生理学名词中英文对照教学文案

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生理学名词中英文对照

生理学名词中英文对照

生理学名词中英文对照第一章绪论1.机体的内环境(internal environment)2.稳态(homeostasis)3.反射(reflex)4.反射弧(reflex arc)5.旁分泌调节(paracrine regulation)6.自身调节(autoregulation)7.负反馈(negative feedback)8.正反馈(positive feedback)9.前馈(feed-forward)第二章细胞的基本功能10. 被动转运(passive transport)11. 单纯扩散(simple diffusion)12. 经载体易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via carrier)13. 经通道易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via ion channel)14. 电压门控通道(voltage gated ion channel)15. 离子通道(ion channel)16. 化学门控通道(chemically gated ion channel)17. 机械门控通道(mechanically gated ion channel)18. 原发性主动转运(primary active transport)19. 继发性主动转运(secondary active transport)20. 同向转运(symport)21. 反向转运(antiport)22. 出胞(exocytosis)23. 入胞(endocytosis)24. 跨膜信号转导(transmembrane signal transduction)25. 刺激(stimulation) 26. 兴奋(excitation)27. 兴奋性(excitability) 28. 阈值(threshold)29. 极化(polarization)30. 去极化(depolarization)31. 超极化(hyperpolarization)32. 复极化(repolarization)33. 内向电流(inward current)34. 外向电流(outward current)35. 电化学驱动力(electrochemical driving force)36. 静息电位(resting potential) 37. K+平衡电位(K+ equilibrium potential)38. 动作电位(action potential) 39. 超射(overshoot)40. “全或无”现象(“all or none”phenomenon)41. 阈电位(threshold potential)42. 局部电位(local potential)43. 时间性总和(temporal summation)44. 空间性总和(spatial summation)45. 量子释放(quantal release)46. 兴奋-收缩耦联(excitation-contraction coupling)47. 等长收缩(isometric contraction)48. 等张收缩(isotonic contraction)49. 前负荷(preload)50. 后负荷(afterload)51.肌肉收缩能力(contractility) 52.不完全强直收缩(incomplete tetauns)53.完全强直收缩(complete tetanus)54.运动单位(motor unit)第三章血液55. 血细胞比容(hematocrit)56. 血浆渗透压(plasma osmotic pressure)57. 血浆晶体渗透压(plasma crystal osmotic pressure)58. 血浆胶体渗透压(plasma colloid osmotic pressure)59. 悬浮稳定性(suspension stability)60.红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate)61.红细胞渗透脆性(osmotic fragility)62.血小板黏附(platelet adhesion)63.血小板聚集(platelet aggregation)64.生理性止血(hemostasis)65.出血时间(bleeding time)66.凝血时间(clotting time)67.血液凝固(blood coagulation)68.血清(serum)69.凝血因子(clotting factor)70.内源性凝血途径(intrinsic pathway)71.外源性凝血途径(extrinsic pathway)72.纤维蛋白溶解(fibrinolysis)73.血型(blood group)74.红细胞凝集(agglutination)75.凝集原(agglutinogen)76.凝集素(agglutinin)77.交叉配血试验(corss-match test)第四章血液循环78. 心动周期(cardiac cycle)79. 等容收缩期(period of isovolumic contraction)80. 等容舒张期(period of isovolumic relaxation)81. 每搏输出量(stroke volume)82. 射血分数(ejection fraction)83. 心输出量(cardiac output)84 心指数(cardiac index)85. 异长调节(heterometric regulation)86.心室功能曲线(ventricular function curve)87.心肌收缩能力(myocardial contractility)88.等长调节(homometric regulation)89.快反应细胞(fast response cell)90.慢反应细胞(slow response cell)91.期前收缩(premature systole)92.代偿间歇(compensatory pause)93.自动节律性(autorhythmicity) 94.正常起搏点(normal pacemaker)95.潜在起搏点(latent pacemaker)96.异位起搏点(ectopic pacemaker)97.房室延搁(atrioventricular delay)98.膜反应曲线(membrane responsiveness curve)99.钙触发钙释放(calcium-induced Ca2+ release)100.外周阻力(peripheral resistance)101.动脉血压(arterial blood pressure)102.收缩压(systolic pressure)103.舒张压(diastolic pressure)104.平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure)105.中心静脉压(central venous pressure)106.微循环(microcirculation)107.压力感受性反射(baroreceptor reflex)第五章呼吸108.肺通气(pulmonary ventilation)109.肺换气(gas exchange in lungs)110.呼吸运动(respiratory movement)111.弹性阻力(elastic resistance)112.顺应性(compliance) 113.肺的静态顺应性(static compliance)114.比顺应性(specific compliance) 115.肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant)116.气道阻力(airway resistance) 117.潮气量(tidal volume)118.余气量(residual volume)119.功能余气量(functional residual capacity)120.肺活量(vital capacity) 121.用力肺活量(forced vital capacity)122.用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume)123.肺通气量(pulmonary ventilation)124.解剖无效腔(anatomical dead space) 125.肺泡无效腔(alveolar dead space) 126.肺泡通气量(alveolar ventilation)127.通气/血流比值(ventilation/perfusion ratio)128.血氧容量(oxygen capacity) 129.血氧含量(oxygen content)130.血氧饱和度(oxygen saturation) 131.氧解离曲线(oxygen dissociation curve) 132.肺牵张反射(pulmonary stretch reflex)第六章消化与吸收133.消化(digestion)134.机械性消化(mechanical digestion)135.化学性消化(chemical digestion)136.吸收(absorption)137.慢波(slow wave)138.胃肠激素(gastrointestinal hormone)139.脑-肠肽(braingut peptide)140.黏液-碳酸氢盐屏障(mucus bicarbonate barrier)141.胃黏膜屏障(gastric mucosal barrier)142.容受性舒张(receptive relaxation)143.紧张性收缩(tonic contraction)144.胃的排空(gastric emptying)145.肠-胃反射(entero-gastric reflex)146.分节运动(segmentation contraction)147.胆盐的肠-肝循环(enterohepatic circulation of bile salt)第七章能量代谢与体温148. 能量代谢(energy metabolism)149. 食物的热价(thermal equivalent of food)150. 氧热价(thermal equivalent of oxygen)151. 呼吸商(respiratory quotient) 152. 基础代谢率(basal metabolic rate) 153. 体温(body temperature)154.温热性发汗(thermal sweating)155.精神性发汗(mental sweating 156.热敏神经元(warm-sensitive neuron) 157.冷敏神经元(cold-sensitive neuron)第八章尿的生成和排出158. 管-球反馈(tubuloglomerular feedback)159. 肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate)160. 滤过分数(filtration fraction)161. 有效滤过压(effective filtration pressure)162. 肾糖阈(renal threshold for glucose)163. 葡萄糖吸收极限量(transfer maximum of glucose)164. 渗透性利尿(osmotic diuresis)165. 球-管平衡(glomerulotubular balance) 166. 水利尿(water diuresis)167.清除率(clearance)第九章感觉器官的功能168. 感受器(receptor)169. 感觉器官(sense organ)170. 适宜刺激(adequate stimulus)171. 换能作用(transducer function)172. 瞳孔对光反射(pupillary light reflex)173.互感性对光反射(consensual light reflex)174. 瞳孔近反射(near reflex of the pupil)175.视敏度(visual acuity)176.暗适应(dark adaptation)177.明适应(light adaptation)178.视野(visual field)179.听阈(hearing threshold)180.耳蜗内电位(endocochlear potential)181.耳蜗微音器电位(cochlear microphonic potential)182.眼球震颤(nystagmus)第十章神经系统的功能183.突触(synapse)184.经典的突触(classical synapse)185.兴奋性突触后电位(excitatory postsynaptic potential)186.抑制性突触后电位(inhibitory postsynaptic potential)187.非定向突触(non-directed synapse)188.电突触(electric synapse)189.神经递质(neurotransmitter)190.神经调质(neuromodulator)191.受体(receptor)192.激动剂(agonist)193.拮抗剂(antagonist)194.上调(up regulation)195.下调(down regulation)196.胆碱能纤维(cholinergic fiber)197.肾上腺素能纤维(adrenergic fiber)198.突触后抑制(postsynaptic inhibition)199.传入侧支性抑制(afferent collateral inhibition)200.回返性抑制(recurrent inhibition) 201.突触前抑制(presynaptic inhibition)202.特异投射系统(specific projection system)203.非特异投射系统(nonspecific projection system)204.牵涉痛(referred pain)205.脊休克(spinal shock)206.牵张反射(stretch reflex)207.腱反射(tendon reflex)208.肌紧张(muscle tonus) 209.去大脑僵直(decerebrate rigidity)210.α僵直(α-rigidity)211.γ僵直(γ-rigidity)212.自发脑电活动(spontaneous electric activity of the brain)213.脑电图(electroencephalogram)214.脑干网状结构上行激动系统(ascending reticular activating system)215.慢波睡眠(slow wave sleep)216.异相睡眠(paradoxical sleep)第十一章内分泌217. 激素(hormone) 218. 允许作用(permissive action) 219. 长反馈(long-loop feedback)220. 短反馈(short-loop feedback)221. 超短反馈(ultra-short-loop feedback)222. 下丘脑调节肽(hypothalamic regulatory peptides)223. 应激反应(stress reaction)224.应急反应(emergency reaction)第十二章生殖225. 月经(menstruation)226. 月经周期(menstrual cycle)227. 增生期(proliferative phase)228. 黄体期(luteal phase)。

