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题组层级快练(十一)Ⅰ. 阅读理解(2019·安徽省高三上学期考试)Have you ever wondered when dogs first became “man's best friend” and the world's favourite pet? If you have, then you're not alone. When and where dogs first began living side by side with humans are questions that have stirred hot debate among scientists. There are a few hard facts that all agree on. These include that dogs were once wolves and they were the first animal to be domesticated(驯养) by humans. They came into human lives some 15，000 years ago, before the dawn of agriculture.Beyond that, there is little agreement. The earliest bones found that are unquestionable dogs' and not wolves' date from 14，000 years ago. However, 30，000­year­old skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolves' and some scientists think could be dogs'.With such puzzling evidence, many scientists are now turning to DNA to find out when and where dogs were first domesticated. In one research project, tens of thousands of blood samples have been taken from street dogs around the world. The plan is to compare them with those of wolves. It's even possible to analyse DNA from ancient bones. Tiny pieces of the 30，000­year­old skulls mentioned earlier are currently being studied, and another DNA study has already shown that ancientdogs preserved in the Alaskan ice fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones.Indeed, the ancient DNA may turn out to be more informative than the DNA of living dogs. Because dogs have accompanied humans around the world for thousands of years, their current distribution may tell us very little of their origins. This is why different groups of scientists believe that dogs variously originated in eastern Asia, Mongolia, Siberia, Europe or Africa.But why were the animals domesticated in the first place? The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out. Today, this is a way of life still shared by three quarters of a billion unowned dogs worldwide.1. Which is the only statement generally agreed on by scientists studying dogs?A. Dogs originally were used as farm animals.B. Dogs evolved from wolves found in Europe.C. Dogs helped the development of agriculture.D. Dogs were the first animals to be kept as pets.2. Why does the writer first mention the 30, 000­year­old animals' skulls?A. To show that dogs were much larger in the past.B. To prove that dogs developed from Asian wolves.C. To suggest that dogs may have evolved much earlier.D. To argue that dogs were first kept in France and Belgium.3. How did scientists determine the origins of the ancient dogs found in Alaska?A. By analyzing the age of their bones.B. By examining the animals' DNA.C. By studying the shape of their skulls.D. By comparing them with modern dogs.4. Why did dogs start living with humans?A. Because they were attracted by food.B. Because they were trapped by humans.C. Because they couldn't survive in the wild.D. Because they were trained to protect villages.答案与解析【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。

研究发现，狗是从狼驯养而来的，早在一万五千年之前狗就进入了我们的生活。

科学家通过分析DNA去查证狗最初是在何时何地被驯养的。

1. 答案 D解析考查细节理解。

根据第一段第一句“Have you ever wondered when dogs first became ‘man's best friend’and the world's favourite pet？”，再结合倒数第二句可知，狗是第一种被人类驯养成宠物的动物，故D项正确。

2. 答案 C解析考查推理判断。

根据第二段第三句“However, 30, 000­year­old skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolves’and some scientists think could be dogs’．”可知，在法国和比利时已经发现了3万年前的头骨，它们不完全是狼的，科学家认为有一些可能是狗的。

据此可推知，该处提及三万年前的头骨旨在说明狗的进化历史更早，故C项正确。

3. 答案 B解析考查细节理解。

根据第三段尾句中的“another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones.”可知，科学家是通过检测DNA的方法来判断阿拉斯加狗的起源的，故B项正确。

4. 答案 A解析考查推理判断。

根据尾段第二句“The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out.”可知，最近的一种说法是，狗是自己驯养自己的，最初生活在我们古老的村庄里或周围，吃人们扔掉的食物。

据此可推知，狗和人生活在一起的原因是它们被食物所吸引，故A项正确。

Ⅱ. 完形填空(2019·河北邯郸质量检测)Mike and I wanted to celebrate ourwedding anniversary. We made a __1__ at our favorite restaurant, but when we arrived, our __2__ wasn't well prepared.We walked toward the bar in the restaurant to wait. Mike __3__ a chair for me and the man next to me __4__ over to give me room to slide in. I smiled my thanks.“I'm here on business. Can you __5__ some interesting things to do __6__ when I have some time off？” the man asked.Mike and I immediately shifted our attention to the stranger. We love our adopted hometown and quickly suggested half a dozen fun __7__．The stranger's name was Bill. He and Mike __8__ to be both mechanical engineers. The two men had __9__ to talk about. Seconds turned into minutes and strangers turned into friends.When the hostess __10__ and told us our table was __11__，we said goodbye to Bill.“We're out to __12__ our wedding anniversary，”I said as we __13__ to follow the waitress to our table.“Wow! I really __14__ you taking the time to talk to me，”Bill said. “You could have __15__ me. Happy anniversary！”The evening sped by. Soon we had to go home. Mike signaled our waiter for the bill. __16__，the waiter smiled and handed us a note：Thank you again for talking to a stranger. I really appreciate your kindness. __17__ is on me.__18__，we looked at the waiter.“Yes，”he said. “It's true. He paid your bill.”We walked back to the __19__ to thank Bill, but his seat was __20__. But we never forgot his generosity and decided to pay it forward.1. A. reservation B. wishC. preparationD. plan2. A. room B. breakfastC. tableD. arrangement3. A. ordered in B. picked upC. took upD. pulled out4. A. moved B. gotC. jumpedD. came5. A. choose B. think ofC. recommendD. refer to6. A. frequently B. locallyC. entirelyD. exactly7. A. stories B. booksC. restaurantsD. activities8. A. announced B. seemedC. pretendedD. happened9. A. nothing B. littleC. plentyD. everything10. A. approached B. returnedC. repliedD. apologized11. A. full B. collectedC. readyD. clean12. A. congratulate B. celebrateC. holdD. watch13. A. got up B. took upC. came backD. showed up14. A. imagine B. appreciateC. mindD. enjoy15. A. helped B. seenC. forgivenD. ignored16. A. Instead B. ThereforeC. BesidesD. Otherwise17. A. Praise B. BlameC. ResponsibilityD. Dinner18. A. Curious B. SurprisedC. GratefulD. Relaxed19. A. kitchen B. barC. doorD. entrance20. A. dirty B. goneC. emptyD. occupied答案与解析【文章大意】文章主要讲述了作者和丈夫花时间与陌生人聊天，陌生人充满感激，主动为作者菜单买单的故事。