2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解--考纲导读、解题技巧及命题趋势【带答案解析】
2020年高考英语二轮复习考点学与练专题14 阅读理解(讲)(含解析)
专题14 阅读理解高中英语教学大纲明确规定“侧重提高阅读能力”，这为我们的备考指明了方向。
分析近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解是高考试题中难度最大，区分度最高的题型，自始至终占据着主导地位。
阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能，它不仅考查对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。
不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思，还要通过表层去推理、判断。
除此之外，还涉及非语言因素，如：对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等。
Ⅰ.阅读理解题策略一、先看题干，带着问题读文章。
即先看试题，再读文章。
阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。
其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。
二、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40词左右。
必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
速读全文对于主旨大意题的解决尤其有效，能快速抓住主干，确定好答案。
三、详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。
文章绝不是互不相干的句子的堆砌。
作者为文，有脉可循。
如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；议论文则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。
四、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想，加标题等)和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。
深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。
它必须忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想像，随意揣测；读者要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。
推理题在提问中常用的词有：conclude，infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
2020年高考英语第二轮复习 阅读理解
本段主题句为首句, 其后的内容均说明首句。
II. Just as I settle down to read or watch television, he demands that I play with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks something over. I always have to hang up to find out what's wrong with him. B__a_b__y__-_s_i_t_t_i_n__g__w__i_t_h___m___y__l_i_t_t_l_e__b__r_o__t_h__e_r__i_s__n__o__f_u__n__. He refuses to let me eat a snack in peace. Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep.
2020年高考英语二轮复习完形填空--考纲导读、解题技巧及命题趋势
第一讲完形填空--考纲导读、解题技巧及命题趋势【考纲导读】完形填空不仅要求考生具有扎实的英语基础知识，还要具备较高的综合理解和语言运用能力。
文章体裁主要包括：1.记叙文；2.夹叙夹议；3.议论文；4.说明文。
【考情回顾】近几年高考全国卷完形填空考查情况如下：近五年高考课标Ⅱ卷的完形填空全部选用记叙文体裁。
近五年高考课标Ⅱ卷的完形填空以“人与社会”、“人与自我”为主题语境，未曾考查“人与自然”的主题语境。
文章往往蕴涵深刻哲理，耐人寻味，富有教育意义，选材贴近现实生活。
近五年高考课标Ⅱ卷的完形填空维持在230至300词之间。
考点设置以实词为主，其中对动词、名词以及形容词的考查数量最多。
未来高考完形填空会继续使用记叙文，文章长度有略有增加的趋势。
文章选材较为广泛，但会为中学生所熟悉的内容，能传递出“正能量”，对学生的人生观、价值观的建立有指导作用，“人与社会”、“人与自我”仍然是重点主题语境。
考点设置仍然坚持以实词为主、虚词为辅的原则，但词汇的考查面会逐渐增宽，选项设置也会更具有干扰性，设空与语境的联系会更加紧密。
(1) 通读全文，把握主旨。
在速读全文的过程中要重视首句、首段的信息，注意找出文章的关键词、中心词、画出某些代表人物和情节的词句，理清“情节线”和“情感线”，形成对整篇文章概貌的理解。
(2) 上下求索，先易后难。
完形填空设题通常分为句内、句组和语篇三个层次，做题时先易后难，遇到没有把握的题目时，可暂时跳过空格，顺着原来的思路推进，等到大部分空格选出答案后，借助已补全的信息，回头扫除“最牛钉子户”。
(3)复读全文，微调答案。
做完题后，把填好的短文通读一遍，看看有没有明显的语法错误和逻辑冲突，必要时加以改正。
第一步通览全文明大意做完形填空题时，考生应根据首句给出的提示，借助文中的关键词，全面理解文章大意。
快速通读全文，理清脉络，抓住主线，做到全局在握是正确解答完形填空题的首要前提。
第二步先易后难逐级填前置性设空题——边读边填根据第一遍浏览时的印象，分清空格属于哪种设题类型，在碰到前置性设空题时，可以边读边结合已经掌握的信息做出选择，如有必要，可再回读相关句子。
2020年英语高考二轮复习专题：阅读理解技巧
方法探究
解题思路： 21. What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?.
A. A type of art.
B. A teenager's studio.
阅读首段 了解体裁，主关旨键大词意 C. A great teacher.
