专八听力预测试题二
专八听力预测试题二.
星期2 Tuesday预测试题二预测试题Section A Mini-LectureIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is(are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your noteswhile completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Group discussion skillsI. Importance of group discussion skillsA. Useful for everyday life, from (1)__________ to more serious discussions.B. For job interviews and selection procedures.C. For extended speaking and listening practice.II. Types of discussionsA. Making decisions.B. Sharing opinions on a given topic.C. (2)__________.D. Solving a problem.III. Useful sub-skills for students and how to develop them.A. To analyse.1. Give each student a different topic and ask them to put down all thesub-topics.2. Ask them to swap their notes and analyse the (3)__________ ofeach sub-topics.3. Let them together draw up a new list and discuss the relevance of thesub-topics. (1)_______(2)______(3) ______(4) ______(5) ______(6)______(7) ______(8) ______(9) ______(10) ______B. To persuade (eg. which candidate should get a job).1. Students create a list of 7 adjectives to describe (4)__________.2. Re-group and persuade the other group members that their selectionis the best.3. Make a second list out of (5)__________ and find who retain themost from their original lists.C. To control emotions.1. Ask students to give opinions on(6)__________.2. Make notes on their main arguments.D. To support.1. Get students to make a list of when it is and isn’t appropriate tointerrupt.2. Give them phrases used to (7)__________. Practice using them ingroup discussions.E. To use functional language.IV. How teachers set up group discussionsA. Give some planning time to the students.B. Get interesting topics, maybe from (8)_________.C. Ensure a balance between input and practice.D. Vary the styles.E. Use a variety of (9)__________.F. Encourage group discussions outside of class.G. Give and encourage feedback.H. Try (10)__________ and analyze them.I. Monitor the groups and make notes for feedback on the performances.Section B InterviewIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following is CORRECT?[A] The man is to advertise for his new book.[B] The man specializes in communication.[C] His talk is about communication techniques.[D] His talk is actually an autobiography.2. The man did all the following EXCEPT ______ to better his presentation performance.[A] consulting some relevant books[B] communicating with good speakers[C] observing the preparation of good speakers[D] doing performance comparison with good speakers3. The man recommends the method of ______ to give a better presentation.[A] practicing it before colleagues[B] recording practice presentation rather than using colleagues[C] asking colleagues to examine the recorded practice presentation[D] learning from other real presentation videos4. Which of the following is NOT what speakers tend to worry about when making a presentation?[A] Too much nervousness.[B] Rude audience.[C] Self diffidence.[D] Equipment failure.5. In the man’s view, the way of really overcoming nervousness is[A] preparing well.[B] relaxing face muscles.[C] concentrating on your recent enjoyments.[D] doing breathing exercises.Section C News BroadcastIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Question 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.6. Which of the following in INCORRECT about the summit on Nuclear Security?[A] It is the biggest international meeting since 1945.[B] More than 50 countries have attended it.[C] It is hosted by the US and called by President Obama.[D] Ukraine has attended the summit.7. The content of the summit is[A] securing stocks of fissile material.[B] highly enriched uranium.[C] plutonium.[D] material terrorists use to build nuclear bombs.Question 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.8. What is the news mainly talking about?[A] A broken well leading to large oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.[B] The high cost of tackling oil spill.[C] Large number of people and boats being sent to help with the oil spill.[D] The high compensation claims the oil company is facing.9. The initially calculated figure of everyday cost is[A] $33m.[B] more than $33m.[C] more than $6.6m.[D] less than $6.6m.Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.10. Which of the following is NOT true about the explosion?[A] It could be heard from more than 8 km away.[B] It caused a woman injured.[C] The bomb was placed next to the wall housing women prisoners.[D] It exploded 20 minutes after the warning was received.答疑解惑Section A Mini-Lecture【听力原文】Hello, everyone! Today’s lecture is about group discussion skills. The first thing I have to explain is why to talk about group discussion skills.Developing group discussion skills is useful for everyday life, as we regularly find ourselves having discussions amongst friends, family and colleagues. These may vary from very informal chats about day-to-day things, to more serious topics, for example a discussion about a recent news story or a problem that needs to be solved. Two more things:【答案解析】1. very informal chats【解析】本篇演讲的主题是group discussion skills，演讲者开门见山，指出第一个要说明的问题就是谈论这个话题的理由。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷202(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷202(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Five Virtues of StyleGood morning, everyone. Welcome back to our series on Classical Rhetoric. Today we’re continuing our five-part segment on the Five Canons of Rhetoric. So far we’ve covered the canons of invention and arrangement Today we’re discussing the canon of style, particularly on the five virtues of style.Let’s begin with the first virtue, correctness. Correctness means speaking or writing in accordance with the rules and norms of one’s language.