生理学英文专业词汇

生理学英文专业词汇

第1章英文专业词汇(英汉对照)Aacclimatization, accustomization 习服acute animal experiment 急性动物实验afferent nerve 传入神经autoregulation * 自身调节Bbody fluid 体液Ccell physiology 细胞生理学center 中枢chronic animal experiment 慢性动物实验closed-loop system 闭环系统control system 控制系统cybernetics 控制论Eeffecter 效应器efferent nerve 传出神经experiment in vivo 在体实验experiment in vitro 离体实验extracellular fluid, ECF 细胞外液Ffeedback * 反馈feed-forward * 前馈Ggeneral physiology 普通生理学Hhuman physiology 人体生理学humoral regulation * 体液调节homeostasis ** 稳态hormone 激素Iinternal environment ** 内环境interstitial fluid, ISF 组织间液intracellular fluid, ICF 细胞内液Nnegative feedback ** 负反馈neurohormone 神经激素neurohumoral regulation 神经 - 体液调节neuroregulation * 神经调节neurosecretion 神经分泌Oorganism 生物体organ physiology 器官生理学Pparacrine 旁分泌physiological experiment 生理学实验physiology ** 生理学plasma 血浆positive feedback * 正反馈Rreceptor 感受器reflex * 反射reflex arc ** 反射弧resetting 重调定Sset point ** 调定点Ttarget cell 靶细胞telecrine 远距分泌tissue fluid 组织液第2章英文专业词汇(英汉对照)Aabsolute refractory period** 绝对不应期acetylcholine, ACh** 乙酰胆碱acetylcholinesterase** 乙酰胆碱酯酶actin* 肌动蛋白 ; 肌纤蛋白action potential** 动作电位activation** 激活active transport** 主动转运adenylyl cyclase, AC** 腺苷酸环化酶after depolarization* 后去极化after hyperpolarization* 后超极化after-potential* 后电位afterload** 后负荷all-or-none response** “全或无”反应amphiphilic molecule* 双嗜性分子analogue signal 模拟信号antigen 抗原antiport** 反向转运antiporter* 反向转运体aquaporin, AQP 水孔蛋白arrhythmia 心律失常atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP* 心房钠尿肽autophosphorylation 自身磷酸化autorhythmicity** 自律性Bbarrier function 屏障功能blocker 阻断剂brain natriuretic peptide, BNP* 脑钠尿肽a -bungarotoxin a - 银环蛇毒CCa 2+ -binding protein, CaBP* 钙结合蛋白calcium channel 钙通道calcium-induced Ca 2+ release, CICR** 钙触发钙释放calcium pump* 钙泵calcium release channel** 钙释放通道calmodulin, CaM ** 钙调蛋白cardiac muscle* 心肌carrier** 载体cell* 细胞cell membrane* 细胞膜central nervous system 中枢神经系统channel* 通道chemically-gated ion channel** 化学门控通道chloride channel 氯通道cholesterol* 胆固醇Cl - equilibrium potential, E Cl* Cl - 平衡电位clathrin 网格蛋白close** 关闭coated pit 有被小窝coated vesicle 有被囊泡competitive inhibition* 竞争抑制complete tetanus 完全性强直收缩concentration gradient 浓度梯度conformational change 构象变化connexin* 连接蛋白connexon* 连接子contractility** 肌肉收缩能力cross-bridge* 横桥cross-bridge cycling* 横桥周期cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP** 环一磷酸腺苷cyclic guanosine monophosphate, cGMP** 环一磷酸鸟苷cytokine 细胞因子cytosol 胞质Ddark band 暗带deactivation** 去激活dense band 致密带dense body* 致密体dense patch 致密斑dephosphorylation 去磷酸化depolarization** 去极化detachment 解离diacylglycerol, DG* 二酰甘油duration of stimulus 刺激持续时间Eelectrical gradient 电位梯度electrical synapse* 电突触electrically excitable cell 电可兴奋细胞electrocardiogram, ECG 心电图electrochemical driving force* 电化学驱动力electroencephalogram, EEG 脑电图electromechanical coupling* 电 - 机械耦联electromyogram 肌电图electrotonic potential** 电紧张电位electrotonic propagation** 电紧张扩布endocytosis** 入胞endocytotic vesicle 吞饮泡endplate membrane* 终板膜endplate potential, EPP** 终板电位ensemble current 总体平均电流enzyme-linked receptor* 酶联型受体equilibriam potential* 平衡电位exchanger** 交换体excitability** 兴奋性excitable cell** 可兴奋细胞excitation** 兴奋excitation-contraction coupling** 兴奋 - 收缩耦联excitation-secretion coupling** 兴奋 - 分泌耦联exocytosis** 出胞Ffacilitated diffusion via carrier** 经载体易化扩散facilitated diffusion via ion channel** 经通道易化扩散fluid mosaic model* 液态镶嵌模型fluid-phase endocytosis* 液相入胞Ggap junction** 缝隙连接gap junction channel** 缝隙连接通道gastric parietal cell 壁细胞gate 闸门gating** 门控generator potential 发生器电位genetic expression 基因表达G protein* G 蛋白G protein effector** G 蛋白效应器G protein-linked receptor** G 蛋白耦联受体glucose 葡萄糖D-glucose carrier 右旋葡萄糖载体glucose transporter, GLUT** 葡萄糖转运体glycolipid* 糖脂glycoprotein* 糖蛋白growth factor 生长因子guanine nucleotide-binding protein** 鸟苷酸结合蛋白guanyly l cyclase, GC** 鸟苷酸环化酶guanylyl cyclase receptor** 鸟苷酸环化酶受体Hheavy chain 重链heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein 三聚体 G 蛋白homeodomain 同源结构域hyperpolarization** 超极化Iinactivation** 失活incomplete tetanus 不完全强直收缩initial length** 初长度inositol triphosphate, IP 3 ** 三磷酸肌醇integral protein* 整合蛋白intensity of stimulus 刺激强度intercalated cell 闰细胞intermediate filament 中间丝inward current** 内向电流ion channel** 离子通道ion-channel receptor** 离子通道型受体ion pump** 离子泵ionic selectivity* 离子选择性iontropic receptor** 促离子型受体IP 3 receptor, IP 3 R** IP 3 受体isometric contraction** 等长收缩isotonic contraction** 等张收缩Jjunctional cleft* 接头间隙junctional SR, JSR* 连接肌质网KK + equilibriam potential, E K ** K + 平衡电位K + leak channel** 钾漏通道Lligand* 配体ligand-gated ion channel* 配体门控通道light band 明带light chain 轻链lipid* 脂质lipid bilayer* 脂质双层load 负荷local current** 局部电流local potential** 局部电位longitudinal SR, LSR* 纵行肌质网longitudinal tubule 纵管low-density lipoprotein, LDL* 低密度脂蛋白L-type Ca 2+ channel* L 型钙通道Mmacroscopial current* 宏膜电流mechanically-gated ion channel** 机械门控通道membrane capacitance, C m * 膜电容membrane conductance** 膜电导membrane potential** 膜电位membrane protein-mediated transport膜蛋白介导的跨膜转运membrane resistance* 膜电阻metabotropic receptor** 促代谢型受体Michealis constant, K m * 米氏常数miniature endplate potential, MEPP** 微终板电位mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶M line M 线molecular switch* 分子开关motor unit** 运动单位muscle tonus** 肌紧张multi-unit smooth muscle* 多单位平滑肌myofibril 肌原纤维myofilament sliding theory** 肌丝滑行理论myosin* 肌球蛋白 ; 肌凝蛋白myosin light chain, MLC* 肌球蛋白轻链myosin light chain kinase, MLCK*肌球蛋白轻链激酶myosin light chain phosphatase , MLCP*肌球蛋白轻链磷酸酶NN 2 -A C h receptor cation channel**N 2 型 ACh 受体阳离子通道**Na + -Ca 2+ exchanger Na + -Ca 2+ 交换体Na + equilibrium potential, E Na ** Na + 平衡电位Na + -glucose symporter Na + - 葡萄糖同向转运体Na + -H + exchanger Na + -H + 交换体Na + , K + -ATPase* Na + , K + -ATP 酶Na + , K + , Cl - cotransporter Na+,K+,Cl - 同向转运体negative after-potential* 负后电位nerve impulse 神经冲动neuromuscular junction* 神经 - 肌接头nitric oxide, NO** 一氧化氮NO synthase, NOS** 一氧化氮合酶non-synaptic chemical transmission* 非突触性化学传递nonselective cation channel 非选择性阳离子通道Ooligosaccharide 寡糖open probability 开放概率optimal initial length** 最适初长度outward current** 外向电流overshoot** 超射Ppacemaker** 起步点passive electrical property 被动电学特性passive transport** 被动转运patch clamp** 膜片钳performance of contraction** 收缩效能peripheral protein* 表面蛋白permeability* 通透性phagocytosis* 吞噬pharmacomechanical coupling* 药物 - 机械耦联phosphatase 磷酸酶phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, PI2 *二磷酸磷脂酰肌醇phosphodiesterase , PDE** 磷酸二酯酶phospholipase A 2 , PLA 2 * 磷脂酶 A 2 phospholipase C, PLC** 磷脂酶 Cphospholipid* 磷脂phosphorylation 磷酸化physical diffusion 物理扩散pinocytosis* 吞饮plasma membrane* 质膜polarization** 极化polysaccharide 多糖positive feedback 正反馈postsynaptic potential 突触后电位potassium channel 钾通道positive after-potential* 正后电位prejunctional membrane* 接头前膜preload** 前负荷primary active transport** 原发性主动转运protein* 蛋白质propagation 传播protein kinase 蛋白激酶protein kinase A, PKA 蛋白激酶 Aprotein kinase C , PKC 蛋白激酶 Cprotein kinase G, PKG 蛋白激酶 Gproton pump 质子泵Qquantal 量子quantal release** 量子式释放Rrate of change of intensity to time 强度对时间的变化率receptor 受体receptor-mediated endocytosis** 受体介导入receptor potential 感受器电位receptor tyrosine kinase 受体酪氨酸激酶recovery from inactivation** 复活relative refractory period** 相对不应期repolarization** 复极化resting potential** 静息电位retched action* 棘齿作用ryanodine receptor, RYR** ryanodine 受体Ssaltatory conduction** 跳跃式传导sarcomere* 肌节sarcoplasmic reticulum, SR* 肌质网sarcotubular system 肌管系统saturation* 饱和现象second messenger** 第二信使secondary active transport** 继发性主动转运selectivity filter 选择性滤器shortening 缩短signaling transduction** 信号转导simple diffusion** 单纯扩散single channel conductance 单通道电导single channel current* 单通道电流single-unit smooth muscle* 单个单位平滑肌size principle** 大小原则skeletal muscle* 骨骼肌slow wave 慢波smooth muscle* 平滑肌sodium channel 钠通道sodium-potassium pump** 钠 - 钾泵sodium pump* 钠泵spatial summation** 空间总和spike potential** 锋电位stimulation** 刺激striated muscle* 横纹肌subnormal period** 低常期subthreshould stimulus 阈下刺激summation** 总和supranormal period** 超常期suprathreshold stimulus 阈上刺激symport** 同向转运symporter* 同向转运体synaptic vesicle 突触囊泡 ; 突触小泡Ttemporal summation** 时间总和tension 张力terminal cistern* 终池tetanus** 强直收缩tetraethylammonium, TEA 四乙铵tetrodotoxin, TTX 河豚毒thick filament 粗肌丝thin filament 细肌丝three-legged protein 三脚蛋白threshold** 阈值threshold intensity** 阈强度threshold potential** 阈电位threshold stimulus** 阈刺激time-dependence* 时间依赖性transmembrane current 跨膜电流transmembrane diffusion* 跨膜扩散transmembrane a helice 跨膜 a 螺旋transmembrane potential** 跨膜电位7-transmembrane receptor 7 次跨膜受体transmitter-gated ion channel* 递质门控通道transporter** 转运体transverse tubule 横管triad 三联管tropomyosin* 原肌球蛋白 ; 原肌凝蛋白troponin* 肌钙蛋白troponin C, TnC* 肌钙蛋白 C troponin I, TnI* 肌钙蛋白 I troponinT, TnT* 肌钙蛋白 TT tubule* T 管tubocurarine 筒箭毒twitch** 单收缩tyrosine-kinase-associated receptor*酪氨酸激酶结合型受体tyrosine kinase receptor, TKR** 酪氨酸激酶受体Uuniport** 单(物质)转运uniporter* 单(物质)转运体Vvaricosity* 曲张体visceral smooth muscle* 内脏平滑肌voltage clamp* 电压钳voltage-dependence* 