病理生理学名词中英文对照

病理生理学名词中英文对照病理生理学pathophysiology脑死亡brain death临终关怀hospice care 水电解质代谢紊乱脱水dehydration低渗性脱水hypotonic dehydration 高渗性脱水hypertonic dehydration 等渗性脱水isotonic dehydration 水中毒water intoxication水肿edema全身性水肿anasarca 滤过分数filtration fraction潴留retention低钾血症hypokalemia反常性酸性尿paradoxical acidic urine 高钾血症hyperkalemia反常性碱性尿paradoxical alkaline urine酸碱平衡紊乱挥发酸volatile acid固定酸fixed acid标准碳酸氢盐standard bicarbonate,SB 实际碳酸氢盐actual bicarbonate,AB 缓冲碱buffer base，BB碱剩余base excess,BE 阴离子间隙anion gap，AG代谢性酸中毒metabolic acidosis 乳酸酸中毒lactic acidosis酮症酸中毒keto-acidosis呼吸性酸中毒respiratory acidosis慢性阻塞性肺病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD肺性脑病pulmonary encephalopathy 代谢性碱中毒metabolic alkalosis盐水反应性碱中毒saline-responsive alkalosis盐水抵抗性碱中毒saline-resistant alkalosis呼吸性碱中毒respiratory alkalosis双重性酸碱失衡double acid-base disorders 缺氧缺氧hypoxia血氧分压partial pressure of oxygen，PO2 血氧容量oxygen binding capacity，CO2max 血氧含量oxygen content，CO2低张性缺氧hypotonic hypoxia乏养性缺氧hypoxic hypoxia发绀cyanosis血液型缺氧hemic hypoxia等张性缺氧isotonic hypoxia 碳氧血红蛋白carboxyhemoglobin，HbCO 高铁血红蛋白methemoglobin，HbFe3+OH 肠源性发绀enterogenous cyanosis循环性缺氧circulatory hypoxia低动力性缺氧hypokinetic hypoxia缺血性缺氧ischemic hypoxia组织性缺氧histogenous hypoxia氧利用障碍性缺氧dysoxidative hypoxia 高原肺水肿high altitude pulmonary edema周期性呼吸periodic breat发热发热fever 过热hyperthermia 视前区下丘脑前部preoptic anterior hypothalamus，POAH内毒素endotoxin，ET致热原pyrogen中杏仁核medial amygdaloid nucleus稽留期fastigium腹中隔ventral septal area，VSA前列腺素prostaglandin，PG热限febrile ceiling应激应激stress良性应激eustress 劣性应激distress 交感-肾上腺髓质系统sympathetic-adrenal medulla system去甲肾上腺素norepinephrine，NE应激性溃疡stress ulcer肠易激综合征irritable bowel syndrome，糖皮质激素glucocorticoid，GC蓝斑locus ceruleus 边缘系统limbic system室旁核paraventricular nucleus抗利尿激素antidiuretic hormone，ADH 急性期反应蛋白acute phase protein，AP下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质系统hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex system，HPA缺血-再灌注损伤缺血-再灌注损伤ischemia-reperfusion injury，IRI缺血后适应postconditioning氧自由基oxygen free radical黄嘌呤氧化酶xanthine oxidase，XO黄嘌呤脱氢酶xanthine dehydrogenase，XD 呼吸爆发respiratory burst氧爆发oxygen burst 脂质过氧化lipid peroxidation钙超载calcium overload心肌顿抑myocardial stunning再灌注心律失常reperfusion arrhythmia 胀亡oncosis休克休克shock虚脱collapse脓毒性休克septic shock 过敏性休克anaphylactic shock脓毒症sepsis低血容量性休克hypovolemic shock 血管源性休克vasogenic shock微循环microcirculation一氧化氮nitric oxide，NO休克代偿期ischemic anoxia phase 休克失代偿期decompensatory stage 淤血性缺氧期stagnant anoxia phase 白细胞滚动rolling微循环衰竭期microcirculatory failure phase无复流现象no-reflow phenomenon全身炎症反应综合征systemic inflammatory response