• 间接理解题---语义转换题（该题型内容的丰富性 对学生平日的英语词汇、语句积累提出了更高的 要求 ）---- 利用同义转换的方式
2019·全国卷II，A
Gone Girl Gillian Fynn There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable
阅读标题、首段，了解主旨大意
Animals Out of Paper Yolo！Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph，in which an origami(折纸术)artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.
2020届高考英语二轮复习教师用书：第二板块第一部分 阅读理解解题技法总述
第一部分阅读理解解题技法总述高考阅读理解要求考生在规定的时间内完成4篇不同体裁、题材的阅读理解题。
考生不仅要能正确理解文章的表层意思，还要能通过表层意思合理地推断出文章的隐含意义。
近几年阅读理解的命题已从对传统知识的掌握情况的考查转向对能力的考查，命题者更关注考生用英语获取信息的能力和处理相关信息的能力。
为了帮助考生清楚地了解英语阅读理解题的情况，下面将具体分析近三年全国卷英语阅读理解题的命题特点。
[全国卷3年考情分析]由以上统计可看出，全国卷对阅读理解的考查文体上以应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文为主，题型以细节理解题，推理判断题为主，词义猜测题，主旨大意题较难，所占比例较少，命题很好地体现了“注重基础，体现层次，有利于选拔人才”的高考命题思想。
1．精通四种题型解题技巧，有的放矢稳拿分针对不同类型的题目，可采用不同的解题技巧来应付，多法并举。
能力要求：(1)理解文中具体信息，主旨和要义；(2)理解文章的基本结构、理解作者的意图、观点和态度；(3)作出简单判断和推理；(4)根据上下文推断词汇的含义等。
2．识别正误选项特征，有效提高解题效率明确干扰项的设置方式，揣摩命题人的心思，答题才能既稳又准。
[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅲ·B)For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.“It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers，” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A＋E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.“China is impossible to overlook，” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women arenot just consumers of fashion －they are central to its movement.”Of course，not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China－some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.“ Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking_on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs－and beating them hands down in design and sales，” adds Hill.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers，” she says. “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China－its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”24．What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?A．It promoted the sales of artworks.B．It attracted a large number of visitors.C．It showed ancient Chinese clothes.D．It aimed to introduce Chinese models.25．What does Hill say about Chinese women?A．They are setting the fashion.B．They start many fashion campaigns.C．They admire super models.D．They do business all over the world.26．What do the underlined words“taking on” in paragraph 4 mean?A．learning fromB．looking down onC．working withD．competing against27．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Young Models Selling Dreams to the WorldB．A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkC．Differences Between Eastern and Western AestheticsD．Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends。
2020年高考英语第二轮复习名师精编阅读理解详解
高考英语第二轮复习名师精编阅读理解详解一ASandra Cisneros was born in Chicago in 1954 to a Mexican American family. As the only girl in a family of seven children, she often felt like she had “seven fathers,” because her six brothers, as well as her father, tried to control her. Feeling shy and unimportant, she retreated(躲避) into books. Despite her love of reading, she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate.In high school, with the encouragement of one particular teacher, Cisneros improved her grades and worked for the school literary magazine. Her father encouraged her to go to college because her thought it would be a good way for her to find a husband. Cisneros did attend college, but instead of searching for a husband, she found a teacher who helped her join the famous graduate writing program at the University of Iowa. At the university’s Writers’Workshop, however, she felt lonely----a Mexican American from a poor neighborhood among students from wealthy families. The feeling of being so different helped Cisneros find her “Creative voice.”“It was not until this moment when I considered myself truly different that my writing acquired a voice. I knew I was a Mexican woman, but I didn’t think it had anything to do with why I felt so muchimbalance in my life, but it had everything to do with it! That’s when I decided I would write about something my classmates couldn’t write about.”Cisneros published her first work, The House on Mango Street, when she was twenty-nine. The book tells about a young Mexican American girl growing up in a Spanish-speaking area in Chicago, much like the neighborhoods in which Cisneros lived as a child. The book won an award in 1985 and has been used in classes from high school through graduate school level. Since then, Cisneros has published several books of poetry, a children’s book, and a short-story collection.1. Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood?A. She had seven brothers.B. She felt herself a nobody.C. She was too shy to go to school.D. She did not have any good teachers.2. The graduate program gave Cisneros a chance to _____.A. work for a school magazineB. run away from her familyC. make a lot of friendsD. develop her writing style3. According to Cisneros, what played the decisive role in her success?A. Her early years in college.B. Her training in the Workshop.C. Her feeling of being different.D. Her childhood experience.4. What do we learn about The House on Mango Street?A. It is quite popular among students.B. It is the only book ever written by Cisneros.C. It wasn’t success as it was written in Spanish.D. It won an award when Cisneros was twenty-nine.BI love charity(慈善) shops and so do lots of other people in Britain because you find quite a few of them on every high street. The charity shop is a British institution, selling everything from clothes to electric goods, all at very good prices. You can get things you won’t find in the shops anymore. The thing I like best about them is that your money is going to a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies, and you are not damaging the planet, but finding a new home for unwanted goods.The first charity shop was opened in 1947 by Oxfam. The famous charity’s appeal to aid postwar Greece had been so successful it had been flooded with donations(捐赠物). They decided to set up a shop to sell some of these donations to raise money for that appeal. Now there are over 7,000 charity shops in the UK. My favourite charity shop in myhometown is the Red Cross shop, where I always find children’s books, all 10 or 20 pence each.Most of the people working in the charity shops are volunteers, although there is often a manager who gets paid. Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated by the public. Every morning you see bags of unwanted items outside the front of shops, although they don’t encourage this, rather ask people to bring things in when the shop is open.The shops have very low running costs: all profits go to charity work. Charity shops raise more than ￡110 million a year, funding（资助）medical research, overseas aid, supporting sick and poor children, homeless and disabled people, and much more. What better place to spend your money? You get something special for a very good price and a good moral sense. You provide funds to a good cause and tread lightly on the environment.5. The author loves the charity shop mainly because of _______.A. its convenient locationB. its great variety of goodsC. its spirit of goodwillD. its nice shopping environment6. The first charity shop in the UK was set up to ____.A. sell cheap productsB. deal with unwanted thingsC. raise money for patientsD. help a foreign country7. Which of the following is TRUE about charity shops?A. The operating costs are very low.B. The staff are usually well paid.C. 90% of the donations are second-hand.D. They are open twenty-four hours a day.8. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?A. What to Buy a Charity Shops.B. Charity Shop: Its Origin & Development.C. Charity Shop: Where You Buy to Donate.D. The Public’s Concern about Charity Shops.CMichael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishier---the shark(鲨鱼).Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms.Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on shark’s ability to sense pressure.If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather.Miss Smith had previously studied the behaviour of lemon sharks inthe Bahamas.She then used their close relatives, lesser spotted dogfish, for further research at Aberdeen University.Her work---thought to be the first of its kind to test the pressure theory ---- resulted from the observation that juvenile blacktip sharks off Florida moved into deeper water ahead of a violent storm in 2001.Miss Smith said: “I’ve always been crazy about traveling and diving and this led me to an interest in sharks.”