自考外语教学法之交际法

What are the main features of the Communicative Approach?Halliday described seven basic functions that language performs. Please write out any five of them.What are the roles of the learner in the communicative approachWhat are the roles of the teacher in the Communicative ApproachWhat theories of language are used by the Communicative Approach as its theoretical basis?What are the objectives of the Communicative ApproachWhat are the integrating language skills often used in the Communicative Approach?What language ability does Hyme’s “communicative competence” refer to?Describe the five principles to characterize the Communicative Approach according to David Nunan. Cite one example to illustrate one of these principlesWhat are the distinguishing features of theNotional-Functional Syllabus?What are the four dimensions in terms of language competence entailed in the Communicative Approach according to Canale and Swain?What are the main features of the Communicative ApproachFrom the mid-1970s the key concept in educational linguistics and language pedagogy is that of _______.A. commnication or communicative competenceB. motivation in learning a foreign languageC. independence and autonomy in learningD. language acquisition through the use of active trialAccording to some functional linguist, some utterance has no meaning at all if it is out of the context of _situation______.The relationship between the grammatical forms and their functions is not a _one- to- one______ correspondence.A single form can express a number of _functions______ and a single communicative function can be expressed by a number of _forms______.In Hymes's views, “communicative competence” refers to the ability not only to apply grammatical rules of a language in order to form _grammatically______ correct sentences but also to know when and where to use these sentences and towhom_______.In Malinowski’s opinion, an utterance has no ______ at all if it is out of the context of situation.A. formB. meaningC. contentD. format______ refers to the interpretation of individual message elements in terms of their interconnectedness and of how meaning is represented in relationship to the text.A. Grammatical competenceB. Sociolinguistic competenceC. Discourse论述，交谈competenceD. Strategic competence_pragmatics_____ is particularly interested in the relationship between sentences and the contexts and situations in which they are used.Hymes holds that communicative competence refers to the _ability_____ not only to form grammatically correct sentences but also to know when, where, and to whom to use them.According to Canal and Swain, discourse________ competence refers to the interpretation of individual message elements in terms of their interconnectedness and of how meaning is represented in relationship to the entire discourse or text.According to Canal and Swain, __ socialinguistic competence______ refers to an understanding of the social contexts in which communication takes place._ discourse _______ analysis is the study of how sentences in spoken and ________ language form larger meaningful units such as paragraphs,conversations, and interviews.To teach a foreign language well, we must divide it into small ________ units.The____tenor_______ of discourse means, according to Halliday, the participants who are taking part in the communication.According to Canal and Swain, ___grammatical________competence refers to what Chomsky called “linguistic competence”.According to Canal and Swain, communicative competence entails four dimensions. They are grammatical competence, ____dislourse_______competence,___socialinguisitic________competence and strategic competence.The Communicative Approach is essentially a manifestation of the .A.1950’sB.1960’sC.1970’sD.1980’sLanguage meaning depends to a large extent on the contexts in which speech acts occurred.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. culturalD. socioculturalThe most obvious characteristic of the Communicative Approach is that almost everything is done with a communicative .A. situationB. settingC. informationD. intent_____discourse analysis________________ becomes an indispensable part of Communicative Language Teaching.Many proponents of the Communicative Approach advocate the use of _______ materials in the language classrooms.（）A．classicB．authenticC．modernD．oral________ is particularly interested in the relationship between sentences and the contexts and situation in which they are used.（）A．Transformational GrammarB．PragmaticsC．StructuralismD．The Situational ApproachAccording to Morrow, activities that are truly communicative have three features. They are information gap, ________ and _________（）A．choice, feedbackB．choice, situationC．situation, discourseD．discourse, functionIn the Communicative Approach group and pair work is favoured to ________ the time allotted to each student to practice the use of language.（）A．minimizeB．shortenC．maximizeD．reduceTalking about pictures on the blackboard in the classroom is ________.A. a language exerciseB. a communicative activityC. both of the twoD. neither of the twoThe language teaching that emphasizes linguistic accuracy only will produce students who are ________ competent and communicatively ________.A. structurally, competentB. structurally, incompetentC. communicatively, competentD. communicatively, incompetentAccording to M.A.K. Halliday, which of the following should NOT be taken into consideration in terms of linguistic events?A. Form.B. Context.C. Substance.D. Culture.Who first used the term “communicative competence” in deliberate contrast to Chomsky’s “linguistic competence”?A. SternB. AsherC. KrashenD. HymesThe educational perspectives in the Communicative Approach evolved alongside the significant developments in linguistics, ______ and psychology.According to Canale and Swain, communicative competence includes four dimensions: grammatical, discourse, sociolinguistic and_strategic_____ competence.The Communicative Approach to foreign language teaching stresses the communicative _______ in learning.A. competenceB. abilityC. performanceD. skillSociolinguistic competence refers to an understanding of the ________ in which communication takes place.A. social behaviorB. linguistic contextC. social contextD. linguistic performanceCharles Fries applied the principles of ________ linguistics to language teaching.Notions are domains in which people use language to express __thought_____ and feeling.