电压依赖性voltage-gated ion channel** 电压门控通道Wwater channel 水通道wave front** 波前ZZ disk Z 盘Z line Z 线第3章英文专业词汇(英汉对照)Aagglutination ** 红细胞凝集agglutinin ** 凝集素agglutinogen ** 凝集原Albumin 白蛋白antihemophilic factor 抗血友病因子a 2 - antiplasmin a 2 - 抗纤溶酶antithrombin ** 抗凝血酶a 1 antitrypsin a 1 抗胰蛋白酶aplastic anemia 再生障碍性贫血Bbasophil * 嗜碱性粒细胞basophilic normoblast 早幼红细胞bleeding time * 出血时间blood* 血液blood cells * 血细胞blood coagulation ** 血液凝固blood component therapy ** 成分输血blood group ** 血型blood volume ** 血量bone marrow 骨髓bone marrow transplantation , BMT 骨髓移植burst forming unit-erythroid, BFU-E*爆式红系集落形成单位burst promoting activity, BPA * 爆式促进活性Cchemokine * 趋化因子chemotaxis * 趋化性C 1 inhibitor C 1 抑制物clotting time, CT * 凝血时间coagulation factor; clotting factor ** 凝血因子collagen 胶原colloid osmotic pressure ** 胶体渗透压colony forming unit, CFU * 集落形成单位colony forming unit-erythroid, CFU-E* 红系集落形成单位colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage, CFU-GM粒 - 单核系祖细胞colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte, CFU-MK 巨核系祖细胞colony stimulating factor, CSF * 集落刺激因子committed progenitors * 定向祖细胞contact factor 接触因子 ; Hageman 因子cross-match test ** 交叉配血试验cycloxygenase 环加氧酶crystal osmotic pressure ** 晶体渗透压Ddemarcation membrane system, DMS * 分界膜系统dendritic cell 树突状细胞diapedesis 白细胞渗出Eeosinophil * 嗜酸性粒细胞eosinophile chemotactic factor A 嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子 Aerythrocyte; red blood cell, RBC * 红细胞erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR ** 红细胞沉降率erythropoietin, EPO* * 促红细胞生成素extramedullary hemopoiesis 骨髓外造血extrinsic pathway ** 外源性凝血途径FFerri 铁fibrin ** 纤维蛋白fibrin-stabilizing factor , FSF 纤维蛋白稳定因子fibrinogen * 纤维蛋白原fibrinolysis ** 纤维蛋白溶解 ; 纤溶folic acid 叶酸forward typing 正向定型GGlobulin 球蛋白glycoprotein, GP 糖蛋白granulocyte 粒细胞granulocyte- colony stimulating factor, G-CSF 粒细胞集落刺激因子granulocyte-macrophage- colony stimulating factor,GM-CSF粒 - 巨噬细胞集落刺激因子Hhematocrit ** 血细胞比容hemoglobin, Hb * 血红蛋白hemopoiesis * 造血hemopoietic microenvironment ** 造血微环境hemopoietic stem cells * 造血干细胞hemostasis ** 止血heparin ** 肝素heparin cofactor Ⅱ肝素辅因子Ⅱhereditary spherocytosis 遗传性球形红细胞增多症high molecular weight kininogen, HMWK高分子量激肽原histamine 组胺human leukocyte antigen, HLA ** 人类白细胞抗原5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT 5 - 羟色胺hypoxia 缺氧hypoxia-inducible factors-1, HIF-1 * 低氧诱导因子 - 1 Iinterferon- a , INF- a 干扰素 - ainterleukin, IL 白细胞介素 ; 白介素intrinsic factor ** 内因子intrinsic pathway ** 内源性凝血途径iso-osmotic solution * 等渗溶液isotonic solution * 等张溶液Lleukocyte; white blood cell, WBC * 白细胞leukotrienes, LT 白(细胞)三稀lymphocyte * 淋巴细胞Ma 2 - macroglobulin a 2 - 巨球蛋白macrophage* 巨噬细胞macrophage- colony stimulating factor, M-CSF巨噬细胞集落刺激因子major basic protein , MBP 主要碱性蛋白megakaryocyte * 巨核细胞monocyte * 单核细胞Nnatural killer, NK* 自然杀伤细胞neutrophil * 中性粒细胞Newtonian fluid 牛顿液体Oorthochromatic normoblast 晚幼红细胞osmotic fragility ** 红细胞渗透脆性 ; 脆性osmotic pressure ** 渗透压Pperoxydase 过氧化物酶phagocytosis * 吞噬phosphatidylserine, PS 磷脂酰丝氨酸phospholipase A 2 , PLA 2 磷脂酶 A 2plasma * 血浆plasma proteins * 血浆蛋白plasma thromboplastin 血浆凝血活酶plasma thromboplastin antecedent 血浆凝血活酶前质plasmin ** 纤溶酶 ; 血浆素plasminogen ** 纤维蛋白溶解酶原 ; 纤溶酶原 ; 血浆素原plasminogen activator * 纤溶酶原激活物plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1, PAI-1 *纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 - 1 plastic deformation ** 可塑变形性platelet; thrombocyte * 血小板platelet adhesion ** 血小板黏附platelet aggregation ** 血小板聚集platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF 血小板源生长因子platelet factor 4, PF 4 血小板因子 4platelet factor V, PF 5 血小板因子 Vplatelet release ** 血小板释放platelet secretion ** 血小板分泌polychromatic normoblast 中幼红细胞polymorphonuclear leukocyte * 多形核白细胞precursors * 前体细胞prekalikrein 前激肽释放酶proaccelerin 前加速素易变因子proconvertin 前转变素稳定因子prostacyclin, PGI 2 * 前列环素protein C, PC ** 蛋白质 Cprothrombin 凝血酶原prothrombinase complex ** 凝血酶原酶复合物Rreticulocyte 网织红细胞reverse typing 反向定型rouleaux formation ** 红细胞叠连Sself renewal 自我复制serum ** 血清slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis, SAS-A过敏性慢反应物质survival factor 存活因子suspension stability ** 悬浮稳定性Tthrombin ** 凝血酶b -t hromboglobulin b - 血小板球蛋白thrombomodulin, TM ** 凝血酶调节蛋白thrombopoietin, TPO * 血小板生成素thrombospondin 凝血酶敏感蛋白thromboxane A 2 , TXA 2 ** 血栓烷 A 2tenase complex * 因子Ⅹ酶复合物tissue factor, TF * 组织因子tissue factor pathway 组织因子途径tissue factor pathway inhibitor, TFPI **组织因子途径抑制物tissue plasminogen activator, t-PA **组织型纤溶酶原激活物transferrin * 转铁蛋白tumor necrosis factor a , TNF a 肿瘤坏死因子 aUuniversal donor 万能供血者universal recipient 万能受血者Vvascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF血管内皮生长因子viscosity ** 粘度vitamin B 12 维生素 B 12vit amin K 维生素 K第4章英文专业词汇(英汉对照)Aabsolute refractory period, ARP ** 绝对不应期action potential duration ** 动作电位时程adrenomedulin, ADM * 肾上腺髓质素angiotensin Ⅱ , Ang Ⅱ ** 血管紧张素Ⅱangiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE **血管紧张素转换酶angiotensinogen 血管紧张素原antidiuretic hormone,ADH ** 抗利尿激素aortic nerve 主动脉神经arterial baroreceptor ** 动脉压力感受器arterial blood pressure 动脉血压arterial pulse 动脉脉搏arteriole 微动脉arteriovenous shunt * 短路血管atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP ** 心房钠尿肽atrioventricular delay ** 房 - 室延搁autorhythmic cell * 自律细胞autorhythmicity ** 自动节律性 ; 自律性axial flow 轴流axon reflex * 轴突反射Bbaroreceptor reflex ** 压力感受性反射blood flow ** 血流量blood pressure ** 血压blood-brain barrier ** 血 - 脑屏障blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier ** 血 - 脑脊液屏障blood viscosity * 血液粘滞度blood pressure in the capillary 毛细血管血压bradykinin ** 缓激肽brain ischemic response * 脑缺血反应brain natriuretic peptide, BNP * 脑钠尿肽buffer nerve ** 缓冲神经Ccapacitance vessel * 容量血管capillary filtration coefficient * 滤过系数capture * 抢先占领cardiac cycle ** 心动周期cardiac efficiency * 心脏的效率cardiac index ** 心指数cardiac output ** 心输出量cardiac reserve ** 心泵功能储备 ; 心力储备cardiac sympathetic tone * 心交感紧张cardiac vagal tone * 心迷走紧张cardiac working cell * 工作细胞cardiopulmonary receptor ** 心肺感受器cardiovascular center * 心血管中枢cardiovascular reflex * 心血管反射cardiovascular system 心血管系统carotid sinus nerve 颈动脉窦神经caudal ventrolateral medulla, CVLM 延髓尾端腹外侧部central venous pressure ** 中心静脉压cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液chemoreceptor ** 化学感受器chemoreceptor reflex ** 化学感受性反射colloid osmotic pressure of plasma 血浆胶体渗透压colloid osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid组织液胶体渗透压compensatory pause ** 代偿性间歇conductivity ** 传导性coronary circulation ** 冠脉循环C-type natriuretic peptide, CNP* C 型钠尿肽Ddelayed rectifier K + current * 延迟整流钾流depressor reflex ** 减压反射diastole ** 舒张期diastolic pressure ** 舒张压distribution vessel * 分配血管Eectopic pacemaker * 异位起搏点edema 水肿effective filtration pressure, EFP ** 有效滤过压effective refractory period, ERP ** 有效不应期ejection fraction ** 射血分数electrocardiogram, ECG ** 心电图end-diastolic pressure * (心室)舒张末期压力end-diastolic volume * (心室)舒张末期容积b -endorphin* b - 内啡肽endothelin, ET * 内皮素endothelium-derived relaxing factor, EDRF *内皮舒张因子endothelium-derived vasoconstrictorfactor, EDCF *内皮缩血管因子end-systolic volume 收缩末期容积epinephrine ** 肾上腺素exchange vessel * 交换血管Ffast channel * 快通道fast response action potential * 快反应动作电位fast response cell 快反应细胞filtration ** 滤过Hheart rate ** 心率heart sound ** 心音hemodynamics * 血流动力学heterometric regulation ** 异长调节high pressure receptor * 高压力感受器histamine * 组胺homometric regulation ** 等长调节hydrostatic pressure 静水压hydrostatic pressure in interstitial fluid组织液静水压Iinotropic state * 变力状态integration pattern 整合型式interstitial fluid 组织液inward rectification * 内向整流inward rectifier K + channel * 内向整流钾通道Kkallidin * 血管舒张素kallikrein* 激肽释放酶kinin * 激肽kininogen 激肽原Llaminar flow 层流latent pacemaker * 潜在起搏点local response period * 局部反应期long lasting calcium current * L 型钙电流long-term regulation 长期调节low pressure receptor * 低压力感受器lymph 淋巴lymphatic system 淋巴管系统Mmaximal repolarization potential * 最大复极电位mean arterial pressure * 平均动脉压mean circulatory filling pressure ** 循环系统平均充盈压metarteriole 后微动脉minute volume * 每分输出量minute work * 每分功 ; 分功membrane responsiveness curve ** 膜反应曲线microcirculation ** 微循环momentum 动量myocardial contractility ** 心肌收缩能力myogenic activity * 肌源性活动NNa + background current * 钠背景电流natriuretic peptide, NP * 钠尿肽negative chronotropic action * 负性变时作用negative dromotropic action * 负性变传导作用negative inotropic action * 负性变力作用Newtonian fluid 牛顿液nitric oxide, NO * 一氧化氮non-Newtonian fluid 非牛顿液norepinephrine ** 去甲肾上腺素normal pacemaker ** 正常起搏点nucleus of the tractus solitarius , NTS 孤束核Oopioid peptide * 阿片肽overdrive suppression * 超速驱动压抑Ppacemaker current * 起搏电流parasympathetic vasodilator nerve fiber副交感舒血管神经纤维period of atrial systole * 心房收缩期period of isovolumic contraction ** 等容收缩期period of isovolumic relaxation ** 等容舒张期period of rapid ejection ** 快速射血期period of rapid filling ** 快速充盈期period of slow ejection * 减慢射血期period of slow filling * 减慢充盈期period of ventricular ejection ** 射血期peripheral resistance ** 外周阻力peripheral venous pressure * 外周静脉压phase 4 spontaneous