[1]An effective communicator uses words correctly and follows the rules of grammar and syntax. Why?[2]First, correct usage ensures clear and precise communication.[3]And second, correctly using language establishes credibility with an audience because it indicates the speaker or writer is well-educated, understands the nuances of language, and pays attention to details. When someone catches language mistakes in a speech or piece of text, the thought often arises, “If the author can’t even follow the basic rules of grammar or even take the time and effort to review them, why should I trust what he has to say?” When you’re attempting to persuade others, try to avoid anything that would distract your audience from your argument. Don’t give them a reason to discredit you by being lazy with correct grammar and usage.[4]Coming up is the second virtue, clarity. It’s hard to be persuasive when people can’t even understand what you’re trying to say. Clear and simple writing ensures that your message never gets lost between you and your audience. Remember: smart writing is simple writing.Clear and simple writing is actually quite difficult to do. It requires you to think hard about your topic, get at its core, and then put that core in terms that your audience can understand. Here are a few tips on writing and speaking with greater clarity.Firstly, write or speak something an 8th grader can understand. If an 8th grader can understand your speech or article, then chances are an adult of average education can too. Practice this by taking complex legal/ethical issues or scientific theories and writing a short blurb that could be put in an 8th grade textbook.Secondly,[5]use strong verbs. Avoid is, are, was, were, be, being, been. So instead of saying “Diane was killed by Jim,” say “Jim killed Diane.” It’s shorter, clearer, and punchier. Whenever I edit my writing, I always do a ctrl+f for those verbs and see if I can replace them with stronger verbs. Although sometimes you can’t do so without the sentence soundingworse than before.Thirdly,[6]keep average sentence length to about 20 words. Sentence length is one of the biggest factors in determining how easy it is to understand what you’re saying or writing. Ideas can get lost in super long sentences. While you should avoid really long sentences as much as possible, you don’t want all your sentences to be just five words each either. That makes your writing and speaking sound choppy and rushed. Shoot for an average of about 20 words a sentence. And mix sentences of varying lengths together.The third virtue of style is evidence. We’re not using “evidence”in the sense of facts you provide to prove a logical argument. For classical rhetoricians, the quality of evidence was a way to[7]measure how well language reached the e-motions of an audience through vivid description. Remember that most people are persuaded more by emotion than by logic.[8]One of the best ways to elicit an emotional response from people is to appeal to their physical senses by using vivid descriptions. For example, let’s say you’re making the case to your state legislator that your state needs to devote more funds towards fighting childhood hunger.[9]Instead of starting your speech or letter by spouting off a bunch of dry facts, it would be more persuasive to tell a story of a specific child who’s a victim of hunger. In your story, describe the conditions this child is living in—the smells, the sights, the sounds. Describe the pangs of hunger that gnaw on his stomach every night while he lies crying softly, curled in ball on a urine-soaked mattress. Who wouldn’t want to help this kid? That’s the quality of evidence in action.[10]Now let’s turn to the fourth virtue of style, propriety.[11]Propriety is the quality of style concerned with selecting words that fit with the subject matter of your speech and ensuring they’re appropriate for your audience and for the occasion. Simply put, propriety means saying the right thing, at the right place, at the right time. A common rhetorical event where you see the quality of propriety flagrantly violated is the best man speech at a wedding. I can’t count how many of these speeches I’ve witnessed where the best man says some thing that makes everyone in the room cringe. You’d think it’d be common sense, but a wedding toast in front of a groom’s new wife and her family isn’t an appropriate place to talk about the groom’s past relationships or a night of drunken debauchery you had with him back in your college days. You might think it’s funny, but a wedding reception isn’t the place for that sort of humour. It’d be fine at a roast, but not a toast.The last one to be mentioned is ornateness.[12]Ornate-ness involves making your speech or text interesting to listen to or read by using figures of speech and[13]manipulating the sound and rhythm of words. Classical rhetoricians focused on incorporating different figures of speech to decorate their speeches. Here are a few that I particularly enjoy using.[14]The first one is Antanaclasis. It means repetition of a word in two different senses. For example: “If we don’t hang together, we’ll hang separately.”Benjamin Franklin said.The second one is simile. It is an explicit comparison, often employing “like” or “as.” John Steinbeck in his book The Grapes of Wrath wrote: “The full green hills are round and soft as breasts.”