英文写作词汇

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英文论文写作中一些可能用到的词汇

英⽂论⽂写作中⼀些可能⽤到的词汇英⽂论⽂写作过程中总是被⾃⼰可怜的词汇量击败, 所以我打算在这⾥记录⼀些在阅读论⽂过程中见到的⼀些⾃⼰不曾见过的词句或⽤法。

这些词句查词典都很容易查到，但是只有带⼊论⽂原⽂中才能体会内涵。

毕竟原⽂和译⽂中间总是存在⼀条看不见的思想鸿沟。

形容词1. vanilla: adj. 普通的, 寻常的, 毫⽆特⾊的. ordinary; not special in any way.2. crucial: adj. ⾄关重要的, 关键性的.3. parsimonious：adj. 悭吝的, 吝啬的, ⼩⽓的.e.g. Due to the underlying hyperbolic geometry, this allows us to learn parsimonious representations of symbolic data by simultaneously capturing hierarchy and similarity.4. diverse: adj. 不同的, 相异的, 多种多样的, 形形⾊⾊的.5. intriguing: adj. ⾮常有趣的, 引⼈⼊胜的; 神秘的. *intrigue: v. 激起…的兴趣, 引发…的好奇⼼; 秘密策划(加害他⼈), 密谋.e.g. The results of this paper carry several intriguing implications.6. intimate: adj. 亲密的; 密切的. v.透露; (间接)表⽰, 暗⽰.e.g. The above problems are intimately linked to machine learning on graphs.7. akin: adj. 类似的, 同族的, 相似的.e.g. Akin to GNN, in LOCAL a graph plays a double role: ...8. abundant: adj. ⼤量的, 丰盛的, 充裕的.9. prone: adj. 有做(坏事)的倾向; 易于遭受…的; 俯卧的.e.g. It is thus prone to oversmoothing when convolutions are applied repeatedly.10.concrete: adj. 混凝⼟制的; 确实的, 具体的(⽽⾮想象或猜测的); 有形的; 实在的.e.g. ... as a concrete example ...e.g. More concretely, HGCN applies the Euclidean non-linear activation in...11. plausible: adj. 有道理的; 可信的; 巧⾔令⾊的, 花⾔巧语的.e.g. ... this interpretation may be a plausible explanation of the success of the recently introduced methods.12. ubiquitous: adj. 似乎⽆所不在的;⼗分普遍的.e.g. While these higher-order interac- tions are ubiquitous, an evaluation of the basic properties and organizational principles in such systems is missing.13. disparate: adj. 由不同的⼈(或事物)组成的;迥然不同的;⽆法⽐较的.e.g. These seemingly disparate types of data have something in common: ...14. profound: adj. 巨⼤的; 深切的, 深远的; 知识渊博的; 理解深刻的;深邃的, 艰深的; ⽞奥的.e.g. This has profound consequences for network models of relational data — a cornerstone in the interdisciplinary study of complex systems.15. blurry: adj. 模糊不清的.e.g. When applying these estimators to solve (2), the line between the critic and the encoders $g_1, g_2$ can be blurry.16. amenable: adj. 顺从的; 顺服的; 可⽤某种⽅式处理的.e.g. Ou et al. utilize sparse generalized SVD to generate a graph embedding, HOPE, from a similarity matrix amenableto de- composition into two sparse proximity matrices.17. elaborate: adj. 复杂的;详尽的;精⼼制作的 v.详尽阐述;详细描述;详细制订;精⼼制作e.g. Topic Modeling for Graphs also requires elaborate effort, as graphs are relational while documents are indepen- dent samples.18. pivotal: adj. 关键性的；核⼼的e.g. To ensure the stabilities of complex systems is of pivotal significance toward reliable and better service providing.19. eminent: adj. 卓越的，著名的，显赫的;⾮凡的;杰出的e.g. To circumvent those defects, theoretical studies eminently represented by percolation theories appeared.20. indispensable: adj. 不可或缺的;必不可少的 n. 不可缺少的⼈或物e.g. However, little attention is paid to multipartite networks, which are an indispensable part of complex networks.21. post-hoc: adj. 事后的e.g. Post-hoc explainability typically considers the question “Why the GNN predictor made certain prediction?”.22. prevalent: adj. 流⾏的;盛⾏的;普遍存在的e.g. A prevalent solution is building an explainer model to conduct feature attribution23. salient: adj. 最重要的;显著的;突出的. n. 凸⾓;[建]突出部;<军>进攻或防卫阵地的突出部分e.g. It decomposes the prediction into the contributions of the input features, which redistributes the probability of features according to their importance and sample the salient features as an explanatory subgraph.24. rigorous: adj. 严格缜密的;严格的;谨慎的;细致的;彻底的;严厉的e.g. To inspect the OOD effect rigorously, we take a causal look at the evaluation process with a Structural Causal Model.25. substantial: adj. ⼤量的;价值巨⼤的;重⼤的;⼤⽽坚固的;结实的;牢固的. substantially: adv. ⾮常;⼤⼤地;基本上;⼤体上;总的来说26. cogent: adj. 有说服⼒的;令⼈信服的e.g. The explanatory subgraph $G_s$ emphasizes tokens like “weak” and relations like “n’t→funny”, which is cogent according to human knowledge.27. succinct: adj. 简练的;简洁的 succinctly: adv. 简⽽⾔之，简明扼要地28. concrete: adj. 混凝⼟制的;确实的，具体的(⽽⾮想象或猜测的);有形的;实在的 concretely: adv. 具体地;具体;具体的;有形地29. predominant：adj. 主要的;主导的;显著的;明显的;盛⾏的;占优势的动词1. mitigate: v. 减轻, 缓和. (反 enforce)e.g. In this work, we focus on mitigating this problem for a certain class of symbolic data.2. corroborate: v. [VN] [often passive] (formal) 证实, 确证.e.g. This is corroborated by our experiments on real-world graph.3. endeavor: n./v. 努⼒, 尽⼒, 企图, 试图.e.g. It encourages us to continue the endeavor in applying principles mathematics and theory in successful deployment of deep learning.4. augment: v. 增加, 提⾼, 扩⼤. n. 增加, 补充物.e.g. We also augment the graph with geographic information (longitude, latitude and altitude), and GDP of the country where the airport belongs to.5. constitute: v. (被认为或看做)是, 被算作; 组成, 构成; (合法或正式地)成⽴, 设⽴.6. abide: v. 接受, 遵照(规则, 决定, 劝告); 逗留, 停留.e.g. Training a graph classifier entails identifying what constitutes a class, i.e., finding properties shared by graphs in one class but not the other, and then deciding whether new graphs abide to said learned properties.7. entail: v. 牵涉; 需要; 使必要. to involve sth that cannot be avoided.e.g. Due to the recursive definition of the Chebyshev polynomials, the computation of the filter $g_α(\Delta)f$ entails applying the Laplacian $r$ times, resulting cal operator affecting only 1-hop neighbors of a vertex and in $O(rn)$ operations.8. encompass: v. 