depolarization * 4 期自动去极化phonocardiogram * 心音图plateau ** 平台期Poiseuille's law 泊肃叶定律positive chronotropic action ** 正性变时作用positive dromotropic action ** 正性变传导作用positive inotropic action ** 正性变力作用postcapillary resistance vessel ** 毛细血管后阻力血管precapillary resistance vessel **毛细血管前阻力血管precapillary sphincter 毛细血管前括约肌preferential pathway * 优势传导通路premature excitation * 期前兴奋premature systole ** 期前收缩pressure dieresis 压力性利尿prostacyclin * 前列环素prostaglandin, PG * 前列腺素prostaglandin I 2 , PGI 2 * 前列腺素 I 2 (即前列环素)pulmonary circulation * 肺循环pulse pressure ** 脉搏压 ; 脉压pump current * 泵电流Rreabsorption ** 重吸收relative refractory period, RRP ** 相对不应期renal-body fluid system 肾 - 体液控制系统rennin ** 肾素renin-angiotensin-system, RAS **肾素 - 血管紧张素系统resetting * 重调定resistance of blood flow ** 血流阻力rostral ventrolateral medulla, RVLM * 延髓头端腹外侧部Sshear rate * (血流)切率shear stress 切应力short-term regulation 短期调节sinus rhythm ** 窦性节律slow channel * 慢通道slow response action potential * 慢反应动作电位slow response cell 慢反应细胞specialized conduction system (心内)特殊传导系统staircase phenomenon; treppe 阶梯现象Starling law of the heart ** 心的定律stroke volume ** 每搏输出量 ; 搏出量stroke work ** 每搏功 ; 搏功supranormal period, SNP ** 超常期sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve fiber *交感缩血管神经纤维sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone * 交感缩血管紧张sympathetic vasodilaor nerve fiber 交感舒血管神经纤维systole ** 收缩期systolic pressure ** 收缩压Ttetrodotoxin, TTX 河豚毒thoroughfare channel ** 直捷通路tonus ** 紧张transient outward current * 一过性外向电流transmural pressure * 跨壁压turbulent flow 湍流true capillary 真毛细血管Vvascular system 血管系统vasoconstrictor nerve fiber ** 缩血管神经纤维vasodilator never fiber * 舒血管神经纤维vasomotion * 血管舒缩活动vasomotor nerve fiber 血管运动神经纤维vasopressin, VP ** 血管升压素velocity of blood flow ** 血流速度ventricular compliance * 心室顺应性ventricular function curve ** 心室功能曲线volume conductor 容积导体volume receptor ** 容量感受器WWindkessel vessel ** 弹性储器血管第5章英文专业词汇(英汉对照)Aabdominal breathing** 腹式呼吸abdominal muscle 腹肌airway 气道airway resistance** 气道阻力alveolar dead space** 肺泡无效腔alveolar ventilation** 肺泡通气 ; 肺泡通气量alveolus (复 alveoli )肺泡anatomical dead space** 解剖无效腔aortic body 主动脉体apnea 呼吸暂停 ; 窒息apneusis 长吸式呼吸area of respiratory membrane 呼吸膜面积arterial blood 动脉血液artificial respiration 人工呼吸Bbaroreceptor 压力感受器bicarbonate ion 碳酸氢根离子Biot breathing 比奥呼吸body position 体位Bohr effect* 波尔效应breathing 呼吸的bronchial 支气管的bronchiole; bronchiolus 细支气管bronchus (复 bronchi )支气管Ccarbaminohemoglobin* 氨基甲酰血红蛋白carbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbon dioxide dissociation curve* CO2解离曲线carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbonic anhydrase* 碳酸酐酶carotid body* 颈动脉体central chemoreceptor ** 中枢化学感受器chemoreceptive reflex** 化学感受性反射chemoreceptor** 化学感受器Cheyne-Stokes breathing 陈 - 施呼吸chloride shift Cl - 转移compliance* 顺应性compliance of chest wall 胸廓的顺应性compliance of lung 肺的顺应性cough reflex * 咳嗽反射cross-sectional area 横截面积cyanosis 紫绀Ddead space* 无效腔deep breathing 深呼吸defensive reflex 防御反射diaphragm 膈肌diffusion 扩散diffusing capacity of lung* 肺扩散容量diffusion coefficient 扩散系数diffusion rate 扩散速率dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline*二棕榈酰卵磷脂2,3-diphosphoglycerate 2,3 - 二磷酸甘油酸distensibility 可扩张性dorsal respiratory group 背侧呼吸组driving force 驱动力dyspnea* 呼吸困难Eelastic resistance* 弹性阻力emphysema; pneumonectasis 肺气肿eupnea** 平静呼吸exhalation 呼出 ; 呼出物 ; 呼气exhale 呼出 ; 呼气expiration** 呼气expiratory movement 呼气运动expiratory muscle 呼气肌expiratory neuron 呼气神经元expiratory reserve volume** 补呼气量expiratory-inspiratory phase spanning neuron呼气 - 吸气跨时相神经元expired air 呼出气external environment 外环境external intercostals muscle 肋间外肌external respiration 外呼吸Ffibrosis 纤维化forced breathing* 用力呼吸forced expiratory volume** 用力呼气量forced vital capacity* 用力肺活量functional residual capacity**功能余气量 ; 功能残气量Ggas diffusion* 气体扩散gas exchange* 气体交换gas exchange in lungs* 肺换气gas exchange in tissues* 组织换气gas partial pressure* 气体分压gasping 喘息样呼吸gasping center 喘息中枢HHaldane effect* 何尔登效应hemoglobin 血红蛋白Herin g-Breuer reflex* 黑 - 伯反射hydrogen ion concentration 氢离子浓度hypercapnia 高碳酸血hyperventilation 通气过度hypocapnia 低碳酸血hypoventilation 通气不足hypoxemia 低氧血hypoxia 缺氧 ; 低氧hysteresis 滞后现象Iinelastic resistance* 非弹性阻力inertial resistance* 惯性阻力inhalation 吸入(法) ; 吸入剂inhale 吸入 ; 吸气inspiration** 吸气inspiratory capacity** 深吸气量inspiratory movement 吸气运动inspiratory muscle 吸气肌inspiratory neuron 吸气神经元inspiratory reserve volume ** 补吸气量inspiratory-expiratory phase spanning neuron 吸气 -呼气跨时相神经元inspired air 吸入气interface between liquid and gas 液 - 气界面internal intercostals muscle 肋间内肌internal respiration* 内呼吸intrapleural pressure** 胸膜腔内压intrapulmonary pressure** 肺内压Jjuxtacapillary receptor 毛细血管旁感受器Llung 肺Mmaximal voluntary ventilation* 最大随意通气量maximum expiratory flow volume , MEFV *最大呼气流速 - 容积medulla 延髓metabolic acidosis 代谢性酸中毒metabolic alkalosis 代谢性碱中毒minute ventilation ( volume ) **每分钟肺通气量Nneonatal respiratory distress syndrome新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征Oobstructive hypoventilation 阻塞性通气不足oxidation 氧化oxygen 氧oxygen capacity of blood* 血液氧容量oxygen capacity of Hb** Hb 氧容量oxygen content of blood* 血液氧含量oxygen content of Hb** Hb 氧含量oxygen dissociation curve** 氧解离曲线oxygen saturation of blood* 血液氧饱和度oxygen saturation of Hb** Hb 氧饱和度oxygenation 氧合oxyhemoglobin * 氧合血红蛋白Ppartial pressure 分压partial pressure of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳分压partial pressure of oxygen 氧分压p eripheral chemoreceptor * 外周化学感受器phrenic nerve 膈神经physiological dead space* 生理无效腔pleural cavity 胸膜腔pneumotaxic center* 呼吸调整中枢pneumothorax* 气胸pons 脑桥pontine respiratory group 脑桥呼吸组pre-B tzinger complex 前包钦格复合体pulmonary capacity* 肺容量pulmonary capillary 肺毛细血管pulmonary deflation reflex 肺萎陷反射pulmonary inflation reflex 肺扩张反射pulmonary stretch reflex ** 肺牵张反射pulmonary surfactant** 肺表面活性物质pulmonary ventilation** 肺通气 ; 肺通气量pulmonary volume* 肺容积Rresidual volume** 余气量 ; 残气量respiration; breath; breathe** 呼吸respiratory acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒respiratory alkalosis 呼吸性碱中毒respiratory bronchiole; alveolar bronchiole 呼吸性细支气管respiratory center* 呼吸中枢respiratory membrane* 呼吸膜respiratory movement* 呼吸运动respiratory muscle 呼吸肌respiratory neuron 呼吸神经元respiratory rhythm; breathing rhythm* 呼吸节律respiratory tract 呼吸道respiratory-related neuron 呼吸相关神经元restrictive hypoventilation 限制性通气不足Ssneeze reflex* 喷嚏反射specific compliance** 比顺应性static compliance* 静态顺应性surface tension 表面张力surfactant** 表面活性物质surfactant-associated protein 表面活性物质结合蛋白Ttension 张力terminal bronchiole 终末细支气管thickness of respiratory membrane 呼吸膜厚度thoracic breathing* 胸式呼吸thorax 胸 ; 胸廓tidal volume** 潮气量timed vital capacity* 时间肺活量total lung capacity** 肺总量transmural pressure* 跨壁压transport of gas* 气体运输transpulmonary pressure* 跨肺压Vvenous blood 静脉血液ventilation volume* 肺通气量ventilation/perfusion ratio** 通气 / 血流比值ventral respiratory group 腹侧呼吸组viscous resistance* 粘滞阻力vital capacity** 肺活量Wwork of breathing* 呼吸功第6章英文专业词汇(英汉对照)Aabsorption * * 吸收acetylcholine, ACh** 乙酰胆碱adaptive cytoprotection 适应性细胞保护作用adenosine* 腺苷amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation* APUD 细胞apoferritin 脱铁铁蛋白atropine 阿托品A uerbach plexus * 欧氏神经丛Bbasic electrical rhythm, BER * * 基本电节律basic secretion* 基础分泌bile ** 胆汁bile pigments 胆色素bile salt ** 胆盐bombesin ** 蛙皮素bradykinin 缓激肽brain-gut peptide* 脑 - 肠肽Brunner gland 十二指肠腺bulbogastrone * 球抑胃素Ccalcium-binding protein, CaBP 钙结合蛋白CCK-releasing peptide, CCK-RP C CK 释放肽cephalic phase* 头期chemical digestion* 化学性消化cholecystokinin, CCK * * 缩胆囊素cholesterol 胆固醇chylomicron * 乳糜微粒chime 食糜chymotrypsin ** 糜蛋白酶chymotrypsinogen * 糜蛋白酶原cimetidine 西咪替丁colipase * 辅脂酶countercurrent exchange mechanism 逆流交换机制cytoprotection* 细胞保护Ddefecation reflex * * 排便反射deglutition 吞咽digestion * * 消化direct cytoprotection 直接细胞保护作用Eelectrogenic sodium pump 生电性钠泵endocrine 内分泌enkephalin 脑啡肽enteric nervous system * 肠神经系统enterochromaffin-like cell, ECL cell 肠嗜铬样细胞entero-gastric reflex * * 肠 - 胃反射enterogastrone ** 肠抑胃素enterohepatic circulation of bile salt **胆盐的肠 - 肝循环enterokinase * * 肠激酶 ; 肠致活酶entero-oxyntin * 肠泌酸素epidermal growth factor, EGF 表皮生长因子extrinsic nervous system * 外来神经系统Ffast wave 快波ferritin 铁蛋白Ggap junction 缝隙连接gastric acid 胃酸gastric emptying * * 胃的排空gastric inhibitory polypeptide, GIP * * 抑胃肽gastric juice** 胃液gastric mucosal barrier* 胃黏膜屏障gastric phase* 胃期gastrin * * 胃泌素gastrin-releasing peptide, GRP ** 胃泌素释放肽gastrointestinal hormone * * 胃肠激素gastrointestinal peptides 胃肠肽glucagons 胰高血糖素gut brain 肠脑Hhelichobacter pylori, Hp 幽门螺杆菌histamine ** 组胺hydrochloric acid, HCl ** 盐酸Iinterstitial Cajal cell, ICC* Cajal 间质细胞intestinal juice; succus entericus 小肠液intestinal phase* 肠期intrinsic factor* 内因子intrinsic nervous system * 内在神经系统LLieberkuhn crypt 小肠腺lower esophageal sphincter, LES* 食管下括约肌Mmass peristalsis* 集团蠕动mastication 咀嚼mechanical digestion* 机械性消化meisser plexus * 麦氏神经丛micelle * 微胶粒microvillus 微绒毛migrating motor complex, MMC* 移行性复合运动mixed micelle * 混合微胶粒mucus * 黏液。

