自考外语教学法之交际法

What are the main features of the Communicative Approach?Halliday described seven basic functions that language performs. Please write out any five of them.What are the roles of the learner in the communicative approachWhat are the roles of the teacher in the Communicative ApproachWhat theories of language are used by the Communicative Approach as its theoretical basis?What are the objectives of the Communicative ApproachWhat are the integrating language skills often used in the Communicative Approach? What language ability does Hyme' s“ communicativecompetence ”refer to?Describe the five principles to characterize the Communicative Approach according to David Nunan. Cite one example to illustrate one of these principlesWhat are the distinguishing features of theNotio nal-Fu nctio nal Syllabus?What are the four dime nsions in terms of Ian guage compete neeen tailed in the Communi cative Approach accord ing to Can ale andSwa in?What are the mai n features of the Com mun icative ApproachFrom the mid-1970s the key con cept in educati on al li nguisticsand Ian guage pedagogy is that of _____________. mni cati on or com muni cative compete neeB.motivation in learning a foreign IanguageC.in depe ndence and aut onomy in lear ningnguage acquisition through the use of active trialAccord ing to some fun cti on al li nguist, some uttera nee has no meaning at all if it is out of the con text of _situation ___ .The relatio nship betwee n the grammatical forms and theirfunctions is not a _ one- to- one_ ______________ correspondence.A single form can express a number of _ functions_ ___________________ and a sin gle com muni cative fun cti on can be expressed by a nu mber of _forms .In Hymes's views, “ com muni cative compete nee ” refers to the ability not only to apply grammatical rules of a Ian guage inorder to form _grammatically ______________ correct sentences but alsoto know whe n and where to use these senten ces and towhom __________ .In Mali no wski ' s opinion, an uttera nce has no ___________ at all if it is out ofthe con text of situati on.A.formB.meaningC.contentD.format_______ refers to the in terpretatio n of in dividual messageeleme nts in terms of their in terc onn ected ness and of how meaning is represe nted in relatio nship to the text.A.Grammatical compete nceB.Socioli nguistic compete nceC.Discourse 论述，交谈compete neeD.Strategic compete nee_pragmatics ________ is particularly in terested in therelatio nship betwee n senten ces and the con texts and situati onsin which they are used.Hymes holds that com muni cative compete nee refers to the_ability ______ not only to form grammatically correct senten cesbut also to know when, where, and to whom to use them.Accord ing to Canal and Swai n, discourse _________________ c ompete nee refers to the interpretation of individual message elements in terms of their in terc onn ected ness and of how meaning is represe nted in relati on ship to the en tire discourse or text.According to Canal and Swain, __ socialinguistic competenee ___________________ refers to an un dersta nding of the social eon texts in which com muni cati on takes place._ discourse ___________ an alysis is the study of how senten ces in spoke n and__________ Ianguage form larger meaningful units such as paragraphs,conv ersati ons, and in terviews.To teach a foreig n Ian guage well, we must divide it in to small ____________un its.The _____ teno __________ of discourse means, according to Halliday, theparticipa nts who are tak ing part in the com muni catio n.Accord ing to Canal and Swa in, rammatical _____________________ compete nee refers to what Chomsky called “ li nguistic compete nee ” .Accord ing to Canal and Swai n, com muni cative compete nee en tails four dime nsions. They are grammatical compete nee,____ dislourse _________ competence,___ socialinguisitic _________ compete nee and strategic compete nee.The Communicative Approach is essentially a manifestation of the .A.1950 ' sB.1960 ' sC.1970 ' sD.1980 ' sLan guage meaning depe nds to a large exte nt on the _____________ con texts in which speech acts occurred.A.li nguisticB. grammaticalC. culturalD.socioculturalThe most obvious characteristic of the Com mun icative Approach is that almost everyth ing is done with a com muni cative ________________ .A.situati onB. sett ingC. in formatio nD. intent part of Communi cative Lan guage Teach ing.______ iscourse analysis _______________________ becomes an in dispe nsable Manyproponents of the Communicative Approach advocate the useof _________ materials in the Ianguage classrooms. ()A.classicB.authenticC.modernD.oral__________ is particularly in terested in the relati on shipbetwee n senten ces and the con texts and situati on in which they are used.()A.Transformational GrammarB.PragmaticsC.StructuralismD.The Situational ApproachAccord ing to Morrow, activities that are truly com muni cative have three features. They are information gap, ______________ and _____________ ()A.choice, feedbackB.choice, situationC.situation, discourseD.discourse, functionIn the Communicative Approach group and pair work is favoured to__________ the time allotted to each stude nt to practice the use of Ian guage. ()A.minimizeB.shortenC.maximizeD.reduceTalki ng about pictures on the blackboard in the classroom is _______________ .A. a Ian guage exerciseB. a com muni cative activityC.both of the twoD.n either of the twoThe Ian guage teachi ng that emphasizes lin guistic accuracy onlywill produce stude nts who are _____________ compete nt andcom muni catively ____________ .A.structurally, compete ntB.structurally, in compete nt muni catively, compete nt muni catively, in compete ntAccording to MAK. Halliday, which of the following should NOT be take n in to con siderati on in terms of lin guistic eve nts?A.Form.B.Co ntext.C.Substa nee.D.Culture.Who first used the term “ communicativecompetenee ”in deliberate con trast toChomsky ' s “ li nguistic compete nee ”？