“I was delighted to have been able to research in the area for my degree. I know there’s so much more we need to understand ---- but it certainly opens the way to more research.”It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system.At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology.In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfish----none of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic(模拟) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts.She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrichher experience of shark research.9 The passage is most probably taken from _____.A. a short-story collectionB. a popular science magazineC. a research paperD. a personal diary10. What do we learn from the first four paragraph of the passage?A. Sharks may be used to predict bad weather.B. Sharks’ behaviour can be controlled.C. Michael Fish is not qualified for his job.D. Lauren Smith will become a weather forecaster.11. Lauren Smith conducted her research by _______.A. removing hair cells from a shark’s balance systemB. measuring the air pressure of weather frontsC. recording sharks’ body temperatureD. monitoring sharks’ reaction to weather changes12. What is the passage mainly about?A. A popular way of forecasting weather.B. A new research effort in predicting storms.C. Biologists’ interest in the secrets of sharks.D. Lauren Smith’s devotion to scientific research.DWe can achieve knowledge either actively or passively（被动地）. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor(谣言).Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original message has changed.That’s what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to astory, trying to improve on it, stamping（打上标记）it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be re-stated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.13. According to the passage, passive learning may occur in _______.A. doing a medical experimentB. solving a math problemC. visiting an exhibitionD. doing scientific reasoning14. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to _____.A. active learningB. knowledgeC. communicationD. passive learning15. The author mentions the game Rumor to show that _____.A. a message may be changed when being passed onB. a message should be delivered in different waysC. people may have problems with their sense of hearingD. people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor16. What can we infer from the passage?A. Active learning is less important.B. Passive learning may not be reliable.C. Active learning occurs more frequently.D. Passive learning is not found among scholars.EAs kids, my friends and I spent a lot of time out in the woods. “The woods” was our part-time address, destination, purpose, and excuse. If I went to a friend’s house and found him not at home, his mother might say, “Oh, he’s out in the woods, ” with a tone(语气) of airy acceptance. It’s similar to the tone people sometimes use nowadays to tell me that someone I’m looking for is on the golf course or at the gym, or even “away from his desk.” For us ten-year-olds, “being out in the woods” was just an excuse to do whatever we feel like for a while.We sometimes told ourselves that what we were doing in the woods was exploring(探索). Exploring was a more popular idea back then than it is today. History seemed to be mostly about explorers. Our explorations, though, seemed to have less system than the historic kind: something usually came up along the way. Say we stayed in the woods, throwing rocks, shooting frogs, picking blackberries, digging in what we were briefly persuaded was an Italian burial mound.Often we got “lost”and had to climb a tree to find out where wewere. If you read a story in which someone does that successfully, be skeptical: the topmost branches are usually too skinny to hold weight, and we could never climb high enough to see anything except other trees.There were four or five trees that we visited regularly----tall beeches, easy to climb and comfortable to sit in.It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. By then some of us has reached seventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence（青春期）. In March, the month when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring. We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that were really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school cafeteria.17. The author and his fiends were often out in the woods to _______.A. spend their free timeB. play gold and other sportsC. avoid doing their schoolworkD. keep away from their parents18. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. The activities in the woods were well planned.B. Human history is not the result of exploration.C. Exploration should be a systematic activity.D. The author explored in the woods aimlessly.19. The underlined word “skeptical” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.A. calmB. doubtfulC. seriousD. optimistic20. How does the author feel about his childhood?A. Happy but short.B. Lonely but memorable.C. Boring and meaningless.D. Long and unforgettable.（A）本篇文章为我们介绍了一个人物——有一个害羞的小女孩成为知名作家的故事，着重描述了她独特写作风格形成的原因 .1.B 事实细节题。