生理学名词中英文对照

生理学名词中英文对照

生理学名词中英文对照第一章绪论1. internal environment机体的内环境() 细胞生活的液体环境即细胞外液2. homeostasis稳态()内环境的化学成分及理化性质保持相对稳定的状态称为内环境稳态。

现也指机体所有保持相对稳定的生理过程3. reflex反射()中枢神经系统参与下,机体对内外环境变化做出的适应性反应4. reflex arc反射弧() 完成反射所必需的结构。

包括感受器、传入神经、神经中枢、传出神经、效应器等五个环节5. paracrine regulation旁分泌调节()激素等化学物质通过组织液扩散,影响邻近细胞活动的调节方式,又称为局部性体液调节6. autoregulation自身调节()内、外环境变化时,细胞、组织不依赖于神经、体液调节而产生的适应性反应7. negative feedback负反馈()在自动控制系统中,反馈调节使受控部分的活动向和它原先活动相反的方向改变。

8. positive feedback正反馈()在自动控制系统中,反馈调节使受控部分的活动向和它原先活动相同的方向改变。

9. feed-forward前馈() 指干扰信号对控制部分的直接作用,它能使输出变量在出现偏差而引起反馈调节之前就能得到纠正。

第二章细胞的基本功能10. passive transport被动转运()物质依靠电化学驱动力或渗透梯度进行不需要消耗生物能的跨膜转运过程。

11. simple diffusion单纯扩散()没有生物学转运机制参与的简单的物理扩散。

12. facilitated diffusion via carrier经载体易化扩散()水溶性小分子物质依靠膜上载体蛋白的介导,顺浓度梯度或电位梯度的跨膜转运成为经载体易化扩散13. facilitated diffusion via ion channel经通道易化扩散()离子或水依靠膜上通道蛋白的介导,顺电化学驱动力或依靠渗透压差的跨膜转运成为经通道易化扩散15. (ion channel)离子通道:一类贯穿脂质双分子层的、中央带有亲水性孔道的并能选择性地允许离子通过的膜蛋白14. (voltage gated ion channel)电压门控通道:膜电位控制开闭的通道16. chemically gated ion channel化学门控通道():化学物质(激素、递质等)控制开闭的通道。

