常用数学词汇汇总

隶属度grade of membership 隶属函数membership function 均方差mean square deviation 先验分布 a priori distribution先验估计 a priori estimate先验概率 a priori probability稳定性stability矩阵A的根radical of matrix A积分方程integral equation射影projection横坐标abscissa收敛convergence横轴abscissa axis连续的continuous凸闭集convex closed set单调的monotonic无穷infinity加性additive多项式polynomial算子operator函子functor微分方程differential equation微分式differential expression 转置伴随adjugacy肯定的affirmative代数范数algebraic norm任意平均数arbitrary average任意常数arbitrary constant任意递归arbitrary recurrence树形图arborescence算术距离arithmetic distance不等式inequality算术平均arithmetic mean几何平均geometric mean人工神经网络artificial neural network相伴图associated diagram度量空间metric space格lattice自协方差auto-covariance自相关autocorrelation自动机理论automata theory公理axiom公理的axiomatic坐标轴axis of coordinates纵轴axis of ordinates整数部分integer part不动点定理fixed point theorem Bayes序贯决策函数Bayessequenetial decision function基向量base vector基本权base weight重心barycenter最优调和优函数best harmonicmajorant双轴坐标biaxial coordinates有偏估计biased estimate双调和biharmonic二项分布binomial distribution边界集boundary set有界闭包bounded closure弱有界的bounded-weak大括号brace括号，方括号bracket分支树branch tree差分法calculus of differences微积分calculus of fluxion典型的，标准的canonical标准型canonical form标准同构canonical isomorphism基数cardinal number基数积cardinal product支集carried set不变量invariant引理lemma舍去casting out范畴，类型category圆心center of a circle点划线chain line重心center of gravity必然事件certain event等价的equivalent变换change基变换change of base信道channel特征超平面characteristichyperplane特征超曲面characteristichypersurface特征根characteristic root特征列characteristic series特征解characteristic solution固有值，特征值characteristic value最佳逼近特征characteristic of bestapproximation分层，谱系hierarchy2χ检验chi square criterion2χ分布chi square distribution中国邮递问题Chinese postmanproblem主列chief series中国剩余定理Chinese remaindertheorem论题thesis误差error组平均class mean经典概率论classical theory ofprobability类，组，级，班class闭开的clopen闭开集clopen set闭集closed collection闭包closure聚类分析cluster analysis粗糙的coarse子集subset偏相关系数coefficient of partialcorrelation回归系数coefficient of regression上包络coenvelope偏序集partially ordered set协调系统coherent system重合coincidence列矩阵column matrix列置换column permutation公共基common base紧凸集compact convex set均衡equilibrium相容的compatible余，补complementary完全，完备completeN维空间n-dimension space复合数composite number合成测度compound measure计算复杂性computation complexity不稳定性instability凹的concave条件熵conditional entropy条件概率密度conditionalprobability density条件完备的conditionally complete置信区间confidence interval置信下限confidence lower limit转置矩阵，伴随矩阵transposematrix相容条件consistency condition约束问题constrained problem上连续continuity from above 相反命题contrary proposition变量variable收敛证明convergence proof规划program卷积convolution坐标基向量coordinate basis vector 相关指数correlation indices陪集coset余弦cosine耦合couple耦合变量coupling variable耦合关系coupled relation协方差covariance临界点critical point临界值critical value临界集critical set三次的cubic割集cutset割平面cutting plane最小二乘法least square method疏散化decentralization疏散求和decentral summary解藕decoupling递减函数decreasing function定义公设defining postulate逆fuzzy defuzzify退化degenerateδ分布delta distribution线性linear行列式determinant确定性系统deterministic system展开development可展函数developable function差集difference set直接推导direct derivation正半锥direct half conoid直接方法direct manner直积direct product拓扑topology有向的directedDirichlet 边界条件Dirichlet boundary conditionDirichlet 级数Dirichlet series间断性，不连续性discontinuity 离散discrete直和direct sum不相交集disjoint subset不对称dissymmetry特异序列distinguished sequence扰动理论disturbed theory发散的divergent有效性域domain of validity对偶约束dual constraint对偶最优解dual optimal solution动态规划流程图dynamicprogramming flow chart有效性分析efficiency analysis有效估计efficiency