[15]Finally, metaphor. It means a comparison made by e-quating one thing with another, showing that two unlike things have something in common. Our most familiar example might be this sentence: “A mighty fortress is our God.”OK I have outlined the five virtues of style for you. Rememberthe correctness, clarity, evidence, propriety and ornateness of the style. When you write a speech or produce a text, remember to follow these five virtues.Five Virtues of StyleI. Correctness—Follow correct usage of words, grammar and【T1】_____ rules【T1】______—Reasonsa)Ensure【T2】_____ communication 【T2】______b)Make your speech or writing【T3】_____to an audience【T3】______II.【T4】_____【T4】______—Message will not get lost due to clear and simple writing —Tips on simple writinga)Write something an 8th grader can understandb)Use【T5】_____verbs【T5】______c)Keep average sentence length to about【T6】_____ words 【T6】______III. Evidence—Purpose: to measure how well language materializesthe 【T7】_____ appeal to an audience【T7】______—Using【T8】______【T8】______Example: to ask for more funds to fight childhood hunger Avoid【T9】_____ at the beginning【T9】______ Tell a story about a child victimized by hungerIV.【T10】_____【T10】______—Quality of style concerned witha)choice of 【T11】_____【T11】______b)audiencec)occasion—Example: best man speech at a weddingV. Ornateness—Make the text【T12】_____ by use of【T12】______a)figures of speech andb)manipulation of【T13】_____ and rhythm of words【T13】______—Speaker’s favourite choice:a)Antanaclasis: repetition of a word in【T14】_____【T14】______b)Simile: explicit comparisonc)【T15】_____: linking two unlike things 【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：syntax解析：本题考查准确性需要遵循的规则。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷242(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷242(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：How to Tame the Anger Monster Good morning! Today we’ll look at how to tame the anger monster. As you all know, human beings have always experienced anger. But in earlier, more civil decades, public displays of anger were unusual to the point of being aberrant. Today, however, whether in petty or deadly forms, episodes of unrepressed rage have become part of our daily landscape. What has happened to us? Are we that much angrier than we used to be? Have we lost all inhibitions about expressing our anger? Are we, as a society, literally losing our ability to control our tempers? According to Sybil Evans, a conflict-resolution expert, there are three components to blame for our societal bad behavior: time, technology and tension. What’s eating up our time? (1) To begin with, Americans work longer hours and are rewarded with less vacation time than people in any other industrial society. Over an average year, for example, most British employees work 250 hours less than most Americans; most Germans work a full 500 hours less. And most Europeans are given four to six weeks’vacation every year, compared to the average American’s two weeks. (2) To make matters worse, many Americans face long stressful commutes at the beginning and end of each long workday. Once we Americans finally get home from work, our busy day is rarely done. (3) We are involved in community activities, our children’s activities, and our houses, yards and cars cry out for maintenance. (4) To make matters worse, we are reluctant to use the little bit of leisure time we do have to catch up on our sleep. Compared with nine-and-a-half hours a night our ancestors typically slept, many of us feel lucky to get seven. We’re critical of “lazy”people who sleep longer, and we associate naps with toddlerhood. The bottom line: we are time-challenged and just plain tired—and (5) tired people are cranky people. We’re ready to blow—to snap at the slow-moving cashier, to tap the bumper of the slowpoke ahead of us, or to do something far worse. Technology is also to blame for the bad behavior so widespread in culture. Amazing gadgets were supposed to make our lives easier—but have they? Sure, technology has its positive aspects. It is a blessing, for instance, to have a cell phone on hand when your car breaks down far from home or to be able to “instant message” a friend on the other side of the globe. But the downsides are many.(6) Cell phones, pagers, fax machines, handheld computers and the like have robbed many of us of what was once valuable downtime. Now we’re always available to take that urgent call or act on that last-minute demand. (7) Then there is the endless pressure of feeling we need to keep up with our gadgets’latest technological developments. (8) For example, it’s not sufficient to use your cell phone for phone calls. Now you must learn to use the phone for text-messaging and downloading games. It’s not enough to take still photos with your digital camera. You should know how to shoot ultra-high-speed fast-action clips. In other words, if it’s been more than ten minutes since you’ve updated your technology, you’re probably behind. (9) Tension, the third major culprit behind our epidemic of anger, is intimately connected with our lack of time and the pressures of technology. Merely our chronic exhaustion and our frustration in the face of a bewildering array of technologies would be enough to cause our stress levels to skyrocket, but we are dealing with much more. (10) Our tension is often fueled by a reserve of anger that might be the result of a critical boss, marital discord, or a general sense of being stupid and inadequate in the face of the demands of modern life. (11) And along with the challenges of everyday life, we now live with a