生理学词汇中英对照

生理学词汇中英对照

生理学词汇中英对照生理学是生物科学的一个分支,是以生物机体的生命活动现象和机体各个组成部分的功能为研究对象的一门学科。

接下来为大家整理了生理学词汇中英对照,希望对你有帮助哦!fibrinolysis 纤溶blood 血,血液blood cell 血细胞blood clot 血凝块blood coagulation 血液凝固blood flow 血流量blood group 血型blood pressure 血压blood transfusion 输血body surface area 体表面积body temperature 体温Bohr effect 玻尔效应bradykinin 缓激肽physiology 生理学absolute refractory period 绝对不应期absorption 吸收,吸收作用action potential 动作电位activation 激活,活化active reabsorption 主动重吸收active transport 主动运输,主动转运acute experiment 急性实验adaptation 适应adequate stimulus 适宜刺激adrenergic 肾上腺能的adrenergic receptor 肾上腺素受体afterload 后负荷afterpotential 后电位agglutination of erythrocyte 红细胞凝集agglutinin 凝集素agglutinogen 凝集原airway resistance 气道阻力albumin 白蛋白,清蛋白aldosterone 醛固酮alveolar capillary membrane 肺泡-毛细血管膜alveolar dead space 肺泡死腔,肺泡无效腔alveolar fluid 肺泡液体anabolism 同化作用,合成代谢anatomical dead space 解剖无效腔或死腔androgen 雄激素angiotensin 血管紧张素anticoagulation 抗凝antidiuresis 抗利尿aortic body 主动脉体apneustic breathing 长吸式呼吸arch of aorta 主动脉弓arterial pressure 动脉血压arterial pulse 动脉脉?arteriole 微动脉arteriovenous shunt 动静脉短路artificial respiration 人工呼吸atrial systole 心房收缩atrioventricular bundle 房室束audition 听力auditory threshold 听阈automatic respiratory rhythm 自主呼吸节律automaticity 自律性autonomic nervous system 植物性神经系统,自主神经系autonomic thermoregulation 自主性体温调节autoregulation 自身调节axoplasm 轴浆,轴质baroreceptor reflex 压力感受性反射basal metabolism 基础代谢behavioral thermoregulation 行为性体温调节bidirectional propagation 双向传导bioelectricity 生物电biphasic action potential 双相动作电位bleeding time 出血时间erythropoietin 红细胞生成素,促红素intrapleural pressure 胸膜腔内压,胸内压intraspindle muscle 梭内肌intrinsic pathway 内源性途径iodine pump 碘泵ionic channel 离子通道mass peristalsis 集团蠕动maximal acid output 最大胃酸排出量maximum diastolic potential 最大舒张电位maximum repolarizing potential 最大复极电位mean arterial pressure 平均动脉压mean circulatory filling pressure 循环系统平均充盈压membrane potential 跨膜电位,膜电位metarteriole 后微动脉minute respiratory volume 每分钟通气量motor unit 运动单位myocardial contractility 心肌收缩性negative chronotropic action 负性变时效应negative dromotropic action 负性变传导效应negative inotropic action 负变力效应oxygen capacity 血氧容量oxygen content 血氧含量oxygen dissociation curve 氧离曲线oxygenation 氧合oxyhemoglobin saturation 血氧饱和度pacemaker 起搏器pacemaker current 起搏电流paracrine 旁分泌passive reabsorption 被动重吸收passive transport 被动运输,被动转运patch clamp 膜片钳pepsin 胃蛋白酶peripheral resistance 外周阻力peristalsis 蠕动permeability 磁导率,通透性permissive action 允许作用photosensory cell 感光细胞physiology 生理学pinocytosis 胞饮作用plasma clearance 血浆清除率plasmin 纤溶酶plasminogen 纤溶酶原,纤维蛋白溶酶原plastic deformation of erythrocyte 红细胞可塑性变形plateau 平台期platelet plug 血小板栓子polarization 极化positive chronotropic action 正性变时效应positive dromotropic action 正性变传导效应positive feedback 正反馈positive inotropic action 正性变力效应preload 前负荷premature systole 期前收缩presynaptic inhibition 突触前抑制primary hemostatic response 初级止血反应proprioceptors 本体感受器prothrombin 凝血酶原pulmonary diffusion capacity 肺扩散容量pulmonary exchange 肺换气pulmonary ventilation 肺通气pulse pressure 脉压pupillary reflex 瞳孔反射Purkinje fiber 蒲肯野纤维Purkinje system 蒲肯野系统rapid ejection phase 快速射血相rapid repolarization 快速复极reduced eye 简化眼reflex 反射reflex arc 反射弧refractoriness 不应性refractory period 不应期relative refractory period 相对不应期renal glucose threshold 肾糖阈renin 肾素repolarization 复极resistance 耐药性,阻力respiratory zone 呼吸带resting potential 静息电位resting state 备用状态rheobase 基强度rhesus monkey 恒河猴,猕猴saltatory conduction 跳跃式传导second message 第二信使secondary active transport 继发性主动转运secondary phase of hemostasis 继发性止血反应secretin 促胰液素secretion 分泌segmentation 分节运动sensation 感觉sense organ 感觉器官sensory coding 感觉编码sensory receptor 感觉器shell temperature 体表温度simple diffusion 简单扩散single twitch 单收缩slow ejection phase 减慢射血相slow wave 慢波somatostatin 生长抑素spasm 痉挛specific conduction system 特殊传导系统spike 刺突,锋电位spontaneous depolarization 自动除极stretch receptors 肺牵张感受器stretch reflex 牵张反射stroke work 搏出功subnormal period 低常期supernormal period 超常期surface activation 表面激活surfactant 表面活性物质synaptic delay 突触延搁synergetic effect 协同作用tension 张力first heart soundsecond heart sound 第二心音thermoregulation 体温调节thoracic respiration 胸式呼吸thoroughfare channel 直捷通路或直通血毛细血管threshold 阈threshold intensity 阈强度threshold potential 阈电位threshold stimulus 阈刺激tissue exchange 组织换气tonic activity 紧张性活动tonic contraction 紧张性收缩。

生理学重要名词解释英文版

生理学重要名词解释英文版

Internal environment:内环境refers to the liquid surrounding the cells in the body of multicellular animals, that is extracellular fluid.Homeostasis稳态: refers to a state of relatively constant of physical and chemical properties of internal environment, such as temperature, pH, osmotic pressure and all kinds of liquid ingredients in the body, and so on.positive feedback正反馈: A change in a condition leads to responses from the effectors which a mplifies that changenegative feedback负反馈: A change in a condition leads to responses from the effectors which counteracts that changefacilitated diffusion via carrier经载体易化扩散: Water soluble small molecules and ions under the carrier protein mediated, cross the plasma membrane follow concentration gradientfacilitated diffusion via ion channel经通道易化扩散: All kinds of charged ions under the channel proteins mediated, cross the plasma membrane follow concentration gradient and potential gradientPrimary active transport原发性主动转运:making direct use of energy derived from ATP to transport the ions across the cell membraneSecondary active transport次级主动转运:The ion gradients established by primary active transport permits the transport of other substances against their concentration gradientsresting potential静息电位: A potential difference across the membranes of inactive cells, with the inside of the cell negative relative to the outside of the cellaction potential动作电位: Some of the cells (excitable cells) are capable to rapidly reverse their resting membrane potential from negative resting values to slightly positive values. This transient and rapid change in membrane potential is called an action potential Excitation-contraction coupling兴奋收缩耦联: the mediation process of striated muscle cells generate action potentials and muscle filament contraction and relaxation. Hematocrit血细胞比容: The capacity percentage of the blood cells in the blood erythrocyte sedimentation rate红细胞沉降率: The distance that red blood cells settle in a tube of blood in one hourHemostasis止血: Small damaged blood vessels stop bleeding after a few minutes automaticallyBlood coagulation血凝固: blood change from sol to illiquid gel stateBlood group血型: The type of specific antigen on the surface of blood cellseffective refractory period:premature systole期前收缩: if ventricle is stimulated after ventricular muscle effective refractory period, before The next sinoatrial node excitement arrive, it will produce a contraction in advance.compensatory pause代偿间歇: A longer ventricular diastolic after premature systole. Atrioventricular delay房室延搁: Excitement slowly spread in atrioventricular junction and take longer time.Cardiac cycle心动周期: A cycle of heart contraction and relaxationStroke volume每搏输出量: One side of the ventricular injection volume of blood by a heart throbEjection fraction射血分数: The percentage stroke volume account for ventricularend-diastolic volumeCardiac output心输出量: The blood volume inject by one side of the ventricular per minuteCardiac index心指数: calculate cardiac output by unit surface areasystolic pressure收缩压: The highest blood pressure at mid ventricular systolic .diastolic pressure舒张压: The lowest blood pressure at ventricular end-diastolic.pulse pressure脉压: Systolic blood pressure minus diastolic blood pressurecentral venous pressure中心静脉压: The blood pressure in right atrium and chest cavity vena cavaMicrocirculation: Blood circulation between arteriole and micro veinEffective filtration pressure有效滤过压:the pressure difference between filtration and reabsorptionRespiration: The process of gas exchange between the body and its environmentvital capacity肺活量: After inhalation complete, the largest gas exhaled from the lungs forced vital capacity用力肺活量: After inhalation complete, exhale the largest gas from the lungs as fast as possibleforced expiratory volume用力呼气量: After inhalation complete, the gas exhaled from the lungs in a certain timeAlveolar Ventilation肺泡通气量: amount of inhaled the fresh air in the alveoli per minute. Pulmonary stretch reflex牵张反射: The reflection of inspiratory inhibit or inhale excited caused by pulmonary inflation and pulmonary deflation.Digestion消化: break down of food into small molecular components small enough to absorb.Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.Absorption吸收: the small molecules that formed by digestion across the digestion tract mucosa go into blood and lymph.Small wave小波: the spontaneous rhythmic, subthreshold depolarization of the cell membrane of the gastrointestinal tract that characterizes the underlying electrical activity of the bowel.胃液主要成分1.HCl,parietal cell ,acid sterilization. Activation of pepsinogen, promotion of secretin secretion. Assisted effect of Fe and Ca absorption.2.Pepsinogen胃蛋白酶, chief cell, active in stomach, initially by H ions and then by active pepsin, autocatalytic activation. Pepsin an endopeptidase, which attacks peptide bonds in the interior of large protein molecules.3.Mucus粘液, neck cell and goblet cell, lubrication of the mucosal surface. Protection of the tissue from mechanical damage by food particle.4.intrinsic factor内因子, parietal cell. The intrinsic factor binds to vit B12 and facilitated its absorption.Stimulate gastric secretion刺激胃液分泌ACH gastrin histamine/ somatostatin Digestion phase gastric secretion消化期胃液分泌Cephalic gastric intestinal phase Regulation inhibitory gastric juice secretion胃液分泌抑制性调节1.HCl:inhibite G cell release gastrin;stimulate D cell release somatostatin;in the gastric antrum,inhibition of G cells,release of SST;in the duodenum ,release of secretin,bulbogastrone.2,fat:initiating release of enterogastrone.3,hepertonic solution:entero-gastric reflex.Receptive relaxation 容受性舒张:stimulation of receptor reflex muscle relax in the f undus and stomach body when chew and swallow.Pancreatic juice composition effect胰液成分作用:pancreatic amylase,pancreatic lip ase, trypsin,chymotrypsin,HCO3 bicarbonate balance the HCl in duodenum. Protect i ntestinal mucosa TPS and chymolase, pancreatic lipase, pancreatic amylase.Enteroh epatic circulation of bile salt.Bile salts were emptied into the small intestine with hepatic bile, about 95% is absorbed into the blood in the terminal ileum, and then synthesizing bile again after the hepatic vein to the liver, then empty into intestine.Physiological functions of bile胆汁生理作用1.Emulsifying or detergent function of bile salts.2.Help in the absorption of: fatly acid, lmonoglycerides, cholesterol, other lipids Peristalsis蠕动: the rhythmic waves of muscular relaxation and contraction are called peristalsis.Receptive relaxation 容受性舒张: stimulation of food on pharynx and esophagus produce relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and stomach.Gastric emptying胃排空: the process that the gastric contents are delivered to the duodenum.Thermal equivalent of food热价: calories liberated by 1g food oxidized in body. (kJ/g) Thermal equivalent of oxygen氧热价: heat production by consuming one liter of oxygen to oxidize a specific type of blood. (kJ/L)Respiratory quotient(RQ)呼吸商: in the process of oxidizing food, the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 used。