2020年高考山东版高考英语 第二部分 阅读理解
第二部分阅读理解挖命题【考情探究】分析解读 1.从表格内容的分布来看,近五年高考课标全国I卷阅读理解有以下特点:(1)除2016年外每年都有1篇广告类应用文,且设题以事实细节题为主;(2)体裁以说明文为主,以记叙文和应用文为辅,题材涉及科普知识、人物故事、人际关系、文化艺术、现代技术、自然与环境、历史与地理、人物介绍、社会生活、健康生活、健康饮食、节假日介绍、学校生活等话题;(3)从设题角度看,以考查事实细节、推理判断为主,以考查猜测词义、主旨大意为辅。
2.备考建议:(1)在高三备考中既要进行阅读的限时训练,提升阅读理解的速度和精度,也要坚持日常泛读,广泛涉猎说明文、记叙文、议论文等多种体裁的文章,熟悉其文体特点,并积累和掌握各类话题的高频词汇;(2)对近五年高考真题中的阅读理解进行训练和精读,感悟高考阅读理解的命题特点,并对文章中出现的话题词汇进行归类和重点过关;(3)熟悉事实细节、推理判断、主旨大意、猜测词义等常见命题形式的特点和应对方法,并进行分类突破,提高解题效率。
【真题典例】真题典例1 说明文例析真题再现Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speechindependent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In．． recent．．．．．． centuries,．．．．．．．．．．trade,．．．．．． industrialisation,．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． the．．． development．．．．．．．．．．． of．． the．．． nation．．．．．．-．state．．．．． and．．． the．．． spread．．．．．． of．． universal．．．．．．．．．compulsory．．．．．．．．．． education,．．．．．．．．．． especially．．．．．．．．．． globalisation．．．．．．．．．．．．． and．．． better．．．．．． communications．．．．．．．．．．．．．． in．． the．．． past．．．． few．．．decades,．．．．．．．． all．．． have．．．． caused．．．．．． many．．．． languages．．．．．．．．． to．． disappear,．．．．．．．．．． and dominant languages such．．．． as．．English,．．．．．．．． Spanish．．．．．．． and．．． Chinese．．．．．．． are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with 文章作者开门见山,首句便揭示了本文的主题。
2020版新高考英语大二轮专题突破浙京津鲁琼版讲义：专题二 阅读理解 第三节 二 Word版含解析
姓名，年级：时间：二、代词指代题（2019·全国Ⅱ，A)My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co.author of the This Book Will series（系列）of lifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads。
MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds。
Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress,Miss Trunchbull,are equally funny and frightening，but they’re also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIt’s about two sisters—Eri，a model who either won't or can't stop sleeping，and Mari，a young student.In trying to connect to her sister,Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse “night people” who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FlynnThere was a bit of me that didn’t want to love this when everyone else on the planet did,but the horror story is brilliant。
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专题一阅读理解
【考纲导读】
高考英语全国卷明确要求考生具备以下能力：
1.理解文章主旨要义。
2.理解文中具体信息
3.根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义
4.根据所读内容作出判断和推理
5.理解文章的基本结构
6.理解作者的意图、观点和态度
【考情回顾】
近几年高考全国卷阅读理解考查情况如下：
年份
数量
类别
2017-2019年，全国卷阅读理解考点统计
分布情况考点
2017年2018年2019年共
计全国卷一全国卷二全国卷一全国卷二全国卷一全国卷二
细节理解8 6 6 9 6 5 40 推理判断 5 5 5 3 5 6 29 主旨大意 2 2 1 2 1 2 10 词意猜测 2 1 1 1 1 2 8
【命题趋势和规律】
研究近几年高考试题可以发现，高考阅读理解设置的问题往往反映了一篇文章的主要信息和脉络，命题者通常从以下
几个维度设题：
1.段首、段尾句：第一段首句或末段末句往往反映了文章的主题或中心思想；某一段的段首句或段尾句往往是该段的主题句。
因此，命题者一般针对它们设置主旨大意题目。
2.转折、对比处：一般来说，表示转折意义的信号词but、however、yet、on the contrary、in fact或体现对比关系的提示词unlike、while等后的内容往往是表意重点。
因此，命题者常常抓住这一特点设置推理判断、观点态度等题目。
3.引用人物论断处：为了表达自己的观点或使论点更有说服力，作者常常引用他人的论断或重要发现进行证明。
命题者常常针对它们设置推理判断题目。
4.体现因果关系处：命题者常常针对体现因果关系的because、for、since、now that、as a result、consequently、result in、result from等信号词设置细节理解、推理判断、观点态度题目。
5.举例子、打比方处：为了使自己的观点更有说服力，作者常常采用举例子或打比方等方法。
命题者常常抓住for example、for instance、such as、as等设置意图态度、推理判断等题目。
6.复杂句式处：复杂句式一般包括同位语、插入语、长难句等，它们往往对考生准确理解文意形成障碍。
命题者往往针对这些复杂句式设置词义猜测、推理判断等题目。
7.特殊标点处：破折号、冒号、括号、引号后的内容往往是对前面内容的进一步解释、说明或补充。
命题者往往针对这些标点符号后的内容设置细节理解推理判断主旨大音等题目
【应试策略】
1.通读全文，把握主题知大意
考生在有限的时间里，充分利用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧速读全文，抓住关键词、高频词、主题句、标题、副标题、插图、表格等关键信息，把握文章结构，快速确定文章主旨大意。
2.关注细节，理清思路与脉络
记叙文多以时间或空间为线索展开故事；议论文通常包含论点、论据和结论，通过解释、举例来阐述观点；说明文往往有明确的写作顺序。
抓住这些特点并结合文章细节，可以在最短的时间内理清文章思路，把握主旨大意。
3.删繁就简，突破难句捕
遇到结构复杂的句子，要善于略去修饰成分，如定语（从句）、状语（从句）、同位语(从句）等，抓住句子的关键成分，即句子的主干成分，如主语、谓语和宾语，从而迅速锁定句子意思
4.技巧助力，轻松应考走捷径
在阅读理解的过程中，只要考生把握高考命题的规律，熟练运用略读、扫读、跳读等阅读技巧，就可以获得事半功倍的效果，提高正确率。