widespread fear of such horrors as terrorist acts, global warming, and antibiotic-resistant diseases. Our sense of dread may be out of proportion to actual threats because of technology’s ability to so constantly bombard us with worrisome information. Twenty-four hours a day news stations bring a stream of horror into our living rooms. As we work on our computers, headlines and graphic images are never more than a mouse-click away. Adding it all together—our feeling of never having enough time; the chronic aggravation caused by technology; our endless, diffuse sense of stress—and we become time bombs waiting to explode. Our angry outbursts may be briefly satisfying, but afterwards we are left feeling—well, like jerks. Worse, flying off the handle is a self-perpetuating behavior. Brad Bushman, a psychology professor at Iowa State University, says, “Catharsis is worse than useless.” (12) Bushman’s research has shown that when people vent their anger, they actually become more, not less, aggressive. (13-1) Furthermore, the unharnessed venting of anger may actually do us physical harm. The vigorous expression of anger pumps adrenaline into our system and raises our blood pressure, setting the stage for heart attacks and strokes. (13-2) Frequently angry people have even been shown to have higher cholesterol levels than even-tempered individuals. How to deal with our anger? Unfortunately, the culprits behind much of our anger are not likely to resolve themselves anytime soon. So what can we do to deal with anger? According to Carol, author of Anger: The Misunderstood Emotion, (14) the keys to dealing with anger are common sense and patience. She points out that almost no situation is improved by an angry outburst. A traffic jam, a frozen computer, or a misplaced set of car keys are annoying. To act upon the angry feelings those situations provoke, however, is an exercise in futility. Shouting, fuming, or leaning on the car horn won’t make traffic begin to flow, the screen unlock, or keys materialize. Patience, on the other hand, is a highly practical virtue. People who take the time to cool down before responding to an anger-producing situation are far less likely to say or do something they will regret later. Any emotional arousal will simmer down if youjust wait long enough. When you are stuck in traffic, in other words, turn on some soothing music, breathe deeply, and count to ten—or thirty or forty, if need be.(15) Experts who have studied anger also encourage people to cultivate activities that effectively vent their anger. For some people, it’s reading the newspaper or watching TV, while others need more active outlets, such as using a treadmill, taking a walk, hitting golf balls, or working out with a punching bag. People who succeed in calming their anger can also enjoy the satisfaction of having dealt positively with their frustrations. So today, we have talked about three causes of our anger, the bad result of our outburst of anger, two keys to dealing with it and some practical solutions to it. Thank you for listening.How to Tame the Anger Monster I. Three factors causing anger A. time a. at work: —longer working hours and【T1】______【T1】______ —long, stressful【T2】______ each workday【T2】______b. after work —be involved in community activities and【T3】______【T3】______ —maintain houses, yards and cars—lack of 【T4】______【T4】______the bottom line: tired people are【T5】______ and ready to blow【T5】______B. technologya. robs people of their【T6】______【T6】______b. endless pressure to keep up with the latest【T7】______【T7】______ —e. g., learn to use the phone and【T8】______ for more functions【T8】______ C.【T9】______【T9】______a. connected with lack of time and the pressures of technologyb. often fueled by a reserve of【T10】______ :【T10】______ —e. g., a critical boss, marital discord, etc.c. widespread horrors:—e. g., terrorist acts,【T11】______, antibiotic-resistant diseases【T11】______d. constant worrisome news Ⅱ. Result of angerangry outbursts—briefly satisfying but later make people feel like fools—people become more【T12】______【T12】______—cause【T13】______ : higher cholesterol levels【T13】______Ⅲ. Ways to deal with angerA. keys: common sense and【T14】______【T14】______B.【T15】______ to take【T15】______ —reading newspapers or watching TV—using a treadmill—hitting golf balls or a punching bag 1．【T1】正确答案：less vacation time解析：这篇讲座的主旨是如何改变愤怒的习惯。
专八听力考试题及答案
专八听力考试题及答案1. 听下面一段对话，回答以下问题：(1) 男人为什么去图书馆？(2) 女人建议男人做什么？答案：(1) 男人去图书馆是为了借阅一本关于历史的书籍。
(2) 女人建议男人可以在网上查找相关信息。
2. 根据所听短文，完成下列句子：(1) The speaker mentioned that ________ is the most important aspect of a successful business.(2) According to the speaker, ________ can significantly impact the growth of a company.答案：(1) innovation is the most important aspect of a successful business.(2) employee satisfaction can significantly impact the growth of a company.3. 听下面一段新闻报道，回答以下问题：(1) What is the main topic of the news?(2) What measures are being taken to address the issue?答案：(1) The main topic of the news is the increasing pollution levels in major cities.(2) The government is implementing stricter emission standards for vehicles to address the issue.4. 根据所听讲座内容，回答以下问题：(1) What is the speaker's opinion on the role oftechnology in education?(2) What example does the speaker give to illustrate the point?答案：(1) The speaker believes that technology can greatly enhance the learning experience in education.(2) The speaker gives the example of using interactive software in classrooms to make lessons more engaging.5. 听下面一段对话，完成下列句子：(1) The woman is planning to ________ for her vacation.(2) The man suggests ________ as a possible destination.