stepbystep3000学生用书第一册答案
step by step 3000第一册答案(全)
1 Education is a keyPart 1 warming upA1 ①oxford ②commitment ③academic record2 ①oldest ②largest ③reputation ④research ⑤science3 ①first ②Australia ③150 years ④excels4 ①excellence ②17,000 ③location5 ①largest ②1883 ③situated ④26,0006 ①1636 ②enrollment ③18,500 ④schools7 ①awards ②degrees ③20,0008 ①located ②135 ③thirdB 1 ①2,700 languages ②7,000 dialects ③regional ④pronunciation2 ①official language3 ①one billion ②20 percent4 ①four hundred million ②first ③600 million ④second ⑤foreign5 ①500,000words ②eighty percent ③other6 ①eighty percent ②computers7 ①African country ②same8 ①1,000 ②Africa9 ①spaceship ②1977 ③55 ④message ⑤the United NationC 1-a 2-c 3-d 4-bPart 2A2511 16 611 1614 5 11 1612/136 about13 16A3 1 GCSE examinations2 students/ higher education3 student/second year/high school/college4 general exam/School Certificate5 sitting University Entrance Examination6 bachelor’s degree:3/4yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3~7 yearsB1 Idioms in informal English Largest vocabulary French spelling &pronunciation B2 f t fPart 31A Age D Foreign student population 2 A 15hrs（+2 or 3for lab）+100Discussion group:15~20Much smallerInformal friendly2~3hrs:1hr University life 2 Examinations Quizzesregular attendance Seminarssome area of interest a research paperB2make mistakes passive every new thing the teacherthe language stick his neck out working outside the classroom more likely to be right than himself part4A 2 the History Department 3 the Psychology Department4 the Library5 the Education Department6 the Philosophy Department7 the Geography Department8 the Sports Ground 9 the Foreign Languages Department10 the Chinese Department 11 the Physic Department12the Mathematic Department 13 the Chemistry Department14 the Clinic 15the Auditorium16 the Administration BuildingB Robert Martin Biology Next fallSix years in a public school in the hometown ;two years in a military school ;high school in the hometown Science(biology in particular),sportsUnit2 colorful lands, colorful peoplePart116,998,000 64,186,000 840,0001,000,000 3，320，000 143，244 32，483 2，966，000 5，105，700 29，028-1，3125，315 36，1984，145B1,243,738000 955,220,000 267,901,000 199,867,000 159,884,000 147,105,000 138,150,000 125,638,000 122,013,000 118,369,000 96,400,000 82,071,000CChinese 1300million Spanish 332 English 322 Russian 189 Japanese 182 German 170 Korean 170 Vietnamese 125 Turkish 98 Polish 75.5Arabic 75 72 67 66 64 63 59 58 44 44 42.5 42.5 41Part2A 1 a bad boy 2 ①social ②ecologic ③populations 3 ①longer ②healthierB 1-b 2-c 3-aPart3A1water 2 70% 3 red or brown 4 plant cover 5 snow 6 continents 7 islands 8 arms of the ocean 9 connecting 10 a channel 11valleys 12 plainsB 2 12 million10 103 16 6 18 4B2 1.Mexico City 2.Sao Paulo 3Rio de Janeiro 4Bombay 5 Delhi 6Shanghai 7Seoul Part4 1skills 2 the main idea 3what 4recongnize 5central 6important 7direction 8purpose9inform 10 compare 11answer 12stated 13 a topic sentence 13 first 14 details 15 difficult 16 persuade 17end 18impiled 19hinted 20 a wholeUnit3 travelling from place to placeABA912 11:20 17 BA877 11:20 14 BA292 11:25 19 TW695 11:30 16 EA831 11:35 4 BA838 11:35 24 IB290 11:40 9 LH039 11:40 15 BA666 9 AI141 18 BA560 622BTea soft drinks coffee egg and tomato ham and tomato roast chicken cheeseburgers Part29:15 10:30 10:30 13:30quick/beautiful view (frequent service(hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining car) have to get Gatwick airport quite crowded/quite expensivepart3sep.4-sep.17 aug.5-aug.182 double and 1 single 1double and 1 big bedroom3 1 full bathroom3(kitchen ,dining room ,sitting-room) 2(kitchen ,living-sitting room)√×√×80for a Fiesta 98 for a Fiesta(价格的符号没找到)√√570 270Bb dunit4 approaching culturepart1a tie is too personal roses mean love even numbers(2,3,6,ect)are unlucky Japanese people usually don’t give four of anything as a giftB 1 Japan Korea 2Brazil Russia 3 Canada The USA 4Egypt MexicoCDA TA AREAFebruary 14 European North AmericanMarch2 JapanMay 5 JapanMay 5 ChinaAugust15 ChinaApril1 European North AmericanJuly14 FranceDecember26 Britain CanadaMay 1 European Canada Philippine Latin AmericanNovermber25 FranceMarch17 IrelandThe 2nd Sunday England France India ChinaPart 2I 1changed 2few 3bored 4 rainy II 1museum directors 2 what they are seeing III1provide fun 2feel at homeA2Museum activities electricity /pass/ body17th century instruments/music Put on costumes/the Stockholm Opera Bone-by-boneA31 Reaching out to new audiences A the young C the less educated members2 A rebuilt B 1modern 2lighting,color and sound 3fewer objects3 A guided B touch ,listen, operate and experiment / scientific principles4 providing educational services and children`s departments A film B dance Part 2 B squid his nameC1 a vendors b fortune c eating a street performers b portrait painting C21a special powders/attract men1b objects/for snake bites2 shells/on a cloth/the way they land3 round cakes/ban four/hot spices/fried 4a folk singers/guitars4b classical musicians4c actors5 practice drawing and paintingPart3A2much busier Monday and Saturdaymuch colder -30℃much flatter humid and hotmountainoushigher rocky beautifulmore crowded tallersmallerB左1France Latin American 右1Kenya 左2Tunisia 右2Creece左3Lebanon Iran 右3Tonga 左4Italy 右4Europe Latin America左5Mexico,Costa Rica ,Japan 右5Bolivia，Honduras Lebanon左6Barbados 右6Bangladesh最后一幅Greece ，Iran ,ItalyPart41f 2f 3t 4t 5fB 1g 2f 3j 4i 5e 6b 7h 8a 9d 10cUnit5 Net Changes lifePART1 October 1969 first email messageMarch 1972 addressesFebruary1976 head of stateFall 1976 Jimmy Carter US$4September1983 higher education accouts December1994 erase destroyDecember1998BAs I see it opinionworthif I’m wrongas a matter of fact believe it or not information own business standardfor nowbe seein’ youCTim Berners-Lee In the 1980sIn 1990On to the internet10/100000e-commerce people with imagination and new ideapart 2materials that are connecteda systema connection of systems that work together Radio and TV stations ,computers ,peoplesA2 Connection of railroads or other vehicles Connected system of radio stations System linking a number of computers togetherB getting assignments and research papers attending professor’s ‘virtual office hours’course lectures online gamestoll-free phone call e-commerce orders左边：entertainment communicationspart3 the desktop into our everyday life experimenting anarchy disappear economies BPerson to person, real many more real friendsrelatives careersneighbors medical crisescolleagues choosing a school or collegeby phoneB2 Reaching out to more people Keeping more to ourselvesPart4 1 daily communication 2broadcast programs 3in print 4listening 5 failure 6digit 7losses 8ignore 9read 10 intensive training 11 regular 12 commas 13 sensitivity to numbersUNIT6Part1A 1932 Paris 1972 Berlin Tokyo1-d 2-a 3-g 4-b 5-f 6-e 7-cB watch games on television or listen on the radio baseballplay the sport American footballsoccerC 1d 2h 3a 4e 5i 6c 7g 8b 9j 10fPART2A 1friendly/warm/affectionatedrunk/aggressive/scream/shout/push people around/smash glasses/monsters2He finds it difficult to understand why normal ,nice people behave so badly at football matches. 3enjoy themselves/no aggression or violence4rugby/tennis 5They sit there silently throughoutB 1goodwill between the nations 2 football or cricket 3on the battlefields 4 international sporting contests 5competitive 6little meaning 7 pick up sides 8 the fun and exercise 9some larger unit 10 aroused 10 a school football match 11the attitude of the spectators 12the nations 13 tests of national virtuePart31scince 19882 in 20013 in 19484 in 19605 by 20041c 2a 3d 4b 5e B1wheelchair tennis and basketball2teach all kinds of sports to disabled people try a sport as if they were disabledfor the Paralympics3the ability to move his legs4 his body and mind again5 wireless earphonesvisual interpretersUNIT7PART1 Aclear 90-75 rain 93-73 cloudy 86-70 cloudy 79-59BConversation1 3 Conversation2 8 Conversation3 right right Conversation4 four fourthC 1speed limit 30 miles an hour 2 end of speed limit 3 cross-roads 4 bend 5 road junction 6 hill 7 road narrows 8 level crossing 9 school 10 parkingPART2 1last month 2 oil 3the environment 4 cars ,buses ,motorized bicycles 5 another kind of fuel 6 hybrids and vehicles that use other kinds of fuels than oilB 1 electricity 2 natural gas or propane 3 walking ,biking ,using public transportation systems 4changes in the world climate 5air pollution 6 health problemsPART3A 1 this week 2 road users 3 the number of road accidents 4 take basic measures 5 seat belts 6 focus more on road safety 7 safer roads 8 traffic-free play areasBAsia children playing in the streetyoung and inexperienced car driversa badly designedb badly maintainedc road users the rules conclusion predictedPART4A 1 increasing gridlock urgent measures to promote mass transit systems2 Bangkok +100 10 transportation and air qualityB1 B pollution C traffic snarls D economic costs2 better public transportation systemsdriving 3 more efficient too expensive fastest to implement low return to investors /governments low-costUNIT8Part1A 1.$25,000,000,000 2.$161,000,000 3.$37,000,000,000 28,000,000,000dollar $24,000,000,000 4.30,000,000 5.