(三)译成条件句由于时间状语的引导词除了显示时间关系之外,有时候可以表示条件关系,所以还可以翻译为条件句。
Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.如果机器发生故障,就把电门关上。
英译汉翻译技巧9状语从句的翻译

英译汉翻译技巧9状语从句的翻译状语从句的翻译英语中状语从句用得比较多,位置也比较灵活。
根据汉语的特点,汉译时位置往往这样处理:比较和结果状语从句放在主句后面;方式状语从句可前可后;其他状语从句(时间、条件、原因、目的、结果或让步等)一般放在主句之前。
时间状语从句一、译成相应的时间分句1) From her second floor window she could see the postman when he came.邮差来时,她从三楼的窗口望出去就可以看见。
2) After what had happened he could not continue to work there.事情发生后,他无法在那里继续工作下去了。
二、译成并列分句1) She sobbed as she told us her miserable past.她一边向我们叙述她悲惨的过去,一边啜泣着。
2) While there is life,there is hope.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。
三、译成“刚(一)·····就······”的句型1)Stormy applause broke forth the moment she appeared on the stage.她在台上一出现就响起了暴风雨般的掌声。
2)Scarcely had we gathered in the grain when it began to rain.我们刚把粮食收进来,就下雨了。
四、由until/till引导的从句译法1) I don't like meeting people until I have this dental work done.在我牙齿修补好之前,我不想会客。
分析:主句否定时,把until 当作 before来译。
状语从句的翻译

例1. If penicillin is administrated, the patient’s past history in regard to penicillin therapy must be required. 例2. “In case that she is sick and unable to get up, you had better take her place as the head nurse” the chief director said to me.
因为常遇到一些诸如恶心、皮疹和眩晕等药物的副作用,所以一旦(病人)出现类似的征兆就应立即停药。
医学英文文献中有些类型的原因状语从句在汉译是可译为不用关联词而表示因果逻辑关系的并列分句,常见于口语。例如:
“We took you in the hospital as you are seriously ill” the nurse said.
假设昏迷的原因是头部外伤,那么(病人)通常都有受伤的既 往史。
生理老师告诉学生们:“如果你愿意尝试,你可以通过屈臂来感受 你上臂肱二头肌肌腹。”
汉语中表示“假设”的分句一般前置,但是表示补充说明情况的分句则后置,请看下面例句。
例1. Some people often try to avoid the allergen,such as seafood, if they possibly can. 例2. A doctor is liable to misclassify phenomena and make inaccurate diagnoses, if he is without such knowledge.
一些人总是竭力避免过敏原,比如海鲜,如果可能的话。
《状语从句的翻译》课件

详细描述
在翻译状语从句时,需要根据上下文语境选择合适的词 语,并适当引申一些抽象或生僻的词语,以确保译文的 准确性和流畅性。
抽象与具体转换
总结词
抽象与具体转换是指在翻译过程中将原文中的抽象表述转换为具体表述或将具体表述转换为抽象表述。
详细描述
在英语中,状语从句有时会使用较为抽象的表述方式,而在中文中则更倾向于使用具体的表述方式。因此,在翻 译时需要进行适当的转换,以使译文更加符合中文的表达习惯。
分类
总结词
状语从句可以根据其意义和作用分为九类。
详细描述
根据状语从句的意义和作用,它可以分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状 语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句和方式状语从句等九类。
功能
总结词
状语从句在句子中起到修饰和补充说明的作用。
详细描述
状语从句的功能主要是对主句中的谓语进行修饰和补充说明,提供更多的信息和细节,使句子意思更 加完整和清晰。它可以帮助读者更好地理解句子所描述的情况和状态,以及动作发生的时间、地点、 条件、原因等。
翻译为条件状语从句
总结词
条件状语从句表示某种条件下的结果,翻译 时应将条件和结果分开,并使用“如果”等 连词连接。
详细描述
例如,英文中的"If it rains tomorrow"可以 翻译为"如果明天下雨","Unless you study hard"可以翻译为"除非你努力学习" 。
翻译为让步状语从句
增译与减译是翻译过程中常用的技巧,通过增加或减 少某些词语来使译文更加流畅自然。
详细描述
在翻译状语从句时,有时需要增加一些词语来补充说 明上下文信息,使译文更加完整;有时则需要省略一 些重复或冗余的词语,使译文更加简洁明了。
状语从句翻译法