包含, 包括, 涉及(⼤量事物); 包围, 围绕, 围住.e.g. This model is chosen as it is sufficiently general to encompass several state-of-the-art networks.e.g. The k-cycle detection problem entails determining if G contains a k-cycle.9. reveal: v. 揭⽰, 显⽰, 透露, 显出, 露出, 展⽰.10. bestow: v. 将(…)给予, 授予, 献给.e.g. Aiming to bestow GCNs with theoretical guarantees, one promising research direction is to study graph scattering transforms (GSTs).11. alleviate: v. 减轻, 缓和, 缓解.12. investigate: v. 侦查(某事), 调查(某⼈), 研究, 调查.e.g. The sensitivity of pGST to random and localized noise is also investigated.13. fuse: v. (使)融合, 熔接, 结合; (使)熔化, (使保险丝熔断⽽)停⽌⼯作.e.g. We then fuse the topological embeddings with the initial node features into the initial query representations using a query network$f_q$ implemented as a two-layer feed-forward neural network.14. magnify: v. 放⼤, 扩⼤; 增强; 夸⼤(重要性或严重性); 夸张.e.g. ..., adding more layers also leads to more parameters which magnify the potential of overfitting.15. circumvent: v. 设法回避, 规避; 绕过, 绕⾏.e.g. To circumvent the issue and fulfill both goals simultaneously, we can add a negative term...16. excel: v. 擅长, 善于; 突出; 胜过平时.e.g. Nevertheless, these methods have been repeatedly shown to excel in practice.17. exploit: v. 利⽤(…为⾃⼰谋利); 剥削, 压榨; 运⽤, 利⽤; 发挥.e.g. In time series and high-dimensional modeling, approaches that use next step prediction exploit the local smoothness of the signal.18. regulate: v. (⽤规则条例)约束, 控制, 管理; 调节, 控制(速度、压⼒、温度等).e.g. ... where $b >0$ is a parameter regulating the probability of this event.19. necessitate: v. 使成为必要.e.g. Combinatorial models reproduce many-body interactions, which appear in many systems and necessitate higher-order models that capture information beyond pairwise interactions.20. portray:描绘, 描画, 描写; 将…描写成; 给⼈以某种印象; 表现; 扮演(某⾓⾊).e.g. Considering pairwise interactions, a standard network model would portray the link topology of the underlying system as shown in Fig. 2b.21. warrant: v. 使有必要; 使正当; 使恰当. n. 执⾏令; 授权令; (接受款项、服务等的)凭单, 许可证; (做某事的)正当理由, 依据.e.g. Besides statistical methods that can be used to detect correlations that warrant higher-order models, ... (除了可以⽤来检测⽀持⾼阶模型的相关性的统计⽅法外, ...)22. justify: v. 证明…正确(或正当、有理); 对…作出解释; 为…辩解(或辩护); 调整使全⾏排满; 使每⾏排齐.e.g. ..., they also come with the assumption of transitive, Markovian paths, which is not justified in many real systems.23. hinder:v. 阻碍; 妨碍; 阻挡. (反 foster: v. 促进; 助长; 培养; ⿎励; 代养, 抚育, 照料(他⼈⼦⼥⼀段时间))e.g. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of these matrix operators capture how the topology of a system influences the efficiency of diffusion and propagation processes, whether it enforces or mitigates the stability of dynamical systems, or if it hinders or fosters collective dynamics.24. instantiate:v. 例⽰；⽤具体例⼦说明.e.g. To learn the representation we instantiate (2) and split each input MNIST image into two parts ...25. favor:v. 赞同;喜爱, 偏爱; 有利于, 便于. n. 喜爱, 宠爱, 好感, 赞同; 偏袒, 偏爱; 善⾏, 恩惠.26. attenuate: v. 使减弱; 使降低效⼒.e.g. It therefore seems that the bounds we consider favor hard-to-invert encoders, which heavily attenuate part of the noise, over well conditioned encoders.27. elucidate:v. 阐明; 解释; 说明.e.g. Secondly, it elucidates the importance of appropriately choosing the negative samples, which is indeed a critical component in deep metric learning based on triplet losses.28. violate: v. 违反, 违犯, 违背(法律、协议等); 侵犯(隐私等); 使⼈不得安宁; 搅扰; 亵渎, 污损(神圣之地).e.g. Negative samples are obtained by patches from different images as well as patches from the same image, violating the independence assumption.29. compel:v. 强迫, 迫使; 使必须; 引起(反应).30. gauge: v. 判定, 判断(尤指⼈的感情或态度); (⽤仪器)测量, 估计, 估算. n. 测量仪器(或仪表);计量器;宽度;厚度;(枪管的)⼝径e.g. Yet this hyperparameter-tuned approach raises a cubic worst-case space complexity and compels the user to traverse several feature sets and gauge the one that attains the best performance in the downstream task.31. depict: v. 描绘, 描画; 描写, 描述; 刻画.e.g. As they depict different aspects of a node, it would take elaborate designs of graph convolutions such that each set of features would act as a complement to the other.32. sketch: n. 素描;速写;草图;幽默短剧;⼩品;简报;概述 v. 画素描;画速写;概述;简述e.g. Next we sketch how to apply these insights to learning topic models.33. underscore：v. 在…下⾯划线;强调;着重说明 n.下划线e.g. Moreover, the walk-topic distributions generated by Graph Anchor LDA are indeed sharper than those by ordinary LDA, underscoring the need for selecting anchors.34. disclose: v. 揭露;透露;泄露;使显露;使暴露e.g. Another drawback lies in their unexplainable nature, i.e., they cannot disclose the sciences beneath network dynamics.35. coincide: v. 同时发⽣;相同;相符;极为类似;相接;相交;同位;位置重合;重叠e.g. The simulation results coincide quite well with the theoretical results.36. inspect: v. 检查;查看;审视;视察 to look closely at sth/sb, especially to check that everything is as it should be名词1. capacity: n. 容量, 容积, 容纳能⼒; 领悟(或理解、办事)能⼒; 职位, 职责.e.g. This paper studies theoretically the computational capacity limits of graph neural networks (GNN) falling within the message-passing framework of Gilmer et al. (2017).2. implication: n. 可能的影响(或作⽤、结果); 含意, 暗指; (被)牵连, 牵涉.e.g. Section 4 analyses the implications of restricting the depth $d$ and width $w$ of GNN that do not use a readout function.3. trade-off:(在需要⽽⼜相互对⽴的两者间的)权衡, 协调.e.g. This reveals a direct trade-off between the depth and width of a graph neural network.4. cornerstone:n. 