$1,000,000,000 6.5.5% 7.5% 7.550 7%8.0.25% 4.75% 4.5%B 1 increasing their protests against rising fuel prices 2 a meeting of African nations3 the Czech Republic by early 2003 a conference of EU members4 Central Bank governors Britain ,Canada,France,Germany,Japan and the United States5 reduce the amount of oil harming their economies6 cutting taxes on oil products7 increase trade bring peace and security to the area in Manila 8 support policies that keep inflation low 9 open Japanese ports to foreign companies10 his country’s economy a leading manufacturing and financial centerC1 93,000,0002 97,000,000 133,000,0003 1.5% 16%4 100,000,0005 210,000,000,000 5.1%6 17,500,0007 1.3%8 9.5% 0.1% 10,500,0009 27,000,000,00010 0.6%PART2A 1 large forces national or international 2 unemployment and inflation job creation 3 too high demands in the present growth and investment in the futureB 1 letting inflation increase Higher inflation 2 very high savings ratePart3A 1 noisy place/bell/lighted messages/computers/talk on the telephone/shout/run around2experts/salespeople/buy &sell shares of companies 3 shares4 a list of stocks sold on the New York Stock Exchange5 prices/go down6prices/go up 7 a company that does not earn enough profit8 a sharp increase in the value of a stock /something wonderful that happens unexpectedlyB 1 in 1837 1n a newspaper in Illinois2 old story /sold the skin of a bear /before caught it3 a long connection/bulls and bears/in sports/popular years ago/England4 fish/turn over on their backs /die 5England/centuries ago /poor people/banned/cutting trees/the wind blew down the tree /take for fuelPart4 1communicative activity 2 extended 3 continuously 4 specific readiness 5 constantly setting up 6 constantly testing 7 what he has heard in reality 8 out of his expectation 9get the message 10famiiliarity 11 knowledge 12 the setting 13 already 14 take in 15 pre-listening preparation 16 give some thought 17 related materials 18vocabulary work 19 fully orientated 20 active thinking 21 ahead of 22logical and intelligent 23 know generally 24 exactly 25 next utteranceUnit9Part11 The European Union2 Food and Agricultural Organization3 International Monetary Fund4 The organization for Economic Cooperation and Development5 The World Health Organization6 the World trade OrganizationB1 the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation2 the Association of Southeast Asian Nations3 the North Atlantic Treaty Organization4 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration5 The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries6 the United Nations Educational ,Scientific and Cultural7 the United Nations international Children’s EmergencyC1 have ended an emergency summit2 the fourth stop on his 9-day visit3 have elected their country’s first woman president4 have met for the first time in two months5 Portugal and Indonesia diplomatic relations6 has been named the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize7 have held demonstrations against growing unemployment 8 two French newsmen9 two hundred more families separated by the Korean WarPart2A 1-c 2-a 3-bB Taking ownership of Panama CanalA noon Friday 90yearsB are planning celebrationsPart3The nature of UN peacekeeping missions High readiness BrigadeAustria ,Canada ,Denmark ,the Netherlands ,PolandTo provide credible and effective peacekeeping troopsSome critics of UN peacekeeping missions have said the troops often take too long to arrive and are often of insufficient number to do the jobUNIT10PART1A2Chinese New Year3Russia4Britain5New Zealand6In Australia7Asia In Hong Kong 8Singapore’s 9In Vietnam10 Thailand11 In Japan 12Egypt13EuropeB 1Vienna 2Ankara 3Madrid 4Bangkok 5Colombo 6Warsaw 7London 8Rangoon 9Mexico City 10Brussels 11Berlin 12Moscow 13Rome 14 Kampala 15WashingtonC 1h 2e 3a 4d 5b 6g 7c 8j 9f 10iPART2A1 1F 2T 3F 4TA21February 18th2for 9,000years/since 9,000 years ago 3heart valves 4one 5pig racing A3 1b 2a 3c 4a 5cA4 1domesticated 2glue 3skin 4 drugs 5nominated 6charity 7fly 8out 9bacon 10thoughtful B1f 2t 3t 4fB21More than 200,000 people congregated to watch a huge parade of lions ,dragons ,drums, and ribbon and fan dancers2 Chinese immigrants first came to London in the mid-19th Century ,consisting mainly of seamen involved in the tea trade via Canton.3 a more recent wave of immigration took place in the 1960s when many workers came from Hong Kong to find work in the flourishing restaurant business.4Today more than 60,000 people of Chinese descent live in London.5 This year’s celebrations include more than 100 events from lion-dancing to elephant chess.Part3A 1time-keeper 2time-signal 3 12:55p.m 1:00p.m 4 150 5 1844 6 the 19th century 7around the world 8 New Zealand GreenwichB 1 time ball dropping/19th century naval tradition 2 20sites/6 continents 3 visual time signals/give the time 4 British Navy/1829 5 normally at noon/this year midnight6 wood &leather7 year 2001Part41 Hogmanay is another word for New Year in Scotland and for some people ,it’s a bigger celebration than Christmas. 2T 3T 4F 4 Auld lang syne is a traditional folk song .5F In January ,almost every shop is full of special offers and bargains.B 1by 2 make 3 get out of 4 give up 5 some weightC Hogmanay parties alcohol celebration pubResolution health shopping bargain salesUNIT11PART1 A1 telexes fax and electronic mail2 robots production workers3 new skills every ten years4 clerical workers5 unemployment6 food from home7 transport from home8 advertising the home9 business travel live video meeting the clientB1 spaceship Mars2 a robot court3 have gone up under the sea4 nuclear war nuclear arms5 brain waves a conversation6 planet tower blocks7 computersC1Mercury 2 Venus 3 the Earth 4Mars 5Jupiter 6 Saturn 7Uranus 8Neptune 9Pluto C2a.<8,000milesb.93,000,000milesc.365.25 daysd.<35,00,000 milese.≈24,000,000 milesf.<o.25million milesPART2A1 product2 100 3in the future 4closed 5 copper 6leafproof 7 placed 8 a low humidity 9 the eye and hand 10discs 11 playable 12 placed 13 a low humidity 14 the eye and hand 15discs 16playableB 3000 life in the world todayan architect from Spainone and one half of space 8separate partsa flower mysteryAprilThe Natural History MuseumC6 magazines sounds of life in New York City/9:09/9/9/1999What people in New York were doing /9:09/9/9/1999a container of fresh water beanie baby/popular with collectorsa medala ceremonial chaira dollcigarettesPART3A ⅰ1action 2present 3resposibility 4 recognize 5 create 6 imposed 7 fate 8forcesⅱ1diagnosis and treatment 2textbooks 3interactive questions 4 alternative results 5affectⅲ1brainwaves 2check out 3busy,tired 4brain activity 5scalp 6 performing well 7 too tired 8 computer analysis 9 monitorB 1forecast and assessment 2tourism 3 1.56billion 4 1.18billion 5 0.38billion 6 717million 8 25% 9 282 million 10 18% 11 4.1% 12>5%。
英语听力入门step-by-step-3000第一册答案与原文
Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB1.2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2.official / language3.One billion / 20 percent4.Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5.500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6.Eighty percent / computers7.African country / same8.1,000 / Africa9.spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types”–the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / collegegeneral exam / School Certificatesitting University Entrance Examinationbachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Somekids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors”and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at ChimoUniversity, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages–it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language– but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French – like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.PartIIIUniversity Life A1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average”student for ourpurposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average”student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes – for example, language classes – will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, withregularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroomPassive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department 11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department 14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the AdministrationBuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of theMain Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12.on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful people16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles.The ArabiaPeninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles.Do you know which is the largest desert?Yes, it’s the SaharaDesert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large.Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles. The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt.Qomolangma (or Mt.Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet. The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,0001.The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census,the total population was 1,243,738,000.2.The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997.3.And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in1997.4.Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 peoplelive there.5.Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. There the population was 159,884,000.6.Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000.7.The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 138,150,000.8.Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997reached 125,638,000.9.The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was122,013,000 in 1997.10.Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people livingthere.11.The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997.12.And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of82,071,000.CChinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million /English 322 million / 189 million / 182 million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / Vietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 189 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5 million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part II1. A baby boy2.social/ ecological/ populations3.longer/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overnight has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the KosovoHospital in Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim willbe sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty million will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part IIIAwater/ 70% red or brown/ plant cover snow/ continents islandsarms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million.I: And London?E: London, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the developing countries?E: The reasons are complex but many are moving to look for work. And the problems this creates are enormous. It’s estimated that 26 million people will be living in Mexico City by the year 2000, with Sao Paulo in Brazil not far behind.I: I t’s difficult to believe.E: I know. Rio de Janeiro will have a population of a mere 13 million. Well, just imagine the kinds of difficulties this is going to cause in terms of health, transport and education.I: Yes. What about the cities of Asia? Will they be experiencing a similar sort of growth?E: In some cases, yes. Calcutta in India which was No. 10 in the league in 1950 is expected to be the fourth biggest city in the world with a population of 16 million- quadrupling its size in just 50 years. Bombay and Delhi too are expected to be in the top ten.I: What about Japan?E: Ah! Well, Tokyo was number three in 1950 and that’s where it’ll be at the beginning of the nextcentury, although its population will have trebled to about 18 million. Looking at the other major cities in Asia, Shanghai and Seoul will be in the top ten as well but, perhaps surprisingly, not Beijing or Hong Kong.I: Now, if we could turn our attention to home, what about the trend of people moving out of the cities…Part IV skills /the main idea/what/recognize/central / important/direction/ purpose/inform/compare/answer/stated/atopicsentence/ first/ details/ difficult/ persuade/ end/ implied/ hinted at/a wholeUnit 3 Traveling from Place to Place PartⅠABA912/11:20/17BA877/11:20/14BA292/11:25/19TW695/11:30/164EA831/11:35/24BA838/9IB290/11:35/15LH039/11:40/9BA666/11:40/18AI141/6BA560/22Last call for British airways flight BA912 for Tokyo. BA912 for Tokyo due to depart at 11:20 boarding at gate 17.British airways flight BA877 to Boston. British airways flight BA877 to Boston duo to depart at 11:20 boarding now at gate 14.British airways flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi. Flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi duo to depart at 11:25 now board at gate 19.TWA flight, TW695to NewYork. TW A flight TW695 to NewYork departing at 11:30 boarding at gate 16.BTea, soft drinks, coffee, Egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and chips, roast chicken, cheeseburgersTape script:Chief Steward: may I have your attention please, ladies and gentlemen? This is the chief steward speaking. We would like to inform all passengers that the buffet car is now open. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. On sale are tea, coffee and soft drinks, a selection of fresh and toasted sandwiches including egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and cress, roast chicken and toasted cheese; cheeseburgers, beef burgers and sausages and a licensed bar. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. Thank you.PartⅡ9:15/10:3010:30/13:30Quick/beautiful view /frequent service (hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining car Have to get Gatwick airport/ expensive quite crowded/quite expensiveA-Annabel C-Charles D-DouglasD: Ah! That’s much better!C: Ah! That’s yours, I think…er…Doug.D: Thank you very much, Charles.C: Right. You have a good journey then, Douglas?D: Yes I did, I did. I must say the plane was marvelous, marvelous.C: Very quick, then?D: Er…the plane journey was terrifically quick…er…I mean, you…er…what…you met me about 9…er…what…er…10…10:45.C: About 10:30.。
Step by step 3000第一册 原文和答案 Unit1
Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,0008. located / 135 / thirdB1.2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2.official / language3.One billion / 20 percent4.Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5.500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6.Eighty percent / computers7.African country / same8.1,000 / Africa9.spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC1 – (a)2 – ( c)3 – ( d)4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basiclearner “types” – the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / college general exam / School Certificatesitting University Entrance Examination bachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course ofhigher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Some kids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors” and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages – it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language – but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French – like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.Part III University LifeA1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average” student for our purposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average” student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes – for example, language classes – will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage theirstudents to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent workthan those in undergraduate schools, with regularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroom Passive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground 9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department 11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the endof the Main Road is 12. on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.。
英语听力入门基础step-by-step-3000第一册规范标准答案及其原文
Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciationofficial / languageOne billion / 20 percentFour hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign500,000 words / Eighty percent / otherEighty percent / computersAfrican country / same1,000 / Africaspaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types”–the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type”rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / college general exam / School Certificate sitting University Entrance Examination bachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years. Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Some kids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors” and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learnskills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world. P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages – it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language – but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French – like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase”which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry”for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”. I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.Part III University Life A1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hr Today I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average”student for our purposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average”student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes –for example, language classes –will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, with regularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later makea presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroom Passive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department 11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department 14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administrationis 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12. on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last,8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful people16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles. The Arabia Peninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles. Do you know which is the largest desert? Yes, it’s the Sahara Desert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large. Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles.The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt. Qomolangma (or Mt. Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet.The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,000The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census, the total population was 1,243,738,000.The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997. And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in 1997.Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 people live there.Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. There the population was 159,884,000.Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000.The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 138,150,000.Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997 reached 125,638,000.The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was 122,013,000 in 1997.Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people living there.The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997. And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of 82,071,000.CChinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million /English 322 million / 189 million / 182 million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / Vietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 189 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part IIA baby boysocial/ ecological/ populationslonger/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overnight has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the Kosovo Hospital in Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty million will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part III Awater/ 70% red or brown/ plant cover snow/ continents islands arms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/ 10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million. I: And London?E: London, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the developing countries?E: The reasons are complex but many are moving to look for work. And the problems this creates are enormous. It’s estimated that 26 million people will be living in Mexico City by the year 2000, with Sao Paulo in Brazil not far behind.I: It’s difficult to believe.E: I know. Rio de Janeiro will have a population of a mere 13 million. Well, just imagine the kinds of difficulties this is going to cause in terms of health, transport and education. I: Yes. What about the cities of Asia? Will they be experiencing a similar sort of growth? E: In some cases, yes. Calcutta in India which was No. 10 in the league in 1950 is expected to be the fourth biggest city in the world with a population of 16 million- quadrupling its size in just 50 years. Bombay and Delhi too are expected to be in the top ten.I: What about Japan?E: Ah! Well, Tokyo was number three in 1950 and that’s where it’ll be at the beginning of the next century, although its population will have trebled to about 18 million. Looking at the other major cities in Asia, Shanghai and Seoul will be in the top ten as well but, perhaps surprisingly, not Beijing or Hong Kong.I: Now, if we could turn our attention to home, what about the trend of people moving out of the cities…Part IV skills /the main idea/what/recognize/central / important/direction/ purpose/inform/compare/answer/stated/a topic sentence/ first/ details/ difficult/ persuade/ end/ implied/ hinted at/a wholeUnit 3 Traveling from Place to Place Part Ⅰ ABA912/11:20/17 BA877/11:20/14 BA292/11:25/19 TW695/11:30/16 4 EA831/11:35/24BA838/9 IB290/11:35/15 LH039/11:40/9 BA666/11:40/18 AI141/6 BA560/22 Last call for British airways flight BA912 for Tokyo. BA912 for Tokyo due to depart at 11:20 boarding at gate 17.British airways flight BA877 to Boston. British airways flight BA877 to Boston duo to depart at 11:20 boarding now at gate 14.British airways flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi. Flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi duo to depart at 11:25 now board at gate 19.TWA flight, TW695to New York. TWA flight TW695 to New York departing at 11:30 boarding at gate 16.B Tea, soft drinks, coffee, Egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and chips, roast chicken, cheeseburgersTape script:Chief Steward: may I have your attention please, ladies and gentlemen? This is the chief steward speaking. We would like to inform all passengers that the buffet car is now open. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. On sale are tea, coffee and soft drinks, a selection of fresh and toasted sandwiches including egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and cress, roast chicken and toasted cheese; cheeseburgers, beef burgers and sausages and a licensed bar. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. Thank you.Part Ⅱ9:15/10:30 10:30/13:30Quick/beautiful view /frequent service (hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining carHave to get Gatwick airport/ expensive quite crowded/quite expensiveA-Annabel C-Charles D-DouglasD: Ah! That’s much better!C: Ah! That’s yours, I think…er…Doug.D: Thank you very much, Charles.C: Right. You have a good journey then, Douglas?D: Yes I did, I did. I must say the plane was marvelous, marvelous.C: Very quick, then?D: Er…the plane journey was terrifically quick…er…I mean, you…er…what…you met me about 9…er…what…er…10…10:45.C: About 10:30.D: Yes, the plane got in at…er…10:30 and we left at 9:15.C: What time didi you have to start though in the morning?D: Well, that…er…that wa a different story, because I had to get to Victoria…um…at…you。