estimate不变量invariant初等的elementary经验假定empirical assumption空集empty set端end终端条件end condition端结点end node端值end value可枚举的enumerableε循环epsilon-cycle相等约束equated constraint同等强度equally strong等价类equivalence class等价测度equivalent measures等值投影equivalent projection等价集equivalent set等变化的equivariant遍历ergode遍历的ergodic遍历类ergodic class估计值estimate value公式formula偶数even integer奇偶效验even-odd check精确解exact solution存在性证明existence proof互斥事件exclusive event显式公式explicit formula指数增长exponential growth广义基extended basis极值点extreme point失效率failure rate子集簇family of subsets故障树fault tree可行基feasible basis反馈feedback集合域field of sets有穷自动机finite automaton数学归纳法finite induction增量increment前向差分forward difference函数族function family多元函数function of severalvariables函数级数function series基本类fundamental classFuzzy聚类fuzzy clustering贴近度nearness松弛relaxation增益gain恒等式identity一般集合论general set theory广义解generalized solution全局约束global constraint全局可靠性global reliability图论graph theory群论group theory分组抽样grouping sampling调和分析harmonic analysis半连续的hemi-continuous插值interpolation双线性泛函bilinear functional启发式搜索heuristic search谱系分类hierarchical subdivision高阶差分higher difference立方cube齐次的homogeneous超平面hyperplane第i分量i-th component恒等的identical恒等identically equal病态方程ill-conditioned equation不可比的incomparable不相容的，非一致的inconsistent不确定性indeterminacy不确定的indeterminate归纳induction归纳推理inductioninference/reasoning归纳学习inductive learning无穷大infinity不稳定性instability整数部分integral part逆函数inverse function可逆函数invertible function可逆性invertibility不可约的irreducible等熵的isentropic孤立边界点isolated boundary point等距的isometric迭代iteration迭代的iterative迭代奇异值分解iterative singular value decomposition判断judgement滤波filtering扩张extension必要条件Lagrange necessary conditionlambda特征根latent root等价律law of equivalence最不利分布least favorable distribution最小二乘曲线拟合least square curve fitting左陪集left coset左极限left limit左递归规则left recursive rule小于或等于less than or equal to 似然函数likelihood function线性假设line hypothesis线性演绎linear deduction局部分析local analysis半群semigroup对数logarithm对数的logarithmic主码majority code多值函数many-valued function 多值性many-valuedness匹配matching矩阵求逆matrix inversion矩阵变换matrix transformation 矩阵转置matrix transposition 极大极小原则maximin criterion 极大极大maximax极小极大Minimax均方误差mean square error可测的measurable 元知识metaknowledge等效法method of equal effects归纳法method of induction极小极大定理min-max theorem最小生成树minimal spanning tree冗余度极小化minimization ofredundancy混合问题mixed problem模函数modular function模，模数modulo多维分布multidimensional allocation超几何的hypergeometric正态分布normal distribution多值，重值multiple value重数multiplicity多阶段决策multistage decision多元判别分析multivariatediscriminant analysis互斥问题mutual exclusion problem互斥(不相容)集mutually exclusivesets互不相交子集mutually disjointsubsets互素的mutually prime互相分离集mutually separated sets互相奇异的mutually singularN元n-aryN元关系n-ary relationN连通图n-connected graphN维随机变量n-dimensionalrandom variableN倍，N重n-foldN元组n-tupleN次幂n-th power负二项分布negative binomial否命题negative proposition嵌套递归式nested recursion非等距的non-isometric非交叉集non-overlapping set非自反关系non-reflexive relation非对称的non-symmetrical非稳定的non-stable非对称关系non-symmetric relation非平凡的non-trivial非空的non-vacuous非零向量non-vanishing vector非经典的nonclassical非相容nonconforming非紧的noncompact非合作noncooperative非退化nondegenerateNondegenerative不确定的nondeterministic非空集nonempty set不可行的nonfeasible不完整约束nonholonomicconstraint非增nonincreasing非劣解noninferior solution非迭代的noniterative非极限的nonlimit非线性的nonlinear正规化方程normalized equation数字的numerical一对多的one-to-many单值函数one-valued function单向函数one-way function开集opener逆范畴，对偶范畴oppositecategory异号opposite sign最优的optimal停止stopping有序和ordered sum序数，有序的ordinal定向orientation正交基orthogonal basic两两的pairwise两两独立pairwise