__pragmatics______ is especially interested in the relationships between sentences and the contexts and situations in which they are used.Strategic competence refers to the coping of various strategies which communicators employ to start, end, keep, repair and re-direct __communication_______.One of the study areas in pragmatics is how utterances are affected by the relationship between ______.A. the speakersB. the hearersC. the reader and the writerD. the speaker and the hearerMost schools of the Communicative Approach share the view that language is used for communication, and they are primarilyconcerned with the ______ rather than the structure.A. communicationB. meaningC. interactionD. participantsThe Notional-Functional Syllabus is a syllabus, not a __method____.According to Hymes, linguistic theory is one incorporating communication and _culture_____.P176In Malinowski’s view, “the meaning of any single word is to a very high degree dependent on its _____.”A. formB. contextC. contentD. formatThe Communicative Approach is essentially a manifestation of the most explicit debate in pedagogy in the UK during the _____.A. 1950sB. 1960sC. 1970sD. 1980sThe Communicative Approach in language teaching begins with a theory of language as _____.A. performanceB. communicationC. speechD. competenceAccording to the discourse theory, only through ______ discourse can the learner acquire the second language.The relationship between the grammatical forms and the communicative _competence___is carefully explored in a communicative perspective.In a Communicative Approach classroom, students need to know both the rules of the language and the rules of language ____.One of the five points initiated by David Nunan to characterize the Communicative Approach is an emphasis on learning to communicate through _______ in the target language.A. speakingB. writingC. interactionD. role-playWho first used the term “communicative competence” in deliberate contra st to Chomsky’s “linguistic competence”?A. Stern.B. Asher.C. Krashen.D. Hymes.wo indispensable parts of the Communicative Language Teaching are supposed to be _______.A. presentations and pragmaticsB. discourse analysis and drillsC. discourse analysis and pragmaticsD. drills and presentationsIn the views of language suggested by J. R. Firth and M. A. K. Halliday, which of the following does NOT receive the priority importance?A. Meaning.B. Context.C. Setting.D. Form.Notional Syllabus, written by Wilkins, is a book which has a significant impact on the development of the _communicative______ Language Teaching.__disclosure_____ competence refers to the interpretation of individual message elements in terms of their interconnectedness and of how meaning is represented in relationship to the text.It is Halliday that made the London School of Linguistics one of the most competitive _linguistic______ theories in the world.Halliday advocates that the social context of language use can be analyzed in terms of the field, tenor and mode of_____.A. contextB. discourseC. contentD. situationHenry Widdowson focused on the communicative acts underlying the ability to use language for different purposes with his _dinction____ between appropriacy and accuracy, communicative competence and grammatical competence, use and usage.An understanding of the social context in which communication takes place is referred to as _____ competence.The teacher in a Communicative Approach classroom plays four major roles. What are they?According to Halliday, which of the following should NOT be accounted for in terms of linguistic events?A. Form.B. Context.C. Substance.D. Culture.The criticism by those advocating the Communicative Approach was that teaching language with its focus on grammar produced structurally competent students who were often incompetent ______.A. communicativelyB . in societyC. in interpretingD. lexicallyWays of integrating language skills in a Communicative Approach classroom are listening and _note-taking_____, oral presentation, project work, role-play and simulation, etc.The general purpose of the Communicative Approach is to develop the students' communicative competence, which includes four aspects of knowledge. What are they?The Communicative Approach lays emphasis on learning to communicate through ______ in the target language.A. listening and note-takingB. interactionC. role playD. oral presentationSome British linguists emphasized the close relationship between the ______ of a language and the context and situation in which the language was used.Two indispensable parts of Communicative Language Teaching are supposed to be discourse analysis and _pragamatics_____.Another linguistic theory of communication favored in Communication Language Teaching is _________ functional account of language use.A. Chomsk y’sB. Hymes’sC. Candlin’sD. Halliday’sWith regard to syllabus design, the Communicative Approach lays special emphasis on _________ .A. authentic materialsB. learners’ needsC. meaningful drillsD. teachers’ rolesIn Malinowski’s opinion, an utter ance has no ___meaning______ at all if it is out of the context of situation.At the level of classroom teaching, the Communicative Approach holds that activities should provide opportunities for learners to ____use______ the language.。