A.SternB.AsherC.KrashenD.HymesThe educati onal perspectives in the Communi cative Approach evolved alongside the significant developments in linguistics, _______________________________ and psychology.Accord ing to Can ale and Swain, com muni cative compete nee in cludes four dimensions: grammatical, discourse, socioli nguistic and.strategic ______ compete nee.The Communi cative Approach to foreig n Ian guage teachi ngstresses the com muni cative ____________in lear ning.pete neeB.abilityC.performa neeD.skillSocioli nguistic compete nee refers to an un dersta nding of the__________ in which com muni cati on takes place.A.social behaviorB.li nguistic con textC.social con textD.li nguistic performa neeCharles Fries applied the prin ciples of ____________ lin guistics to Ian guage teachi ng.Notions are domains in which people use Ianguage to express__thought ________ a nd feeli ng.__pragmatics __________ is especially in terested in the relati on ships betwee n senten ces and the con texts and situati ons in which they are used.Strategic competence refers to the coping of various strategies whichcom muni cators employ to start, end, keep, repair and re-direct__communication ____________ .One of the study areas in pragmatics is how utterances areaffected by the relati on ship betwee n ________ .A.the speakersB.the hearersC.the reader and the writerD.the speaker and the hearerMost schools of the Communicative Approach share the view that Ian guage is used for com muni cati on, and they are primarily con cer ned with the ________ rather tha n the structure. muni cati onB.meaningC.i nteractio nD.participa ntsThe Notional-Functional Syllabus is a syllabus, not a __method _______ .According to Hymes, linguistic theory is one incorporatingcom muni cati on and _culture_ _________ .P176In Mali no wski ' s view, “ the meaning of any sin gle worveirytbigh degree depe ndent on its _________ .”A.formB.con textC.contentD.formatThe Communi cative Approach is esse ntially a mani festatio n ofthe most explicit debate in pedagogy in the UKduring the ___________________ .A.1950sB.1960sC.1970sD.1980sThe Communi cative Approach in Ian guage teachi ng begi ns with atheory of Ian guage as ________ .A.performa nee muni cati onC.speechpete neeAccord ing to the discourse theory, only through ___________ discourse can the learner acquire the sec ond Ian guage.The relatio nship betwee n the grammatical forms and the com muni cative_competenee _______ is carefully explored in a com muni cative perspective.In a Communi cative Approach classroom, stude nts n eed to know boththe rules of the Ian guage and the rules of Ian guage _______ .One of the five points in itiated by David Nunan tocharacterize the Com mun icative Approach is an emphasison lear ning to com muni cate through ____________ i n the targetIan guage.A.speak ingB.writ ingC.i nteractio nD.role-playWho first used the term “ com muni cative compete nee ” indeliberate con trast to Chomsky ' s “ li nguistic compete nee ”？A.Stern.B.Asher .C.Krashe n.D.Hymes.wo indispensable parts of the Communicative LanguageTeach ing are supposed to be _____________ .A.prese ntatio ns and pragmaticsB. discourse an alysis and drillsC. discourse an alysis and pragmaticsD. drills and presentationsIn the views of Ian guage suggested by J. R. Firth and M. A.K. Halliday, which of the followingdoes NOT receive priority importa nee?A. Meaning.B. Con text.C. Setti ng.D. Form. Notional Syllabus , written by Wilkins, is a book which has a sig ni ficant impact on the developme nt of _communi cative ___________ Lan guage Teach ing.__disclosure ________ compete nee refers to the in terpretati on ofin dividual message eleme nts in terms of theirin terc onn ected ness and of how meaning is represe nted in relatio nship to the text. It is Halliday that made the London School of Linguistics oneof the most competitive _ lin guistic _______________ theories in theworld.thetheHalliday advocates that the social con text of Ian guage use can bean alyzed in terms of the field, tenor and mode of _________ .A.con textB.discourseC.contentD.situati onHenry Widdows on focused on the com muni cative acts un derly ingthe ability to use Ian guage for differe nt purposes with his_dinction _____ betwee n appropriacy and accuracy, com muni cativecompete nee and grammatical compete nee, use and usage.An un dersta nding of the social con text in which com muni cati ontakes place is referred to as ________ compete nee.The teacher in a Communi cative Approach classroom plays fourmajor roles. What are they?Accord ing to Halliday, which of the follow ing should NOT be acco un ted for in terms of lin guistic eve nts?A.Form.B.Co ntext.C.Substa nee.D.Culture.The criticism by those advocat ing the Com mun icative Approach was that teachi ng Ian guage with its focus on grammar produced structurally compete nt stude nts who were ofte n in compete nt ___________________________________________________ .A. com muni cativelyB . in societyC.i n in terpret ingD.lexicallyWays of integrating Ianguage skills in a Communicative Approach classroom are liste ning and _note-taking ______________________________________ , oral prese ntati on, projectwork, role-play and simulati on, etc.The general purpose of the Communicative Approach is to develop the stude nts' com muni cative compete nee, which in cludes four aspects of kno wledge. What are they?The Communi cative Approach lays emphasis on lear ning to com muni cate through i n the target Ian guage.A. listening and note-takingB.in teracti onC.role playD.oral prese ntati onSome British lin guists emphasized the close relati on ship betwee n the_______ of a Ian guage and the con text and situati on in which the Ian guage was used.Two in dispe nsable parts of Communi cative Lan guage Teachi ng are supposed to be discourse an alysis and _pragamatics ______________________________________ .Ano ther lin guistic theory of com muni cati on favored inCommunication Language Teaching is ___________________________ functionalacco unt of Ian guage use.A. Chomsky' sB. Hymes ' sC. Candlin ' sD. Halliday ' sWith regard to syllabus desig n, the Communi cative Approachlays special emphasis on _______________ .A. authe ntic materialsB. learners ' n eedsC. meanin gful drillsD. teachers ' rolesIn Mali no wski ' s opinion, an utter ance has no ___________ meaning __________at all if it is out of the con text of situati on.At the level of classroom teachi ng, the Communi cative Approachholds that activities should provide opport un ities for learners to ______ use ________ the Ian guage.。