英语听力入门step-by-step-3000第一册答案及原文
Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciationofficial / languageOne billion / 20 percentFour hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign500,000 words / Eighty percent / otherEighty percent / computersAfrican country / same1,000 / Africaspaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types”–the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type”rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / college general exam / School Certificate sitting University Entrance Examination bachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years. Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Some kids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors” and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learnskills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world. P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages – it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language – but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French – like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase”which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry”for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”. I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.Part III University Life A1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hr Today I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average”student for our purposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average”student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes –for example, language classes –will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, with regularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later makea presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroom Passive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department 11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department 14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administrationis 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12. on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last,8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful people16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles. The Arabia Peninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles. Do you know which is the largest desert? Yes, it’s the Sahara Desert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large. Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles.The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt. Qomolangma (or Mt. Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet.The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,000The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census, the total population was 1,243,738,000.The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997. And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in 1997.Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 people live there.Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. There the population was 159,884,000.Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000.The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 138,150,000.Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997 reached 125,638,000.The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was 122,013,000 in 1997.Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people living there.The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997. And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of 82,071,000.CChinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million /English 322 million / 189 million / 182 million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / Vietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 189 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part IIA baby boysocial/ ecological/ populationslonger/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overnight has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the Kosovo Hospital in Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty million will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part III Awater/ 70% red or brown/ plant cover snow/ continents islands arms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/ 10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million. I: And London?E: London, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the developing countries?E: The reasons are complex but many are moving to look for work. And the problems this creates are enormous. It’s estimated that 26 million people will be living in Mexico City by the year 2000, with Sao Paulo in Brazil not far behind.I: It’s difficult to believe.E: I know. Rio de Janeiro will have a population of a mere 13 million. Well, just imagine the kinds of difficulties this is going to cause in terms of health, transport and education. I: Yes. What about the cities of Asia? Will they be experiencing a similar sort of growth? E: In some cases, yes. Calcutta in India which was No. 10 in the league in 1950 is expected to be the fourth biggest city in the world with a population of 16 million- quadrupling its size in just 50 years. Bombay and Delhi too are expected to be in the top ten.I: What about Japan?E: Ah! Well, Tokyo was number three in 1950 and that’s where it’ll be at the beginning of the next century, although its population will have trebled to about 18 million. Looking at the other major cities in Asia, Shanghai and Seoul will be in the top ten as well but, perhaps surprisingly, not Beijing or Hong Kong.I: Now, if we could turn our attention to home, what about the trend of people moving out of the cities…Part IV skills /the main idea/what/recognize/central / important/direction/ purpose/inform/compare/answer/stated/a topic sentence/ first/ details/ difficult/ persuade/ end/ implied/ hinted at/a wholeUnit 3 Traveling from Place to Place Part Ⅰ ABA912/11:20/17 BA877/11:20/14 BA292/11:25/19 TW695/11:30/16 4 EA831/11:35/24BA838/9 IB290/11:35/15 LH039/11:40/9 BA666/11:40/18 AI141/6 BA560/22 Last call for British airways flight BA912 for Tokyo. BA912 for Tokyo due to depart at 11:20 boarding at gate 17.British airways flight BA877 to Boston. British airways flight BA877 to Boston duo to depart at 11:20 boarding now at gate 14.British airways flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi. Flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi duo to depart at 11:25 now board at gate 19.TWA flight, TW695to New York. TWA flight TW695 to New York departing at 11:30 boarding at gate 16.B Tea, soft drinks, coffee, Egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and chips, roast chicken, cheeseburgersTape script:Chief Steward: may I have your attention please, ladies and gentlemen? This is the chief steward speaking. We would like to inform all passengers that the buffet car is now open. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. On sale are tea, coffee and soft drinks, a selection of fresh and toasted sandwiches including egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and cress, roast chicken and toasted cheese; cheeseburgers, beef burgers and sausages and a licensed bar. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. Thank you.Part Ⅱ9:15/10:30 10:30/13:30Quick/beautiful view /frequent service (hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining carHave to get Gatwick airport/ expensive quite crowded/quite expensiveA-Annabel C-Charles D-DouglasD: Ah! That’s much better!C: Ah! That’s yours, I think…er…Doug.D: Thank you very much, Charles.C: Right. You have a good journey then, Douglas?D: Yes I did, I did. I must say the plane was marvelous, marvelous.C: Very quick, then?D: Er…the plane journey was terrifically quick…er…I mean, you…er…what…you met me about 9…er…what…er…10…10:45.C: About 10:30.D: Yes, the plane got in at…er…10:30 and we left at 9:15.C: What time didi you have to start though in the morning?D: Well, that…er…that wa a different story, because I had to get to Victoria…um…at…you。
英语听力入门step-by-step-3000第一册答案及原文doc资料
Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciationofficial / languageOne billion / 20 percentFour hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign500,000 words / Eighty percent / otherEighty percent / computersAfrican country / same1,000 / Africaspaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types”–the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type”rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / college general exam / School Certificate sitting University Entrance Examination bachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years. Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Some kids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors” and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learnskills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world. P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages – it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language – but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French – like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase”which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry”for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”. I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.Part III University Life A1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hr Today I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average”student for our purposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average”student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes –for example, language classes –will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, with regularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later makea presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroom Passive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department 11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department 14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administrationis 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12. on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last,8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful people16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles. The Arabia Peninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles. Do you know which is the largest desert? Yes, it’s the Sahara Desert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large. Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles.The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt. Qomolangma (or Mt. Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet.The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,000The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census, the total population was 1,243,738,000.The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997. And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in 1997.Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 people live there.Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. There the population was 159,884,000.Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000.The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 138,150,000.Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997 reached 125,638,000.The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was 122,013,000 in 1997.Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people living there.The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997. And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of 82,071,000.CChinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million /English 322 million / 189 million / 182 million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / Vietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 189 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part IIA baby boysocial/ ecological/ populationslonger/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overnight has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the Kosovo Hospital in Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty million will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part III Awater/ 70% red or brown/ plant cover snow/ continents islands arms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/ 10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million. I: And London?E: London, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the developing countries?E: The reasons are complex but many are moving to look for work. And the problems this creates are enormous. It’s estimated that 26 million people will be living in Mexico City by the year 2000, with Sao Paulo in Brazil not far behind.I: It’s difficult to believe.E: I know. Rio de Janeiro will have a population of a mere 13 million. Well, just imagine the kinds of difficulties this is going to cause in terms of health, transport and education. I: Yes. What about the cities of Asia? Will they be experiencing a similar sort of growth? E: In some cases, yes. Calcutta in India which was No. 10 in the league in 1950 is expected to be the fourth biggest city in the world with a population of 16 million- quadrupling its size in just 50 years. Bombay and Delhi too are expected to be in the top ten.I: What about Japan?E: Ah! Well, Tokyo was number three in 1950 and that’s where it’ll be at the beginning of the next century, although its population will have trebled to about 18 million. Looking at the other major cities in Asia, Shanghai and Seoul will be in the top ten as well but, perhaps surprisingly, not Beijing or Hong Kong.I: Now, if we could turn our attention to home, what about the trend of people moving out of the cities…Part IV skills /the main idea/what/recognize/central / important/direction/ purpose/inform/compare/answer/stated/a topic sentence/ first/ details/ difficult/ persuade/ end/ implied/ hinted at/a wholeUnit 3 Traveling from Place to Place Part Ⅰ ABA912/11:20/17 BA877/11:20/14 BA292/11:25/19 TW695/11:30/16 4 EA831/11:35/24BA838/9 IB290/11:35/15 LH039/11:40/9 BA666/11:40/18 AI141/6 BA560/22 Last call for British airways flight BA912 for Tokyo. BA912 for Tokyo due to depart at 11:20 boarding at gate 17.British airways flight BA877 to Boston. British airways flight BA877 to Boston duo to depart at 11:20 boarding now at gate 14.British airways flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi. Flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi duo to depart at 11:25 now board at gate 19.TWA flight, TW695to New York. TWA flight TW695 to New York departing at 11:30 boarding at gate 16.B Tea, soft drinks, coffee, Egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and chips, roast chicken, cheeseburgersTape script:Chief Steward: may I have your attention please, ladies and gentlemen? This is the chief steward speaking. We would like to inform all passengers that the buffet car is now open. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. On sale are tea, coffee and soft drinks, a selection of fresh and toasted sandwiches including egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and cress, roast chicken and toasted cheese; cheeseburgers, beef burgers and sausages and a licensed bar. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. Thank you.Part Ⅱ9:15/10:30 10:30/13:30Quick/beautiful view /frequent service (hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining carHave to get Gatwick airport/ expensive quite crowded/quite expensiveA-Annabel C-Charles D-DouglasD: Ah! That’s much better!C: Ah! That’s yours, I think…er…Doug.D: Thank you very much, Charles.C: Right. You have a good journey then, Douglas?D: Yes I did, I did. I must say the plane was marvelous, marvelous.C: Very quick, then?D: Er…the plane journey was terrifically quick…er…I mean, you…er…what…you met me about 9…er…what…er…10…10:45.C: About 10:30.D: Yes, the plane got in at…er…10:30 and we left at 9:15.C: What time didi you have to start though in the morning?D: Well, that…er…that wa a different story, because I had to get to Victoria…um…at…you。
step by step 3000第一册答案(全)
1 Education is a keyPart 1 warming upA1 ①oxford ②commitment ③academic record2 ①oldest ②largest ③reputation ④research ⑤science3 ①first ②Australia ③150 years ④excels4 ①excellence ②17,000 ③location5 ①largest ②1883 ③situated ④26,0006 ①1636 ②enrollment ③18,500 ④schools7 ①awards ②degrees ③20,0008 ①located ②135 ③thirdB 1 ①2,700 languages ②7,000 dialects ③regional ④pronunciation2 ①official language3 ①one billion ②20 percent4 ①four hundred million ②first ③600 million ④second ⑤foreign5 ①500,000words ②eighty percent ③other6 ①eighty percent ②computers7 ①African country ②same8 ①1,000 ②Africa9 ①spaceship ②1977 ③55 ④message ⑤the United NationC 1-a 2-c 3-d 4-bPart 2A2511 16 611 1614 5 11 1612/136 about13 16A3 1 GCSE examinations2 students/ higher education3 student/second year/high school/college4 general exam/School Certificate5 sitting University Entrance Examination6 bachelor’s degree:3/4yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3~7 yearsB1 Idioms in informal English Largest vocabulary French spelling &pronunciation B2 f t fPart 31A Age D Foreign student population 2 A 15hrs（+2 or 3for lab）+100Discussion group:15~20Much smallerInformal friendly2~3hrs:1hr University life 2 Examinations Quizzesregular attendance Seminarssome area of interest a research paperB2make mistakes passive every new thing the teacherthe language stick his neck out working outside the classroom more likely to be right than himself part4A 2 the History Department 3 the Psychology Department4 the Library5 the Education Department6 the Philosophy Department7 the Geography Department8 the Sports Ground 9 the Foreign Languages Department10 the Chinese Department 11 the Physic Department12the Mathematic Department 13 the Chemistry Department14 the Clinic 15the Auditorium16 the Administration BuildingB Robert Martin Biology Next fallSix years in a public school in the hometown ;two years in a military school ;high school in the hometown Science(biology in particular),sportsUnit2 colorful lands, colorful peoplePart116,998,000 64,186,000 840,0001,000,000 3，320，000 143，244 32，483 2，966，000 5，105，700 29，028-1，3125，315 36，1984，145B1,243,738000 955,220,000 267,901,000 199,867,000 159,884,000 147,105,000 138,150,000 125,638,000 122,013,000 118,369,000 96,400,000 82,071,000CChinese 1300million Spanish 332 English 322 Russian 189 Japanese 182 German 170 Korean 170 Vietnamese 125 Turkish 98 Polish 75.5Arabic 75 72 67 66 64 63 59 58 44 44 42.5 42.5 41Part2A 1 a bad boy 2 ①social ②ecologic ③populations 3 ①longer ②healthierB 1-b 2-c 3-aPart3A1water 2 70% 3 red or brown 4 plant cover 5 snow 6 continents 7 islands 8 arms of the ocean 9 connecting 10 a channel 11valleys 12 plainsB 2 12 million10 103 16 6 18 4B2 1.Mexico City 2.Sao Paulo 3Rio de Janeiro 4Bombay 5 Delhi 6Shanghai 7Seoul Part4 1skills 2 the main idea 3what 4recongnize 5central 6important 7direction 8purpose9inform 10 compare 11answer 12stated 13 a topic sentence 13 first 14 details 15 difficult 16 persuade 17end 18impiled 19hinted 20 a wholeUnit3 travelling from place to placeABA912 11:20 17 BA877 11:20 14 BA292 11:25 19 TW695 11:30 16 EA831 11:35 4 BA838 11:35 24 IB290 11:40 9 LH039 11:40 15 BA666 9 AI141 18 BA560 622BTea soft drinks coffee egg and tomato ham and tomato roast chicken cheeseburgers Part29:15 10:30 10:30 13:30quick/beautiful view (frequent service(hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining car) have to get Gatwick airport quite crowded/quite expensivepart3sep.4-sep.17 aug.5-aug.182 double and 1 single 1double and 1 big bedroom3 1 full bathroom3(kitchen ,dining room ,sitting-room) 2(kitchen ,living-sitting room)√×√×80for a Fiesta 98 for a Fiesta(价格的符号没找到)√√570 270Bb dunit4 approaching culturepart1a tie is too personal roses mean love even numbers(2,3,6,ect)are unlucky Japanese people usually don’t give four of anything as a giftB 1 Japan Korea 2Brazil Russia 3 Canada The USA 4Egypt MexicoCDA TA AREAFebruary 14 European North AmericanMarch2 JapanMay 5 JapanMay 5 ChinaAugust15 ChinaApril1 European North AmericanJuly14 FranceDecember26 Britain CanadaMay 1 European Canada Philippine Latin AmericanNovermber25 FranceMarch17 IrelandThe 2nd Sunday England France India ChinaPart 2I 1changed 2few 3bored 4 rainy II 1museum directors 2 what