基⽯; 最重要部分; 基础; 柱⽯.5. umbrella: n. 伞; 综合体; 总体, 整体; 保护, 庇护(体系).e.g. Community detection is an umbrella term for a large number of algorithms that group nodes into distinct modules to simplify and highlight essential structures in the network topology.6. folklore:n. 民间传统, 民俗; 民间传说.e.g. It is folklore knowledge that maximizing MI does not necessarily lead to useful representations.7. impediment:n. 妨碍,阻碍,障碍; ⼝吃.e.g. While a recent approach overcomes this impediment, it results in poor quality in prediction tasks due to its linear nature.8. obstacle:n. 障碍;阻碍; 绊脚⽯; 障碍物; 障碍栅栏.e.g. However, several major obstacles stand in our path towards leveraging topic modeling of structural patterns to enhance GCNs.9. vicinity:n. 周围地区; 邻近地区; 附近.e.g. The traits with which they engage are those that are performed in their vicinity.10. demerit: n. 过失,缺点,短处; (学校给学⽣记的)过失分e.g. However, their principal demerit is that their implementations are time-consuming when the studied network is large in size. Another介/副/连词1. notwithstanding:prep. 虽然;尽管 adv. 尽管如此.e.g. Notwithstanding this fundamental problem, the negative sampling strategy is often treated as a design choice.2. albeit: conj. 尽管;虽然e.g. Such methods rely on an implicit, albeit rigid, notion of node neighborhood; yet this one-size-fits-all approach cannot grapple with the diversity of real-world networks and applications.3. Hitherto:adv. 迄今;直到某时e.g. Hitherto, tremendous endeavors have been made by researchers to gauge the robustness of complex networks in face of perturbations.短语1.in a nutshell: 概括地说, 简⾔之, ⼀⾔以蔽之.e.g. In a nutshell, GNN are shown to be universal if four strong conditions are met: ...2. counter-intuitively: 反直觉地.3. on-the-fly:动态的(地), 运⾏中的(地).4. shed light on/into:揭⽰, 揭露; 阐明; 解释; 将…弄明⽩; 照亮.e.g. These contemporary works shed light into the stability and generalization capabilities of GCNs.e.g. Discovering roles and communities in networks can shed light on numerous graph mining tasks such as ...5. boil down to: 重点是; 将…归结为.e.g. These aforementioned works usually boil down to a general classification task, where the model is learnt on a training set and selected by checking a validation set.6. for the sake of:为了.e.g. The local structures anchored around each node as well as the attributes of nodes therein are jointly encoded with graph convolution for the sake of high-level feature extraction.7. dates back to:追溯到.e.g. The usual problem setup dates back at least to Becker and Hinton (1992).8. carry out:实施, 执⾏, 实⾏.e.g. We carry out extensive ablation studies and sensi- tivity analysis to show the effectiveness of the proposed functional time encoding and TGAT-layer.9. lay beyond the reach of:...能⼒达不到e.g. They provide us with information on higher-order dependencies between the components of a system, which lay beyond the reach of models that exclusively capture pairwise links.10. account for: ( 数量或⽐例上)占; 导致, 解释(某种事实或情况); 解释, 说明(某事); (某⼈)对(⾏动、政策等)负有责任; 将(钱款)列⼊(预算).e.g. Multilayer models account for the fact that many real complex systems exhibit multiple types of interactions.11. along with: 除某物以外; 随同…⼀起, 跟…⼀起.e.g. Along with giving us the ability to reason about topological features including community structures or node centralities, network science enables us to understand how the topology of a system influences dynamical processes, and thus its function.12. dates back to:可追溯到.e.g. The usual problem setup dates back at least to Becker and Hinton (1992) and can conceptually be described as follows: ...13. to this end:为此⽬的;为此计;为了达到这个⽬标.e.g. To this end, we consider a simple setup of learning a representation of the top half of MNIST handwritten digit images.14. Unless stated otherwise:除⾮另有说明.e.g. Unless stated otherwise, we use a bilinear critic $f(x, y) = x^TWy$, set the batch size to $128$ and the learning rate to $10^{−4}$.15. As a reference point:作为参照.e.g. As a reference point, the linear classification accuracy from pixels drops to about 84% due to the added noise.16. through the lens of:透过镜头. (以...视⾓)e.g. There are (at least) two immediate benefits of viewing recent representation learning methods based on MI estimators through the lens of metric learning.17. in accordance with:符合；依照；和…⼀致.e.g. The metric learning view seems hence in better accordance with the observations from Section 3.2 than the MI view.It can be shown that the anchors selected by our Graph Anchor LDA are not only indicative of “topics” but are also in accordance with the actual graph structures.18. be akin to:近似, 类似, 类似于.e.g. Thus, our learning model is akin to complex contagion dynamics.19. to name a few:仅举⼏例;举⼏个来说.e.g. Multitasking, multidisciplinary work and multi-authored works, to name a few, are ingrained in the fabric of science culture and certainly multi-multi is expected in order to succeed and move up the scientific ranks.20. a handful of:⼀把;⼀⼩撮;少数e.g. A handful of empirical work has investigated the robustness of complex networks at the community level.21. wreak havoc: 破坏;肆虐;严重破坏;造成破坏;浩劫e.g. Failures on one network could elicit failures on its coupled networks, i.e., networks with which the focal network interacts, and eventually those failures would wreak havoc on the entire network.22. apart from: 除了e.g. We further posit that apart from node $a$ node $b$ has $k$ neighboring nodes.。