目的状语从句 She said she wanted tea ready at six so that she could be out by eight.
她说她想六点钟吃茶点 ,以便八点钟出 门。
He wasn’t going to use his car in case somebody recognized him. 他不想开车出去,免得有人认出。
He is so hypocritical a person that all his colleagues dislike him intensely. 他是一个非常虚伪的人,(因此)同事们 都很厌恶他。J
伴随状语 They stood by the roadside talking about their plot. 他们站在公路旁,谈论着他们的阴谋。 伴随状语(无伴随状语从句)是英语中特 殊的状语现象,翻译时一般译为并列的分 句。
We should start early so that we might get the,我们应早点动身.
He pushed open the door gently and crept out of the room for fear that he should awake the baby.
译法1: 对特殊儿童的)更大关注表明,在 我们社会有这样一种强烈感受:所有的公 民都应该得到机会来培养自己的能力,无 论其自身条件如何。(状语后置) 译法2: (对特殊儿童的)更大关注表明, 在我们社会有这样一种强烈感受:无论公 民们自身的条件如何,—他们都应该得到 机会来培养自己的能力。(状语前置)
如果试验被计划并像(科学杂志上的)报 告所表明的那样(3)忠实地(2)/按照计划(1) 得以实施,那么管理方期待着研究能够带 来可以用金钱衡量的结果也是完全符合逻 辑的。
状语从句的特点及翻译方法