they are seeing III1provide fun 2feel at homeA2Museum activities electricity /pass/ body17th century instruments/music Put on costumes/the Stockholm Opera Bone-by-boneA31 Reaching out to new audiences A the young C the less educated members2 A rebuilt B 1modern 2lighting,color and sound 3fewer objects3 A guided B touch ,listen, operate and experiment / scientific principles4 providing educational services and children`s departments A film B dance Part 2 B squid his nameC1 a vendors b fortune c eating a street performers b portrait painting C21a special powders/attract men1b objects/for snake bites2 shells/on a cloth/the way they land3 round cakes/ban four/hot spices/fried 4a folk singers/guitars4b classical musicians4c actors5 practice drawing and paintingPart3A2much busier Monday and Saturdaymuch colder -30℃much flatter humid and hotmountainoushigher rocky beautifulmore crowded tallersmallerB左1France Latin American 右1Kenya 左2Tunisia 右2Creece左3Lebanon Iran 右3Tonga 左4Italy 右4Europe Latin America左5Mexico,Costa Rica ,Japan 右5Bolivia，Honduras Lebanon左6Barbados 右6Bangladesh最后一幅Greece ，Iran ,ItalyPart41f 2f 3t 4t 5fB 1g 2f 3j 4i 5e 6b 7h 8a 9d 10cUnit5 Net Changes lifePART1 October 1969 first email messageMarch 1972 addressesFebruary1976 head of stateFall 1976 Jimmy Carter US$4September1983 higher education accouts December1994 erase destroyDecember1998BAs I see it opinionworthif I’m wrongas a matter of fact believe it or not information own business standardfor nowbe seein’ youCTim Berners-Lee In the 1980sIn 1990On to the internet10/100000e-commerce people with imagination and new ideapart 2materials that are connecteda systema connection of systems that work together Radio and TV stations ,computers ,peoplesA2 Connection of railroads or other vehicles Connected system of radio stations System linking a number of computers togetherB getting assignments and research papers attending professor’s ‘virtual office hours’course lectures online gamestoll-free phone call e-commerce orders左边：entertainment communicationspart3 the desktop into our everyday life experimenting anarchy disappear economies BPerson to person, real many more real friendsrelatives careersneighbors medical crisescolleagues choosing a school or collegeby phoneB2 Reaching out to more people Keeping more to ourselvesPart4 1 daily communication 2broadcast programs 3in print 4listening 5 failure 6digit 7losses 8ignore 9read 10 intensive training 11 regular 12 commas 13 sensitivity to numbersUNIT6Part1A 1932 Paris 1972 Berlin Tokyo1-d 2-a 3-g 4-b 5-f 6-e 7-cB watch games on television or listen on the radio baseballplay the sport American footballsoccerC 1d 2h 3a 4e 5i 6c 7g 8b 9j 10fPART2A 1friendly/warm/affectionatedrunk/aggressive/scream/shout/push people around/smash glasses/monsters2He finds it difficult to understand why normal ,nice people behave so badly at football matches. 3enjoy themselves/no aggression or violence4rugby/tennis 5They sit there silently throughoutB 1goodwill between the nations 2 football or cricket 3on the battlefields 4 international sporting contests 5competitive 6little meaning 7 pick up sides 8 the fun and exercise 9some larger unit 10 aroused 10 a school football match 11the attitude of the spectators 12the nations 13 tests of national virtuePart31scince 19882 in 20013 in 19484 in 19605 by 20041c 2a 3d 4b 5e B1wheelchair tennis and basketball2teach all kinds of sports to disabled people try a sport as if they were disabledfor the Paralympics3the ability to move his legs4 his body and mind again5 wireless earphonesvisual interpretersUNIT7PART1 Aclear 90-75 rain 93-73 cloudy 86-70 cloudy 79-59BConversation1 3 Conversation2 8 Conversation3 right right Conversation4 four fourthC 1speed limit 30 miles an hour 2 end of speed limit 3 cross-roads 4 bend 5 road junction 6 hill 7 road narrows 8 level crossing 9 school 10 parkingPART2 1last month 2 oil 3the environment 4 cars ,buses ,motorized bicycles 5 another kind of fuel 6 hybrids and vehicles that use other kinds of fuels than oilB 1 electricity 2 natural gas or propane 3 walking ,biking ,using public transportation systems 4changes in the world climate 5air pollution 6 health problemsPART3A 1 this week 2 road users 3 the number of road accidents 4 take basic measures 5 seat belts 6 focus more on road safety 7 safer roads 8 traffic-free play areasBAsia children playing in the streetyoung and inexperienced car driversa badly designedb badly maintainedc road users the rules conclusion predictedPART4A 1 increasing gridlock urgent measures to promote mass transit systems2 Bangkok +100 10 transportation and air qualityB1 B pollution C traffic snarls D economic costs2 better public transportation systemsdriving 3 more efficient too expensive fastest to implement low return to investors /governments low-costUNIT8Part1A 1.$25,000,000,000 2.$161,000,000 3.$37,000,000,000 28,000,000,000dollar $24,000,000,000 4.30,000,000 5.$1,000,000,000 6.5.5% 7.5% 7.550 7%8.0.25% 4.75% 4.5%B 1 increasing their protests against rising fuel prices 2 a meeting of African nations3 the Czech Republic by early 2003 a conference of EU members4 Central Bank governors Britain ,Canada,France,Germany,Japan and the United States5 reduce the amount of oil harming their economies6 cutting taxes on oil products7 increase trade bring peace and security to the area in Manila 8 support policies that keep inflation low 9 open Japanese ports to foreign companies10 his country’s economy a leading manufacturing and financial centerC1 93,000,0002 97,000,000 133,000,0003 1.5% 16%4 100,000,0005 210,000,000,000 5.1%6 17,500,0007 1.3%8 9.5% 0.1% 10,500,0009 27,000,000,00010 0.6%PART2A 1 large forces national or international 2 unemployment and inflation job creation 3 too high demands in the present growth and investment in the futureB 1 letting inflation increase Higher inflation 2 very high savings ratePart3A 1 noisy place/bell/lighted messages/computers/talk on the telephone/shout/run around2experts/salespeople/buy &sell shares of companies 3 shares4 a list of stocks sold on the New York Stock Exchange5 prices/go down6prices/go up 7 a company that does not earn enough profit8 a sharp increase in the value of a stock /something wonderful that happens unexpectedlyB 1 in 1837 1n a newspaper in Illinois2 old story /sold the skin of a bear /before caught it3 a long connection/bulls and bears/in sports/popular years ago/England4 fish/turn over on their backs /die 5England/centuries ago /poor people/banned/cutting trees/the wind blew down the tree /take for fuelPart4 1communicative activity 2 extended 3 continuously 4 specific readiness 5 constantly setting up 6 constantly testing 7 what he has heard in reality 8 out of his expectation 9get the message 10famiiliarity 11 knowledge 12 the setting 13 already 14 take in 15 pre-listening preparation 16 give some thought 17 related materials 18vocabulary work 19 fully orientated 20 active thinking 21 ahead of 22logical and intelligent 23 know generally 24 exactly 25 next utteranceUnit9Part11 The European Union2 Food and Agricultural Organization3 International Monetary Fund4 The organization for Economic Cooperation and Development5 The World Health Organization6 the World trade OrganizationB1 the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation2 the Association of Southeast Asian Nations3 the North Atlantic Treaty Organization4 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration5 The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries6 the United Nations Educational ,Scientific and Cultural7 the United Nations international Children’s EmergencyC1 have ended an emergency summit2 the fourth stop on his 9-day visit3 have elected their country’s first woman president4 have met for the first time in two months5 Portugal and Indonesia diplomatic relations6 has been named the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize7 have held demonstrations against growing unemployment 8 two French newsmen9 two hundred more families separated by the Korean WarPart2A 1-c 2-a 3-bB Taking ownership of Panama CanalA noon Friday 90yearsB are planning celebrationsPart3The nature of UN peacekeeping missions High readiness BrigadeAustria ,Canada ,Denmark ,the Netherlands ,PolandTo provide credible and effective peacekeeping troopsSome critics of UN peacekeeping missions have said the troops often take too long to arrive and are often of insufficient number to do the jobUNIT10PART1A2Chinese New Year3Russia4Britain5New Zealand6In Australia7Asia In Hong Kong 8Singapore’s 9In Vietnam10 Thailand11 In Japan 12Egypt13EuropeB 1Vienna 2Ankara 3Madrid 4Bangkok 5Colombo 6Warsaw 7London 8Rangoon 9Mexico City 10Brussels 11Berlin 12Moscow 13Rome 14 Kampala 15WashingtonC 1h 2e 3a 4d 5b 6g 7c 8j 9f 10iPART2A1 1F 2T 3F 4TA21February 18th2for 9,000years/since 9,000 years ago 3heart valves 4one 5pig racing A3 1b 2a 3c 4a 5cA4 1domesticated 2glue 3skin 4 drugs 5nominated 6charity 7fly 8out 9bacon 10thoughtful B1f 2t 3t 4fB21More than 200,000 people congregated to watch a huge parade of lions ,dragons ,drums, and ribbon and fan dancers2 Chinese immigrants first came to London in the mid-19th Century ,consisting mainly of seamen involved in the tea trade via Canton.3 a more recent wave of immigration took place in the 1960s when many workers came from Hong Kong to find work in the flourishing restaurant business.4Today more than 60,000 people of Chinese descent live in London.5 This year’s celebrations include more than 100 events from lion-dancing to elephant chess.Part3A 1time-keeper 2time-signal 3 12:55p.m 1:00p.m 4 150 5 1844 6 the 19th century 7around the world 8 New Zealand GreenwichB 1 time ball dropping/19th century naval tradition 2 20sites/6 continents 3 visual time signals/give the time 4 British Navy/1829 5 normally at noon/this year midnight6 wood &leather7 year 2001Part41 Hogmanay is another word for New Year in Scotland and for some people ,it’s a bigger celebration than Christmas. 2T 3T 4F 4 Auld lang syne is a traditional folk song .5F In January ,almost every shop is full of special offers and bargains.B 1by 2 make 3 get out of 4 give up 5 some weightC Hogmanay parties alcohol celebration pubResolution health shopping bargain salesUNIT11PART1 A1 telexes fax and electronic mail2 robots production workers3 new skills every ten years4 clerical workers5 unemployment6 food from home7 transport from home8 advertising the home9 business travel live video meeting the clientB1 spaceship Mars2 a robot court3 have gone up under the sea4 nuclear war nuclear arms5 brain waves a conversation6 planet tower blocks7 computersC1Mercury 2 Venus 3 the Earth 4Mars 5Jupiter 6 Saturn 7Uranus 8Neptune 9Pluto C2a.<8,000milesb.93,000,000milesc.365.25 daysd.<35,00,000 milese.≈24,000,000 milesf.<o.25million milesPART2A1 product2 100 3in the future 4closed 5 copper 6leafproof 7 placed 8 a low humidity 9 the eye and hand 10discs 11 playable 12 placed 13 a low humidity 14 the eye and hand 15discs 16playableB 3000 life in the world todayan architect from Spainone and one half of space 8separate partsa flower mysteryAprilThe Natural History MuseumC6 magazines sounds of life in New York City/9:09/9/9/1999What people in New York were doing /9:09/9/9/1999a container of fresh water beanie baby/popular with collectorsa medala ceremonial chaira dollcigarettesPART3A ⅰ1action 2present 3resposibility 4 recognize 5 create 6 imposed 7 fate 8forcesⅱ1diagnosis and treatment 2textbooks 3interactive questions 4 alternative results 5affectⅲ1brainwaves 2check out 3busy,tired 4brain activity 5scalp 6 performing well 7 too tired 8 computer analysis 9 monitorB 1forecast and assessment 2tourism 3 1.56billion 4 1.18billion 5 0.38billion 6 717million 8 25% 9 282 million 10 18% 11 4.1% 12>5%。