医学常用生理学术语中英文对照与翻译

医学常用生理学术语中英文对照与翻译

医学常用生理学术语中英文对照与翻译在医学领域中,掌握生理学术语的中英文对照与翻译是非常重要的。

生理学术语的准确理解和正确使用,有助于医学专业人员之间的有效沟通,并提供了对医学文献和研究的正确理解。

本文将为您提供一份医学常用生理学术语的中英文对照与翻译,帮助您更好地掌握这些术语。

1. 细胞(cell)细胞是生物体的基本结构和功能单位。

它们是一系列化学反应的载体,并能根据生物体的需要执行各种生物学功能。

2. 组织(tissue)组织是由一组具有相似功能的细胞组成的。

常见的组织类型包括上皮组织、结缔组织、肌肉组织和神经组织等。

3. 器官(organ)器官是由多种组织结合而成,共同执行特定功能的结构。

常见的器官包括心脏、肺、肝脏等。

4. 系统(system)系统是由多个器官组成的复杂结构,共同执行特定功能。

常见的系统包括呼吸系统、循环系统、消化系统等。

5. 内分泌系统(endocrine system)内分泌系统由一组产生激素的腺体组成,用于调节全身的生理过程。

常见的内分泌腺体包括甲状腺、肾上腺等。

6. 神经系统(nervous system)神经系统由大脑、脊髓和神经组织组成,负责传递神经信号和控制身体各部分的活动。

7. 循环系统(circulatory system)循环系统由心脏、血管和血液组成。

它负责输送氧气、营养物质和代谢废物,维持全身细胞的正常功能。

8. 呼吸系统(respiratory system)呼吸系统由鼻腔、气管、支气管和肺组成。

它的功能是将氧气带入身体,并排出二氧化碳等废物。

9. 消化系统(digestive system)消化系统由口腔、食管、胃、小肠和大肠组成。

它负责消化食物,吸收营养物质,并排出未消化的废物。

10. 泌尿系统(urinary system)泌尿系统由肾脏、输尿管、膀胱和尿道组成。

它负责产生、储存和排泄尿液,排除体内代谢产生的废物。

11. 免疫系统(immune system)免疫系统是身体抵抗疾病和保护身体免受感染的防线。

生理学名词解释

生理学名词解释

生理学名词中英文对照第一章绪论1.稳态(homeostasis):内环境的化学成分和理化性质保持相对稳定的状态。

2.旁分泌调节(paracrine regulation):指激素等化学物质经组织液扩散,改变临近细胞活动的调节方式。

3.自身调节(autoregulation):指内外环境变化时,组织、细胞不依赖于神经或体液调节而产生的适应性反应。

4.负反馈(negative feedback):指在自动控制系统中,反馈调节使受控部分的活动向和它原先活动相反的方向改变。

5.正反馈(positive feedback):指在自动控制系统中,反馈调节使受控部分的活动向和它原先活动相同的方向改变。

6.前馈(feed-forward):指干扰信号对控制部分的直接作用,它能使输出变量在出现偏差而引起反馈性调节之前就能得到纠正。

第二章细胞的基本功能7. 经载体易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via carrier):水溶性小分子物质依靠膜上载体蛋白的介导,顺浓度梯度或(和)电位梯度的跨膜转运成为经载体易化扩散。

8. 经通道易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via ion channel):离子或水依靠膜上通道蛋白的介导,顺电化学驱动力或依靠渗透压差的跨膜转运称为经通道易化扩散。

9. 电压门控通道(voltage gated ion channel) :受膜电位调控离子通道的开闭。

10. 化学门控通道(chemically gated ion channel) :由化学物质(激素、递质等)控制离子通道的开闭,又称配体门控通道。

11. 机械门控通道(mechanically gated ion channel):由机械因素控制离子通道的开闭。

12. 原发性主动转运(primary active transport):离子泵利用分解ATP产生的能量,将离子逆浓度梯度或(和)电位梯度进行跨膜转运的过程称为原发性主动转运。

生理学名词中英文对照

生理学名词中英文对照

生理学名词中英文对照第一章绪论1. 稳态(homeostasis)2. 旁分泌(paracrine)3. 自身调节(autoregulation)4. 负反馈(negative feedback)5. 正反馈(positive feedback)6. 前馈(feed-forward)第二章细胞的基本功能7. 经载体易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via carrier)8. 经通道易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via channel)9. 电压门控通道(voltage-gated ion channel)10. 化学门控通道(chemical-gated ion channel)11. 机械门控通道(mechanically-gated ion channel)12. 原发性主动转运(primary active transport)13. 继发性主动转运(secondary active transport)14. 同向转运(symport)15. 反向转运(antiport)16. 兴奋性(excitability)17. 阈强度(threshold intensity)18. 极化(polarization)19. 去极化(depolarization)20. 超极化(hyperpolarization)21. 复极化(repolarization)22. 内向电流(inward current)23. 外向电流(outward current)24. 电化学驱动力(electrochemical driving force)25. 静息电位(resting potential)26. 平衡电位(equilibrium potential)27. 动作电位(action potential)28. “全或无”现象(“all or none” phenomenon)29. 阈电位(threshold potential)30. 局部电位(local potential)31. 兴奋-收缩耦联(excitation-contraction coupling)32. 等长收缩(isometric contraction)33. 等张收缩(isotonic contraction)34. 钙触发钙释放(calcium induced calcium release)35. 前负荷(preload)36. 后负荷(afterload)37.肌肉收缩能力(contractility)38. 运动单位(motor unit)第三章血液39. 血细胞比容(hematocrit)40. 血浆晶体渗透压(plasma crystal osmotic pressure)41. 血浆胶体渗透压(plasma colloid osmotic pressure)42. 悬浮稳定性(suspension stability)43. 红细胞渗透脆性(osmotic fragility)44. 血小板聚集(platelet aggregation)45. 生理性止血(hemostasis)46. 出血时间(bleeding time)47. 凝血时间(clotting time)48. 血液凝固(blood coagulation)49. 血清(serum)50. 凝血因子(clotting factor or coagulation factor)51. 内源性凝血途径(intrinsic pathway)52. 外源性凝血途径(extrinsic pathway)53. 纤维蛋白溶解(fibrinolysis)54. 血型(blood group)55. 红细胞凝集(agglutination)56. 交叉配血试验(cross-match test)第四章血液循环57. 心动周期(cardiac cycle)58. 等容收缩期(period of isovolumic contraction)59. 等容舒张期(period of isovolumic relaxation)60. 每搏输出量(stroke volume)61. 射血分数(ejection fraction)62. 心输出量(cardiac output)63. 心指数(cardiac index)64. 异长自身调节(heterometric autoregulation)65. 心室功能曲线(ventricular function curve)66. 心肌收缩能力(myocardial contractility)67. 等长调节(homometric regulation)68. 快反应细胞(fast response cell)69. 慢反应细胞(slow response cell)70. 期前收缩(premature systole)71. 代偿间歇(compensatory pause)72. 自动节律性(autorhythmicity)73. 正常起搏点(normal pacemaker)74. 潜在起搏点(latent pacemaker)75. 异位起搏点(ectopic pacemaker)76. 房室延搁(atrioventricular delay)77. 血流阻力(blood resistance)78. 动脉血压(arterial blood pressure)79. 收缩压(systolic pressure)80. 舒张压(diastolic pressure)81. 平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure)82. 中心静脉压(central venous pressure)83. 微循环(microcirculation)84. 有效滤过压(effective filtration pressure)85. 压力感受性反射(baroreceptor reflex)第五章呼吸86. 肺通气(pulmonary ventilation)87. 肺换气(gas exchange in lungs)88. 弹性阻力(elastic resistance)89. 顺应性(compliance)90. 比顺应性(specific compliance)91. 肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant)92. 气道阻力(airway resistance)93. 潮气量(tidal volume)94. 余气量(residual volume)95. 功能余气量(functional residual capacity)96. 肺活量(vital capacity)97. 用力肺活量(forced vital capacity)98. 用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume)99. 解剖无效腔(anatomic dead space)100.肺泡无效腔(alveolar dead space)101.肺泡通气量(alveolar ventilation)102.通气/血流比值(ventilation/perfusion ratio) 103.氧容量(oxygen capacity)104.氧含量(oxygen content)105.氧饱和度(oxygen saturation)106.氧解离曲线(oxygen dissociation curve)107.肺牵张反射(pulmonary stretch reflex)第六章消化与吸收108.机械性消化(mechanical digestion)109.慢波(slow wave)110.胃肠激素(gastrointestinal hormone)111.黏液-碳酸氢盐屏障(mucus-bicarbonate barrier)112.胃黏膜屏障(gastric mucosal barrier)113.容受性舒张(receptive relaxation)114.胃的排空(gastric emptying)115.肠-胃反射(entero-gastric reflex)116.分节运动(segmental motility)第七章能量代谢与体温117. 能量代谢(energy metabolism)118. 食物的热价(thermal equivalent of food)119. 氧热价(thermal equivalent of oxygen)120. 呼吸商(respiratory quotient)121. 基础代谢率(basal metabolism rate)122. 体温(body temperature)123. 温热性发汗(thermal sweating)第八章尿的生成和排出124.管-球反馈(tubuloglomerular feedback)125.肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate)126.滤过分数(filtration fraction)127.溶剂拖曳(solvent drag)128.肾糖阈(renal threshold for glucose)129.渗透性利尿(osmotic diuresis)130.球-管平衡(glomerulotubular balance)131.清除率(clearance rate)第九章神经系统的功能132.突触传递(synaptic transmission)133.电突触(electrical synapse)134.经典的突触(classical synapse)135.非定向突触(non-directed synapse)136.兴奋性突触后电位(excitatory postsynaptic potential) 137.抑制性突触后电位(inhibitory postsynaptic potential) 138.神经递质(neurotransmitter)139.神经调质(neuromodulator)140.激动剂(agonist)141.拮抗剂(antagonist)142.上调(up regulation)143.下调(down regulation)144.胆碱能纤维(cholinergic fiber)145.肾上腺素能纤维(adrenergic fiber)146.突触后抑制(postsynaptic inhibition)147.回返性抑制(recurrent inhibition)148.突触前抑制(presynaptic inhibition)149.适宜刺激(adequate stimulus)150.换能作用(transducer function)151.特异投射系统(specific projection system)152.非特异投射系统(nonspecific projection system)153.牵涉痛(referred pain)154.瞳孔对光反射(pupillary light reflex)155.瞳孔近反射(near reflex of the pupil)156.视敏度(visual acuity)157.暗适应(dark adaptation)158.视野(visual field)159.耳蜗内电位(endocochlear potential)160.耳蜗微音器电位(cochlear microphonic potential)161.眼震颤(nystagmus)162.脊髓休克(spinal shock)163.牵张反射(stretch reflex)164.腱反射(tendon reflex)165.肌紧张(muscle tonus)166.去大脑僵直(decerebrate rigidity)167.α僵直(α-rigidity)168.γ僵直(γ-rigidity)169.脑电图(electroencephalogram)170.网状结构上行激动系统(ascending reticular activating system)171.慢波睡眠(slow wave sleep)第十章内分泌172.激素(hormone)173.允许作用(permissive action)174.长反馈(long-loop feedback)175.短反馈(short-loop feedback)176.超短反馈(ultrashort-loop feedback)177.下丘脑调节肽(hypothalamic regulatory peptides)178.碘阻滞效应(Wolff-Chaikoff effect)179.应激(stress)180.应急反应(emergency reaction)(温州医科大学基础医学院生理学教研室)2013年9月2日。