答案：(1) The woman is planning to go hiking for her vacation.(2) The man suggests visiting the national park as a possible destination.6. 根据所听短文，回答以下问题：(1) What is the main reason for the decline in the population of the species discussed?(2) What conservation efforts are mentioned in the article?答案：(1) The main reason for the decline in the population is habitat loss due to urban development.(2) The conservation efforts mentioned includeestablishing protected areas and raising public awareness.7. 听下面一段对话，回答以下问题：(1) Why is the woman upset?(2) What does the man offer to do?答案：(1) The woman is upset because she missed her flight.(2) The man offers to help her rebook another flight.8. 根据所听讲座内容，完成下列句子：(1) The speaker argues that ________ is crucial for maintaining a healthy lifestyle.(2) The speaker also mentions that ________ can lead to various health issues.答案：(1) The speaker argues that regular exercise is crucialfor maintaining a healthy lifestyle.(2) The speaker also mentions that a sedentary lifestyle can lead to various health issues.9. 听下面一段新闻报道，回答以下问题：(1) What is the main focus of the news report?(2) What is the current status of the situation?答案：(1) The main focus of the news report is the ongoing negotiations between two countries.(2) The current status of the situation is that both sides have agreed to continue talks next month.10. 根据所听对话，回答以下问题：(1) What is the man's opinion about the new restaurant?(2) What does the woman think about the food?答案：(1) The man's opinion about the new restaurant is that it is overpriced.(2) The woman thinks the food is delicious but not worth the high price.。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷302(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷302(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Some Theories of History Good morning, everyone. In today’s lecture, we are going to talk about some theories of history. How much of man’s history do we know? We really know very little. Written records exist for only a fraction of what we suppose to have been man’s time as a unique species. Furthermore, the accuracy of these records is often suspected, and the scope and selection of significant detail in them often needs improvement. It is worse when we try to reconstruct man’s history before the development of writing, and this is unfortunate because the history of the early development of human society is lost to us. The most that we can do is to use traces, deduction, speculation and the knowledge we have of the habits of those animals which have some elementary social order to help us make a partial reconstruction. This is hardly a satisfactory substitute for precise information. With our knowledge of human history, which is only fragmentary at best, it is therefore nearly impossible to reconstruct the beginning, and to deduce the end, of the story of man. Thus, there have developed many schools of thought on the subject, each of which attempts to give coherence to the human past by fitting it into the framework of a theory of history. The first theory I want to introduce is assumed that man continually progress. He has evolved from a lower to a higher form of being, and he continues to evolve. This evolution takes place both in terms of his potentials and his abilities to actualize these potentials. If one holds this theory, one feels that modern man must be more intelligent and civilized today than his ancestors, as well as physically and morally superior to them. One further assumes that this progress will continue into an ever more glorious future. Here deduction often ends and dreams of Utopia begin, for it seems that most of us find it hard to think of the human race developing into a race of angels. All in all, as a theory of history, the above view has had many eminent supporters. It might be well to mention here a variation on this theory that used to be popular, namely the idea that man rose from a low condition to a Golden Age at some time in the remote past, and that things have gone straight downhill ever since. Many eminent men have found a sort of gloomy comfort in this idea, but science has now opened up possibilities for the future which makes this theory less defendable. Perhaps for this reason the theoryhas little modern support. A second theory of history is held by those men who see man’s history as something quite different from a simple progression from a lower to a higher state. They see it as a cycle of stages of development which are predictable in their broad outlines and main features. As surely as a civilization rises and comes into being, so also must it decline and fall. The chief pattern one sees in history is the rise and fall of civilization. To holders of this theory, modern man is not looked upon as the most superior social being yet produced. He is simply the typical product of the current stage in the cycle of our civilization. In fact he may actually be inferior to members of past civilizations. It all depends upon what stage of civilization we happen to be living in. Indeed, it has been said that the average modern literate city dweller is comparatively more ignorant of his era’s fund of knowledge than other literate city dwellers of the past While the staggering fund of knowledge in our technologically advanced world is undoubtedly greater than that of any past civilization, it is probably true that the average modern man, relying on such repetitive forms of entertainment as television and working in a narrowly specialized job, knows a great deal less sheer information about his world than did earlier people. In a