英文写作常用词汇：近义词

英文写作常用词汇：近义词1．完全：absolute， unconditional， unlimited， complete，unrestricted， unmixed， perfect， entire 2．好：extraordinary， amazing， miraculous， marvelous， stupendous，excellent， good， well， wonderful， fine， nice， of high quality， pleasing， surprising， agreeable 3．小：small，diminutive， puny， little， pocket－sized， petit， minute，tiny 4．多：big ， enormous， large， gigantic， vast，tremendous， gargantuan， huge， immense， a lot of， lots of，many， much， plenty of， a great deal of， a number of， an amount of， a great many， a good many， many a， scores of，dozens of， a great quantity of 5．高兴，快乐：delighted，delightful， pleased， pleasing， charmed， pleasant，cheerful， cheering， merry， happy， gratified， glad， gay，agreeable， friendly， content， satisfied， light－hearted，joyful 6．真的：True， truthful， veracious， faithful，accurate， loyal， staunch， genuine， honest， real，trustworthy， constant．7．全，都：all， whole， entire，complete， perfect， total， the whole number of ， unbroken ，gross 常见的连接词连接词根据其本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义可分为几类：a．表示开场to begin with ， in the first place ， in general ， generally speaking b．表示总结to summarize ， to sum up ， to conclude ， in conclusion ， finally c．表示举例a case in point ， agood illustration / example of … is …，d．表示原因because ， since ， for ， the cause of ， the reason for ，now that e．表示结果as a result ， as a consequence ，consequently f．表示比较both ， like ， likewise ，similarly ， in common ， in the same way g．表示对照onthe contrary ， on the other hand ， despite ， in spite of ，however h．表示列举first ， firstly ， in the firstplace ， first of all ， to begin with i．表示强调especially ， particularly ， certainly ， surely ， chiefly ，actually j．表示让步even though ， although ， in spiteof ， however ， but ，yet 写作的启、承、转、合常用词语小结1．相关“启”的常用词语（用来引导主题句或跟在主题句的后面，引导第一个扩展句）at first 首先at present 现在；当今currently 现在；最近first 首先；第一first of all 首先firstly 首先2．相关“承”的常用词语（用来承接主题句或第一个扩展句）to start with 首先；第一after 此后after a few days 几天之后after a while 过了一会儿also 并且at any rate 无论如何at the same time 同时（用在“转”时，作“不过”解）besides（this）此外3．相关“转”的常用词语（用来表示不同或相反的语气）after all 毕竟all the same 虽然；但是anyway 无论如何at the same time 不过（表轻微转折）but 但是conversely 相反地despite 即使，虽然4．相关“合”的常用词语（用来引导结尾句或最后一个扩展句，表示段落的结束）above all 最主要accordingly 于是asa consequence 所以as a result 结果as has been noted 如前所述及。