step_by_step_3000第一册Unit11-12_答案及原文.docx
Unit 11 Part IBusiness travel/ live video meetings/ the clientTape script:I-Interviewer M-Man W-Woman I: What do you think might happen in the business world in the next 20 years or so?W: Um... thereU1 be no more telexes, business will only use fax and electronic mail.M: Mm.・.Oflicc cleaning will be done by robots.W: Well, I there will be much more unemployment.M: Well, I think, people will have to retain for new skills every ten years ・W: I think robots will replace production workers.M: Computers will replace clerical workers.M: People will buy their food from home ・W: There'll be less need for transport, as people will work from home ・M: Most consumer advertising will be delivered directly to the home.W: Well, business travel will be replaced by live video meetings. There won't be any need to go to see the client any more ・B. spaceship/ Mars a robot court have gone upunder the sea nuclear war / nuclear armsbrain waves/ a conversation planet/ tower blockscomputersC. Cl. 1. Mercury 2. Venus 3. the Earth 4. Mars5. Jupitcr6. Saturn7. Uranus8. Neptune9. Pluto C2.<&000 miles 93,000,000 miles 3651/4 days <35,000,000 miles =24,000,000 miles<1/4 million miles Tape script:The Earth is a planet just under 8,000 miles in diameter, moving round the Sun at a distance of93,000,000 miles, and completing one circuit in 365 1/4 days ・ It is not the only planet; eight others are known, all with their own special points of interest ・ Mercury and Venus are closer to the Sun than we are; Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto are farther away. Of course, the nearest to us are Mars, which may approach the Earth to within 35,000,000 miles, and Venus, which has a minimum distance from us of only about 24,000,000 miles. Mars and Venus arc also the only two planets which do not appear to be overwhelmingly hostile ・ However, they are much more remote than our onenatural satellite, the Moon, which moves around the Earth at a mean distance of less than a quarter of a million miles.Part IIA. protect 100/ in the future closed copper leakproofplaced a low humidity the eye and hand discs/ playable dry telexes/ fax and electronic mailnew skills eveiy ten yearsunemployment transport/ fromhomerobots/ production workers clerical workers food from home advertising/ the homeB・ 3000/ life in the world today an architect from Spainone and one half? of space/ 8 separate parts a flower/ mysteryApril the Natural History MuseumC. 6 magazines sounds of life in New York City/ 9:09⑼9/1999what people in New York were doing/9:09/9/9/1999 a container of fresh water a medal a ceremonial chaira doll beanie baby/popular with collectors cigarettesTape script:Have you ever thought about what you would save from today to show to people in the future? Some people are thinking about it. They are involved in a project to save objects in a container that is not to be opened until New Yearns Day 1,000 years form now・ The container is a time capsule.The idea for this time capsule came from the people at the New York Times newspaper. So it is called the Times capsule・ The papers and objects to be put in it are to help people in the year 3000 understand about life in the world today. First, a container was needed to keep the materials safe. So the newspaper invited 48 architects and designers from around the world to take part in a design competition. An architect from Spain Santiago Caltravo won. His winning design is a shiny steel container. It has one and one half cubic meters of space inside・ It is shaped like a flower with eight separate parts・ Mr. Caltravo says he wanted the container to be beautiful yet create a feeling of mystery. Some of the things that will be placed in the Times capsule have been chosen. They are being shown along with the Times capsule at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.Among the objects arc six magazines published by the New York Times which described the last 1,000 years, a recording of the sounds of life in New York City made at 9:09 in the morning of the 9th day of the 9th month of 1999, pictures taken of what some people in New York were doing at that same time, a small container of fresh water from a river in Brazil, and an American military medal, a ceremonial chair from Zimbabwe, a beanie baby doll popular with collectors, Marlboro cigarettes・ Other things will be chosen to represent life at the present time. Visitors to the museum can use two computers to enter their own suggestions・ The objects chosen by a special committee will be placed in the capsule before it is closed in April.Then the large steel container will be moved to its permanent home outside the entrance of the Natural History Museum.Although the Times capsule is not to be opened for 1,000 years, it should not be forgotten. A guard will be paid to watch over it and remind people of why it is important. The creators of the project hope the guard duty will be passed on from person to person through the next ten centuries.Part III A1 ・ actions / present / responsibility recognize create/ imposed fate/ forces2.diagnosis and treatment textbooks interactive questions / alternative results/ affect3.brainwaves/ check out/ busy, tired brain activityscalp/ performing well too tired/ computer analysis monitorTape script:1.Your 21st centuryThe future will not determine itself. The future is determined by the actions of the present day. Edward Cornish, the editor of The Futurist magazine published by the World Future Society,says, “The responsibility we have for the future begins when we recognize that we ourselves create the future一that the future is not something imposed upon us by fate or other forces beyond our control/5 2.Your 21s, century doctorMore and more doctors will use computers for medical diagnosis and treatment.You will visit your doctor, and find that he uses a computer screen and visual infonnation about your condition instead of his textbooks・Computers in your home will enable you to answer interactive questions about your health and show the alternative results which will affect you if you act in a certain way.3 ・ Your 21st century brainYour brainwaves may be used to check out whether you are busy, tired, or doing your work properly.Psychologist Arthur F. Kramer, at the University of Illinois, tested volunteers working on arithmetic problems. He found that he could predict their performance from the strength of the brain's electrical activity. This is measured through the scalp.The future? Bosses could measure brain activity through the scalp and tell whether a worker is performing well, working hard, or too tired to do the job properly. Ongoing computer analysis could tell whether a worker, such as an air traffic controller, is seeing all the activity they have to monitor clearly eno ugh ・B・ forecast and assignment/ tourism 1.56 billion 1.18 billion 0.38 billion717 million 46% 397 million 25% 282 million18% 4.1% >5%Tape script:WTO long-term forecast tourism 2020 visionTourism 2020 Vision is the World Tourism Organization^ long-term forecast and assessment of the development of tourism up to the first 20 years of the new millcnnium.WTO's Tourism 2020 Vision forecasts that international arrivals are expected to reach over 1.56 billion by the year 2020. Of these worldwide arrivals in 2020, 1.18 billion will be intraregional and 0.38 billion will be long-haul travelers.The total tourist arrivals by region shows that by 2020 the top three receiving regions will be Europe (717 million tourists), East Asia and the Pacific (397 million), and the Americas (282 million), followed by Africa, the Middle East and South Asia.East Asia and the Pacific, South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa are forecasted to record growth at a rate of over 5 percent per year compared to the world average of 4」percent.Europe will maintain the highest percentage of world arrivals, although there will be a decline from 60 percent in 1995 to 46 percent in 2020. By 2010 the Americas will close its number two position to the East Asia and the Pacific region which will receive 25 percent of world arrivals in 2020 with the Americas decreasing from 19 percent in 1995 to 18 percent in 2020.Unit 12Item oneetc., to bring information to your brain. Now, most people use one of their senses more than the others.Some people learn best by listening. They are called hearing learners・And others learn best by reading or looking at pictures. They are called visual learners・ And some learn best by touching and doing things. They are called tactile learners. Now scientists don，t know why people use one sense more than the others. Maybe the sense they use most just works best for them.Item twoToday, we tell about one of the most famous national parks in the United States. It is one of the most beautiful places in the country. Yosemite National Park is a place of extremes・ It has high mountains. It has valleys fonned by ancient ice that cut deep into the earth millions of years ago. Water from high in the mountains falls in many places to the green valley far below. There are thirteen beautiful waterfalls in Yosemite Valley. One of these waterfalls, Yosemite Falls, is the fifth highest on Earth・ Yosemite has a beautiful slow-moving river and large grassy areas where you can see wild animals・Item threeAmerica\ national road system makes it possible to drive coast to coast. From the Atlantic Ocean in the cast to the Pacific Ocean in the west is a distance of more than 4,000 kilometers. Or you could drive more than two thousand kilometers and go from the Canadian border south to the Mexican border. The highway system has made it possible for people to work in a city and live outside it. And it has made it possible for people to travel easily and quickly from one part of the country to another.Item fourThe way you look at someone conveys important cultural messages. Without your even knowing it, your gaze speaks volumes. u The eyes are the window of the soul/' according to the old sayings. Staring is acceptable in some cultures but not in others. A wink can mean a compliment or an insult, depending on the cultures・ A direct gaze can be a sign of honesty or an indication of disrespect and rudeness, according to the culture that surrounds the gazer. The way a person gazes thus expresses a strong message-but this message can be easily misunderstood if cultural norms are not shared・Item fiveThis time of the year Americans spend lots of time shopping for holiday gifts for their family members and friends. Many people visit a lot of stores in large shopping centers to buy their gifts. Others order goods by telephone from catalogues, the magazines that offer company's products. And many are doing their holiday shopping on the Internet・Industry experts say American business should have about 184,000 million dollars in sales during November and December. 