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1 / 9生理学名词中英文对照第一章绪论1.机体的内环境(internal environment)2.稳态(homeostasis)3.反射(reflex)4.反射弧(reflex arc)5.旁分泌调节(paracrine regulation)6.自身调节(autoregulation)7.负反馈(negative feedback)8.正反馈(positive feedback)9.前馈(feed-forward) 第二章细胞的基本功能10.被动转运(passive transport)11.单纯扩散(simple diffusion)12.经载体易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via carrier)13.经通道易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via ion channel)14.电压门控通道(voltage gated ion channel) 15.离子通道(ion channel)16.化学门控通道(chemically gated ion channel) 17.机械门控通道(mechanically gated ion channel) 18.原发性主动转运(primary active transport)19.继发性主动转运(secondary active transport)20.同向转运(symport)21.反向转运(antiport)22.出胞(exocytosis)23.入胞(endocytosis)24.跨膜信号转导(transmembrane signal transduction)25.刺激(stimulation) 26.兴奋(excitation)2 / 927.兴奋性(excitability) 28.阈值(threshold) 29.极化(polarization)30.去极化(depolarization)31.超极化(hyperpolarization)32.复极化(repolarization)33.内向电流(inward current)34.外向电流(outward current)35.电化学驱动力(electrochemical driving force)36.静息电位(resting potential) 37. K平衡电位(Kequilibrium potential)38.动作电位(action potential) 39.超射(overshoot)40.“全或无”现象(“all or none”phenomenon)41.阈电位(threshold potential)42.局部电位(local potential)++43.时间性总和(temporal summation)44.空间性总和(spatial summation)45.量子释放(quantal release)46.兴奋-收缩耦联(excitation-contraction coupling)47.等长收缩(isometric contraction)48.等张收缩(isotonic contraction)49.前负荷(preload)50.后负荷(afterload)51.肌肉收缩能力(contractility) 52.不完全强直收缩(incomplete tetauns)53.完全强直收缩(complete tetanus)54.运动单位(motor unit)第三章血液55.血细胞比容(hematocrit)56.血浆渗透压(plasma osmotic pressure)57.血浆晶体渗透压(plasma crystal osmotic pressure)3 / 958.血浆胶体渗透压(plasma colloid osmotic pressure)59.悬浮稳定性(suspension stability)60.红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate)61.红细胞渗透脆性(osmotic fragility)62.血小板黏附(platelet adhesion)63.血小板聚集(platelet aggregation)64.生理性止血(hemostasis)65.出血时间(bleeding time)66.凝血时间(clotting time)67.血液凝固(blood coagulation)68.血清(serum)69.凝血因子(clotting factor)70.内源性凝血途径(intrinsic pathway)71.外源性凝血途径(extrinsic pathway)72.纤维蛋白溶解(fibrinolysis)73.血型(blood group)74.红细胞凝集(agglutination)75.凝集原(agglutinogen)76.凝集素(agglutinin)77.交叉配血试验(corss-match test)第四章血液循环78.心动周期(cardiac cycle)79.等容收缩期(period of isovolumic contraction)80.等容舒张期(period of isovolumic relaxation)81.每搏输出量(stroke volume)82.射血分数(ejection fraction)83.心输出量(cardiac output)84心指数(cardiac index)85.异长调节(heterometric regulation)86.心室功能曲线(ventricular function curve)87.心肌收缩能力(myocardial contractility)4 / 988.等长调节(homometric regulation)89.快反应细胞(fast response cell)90.慢反应细胞(slow response cell)91.期前收缩(premature systole)92.代偿间歇(compensatory pause)93.自动节律性(autorhythmicity)94.正常起搏点(normal pacemaker)95.潜在起搏点(latent pacemaker)96.异位起搏点(ectopic pacemaker)97.房室延搁(atrioventricular delay)98.膜反应曲线(membrane responsiveness curve)99.钙触发钙释放(calcium-induced Carelease)100.外周阻力(peripheral resistance)101.动脉血压(arterial blood pressure)102.收缩压(systolic pressure)103.舒张压(diastolic pressure)104.平均动脉压(mean arterialpressure)105.中心静脉压(central venous pressure)106.微循环(microcirculation)107.压力感受性反射(baroreceptor reflex)2+第五章呼吸108.肺通气(pulmonary ventilation)109.肺换气(gas exchange in lungs)110.呼吸运动(respiratory movement)111.弹性阻力(elastic resistance)112.顺应性(compliance) 113.肺的静态顺应性(static compliance)114.比顺应性(specific compliance) 115.肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant)116.气道阻力(airway resistance) 117.潮气量(tidal volume)5 / 9118.余气量(residual volume)119.功能余气量(functional residual capacity)120.肺活量(vital capacity) 121.用力肺活量(forced vital capacity) 122.用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume) 123.肺通气量(pulmonary ventilation)124.解剖无效腔(anatomical dead space) 125.肺泡无效腔(alveolar dead space) 126.肺泡通气量(alveolar ventilation)127.通气/血流比值(ventilation/perfusion ratio)128.血氧容量(oxygen capacity) 129.血氧含量(oxygen content) 130.血氧饱和度(oxygen saturation) 131.氧解离曲线(oxygen dissociation curve)132.肺牵张反射(pulmonary stretch reflex) 第六章消化与吸收133.消化(digestion)134.机械性消化(mechanical digestion)135.化学性消化(chemical digestion)136.吸收(absorption)137.慢波(slowwave)138.胃肠激素(gastrointestinalhormone)139.脑-肠肽(braingut peptide)140.黏液-碳酸氢盐屏障(mucus bicarbonate barrier)141.胃黏膜屏障(gastric mucosal barrier)142.容受性舒张(receptive relaxation)143.紧张性收缩(tonic contraction)144.胃的排空(gastric emptying)6 / 9145.肠-胃反射(entero-gastricreflex)146.分节运动(segmentationcontraction)147.胆盐的肠-肝循环(enterohepatic circulation of bile salt)第七章能量代谢与体温148.能量代谢(energy metabolism)149.食物的热价(thermal equivalent of food) 150.氧热价(thermal equivalent of oxygen)151.呼吸商(respiratory quotient)152.基础代谢率(basal metabolicrate) 153.体温(body temperature)154.温热性发汗(thermal sweating)155.精神性发汗(mental sweating156.热敏神经元(warm-sensitive neuron) 157.冷敏神经元(cold-sensitive neuron) 第八章尿的生成和排出158.管-球反馈(tubuloglomerular feedback)159.肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate) 160.滤过分数(filtration fraction)161.有效滤过压(effective filtration pressure) 162.肾糖阈(renal threshold for glucose)163.葡萄糖吸收极限量(transfer maximum of glucose)164.渗透性利尿(osmotic diuresis)165.球-管平衡(glomerulotubular balance) 166.水利尿(water diuresis)167.清除率(clearance)第九章感觉器官的功能7 / 9168.感受器(receptor)169.感觉器官(sense organ)170.适宜刺激(adequate stimulus)171.换能作用(transducer function)172.瞳孔对光反射(pupillary light reflex)173.互感性对光反射(consensual light reflex)174.瞳孔近反射(near reflex of the pupil)175.视敏度(visual acuity)176.暗适应(dark adaptation)177.明适应(light adaptation)178.视野(visual field)179.听阈(hearing threshold)180.耳蜗内电位(endocochlear potential)181.耳蜗微音器电位(cochlear microphonic potential)182.眼球震颤(nystagmus)第十章神经系统的功能183.突触(synapse)184.经典的突触(classical synapse)185.兴奋性突触后电位(excitatory postsynaptic potential) 186.抑制性突触后电位(inhibitory postsynaptic potential)187.非定向突触(non-directed synapse)188.电突触(electric synapse)189.神经递质(neurotransmitter)190.神经调质(neuromodulator)191.受体(receptor)192.激动剂(agonist)193.拮抗剂(antagonist)194.上调(up regulation)195.下调(down regulation)196.胆碱能纤维(cholinergic fiber)197.肾上腺素能纤维(adrenergic fiber)198.突触后抑制(postsynaptic inhibition)8 / 9199.传入侧支性抑制(afferent collateral inhibition)200.回返性抑制(recurrent inhibition) 201.突触前抑制(presynaptic inhibition)202.特异投射系统(specific projection system) 203.非特异投射系统(nonspecific projection system) 204.牵涉痛(referred pain)205.脊休克(spinal shock)206.牵张反射(stretch reflex)207.腱反射(tendon reflex)208.肌紧张(muscle tonus) 209.去大脑僵直(decerebrate rigidity)210.α僵直(α-rigidity)211.γ僵直(γ-rigidity)212.自发脑电活动(spontaneous electric activity of the brain)213.脑电图(electroencephalogram)214.脑干网状结构上行激动系统(ascending reticular activating system) 215.慢波睡眠(slow wave sleep)216.异相睡眠(paradoxical sleep)第十一章内分泌217.激素(hormone)218.允许作用(permissive action)219.长反馈(long-loop feedback)220.短反馈(short-loop feedback)221.超短反馈(ultra-short-loop feedback)222.下丘脑调节肽(hypothalamic regulatory peptides)223.应激反应(stress reaction)224.应急反应(emergency reaction)第十二章生殖225.月经(menstruation)226.月经周期(menstrual cycle)9 / 9227.增生期(proliferative phase)228.黄体期(luteal phase)。

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