写作文的经典词汇英文

写作文的经典词汇英文1. Dude, I gotta say, life is like a roller coaster. You never know what's coming next, and that's what makes it exciting. One moment, you're on top of the world, feeling invincible. And the next, you're plummeting down, feeling like everything is falling apart. But hey, that's just how it goes, right?2. So, picture this: you're walking down the street, minding your own business, when suddenly, you see the most breathtaking sunset. The colors are so vibrant, it's like someone painted the sky with a brush dipped in pure magic. It's moments like these that make you stop and appreciate the beauty of the world around you.3. Alright, let's talk about dreams. We all have them, right? They're like these little sparks of hope that keep us going. Whether it's becoming a famous musician,traveling the world, or starting your own business, dreams give us something to strive for. And let me tell you, whenyou finally achieve that dream, it's the most incredible feeling in the world.4. Love, man. It's a crazy thing. It can make you feel like you're floating on cloud nine, or it can tear your heart to shreds. But you know what? It's worth it. The ups and downs, the laughter and tears, they all make up this beautiful, messy thing called love. And when you find that person who makes your heart skip a beat, it's like finding your missing puzzle piece.5. Failure. It's a word that scares the hell out of most people. But let me tell you something, failure is not the end. It's just a stepping stone on the path to success. Thomas Edison failed a thousand times before he invented the light bulb. So, don't be afraid to fail, my friend. Embrace it, learn from it, and keep pushing forward. Because in the end, failure is just a detour on the road to greatness.6. Ah, the power of friendship. It's like having your own personal cheerleading squad. They're there for youthrough thick and thin, celebrating your victories and lending a shoulder to cry on during the tough times. Friends are the family we choose, and they make life a whole lot more fun. So, cherish those friendships, my friend. They're the ones that will stick by your side no matter what.7. Time, my friend, is a tricky thing. It slips through our fingers like sand, and before we know it, years have gone by. That's why it's so important to make the most of every moment. Don't wait for the perfect time to chase your dreams or tell someone you love them. Carpe diem, seize the day, and live life to the fullest. Because in the end, it's the memories we create that truly matter.8. Change. It's inevitable, my friend. Life is constantly evolving, and we have to adapt with it. Sometimes change can be scary, like stepping into the unknown. But it's also an opportunity for growth and new experiences. So, embrace change, embrace the unknown, and see where life takes you. Who knows, it might just lead you to something amazing.9. Happiness. It's this elusive little thing that we all strive for. We chase after it, thinking that it's this destination we'll reach one day. But the truth is, happiness is not a destination. It's a state of mind. It's finding joy in the little things, appreciating what you have, and being grateful for the present moment. So, my friend, choose happiness every day, and let it light up your life.10. Finally, let's talk about passion. It's that fire that burns inside you, fueling your dreams and pushing you to reach for the stars. Passion is what gives life meaning and purpose. So, find what sets your soul on fire, and pursue it with everything you've got. Because when you're passionate about something, there's no limit to what you can achieve.。

英文写作语料

1.事实上，【人们普遍认同】团队精神是每个想要成功的人所要拥有的最重要的品质。

In fact, 【it has been universally acknowledged that】the spirit of teamwork is the most essential qualification that anyone who wants to achieve success should possess.2.【越来越多的人们】意识到了打击毒品的重要性。

【People in mounting numbers 】have become aware of the significance of fighting against the drugs.3.【随着现代社会的发展】，竞争在各个领域都越来越激烈。

【With the development of modern society】, competition is becoming increasingly fierce in every field.4.国际经济组织为经济全球化的大趋势【打下了坚实的基础】。

International economic organizations 【have laid a solid foundation for】the general trend of economic globalization.5.【那些持反对观点的人认为】，学生不该这么花费他们宝贵的时间。

【Those who object to it argue that】students should not spend their precious time this way.6.幽默感帮助我们【减轻负担】，【缓解压力】，【战胜挫折】。

A sense of humor helps us 【bear the burdens】, 【lessen the tension】,【overcome the frustration】.7.【我们绝对不能】忽略知识的价值。

常用英文写作词汇

常用写作词汇提出议题a debatable issue 一个有争议的问题a debatable claim 一个有争议的主张as regards 至于，关于with regard to 至于，关于as far as …be concerned 就。

而言as to 至于，关于express the wishes of 表达。

的愿望form a low opinion of 对。

反感it is debatable whether…would actually work 。

是否可行是有争议的one of the most hotly debated issues 人们辩论最激烈的问题之一stand for 代表，表示表示赞同或赞赏某种观点或某事heartily approve of sth 完全赞同某事agree fully with sb. That （完全）同意某人的观点，即。

agree to do sth 同意做某事assent to 赞成，同意be all for 赞成be in favor of 赞同gain public favor of 得到广泛拥护have the general consent of sb. 受到某人的一致赞扬there is no denying that 不可否认表达反对意见hold a negative attitude to 对。

持反对意见hold a conservative view to 对。

持保守态度it may seem that…,however…看起来。

，然而。

however,in truth （引出不同意见）然而，实际上in reality,however （引出不同意见）然而，实际上can not stand the idea that 不同意。