third theory of history, the two above theories are to some degree reconciled. According to this theory, which is often termed the spiral view of history, human societies do repeat a cycle of stages, but overall progress observable in the long historical perspective. Civilizations do rise and fall, as the advocates of the second theory maintain, but the new civilization which replaces the first, usually by conquest, contains superior qualities which enable it to rise to a higher stage of development until it, too, declines and is replaced by yet a third civilization. The above theories interpret history in term as if the overall progress of mankind in general without respect to differentiations within the social order. It is also possible to view human history in terms of the interaction of socioeconomic groups. Human history, according to this theory, is most clearly interpreted as the disappearance of class struggle. Most people who hold this theory assume an eventual resolution of the struggle through the disappearance of class differences, although it would be just as correct to assume that the struggle could continue unresolved. Those who assume that the struggle can eventually be resolved hold that history has a goal and that progress can be measured in terms of how quickly mankind is reaching that goal. OK. This brings us to the end of today’s lecture. I hope now you can have a better understanding of what history is. Thank you for your attention.Some Theories of HistoryI. The problems of understanding history History with written records: the records may be【T1】______ and inaccurate.【T1】______ History before writing: we can only make a partial【T2】______.【T2】______II. Some theories have been proposed to give【T3】______ to human history 【T3】______Theory 1 Man continually【T4】______ in terms of his potentials and【T4】______his abilities to【T5】______ these potentials.【T5】______ Modern man is superior to his ancestors【T6】______, physically and morally.【T6】______ A branch of the theory: man rose to a【T7】______ before.【T7】______Theory 2 Man’s history is a【T8】______ of stages of development, whose pattern is【T8】______the【T9】______ and fall of civilization.【T9】______ Whether modern manis superior to his ancestors depends onwhat【T10】______ of civilization he is in.【T10】______Theory 3 In this theory, the first two theories【T11】______ with each other.【T11】______ It is known as the【T12】______ of history.【T12】______Theory 4 This theory views human history from the【T13】______【T13】______of【T14】______ groups.【T14】______ Human history can be interpreted as the【T15】______ of class struggle.【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：incomplete／／fractional解析：讲座的主题是“some theories of history(一些历史理论)”。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷342(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷342(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Five Types of Books Good morning. This lecture is going to introduce 5 types of books that can increase intelligence. As you know, we read for information, with the hope that information we acquire will improve our minds, giving us the means to improve our lives. In the modern Age of Information, more reading material is available than ever, making it increasingly difficult to allocate our reading time efficiently. All books are not created equal, and it follows that all readers are not equal either. To read prodigiously and to read profitably are two very different things. A great amount of time is wasted reading books that are forgotten a short time after they’re completed. But time spent reading books that cultivate intelligence and wisdom is a labor that yields continuous benefit over a lifetime. Although it is certainly necessary, for the purposes of business and everyday life, to read about the latest news and trends, that type of reading is outside the scope of this article. My aim is to encourage the reading of books that permanently increase intelligence and, as a result, improve our chances of leading prosperous and fulfilling lives. The first choice is books about science. Science is not restricted to scientific text books. It includes all books that increase our understanding of the natural world. This includes books on commerce and society, with the unifying theme being the use of evidence to explain events. The great value of these books comes, not from the theories they prove which will likely be disproved in the future, but from the development of curiosity and the methods of learning. Scientific books teach us how to investigate our intuition and validate it with evidence. They also inspire wonder and respect for the physical world and for our own intellect. Then, philosophy comes as our second choice. In ancient times, science and philosophy grew from the seed of analytical thought. If science teaches us to understand the outside world, philosophy teaches us to understand ourselves. It could very well be called the science of human life. In addition to the classic philosophical works, this category also includes the great religious texts. The Bible, Koran, Bhagavad Gita, etc. are not universally valuable because of religious dogma, but because of the wisdom and beauty that has inspired billions to live loving, pious lives. It is an unfortunate modern bias that philosophy is considered irrelevant. Although we worship at the shrine of modern technology, this isstill a very human world. Philosophy will increase your understanding of human needs and desires, knowledge that is essential for spreading ideas and predicting human behavior. The third one is serious