independence平行parallel部分展开partial expansion偏序partial order峰值peak value罚函数penalty function完全相关perfect correlation完全对偶性perfect duality性能评价performance evaluation允许值permissible value扰动问题perturbation problem分段连续piecewise continuity逐点遍历定理pointwise ergodictheorem势，基数potency优先图precedence diagram偏爱序preference ordering素数prime先验分布prior distribution范围range线性linearity伪随机的pseudo-random纯策略pure strategy二次对偶quadratic dual四重的，四倍的quadruple，quadrupling，quadruplex径向基函数radial basis function径向偏差radial deviation径向开集radially open set可归约的reducible正则基数regular cardinal多面体polyhedron可靠性计算reliability calculation 可去集removable set累极限repeated limit剩余类residue class可解的resoluble回溯集retraceable set可逆的reversible直角right angle严格上界rigorous upper bound 鲁棒性，稳健性robustness均方根root-mean-square粗糙集rough set粗逻辑rough logic舍入round-off舍入的rounded程序routine行坐标row-coordinates行向量row vector消元规则rule of elimination鞍点saddle point同类same kind样本中心矩sample central moment 样本方差sample variance散布的scattered单叶函数schlicht function二次多项式second degree of polynomial二次导数算法second derivative algorithm二阶必要条件second order necessary condition自相容性self-consistency自相关性self-correlation自对偶self-dual 半同余semi-congruence半等价的semi-equivalent偏序集semi-ordered set半完全的semi-perfect可分的separable七倍的，七维的septuple七的septimal时序sequence in time子集序列sequence of subsets实数集set of real numbers集值函数set-valued function收缩算法shrinking algorithmσ域sigma-field单纯形法simplex method单值函数single-valued function稀疏索引sparse index谱估计spectral estimate样条拟合spline fitting稳态误差steady state error步长，阶段step步长step size逐步法stepwise随机分布stochastic distribution严格不等式strict inequality严格单调递增strictly monotoneincreasing严格正定算子strictly positivedefinite operator强对偶strong duality较强一致性stronger uniformity连通有向图connected directedgraph次加性的subadditive次调和解subharmonic solution下标subscript下标变量subscript variable辅助条件subsidiary condition充分集sufficient set上确界sup上标superscript支撑集support set表面散度surface divergence前向搜索sweep forward后向搜索sweep backward常微分方程组system of ordinarydifferential equation剩余系system of residues逐项term by term三元的，三进制的ternary假设检验test of hypothesis正态性检验test of normality显著性检验test of significance最后决定terminal decision择一定理theorem of alternative互补松弛定理theorem ofcomplementary slackness赋值论theory of valuations消除论theory of elimination数论theory of numbers置换理论theory of permutation排队论theory of queue集合论theory of sets象限quadrant自顶向下top-down全部单调的totally monotonic变换范围transformation range瞬态响应transient response超限评估transfinite evaluation传递闭包transitive closure转移概率矩阵transition probabilitymatrix转置，对换transposition梯形的trapezoidal梯形公式trapezoidal formula遍历traverse类树的tree-like树图tree graph试错搜索trial-and-error search三角数triangular number平凡序trivial ordered双重的two-foldTwo-person nash game超因子ultra-divisor超指数ultra-exponential超无穷点ultra-infinite point超弱的ultra-weak无偏置置信区间unbiasedconfidence interval无偏估计unbiased estimate无偏估计量unbiased estimator无偏α水平检验unbiased levelalpha test不确定推理uncertain reasoning无条件的unconditional不相关的uncorrelated不等方差unequal variance非本质的unessential一致性uniformity酋矩阵unitary matrix普通范畴universal category泛算子universal operator无序的unordered全域，总体universe无下标变量unsubscripted variable 非零解，非平凡解untrivial solution 上界upper limit变分类variational class向量不变式vector invariant通用的，多用途的versatile/versal 锥顶vertex of a cone顶点图vertex graph抛物线的顶点vertex of a parabola 垂直射影vertical projection小波wavlet弱闭包weak closure弱完备性weak completion弱耦合weak coupling弱序化weak ordering弱耦合系统weak coupled system 价格加权综合weighted aggregate of price良序子集well-ordered subset整数whole numberzeta零和对策zero sum game零序列zero-sequence零熵zero entropy笛卡尔积Cartesian product折扣tradeoff交集intersection推论corollary引理lemma证明proof公式formula定理theorem。