的观点disagree with 不同意I can not see any advantage in 看不出。

英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇

英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇1. 并列关系and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example2. 转折关系although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, nevertheless, yet, otherwise, despite3. 顺序关系first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next4. 因果关系as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently, on account of 5. 归纳关系as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word几个用得比较多的句子:As far as I am concerned, the advantages of … outweigh its disadvantages.Nevertheless, the disadvantages of … is undeniable.To sum up/ In general/ On the whole/ In brief/ In short/ In a word, it is true that … bring abo ut both positive and negative results. But we can try our best to reduce the negative influence to the least extent.Obviously, in every aspect, …This diagram unfolds a clear comparison between…and…As to the other three, though the growth rates were not so high, they were indeed remarkable and impressive.英文作文中常用套句下文中出现的A,B, “...”(某事物), "sb"( somebody),要在写作中要根据上下文进行适当替换.开头:When it comes to ..., some think ...There is a public debate today that ...A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise one?Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus.提出观点:Now there is a growing awareness that...It is time we explore the truth of ...Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.进一步提出观点:... but that is only part of the history.Another equally important aspect is ...A is but one of the many effects. Another is ...Besides, other reasons are...提出假想例子的方式:Suppose that...Just imagine what would be like if...It is reasonable to expect...It is not surprising that...举普通例子:For example(instance),...... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)A good case in point is...A particular example for this is...引用:One of the greatest early writers said ..."Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ..."......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...)."......". How often we hear such words like there.讲故事(先说故事主体),this story is not rare...., such delimma we often meet in daily life...., the story still has a realistic significance.提出原因:There are many reasons for ...Why .... , for one thing,...The answer to this problem involves many factors.Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ...The first reason can be obiviously seen.Most people would agree that...Some people may neglect that in fact ...Others suggest that...Part of the explanation is ...进行对比:The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of...Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ...Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...承上启下:To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see...A study of ... will make this point clear让步:Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...I do not deny that A has its own merits.结尾:>From what has been discussed above, we may safely drawthe conclusion that ...In summary, it is wiser ...In short...在作文中引用合适的名言警句,会给你的文章增色许多。