fiction. I’d like to permanently discredit the belief that fictional works are inferior because they’re only “made up stories”. Only a person totally devoid of imagination could believe that. Great works of fiction contain more truth than any other literary genre because they allow the reader to experience a new reality. Fiction creates experiences that elevate your level of consciousness. Serious fiction also contains a great deal of philosophy, psychology, and history. Truman Capote said that a good novel is worth more than any scientific study. For the purpose of increasing individual human intelligence, I’m inclined to agree. Great fiction is also great language. And as I’ve written before, reading great language is the only way to become a better writer. It will also make you a better thinker, speaker, and conversationalist. Moreover, history books are also included. History feels boring because as children it meant dull text books, memorizing dates, and tedious lectures. And who can blame us? The public schools have done their best to take the humanity out of history. But at its best, history is fascinating anecdotes, remarkable characters, and the evolution of ideas that have shaped civilization. By learning about the past we are able to interpret our own times. We are able to recognize modern prejudices and the nature of humanity. Although history may not help us predict the future, it increases self understanding and awareness. It teaches us the timelessness of ideas and morality. The last type is poetry. I saved poetry for last because convincing you to take it seriously provides the greatest challenge. Poetry arouses images of Shakespearian actors reciting flowery rhymes. It’s no wonder most people think it lacks substance and applicability. But to maintain this opinion is to ignore one of the great joys of human intelligence and underestimate the mysterious power of words. It’s no coincidence that many languages use the same word for poet and prophet. The reading of great poetry produces a feeling that cannot be adequately described, a feeling of awe and reverence for the power of words. Great poetry is the fusion of music and meaning. It is the medium of humanity’s most ancient masterpieces. Poetry sharpens language skills and develops eloquence. Meaning is only half of the great language. The best authors write with a style that is both pleasurable and instructive. An appreciation of poetry is essential for reaching this degree of excellence. As to resources, I can’t make a formal set of recommendations. There are just too many great books and my experience is too limited. How could I presume to know your tastes or area of interest? What I can do is point out a couple of places where you’ll be sure to find something of interest. Anyone who follows this site knows that I’m a whore for the old stuff. Strangely, the Internet is the best thing that’s happened to old books since the printing press. Bartleby contains an extensive collection of materials that are well formatted for online reading. You should read for self improvement, not to feel educated and superior. Reading, even the most rigorous intellectual type, should be a labor of love. It might be easier to read lighter books, but the moments of discovery created by challenging books are more pleasurable and exhilarating than any suspense novel. If you make an effort to read more profitably, you’ll be rewarded with wisdom, beauty,and many hours of productive leisure.Five Types of Books I. IntroductionA. Reading for information, hoping to—improve our minds with the information acquired—give us the means to improve our livesB. Reading prodigiously & reading【T1】______: two different things【T1】______—to read books that increase【T2】______【T2】______—to read books that helps improve our chances of a happy livingII. The first choice: books about【T3】______【T3】______A. Including not only scientific text books, but alsothe books that increase our understanding of the【T4】______【T4】______B. The value of these books:—the development of【T5】______【T5】______—the methods of learning —how to investigate our intuition and validate it with evidence—inspiring wonder and respect for【T6】______【T6】______III. The second choice: philosophyA. Teaching us to understand【T7】______【T7】______B. Including:—the classic philosophical works—the great texts of【T8】______【T8】______IV. The third choice: serious fictionA. Great works of fiction: containing more truthB. Fiction:【T9】______ experiences【T9】______C. Serious fiction: containing a lot of philosophy, psychology & historyD. Great fiction: being also【T10】______【T10】______V. The fourth choice:【T11】______【T11】______A. helping us to interpret our own timesB. recognizing modern prejudices and the nature of humanityC. Increasing our self understandingD. Teaching us that ideas and morality are【T12】______【T12】______VI. The last type: poetryA. Producing a feeling of【T13】______ for the power of words【T13】______B. Appreciation of poetry: essential for reading—sharpening language skills-【T14】______【T14】______VII. ResourcesA. No formal set of【T15】______【T15】______B. The Internet1．【T1】正确答案：profitably／／usefully解析：讲座的主题是“5 types of books that can increase intelligence(类能够提高智力的书)”，根据原文“广泛地阅读和有益地阅读是不同的”，可知答案为profitably(也可填意思相近的usefully)。