63% of people who use the Internet say they expect to buy at least some gifts there.Item sixIOC stands for International Olympic Committee, which governs the Olympics in general. It was founded in Paris on 23 June 1894. Its headquarters are in the Swiss city of Lausanne. Its official languages are English and French・IOC members come from five different continents-Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania・ They choose Olympic cities six years in advance・ All the Olympic movement's rules arc contained in a book called The Olympic Charter. There is an Olympic Museum and Studies Center in Lausanne・It contains posters, documents, medals, books, photos, paintings, films and sculptures.Item sevenThere arc far too many road accidents in this country, too many deaths and too many people injured. One wonders who most to blame, drivers or pedestrians・ Some people say that the blame can not be put fairly without considering the state of the roads and the whole transport system. On the other hand, many experts are convinced that the larger part of the blame for the death toll must be put on persons and persons alone・ To be fair, pedestrians, drivers and road conditions are all to blame. One looks forward to the day when the motor-car has been replaced by some less dangerous means of transport.Item eightPetroleum has been important since ancient times・ In Latin, the name means "rock oil： Petroleum is a fossil fuel. The liquid comes from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These remains were buried deep below levels of rock over time and under great pressure・ This geological process created complex molecules of hydrogen and carbon. Oil can also contain other elements. Crude oil, or unprocessed petroleum, is called sour when it contains a lot of sulfur, an impurity・ Sour crude requires more refining than sweet crude, which is often more valuable.Item nineIn September of 2000, world leaders set eight goals for bringing millions of people out of poverty. These became known as the United Nations millennium development goals・ Among them: cut in half the number of people living on less than one dollar a day and halt the spread of AIDS and malaria・ The goals also include improving survival rates for pregnant women and young children, and educating all childrcn. Working for equality between women and men and dealing with environmental needs like safe water also are included・ The target date for reaching the goals is 2015.Item tenOne way to think about time is to imagine a world without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated・ A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes・ For time and change are linked・ We know that time has passed when something changes ・ In the real world-the world with time-changes never stop・ Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon・ Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time.Item elevenThe World Future Society has published a special report about forces changing the world・ One of them is population growth. The report says the world is expected to have more than nine thousand million people by the middle of this century. Population growth in many industrial nations, however, is expected to drop・ But medical progress helps their people to live longer lives・ International migration is also shaping the future. The report says there is some resistance, but also growing acceptance of cultural differences・ The world economy is also becoming more integrated. On the issue of energy, the use of oil is expected to reach 110 million barrels a day by 2020.Unit 12Item oneetc., to bring information to your brain. Now, most people use one of their senses more than the others.Some people learn best by listening. They are called hearing learners・ And others learn best by reading or looking at pictures. They are called visual learners・ And some learn best by touching and doing things. They are called tactile learners. Now scientists don，t know why people use one sense more than the others. Maybe the sense they use most just works best for them.Item twoToday, we tell about one of the most famous national parks in the United States. It is one of the most beautiful places in the country. Yosemite National Park is a place of extremes・ It has high mountains・It has valleys formed by ancient ice that cut deep into the earth millions of years ago. Water from high in the mountains falls in many places to the green valley far below. There arc thirteen beautiful waterfalls in Yosemite Valley. One of these waterfalls, Yosemite Falls, is the fifth highest on Earth・ Yosemite has a beautiful slow-moving river and large grassy areas where you can see wild animals・Item threeAmerica's national road system makes it possible to drive coast to coast. From the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west is a distance of more than 4,000 kilometers. Or you could drive more than two thousand kilometers and go from the Canadian border south to the Mexican border. The highway system has made it possible for people to work in a city and live outside it. And it has made it possible for people to travel easily and quickly from one part of the country to anothe匚Item fourThe way you look at someone conveys important cultural messages・ Without your even knowing it, your gaze speaks volumes. u Thc eyes arc the window of the soul：' according to the old sayings. Staring is acceptable in some cultures but not in others. A wink can mean a compliment or an insult, depending on the cultures. A direct gaze can be a sign of honesty or an indication of disrespect and rudeness, according to the culture that surrounds the gaze匚The way a person gazes thus expresses a strong message-but this message can be easily misunderstood if cultural nonns arc not shared.Item fiveThis time of the year Americans spend lots of time shopping for holiday gifts for their family members and friends. Many people visit a lot of stores in large shopping centers to buy their gifts. Others order goods by telephone from catalogues, the magazines that offer company's products. And many are doing their holiday shopping on the Internet. Industry experts say American business should have about 184,000 million dollars in sales during November and December. 63% of people who use the Internet say they expect to buy at least some gifts there.Item sixIOC stands for International Olympic Committee, which governs the Olympics in general. It was founded in Paris on 23 June 1894. Its headquarters are in the Swiss city of Lausanne・Its official languages are English and French. IOC members come from five diffeent contincnts-Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania・They choose Olympic cities six years in advance. All the Olympic movement's rules are contained in a book called The Olympic Charter. There is an Olympic Museum andStudies Center in Lausanne・ It contains posters, documents, medals, books, photos, paintings, films and sculptures.Item sevenThere are far too many road accidents in this country, too many deaths and too many people injured. One wonders who most to blame, drivers or pedestrians. Some people say that the blame can not be put fairly without considering the state of the roads and the whole transport system. On the other hand, many experts are convinced that the larger part of the blame for the death toll must be put on persons and persons alone. To be fair, pedestrians, drivers and road conditions arc all to blame. One looks forward to the day when the motor-car has been replaced by some less dangerous means of transport・Item eightPetroleum has been important since ancient times. In Latin, the name means "rock oil?5 Petroleum is a fossil fuel. The liquid comes from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These remains were buried deep below levels of rock over time and under great pressure ・ This geological process created complex molecules of hydrogen and carb on. Oil can also contain other elements. Crude oil, or unprocessed petroleum, is called sour when it contains a lot of sulfur, an impurity・ Sour crude requires more refining than sweet crude, which is often more valuable・Item nineIn September of 2000, world leaders set eight goals for bringing millions of people out of poverty. These became known as the United Nations millennium development goals・ Among them: cut in half the number of people living on less than one dollar a day and halt the spread of AIDS and malaria. The goals also include improving survival rates for pregnant women and young children, and educating all children. Working for equality between women and men and dealing with environmental needs like safe water also are included. The target date for reaching the goals is 2015.Item tenOne way to think about time is to imagine a world without time・There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated・ A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change arc linked・Wc know that time has passed when something changes・ In the real world-the world with time-changes never stop・ Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time.Item elevenThe World Future Society has published a special report about forces changing the world・ One of them is population growth. The report says the world is expected to have more than nine thousand million people by the middle of this century・ Population growth in many industrial nations, however,is expected to drop・ But medical progress helps their people to live longer lives. International migration is also shaping the future. The report says there is some resistance, but also growingacceptance of cultural differences・ The world economy is also becoming more integrated. On the issue of energy, the use of oil is expected to reach 110 million barrels a day by 2020.。