英文论文写作常用词汇和短语汇总

英文论文写作常用词汇和短语汇总时间：2010-01-03 17:19:46 来源：作者：-广泛的in an extensive survey进行conducte，perform, carry out,降，少，缺decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression, deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack ,defective, negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completely absent, frequently lost or down-expressed, presented discontinuous and weaker expression, completely negative, was not detectable or dramatically reduced, very faint, was undetectable or barely detectable, no expression was found,差别gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup differencem7qMed999网No statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA.m7qMed999网Although MMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage, this difference failed to achieve statistical significance.m7qMed999网存在，出现occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, presentm7qMed999网多数，少数the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handfulm7qMed999网方法approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, toolsm7qMed999网发生率Incidence, frequency, prevalencem7qMed999网In contrast with regions of high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show a high prevalence of mutations at A:T base pairs.m7qMed999网发现，阐明，报道，证实verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening ，isolationm7qMed999网改变change, alteration, m7qMed999网高，增加high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forcedm7qMed999网各种，多种in multiple types of neoplasia, in various types of apoptosis, in a variety of tumorsm7qMed999网关系，相关，参与closely involved in, associated,m7qMed999网角色，起作用role, part （limited, potential, early, possible role），serve antiapoptotic functionsm7qMed999网可能性feasibilitym7qMed999网密切地intimatelym7qMed999网难理解的，似谜的enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)m7qMed999网潜在假定的potential, candidate, putative,m7qMed999网缩写abbreviationsm7qMed999网识别，辨别discernment m7qMed999网事件m7qMed999网Metastasis to the liver is a common event in clinical oncology.m7qMed999网a putative tumor initiating eventm7qMed999网a (more, extremely, highly, rather, fairly) common initial, m7qMed999网a common event in the signal transduction mechanisms of, in the signal transduction processesm7qMed999网a common event associated with the mechanisms ofm7qMed999网a common early event in responses of, after high-dose chemotherapym7qMed999网a common event following gestational exposure to immunotoxicantsm7qMed999网a common event （that occurs）during apoptosis is……m7qMed999网a common event during oncogenic transformation, in neoplastic transformation that directly or indirectly involves activation of specific tyrosine kinase signaling pathwaysm7qMed999网a common event through whichm7qMed999网a common event in vivom7qMed999网a rather common event of unknown biological significancem7qMed999网a common event resulting from heterogeneous aberrationsm7qMed999网a common event regardless of histological subtyping, but does not bear any pejorative significancem7qMed999网a common event contributing tom7qMed999网a rare, common, prerequisite, central, major, transient, initiation, stressful, critical, crucial, secondary, independent, regulatory, early, earlier, late, later, subsequent, circumstantial, untoward, upstream, irreversible, very frequent eventm7qMed999网提供，帮助provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist inm7qMed999网调节（失调，上调，下调）dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expression, over-expression, down-expression, down-regulation, m7qMed999网推测presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce，deduction (推论)m7qMed999网无所不在地(表达，如MEN1)ubiquitouslym7qMed999网显著,优先的prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong, striking ,notable, Conspicuously, remarkably，significant, preferential, prevalence, prevalent,m7qMed999网相关性m7qMed999网related, more relevant with ，the relevance ofm7qMed999网no intergroup difference，irrespective ofm7qMed999网There was no significant correlation to gender, age, clinical symptoms, histology, T or N status, TNM stage, or tumor location.m7qMed999网Neither eNOS nor nNOS expression was associated with vascular density, tumor grade or the TNM status of the tumors.m7qMed999网No correlations were found between bFGF and age, menopausal status, TNM or pTNM, histology, SBR grading or steroid receptors.m7qMed999网we did not find any correlation between bax expression and any clinicopathologic parameters (sex, age, TNM status, tumor grade, histological type).m7qMed999网相同，同等并列m7qMed999网The coordinated induction of all three FOXO3a targets prompted us to examine the status of FOXO3a itselfm7qMed999网with a similar pattern tom7qMed999网协同，加强m7qMed999网synergize withm7qMed999网研究analysis, survey, study, research, investigation, experiments, trial, observations, assessment,inquiry, examinations ,pursue investigation into, analyze, detect, determinate, be focused on, measure, examine, test, assess, evaluate, explore,m7qMed999网一致m7qMed999网which is in accord with the resultsm7qMed999网which corroborated the resultsm7qMed999网which supported the resultsm7qMed999网优缺点merits and drawbacks，beneficial and detrimentalm7qMed999网异常aberration, abnormalitym7qMed999网重要crucial, key, important, major, be of critical importance m7qMed999网相反m7qMed999网On the contrary, m7qMed999网In contrary,m7qMed999网but quite on the contrarym7qMed999网in sharp contrast,m7qMed999网contrary to what would be expectedm7qMed999网Contrary to the expectation thatm7qMed999网Contrary to previous beliefs,m7qMed999网Contrary to the hypothesis,m7qMed999网Contrary to current popular truismsm7qMed999网Contrary to current cognitive theories,m7qMed999网However, contrary to expectation,…….m7qMed999网Contrary to predictions,…m7qMed999网in contrast to previous observations…m7qMed999网Contrary to prediction,……m7qMed999网Contrary to most previous claims,m7qMed999网与一起in combination with, coupled withm7qMed999网由于、鉴于m7qMed999网In light ofm7qMed999网In view that英语学术论文常用句型Beginning1. In this paper, we focus on the need for2. This paper proceeds as follow.3. The structure of the paper is as follows.4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on theIntroduction1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered.Review1. This review is followed by an introduction.2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2.3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given.4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ...5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx.6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods.Body1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance.2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic.3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.5. Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time window6. Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the ...7. Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ….. and also discusses how to evaluate system performance.8. Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx.10. Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision.11. Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rules12. The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies.13. Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model.14. Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost variance investigation.15. Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx.16. Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process.17. Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3.18. Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental data.19. Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model ..20. Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work.21. Section 6 illustrates the model with an example.22. Various ways of justification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section 2.23. In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole model of human DM system24. In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a ... scheme must satisfy.25. In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order dense.26. In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical study currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership functions.27. In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference experiments... This Section1. In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are described.2. We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent results.Next Section2. The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the computer implementation of such fuzzy logic statements.3. However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section.4. The three components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis ofa computer information system will then illustrate their use.5. We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following sections.6. The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xxSummary1. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section 5.2. Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation.3. Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research.4. Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the paper.5. Finally, conclusions and future work are summarized6. The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are drawn.7. Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper.Chapter 0. Abstract1. A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables.2. This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures.3. This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx.4. The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy relations.5. The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision.6. The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithm.7. The usefulness of xx is also considered.8. A brief methodology used in xx is discussed.9. The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem.10. A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices.11. Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified.12. The use of the method is discussed and an example is given.13. Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed technique.14. This paper analyses problems in15. This paper outlines the functions carried out by ...16. This paper includes an illustration of the ...17. This paper provides an overview and information useful for approaching18. Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated.19. The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx20. Our proposed model is verified through experimental study.21. The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of: xx, xx22. The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic variables.23. A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedureChapter 1. IntroductionTime1. Over the course of the past 30 years, .. has emerged form intuitive2. T echnological revolutions have recently hit the industrial world3. The advent of ... systems for has had a significant impact on the4. The development of ... is explored5. During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a variety of directions6.The concept of xx was investigated quite intensively in recent years7. There has been a turning point in ... methodology in accordance with the advent of ...8. A major concern in ... today is to continue to improve...9. A xx is a latecomer in the part representation arena.10. At the time of this writing, there is still no standard way of xx11. Although a lot of effort is being spent on improving these weaknesses, the efficient and effective method has yet to be developed.12. The pioneer work can be traced to xx [1965].13. To date, none of the methods developed is perfect and all are far from ready to be used in commercial systems.Objective / Goal / Purpose1. The purpose of the inference engine can be outlined as follows:2. The ultimate goal of the xx system is to allow the non experts to utilize the existing knowledge in the area of manual handling of loads, and to provide intelligent, computer aided instruction for xxx.3. The paper concerns the development of a xx4. The scope of this research lies in5. The main theme of the paper is the application of rule based decision making.6. These objectives are to be met with such thoroughness and confidence as to permit ...7. The objectives of the ... operations study are as follows:8. The primary purpose/consideration/objective of9. The ultimate goal of this concept is to provide10. The main objective of such a ... system is to11. The aim of this paper is to provide methods to construct such probability distribution.12. In order to achieve these objectives, an xx must meet the following requirements:13. In order to take advantage of their similarity14. more research is still required before final goal of ... can be completed15. In this trial, the objective is to generate...16. for the sake of concentrating on ... research issues17. A major goal of this report is to extend the utilization of a recently developed procedure for the xx.18. For an illustrative purpose, four well known OR problems are studied in presence of fuzzy data: xx.19. A major thrust of the paper is to discuss approaches and strategies for structuring ..methods20. This illustration points out the need to specify21. The ultimate goal is both descriptive and prescriptive.22. Chapter 2. Literature Review23. A wealth of information is to be found in the statistics literature, for example, regarding xx24. A considerable amount of research has been done .. during the last decade25. A great number of studies report on the treatment of uncertainties associated with xx.26. There is considerable amount of literature on planning27. However, these studies do not provide much attention to uncertainty in xx.28. Since then, the subject has been extensively explored and it is still under investigation as well in methodological aspects as in concrete applications.29. Many research studies have been carried out on this topic.30. Problem of xx draws recently more and more attention of system analysis.31. Attempts to resolve this dilemma have resulted in the development of32. Many complex processes unfortunately, do not yield to this design procedure and have, therefore, not yet been automated.33. Most of the methods developed so far are deterministic and /or probabilistic in nature.34. The central issue in all these studies is to35. The problem of xx has been studied by other investigators, however, these studies have been based upon classical statistical approaches.36. Applied ... techniques to37. Characterized the ... system as38. Developed an algorithm to39. Developed a system called ... which40. Uses an iterative algorithm to deduce41. Emphasized the need to42. Identifies six key issues surrounding high technology43. A comprehensive study of the... has been undertaken44. Much work has been reported recently in these filed45. Proposed/Presented/State that/Described/Illustrated/Indicated/Has shown / showed/Address/Highlights46. Point out that the problem of47. A study on ...was done / developed by []48. Previous work, such as [] and [], deal only with49. The approach taken by [] is50. The system developed by [] consists51. A paper relevant to this research was published by []52. []'s model requires consideration of...53. []' model draws attention to evolution in human development54. []'s model focuses on...55. Little research has been conducted in applying ... to56. The published information that is relevant to this research...57. This study further shows that58. Their work is based on the principle of59. More history of ... can be found in xx et al. [1979].60. Studies have been completed to established61. The ...studies indicated that62. Though application of xx in the filed of xx has proliferated in recent years, effort in analyzing xx, especially xx, is lacking.Problem / Issue / Question63. Unfortunately, real-world engineering problems such as manufacturing planning do not fit well with this narrowly defined model. They tend to span broad activities and require consideration of multiple aspects.64. Remedy / solve / alleviate these problems67. ... is a difficult problem, yet to be adequately resolved68. T wo major problems have yet to be addressed69. An unanswered question70. This problem in essence involves using x to obtain a solution.71. An additional research issue to be tackled is ....72. Some important issues in developing a ... system are discussed73. The three prime issues can be summarized:74. The situation leads to the problem of how to determine the ...75. There have been many attempts to76. It is expected to be serious barrier to77. It offers a simple solution in a limited domain for a complex。