状语从句的特点及翻译方法状语从句是具有特殊功能的从句类型。
一般来说,它的主要作用是对句子中的动词或整个句子进行修饰和限定。
要理解状语从句的特点和翻译方法,首先需要了解它的语法结构和语义功能。
一、状语从句的语法结构状语从句是从属分句,要依附于主句。
因此,它有自己的主语和谓语,但是它的谓语动词必须采用从句形式,而不能是单独的动词。
状语从句通常由连词引导,如when, if, because, although, since等等。
例如:1) When I was young, I used to play football every afternoon.2) If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.3) Because she was ill yesterday, she didn't go to work.4) Although he is very busy, he always finds time to read books.5) Since you are here, let's have a cup of tea together.二、状语从句的语义功能状语从句起到修饰和限定主句动词或整个句子的作用,它可以表示时间、条件、原因、方式、目的、让步等等不同的语义关系。
例如:1)时间状语从句:When you finish your homework, you can watch TV.(当你完成家庭作业之后,你就可以看电视了。
)2)条件状语从句:If it's sunny tomorrow, we'll go for a picnic. (如果明天天气晴朗,我们就去野餐。
)3)原因状语从句:Because she is busy preparing for the exam, she cannot go to the party.(因为她忙于考试准备,所以不能去参加聚会。
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• In the event that deficiencies in the Equipment become evident, such deficiencies shall be corrected by ABC during the two days per week during which the Purchaser will not be testing.
地点状语从句的译法
译成条件状语从句或结果状语从句 where或wherever引导的状语从句,若从逻辑 上判断具有条件状语或结果状语的意义,则可转 移为相应的状语从句。
Where water resources are plentiful, hydroelectric power stations are being built in large numbers.
他们从4月到6月(去掉3月和7月)都在这里。
• 译成并列句 • 有的连词(如as,while,when等)引 导时间状语从句,在表达主句和从句的谓语 动作同时进行时,英译汉时可省略连词,译 成汉语的并列句。
• The earth turns round its axis as it travels around the sun.
让步状语从句的译法
译成表示“让步” 的分句 汉语中让步分句一般前置,但也可后置。
Though we get only a relatively small part of the total power radiated from the sun, what we get is much more than enough for our needs.
(5)Neither party shall have the right to represent the other party unless otherwise arranged. 除另有安排者外,任何一方无权代 表 另一方。(unless从句中的主语 和动词be常省去。) ( 6 ) We can sell a lot of garments provided that your price is highly competitive. 如果你方价格很有竞争性,我方就可大 量出售。
除非有要求,他不会增加数量。 译成补充说明情况的分句 不少条件状语从句汉译时可置于主句后面,做补充说 明情况的分句。
Iron or steel parts will rust, if they are unprotected.
铁件或钢件是会生锈的,如果不加保护的话。
• 1.状语 • (1) in case of • In case of quality discrepancy, claims shall be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination. • 若发生质量索赔,买方的索赔必须在 货物到达目的港的30天内提出。 •
• The present price level is changeable, sometimes high, sometimes low. • 目前的价格水平变化不定,有时高, 有时低。 • Now in spring, now in autumn, the Fair is held in Beijing. • 交易会时而在春季,时而在秋季,在 北京举办。
• (2) in the event of • In the event of graft or serious dereliction of duty on the part of the general manager and/or deputy general managers, the Board of Directors shall have the power to dismiss them at will. • 若总经理和/或副总经理有营私舞弊 或严重失职时,董事会有权随时将其 撤换。
只要是水源充足的地方,就可以修建大批的电站。
原因状语从句的译法
译成因果偏正复句的主句 这实际是一种省略连词的译法,把从句译成 主句。
Because energy can be changed from one form into another, electricity can be changed into heat energy, mechanical energy, light energy, etc.
• (3) in consideration of 考虑到; 鉴于; 由于 • e.g. In consideration of the Licenses and technical assistance provided herein, the Joint Venture Company shall pay Party A technical assistance fees in USD. • 考虑到许可以及在此提供的技术援助,合 资公司将以美圆的方式支付甲方技术援助 费。
• We discussed the shipping date till three o’clock, when the customer called on us. • 我们对装运期一直讨论到3点钟,这时 客户前来拜访。 • I was making the contract, when the manager came. • 我正在做合同,这时经理来了。
The volume of our export has increased in the train of the development of China’s economy. 随着中国经济的发展,我们的出口量已经增加 They were here from March to July inclusive. 他们从3月到7月(包括3月,7月)都在这里。 They were here from March to July exclusive.
Translation Skill — Semantic Extension
(翻译技巧Ⅹ——状语从句的译法)
在状语从句的翻译中,主要应注意状语从句 的位置、连词的译法和省略以及状语从句的转 译等。 英译汉时状语从句的位置尤其重要。一般来 说,汉语中,状语从句多半在主句前面,有时 放在整个句子当中。此外,汉译英时连词常可 以省略,这在时间、条件状语从句中尤为常见。 另一个值得注意的是,不要碰到when就译成 “当”、碰到if就译成“如果”、碰到because就 译成“因为”,而应酌情进行变化或简化。如:
• The computer will find the route when you send your signal to it. • 把信号输入计算机,它就会找到行 车路线。 • If water is could enough, it changes to ice. • 水温降到一定程度便会结冰。
• 若发现设备有缺陷,应由ABC用每周买方不 进行试验的这两天时间对设备予以校正
(4)Should any of the stipulations to the Contract be altered, amended, supplemented or deleted, the same shall be negotiated between and agreed upon by both parties and written documents shall be signed by the representatives of both parties. 本合同条款的任何变更、修改或增 删,须经双方协商同意,并由双方代 表签署书面文件为有效。
时间状语从句的译法
译成相应的时间状语,放在句首 不论原文中表示时间的从句是前置或后置, 根据汉语习惯,都要译在其主句的前面。 When I got there, they were having a negotiation. 我到了那里时,他们正在谈判。 When I got you letter, I had shipped the goods. 我收到你的信时,已经将货物装运完毕。
• ( 2 ) In case no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the case shall then be submitted to Arbitration Tribunal of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce in accordance with the Arbitration Rules and Procedure of the said Tribunal. • 如通过协商仍不能达成协议时,应提 交斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院,根据该院 的仲裁规则和程序进行仲裁。
• (4) subject to 在……条件下;根据…..规 定;在…..规定的范围内;以……为有效。 • e.g.
Subject to the terms to this agreement, the producer agrees to be bound by the terms to the following marketing agreement.
在本协议的条件下,制造商同意接受下 列销售协议各项条款的约束。
•
• be bound by 受…约束;由…联系起来
• If the Force Majeure event lasts over 60 days, the Buyer shall have the right to cancel the Contract or the undelivered part of the Contract. • 若不可抗力事件持续 60 天以上, 买方有权撤消本合同或合同中未完 成的部分。
• The liability of the seller is at the same time liability of the buyer. • 卖方的责任同时也是买方的责任。 • I was on the point of going abroad, when my customer came. • 我正要出国的时候,我的客户来了。