syndrome，SIRS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute respiratorydistress syndrome，ARDS休克肺shock lung多器官功能障碍综合征mutilple organ dysfunction syndrome，MODS 抗凝血平衡紊乱纤溶酶原激活物plasminogen activator，PA弥漫性血管内凝血disseminated intravascular coagulation，DIC裂体细胞schistocyte微血管病性溶血性贫血microangiopathic hemolytic anemia心功能不全心功能不全cardiac insufficiency心力衰竭heart failure前负荷preload容量负荷volume load后负荷afterload压力负荷pressure load低输出量性心力衰竭low output heart failure高输出量性心力衰竭high output heart failure心室重塑ventricular remodeling离心性肥大eccentric hypertrophy颈静脉充盈engorgement of neck vein 肺水肿pulmonary edema 呼吸困难dyspnea劳力性呼吸困难dyspnea on exertion 向心性肥大concentric hypertrophy 心性哮喘cardiac asthma夜间阵发性呼吸困难paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea端坐呼吸orthopnea肺功能不全呼吸衰竭respiratory failure低氧血症型呼吸衰竭hypoxemic respiratory failure伴有高碳酸血症性低氧血症呼吸衰竭hypercapnic respiratory failure限制性通气不足restrictive hypoventilation 阻塞性通气不足obstructive hypoventilation 吸气性呼吸困难inspiratory dyspnea 呼气性呼吸困难expiratory dyspnea弥散障碍diffusion impairment通气与血流比例失调ventilation-perfusion imbalance功能性分流functional shunt静脉血掺杂venous admixture死腔样通气dead space like ventilation 解剖分流anatomic shunt 真性分流true shunt急性呼吸窘迫综合症acute respiratory distress syndrome，ARDS 慢性阻塞性肺病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD CO2麻醉carbon dioxide narcosis肺性脑病pulmonary encephalopathy肝功能不全肝功能不全hepatic insufficiency肝功能衰竭hepatic failure肝性脑病hepatic encephalopathy，HE 肝昏迷hepatic coma 扑翼样震颤asterixis氨中毒学说ammonia intoxication hypothesis假性神经递质学说false neurotransmitter hypothesis苯乙醇胺phenylethanolamine 羟苯乙醇胺octpamine 氨基酸失衡学说amino acid imbalance hypothesis芳香族氨基酸aromatic amino acid，AAA 支链氨基酸branched chain amino，BCAA GABA 学说GABA hypothesis肝肾综合症hepatorenal syndrome，HRS肾功能不全肾功能不全renal insufficiency 肾功能衰竭renal failure急性肾功能衰竭acute renal failure，ARF 慢性肾功能不全chronic renal failure，CRF 尿毒症uremia肾前性急性肾功能衰竭prerenal failure 功能性肾功能衰竭functional renal failure 肾前性氮质血症prerenal azotemia肾性急性肾功能衰竭intrarenal failure器质性肾功能衰竭parenchymal renal failure肾小管细胞和间质细胞损伤学说tubular and interstitial cells lesion hypothesis 急性肾小管坏死acute tubular necrosis，ATN肾后性急性肾功能衰竭postrenal failure 肾后性氮质血症postrenal azotemia少尿oliguria无尿anuria 多尿polyuria氮质血症azotemia健存肾单位假说intant nephron hypothesis 矫枉失衡学说trade-off hypothesis肾小球过度滤过假说glomerular hyperfiltration hypothesis夜尿nocturia等渗尿isothenuria低渗尿hyposthenuria血浆氮质尿blood urea nitrogen，BUN 高磷血症hyperphosphatemia高钾血症hyperkalemia肾性骨营养不良renal osteodystrophy 肾性高血压renal hypertension钠依赖性高血压sodium-dependent hypertension 肾素依赖性高血压renin-dependent hypertension 肾性贫血renal anemia终末期肾功能衰竭end-stage renal failure，ESRF 尿毒症性脑病uremic encephalopathy尿素霜urea cream。