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英文论文写作常用词汇整理差别gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup differenceNo statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA.Although MMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage, this difference failedto achieve statistical significance.存在，出现occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present 多数，少数the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handful 方法approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools发生率Incidence, frequency, prevalenceIn contrast with regions of high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show a high prevalence ofmutations at A:T base pairs.发现，阐明，报道，证实verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identificationof ，screening ，isolation改变change, alteration,高，增加high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced各种，多种in multiple types of neoplasia, in various types of apoptosis, in a variety of tumors关系，相关，参与closely involved in, associated,广泛的in an extensive survey进行conducte，perform, carry out,降，少，缺decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression, deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack ,defective, negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completely absent, frequently lost or down-expressed, presented discontinuous and weaker expression, completely negative, was not detectable or dramatically reduced, very faint, was undetectable or barely detectable,no expression was found,角色，起作用role, part （limited, potential, early, possible role），serve antiapoptotic functions可能性feasibility密切地intimately难理解的，似谜的enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)潜在假定的potential, candidate, putative,缩写abbreviations识别，辨别discernment事件Metastasis to the liver is a common event in clinical oncology.a putative tumor initiating eventa (more, extremely, highly, rather, fairly) common initial,a common event in the signal transduction mechanisms of, in the signal transduction processesa common event associated with the mechanisms ofa common early event in responses of, after high-dose chemotherapya common event following gestational exposure to immunotoxicantsa common event （that occurs）during apoptosis is……a common event during oncogenic transformation, in neoplastic transformation that directly or indirectlyinvolves activation of specific tyrosine kinase signaling pathwaysa common event through whicha common event in vivoa rather common event of unknown biological significancea common event resulting from heterogeneous aberrationsa common event regardless of histological subtyping, but does not bear any pejorative significancea common event contributing toa rare, common, prerequisite, central, major, transient, initiation, stressful, critical, crucial, secondary,independent, regulatory, early, earlier, late, later, subsequent, circumstantial, untoward, upstream,irreversible, very frequent event提供，帮助provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in调节（失调，上调，下调）dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expression, over-expression,down-expression, down-regulation,推测presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce，deduction (推论)无所不在地(表达，如MEN1)ubiquitously显著,优先的prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong, striking ,notable, Conspicuously, remarkably，significant, preferential, prevalence, prevalent,相关性related, more relevant with ，the relevance ofno intergroup difference，irrespective ofThere was no significant correlation to gender, age, clinical symptoms, histology, T or N status, TNM stage,or tumor location.Neither eNOS nor nNOS expression was associated with vascular density, tumor grade or the TNM statusof the tumors.No correlations were found between bFGF and age, menopausal status, TNM or pTNM, histology, SBRgrading or steroid receptors.we did not find any correlation between bax expression and any clinicopathologic parameters (sex, age,TNM status, tumor grade, histological type).相同，同等并列The coordinated induction of all three FOXO3a targets prompted us to examine the status of FOXO3a itselfwith a similar pattern to协同，加强synergize with研究analysis, survey, study, research, investigation, experiments, trial, observations, assessment, inquiry, examinations ,pursue investigation into, analyze, detect, determinate, be focused on, measure, examine,test, assess, evaluate, explore,一致which is in accord with the resultswhich corroborated the resultswhich supported the results优缺点merits and drawbacks，beneficial and detrimental异常aberration, abnormality重要crucial, key, important, major, be of critical importance相反On the contrary,In contrary,but quite on the contraryin sharp contrast,contrary to what would be expectedContrary to the expectation thatContrary to previous beliefs,Contrary to the hypothesis,Contrary to current popular truismsContrary to current cognitive theories,However, contrary to expectation,…….Contrary to predictions,…in contrast to previous observations…Contrary to prediction,……Contrary to most previous claims,与一起in combination with, coupled with由于、鉴于In light ofIn view that以上内容来自：学客行论文查重，文章由学客行论文查重搜集整理攻略。