专业英语八级(新闻听力)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（新闻听力）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.听力原文： A fast-moving wildfire erupted Friday on the main interstate between Southern California and Las Vegas, forcing evacuations of 1,500 homes and the closure of the freeway. By late Friday, firefighters were gaining the upper hand on the fire, allowing officials to lift evacuation orders for half of the homes and reopen the freeway to holiday weekend traffic. The fire began Friday afternoon and quickly grew to 1,100 acres. The fire was fueled by winds up to 15 mph and 90 degrees temperatures, but by evening cooler weather and calmer winds helped firefighters control the blaze, U.S. Forest Service spokesman said. The fire destroyed two mobile homes and damaged two other structures. A firefighter suffered heat exhaustion and another suffered a medical-related injury. By evening, authorities determined it was safe for those who live on the north and west side of the fire to come back. Air quality officials predicted that smoke from the fire would cause problems for people with health sensitivities in the San Bernardino and San Gabriel mountain areas. The South Coast Air Quality Management District urged them to avoid unnecessary outdoor activities. CNN Student News1．Which of the following was a result of the wildfire?A．1500 homes were burned down.B．The freeway was closed.C．Two firefighters were killed.D．1100 acres of forest were burned.正确答案：B解析：细节题。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷323(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷323(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Press conference is an all too familiar phenomenon around us. However, when people start thinking about its advantages, it sometimes seems difficult to think of any that the press conference provides for the competent news reporters. Use of the press conference by public officials and private entrepreneurs helps to give rise to the phrase “pseudo-event”—an event contrived to create news coverage where none has been considered warranted. However, having said that, one value of the news conference by a public official is the symbolic nature of the event, and perhaps this is reason enough to continue the practice. At a press conference a public official supposedly submits to examination by responding to unsolicited and perhaps hostile questions. A related advantage to the reporter is that the press conference affords an opportunity to get a public official “on the record”with regard to government policies. Statements from a press conference can serve as criteria against which subsequent statements and policies are measured. In that regard press conference information may be used as reference points more so than comments reported by a single news medium. Also, when there is a single issue or topic to address, such as a new government programme, an earthquake, or the nomination of a new government minister, the press conference offers benefits of efficiency in that officials can speak to a number of reporters at once on an issue of public concern and interest. The press conference may be at its best in this almost one-way format. Now, let’s move on to the disadvantages. Are there any serious ones? Generally speaking, the press conference format, as it stands, makes it difficult for the reporter to get worthwhile information. At a press conference, particularly a large one, the well-prepared reporter may never get to ask a question and certainly is unlikely to have a chance to ask a follow-up question. Another disadvantage in a press conference comes from the news source, that is the news provider. The news source generally decides who asks the questions, determines the length of the answers, and can avoid any follow-up questions and rephrase tough questions to his or her liking, and sets the time, place, and duration of the interview. Press conferences televised live for the news audience sometimes only highlight the disadvantages for the news reporter, since there is little or no time to challenge, clarify, or place in context materialprovided by the news source. Despite these disadvantages and others inherent in how reporters gather information, the news reporter can help assure that worthwhile information from a news source is shared with the news audience. One way to reduce the likelihood of errors is to use multiple forms of interviewing, by telephone, in person, and at press conferences as well as multiple sources. Common to the success of these approaches, however, are such interrelated ingredients as the preparation of the news reporter, the competence of the news source, and the nature of the questions asked. Let’s look at the preparation first. The nature of much of news coverage requires reporters to be well read on contemporary events. Like other professionals and craftsmen, the reporter must keep up to date on journalistic subject matter, that is the human condition. Although this subject is broad, it offers the advantage that there is little a reporter can read or witness that will not help in covering the news at one time or another. Next, being prepared for an interview includes giving some thought to the competence of the news source. The relationships between news reporters and news sources would benefit the news audience more if reporters would frequently ask themselves what is this news source competent to talk about. What can this person tell the news audience that few others can? Two words of caution regarding issue of competence. First, the reporter should not take for granted that, because of position or experience, the news source who should know does know and can provide information. Second, the competence of the news source needs to be linked with news-gathering methods. Let’s just spend a minute on the first point. There are generally four conditions under which the reporter should not give credence to a news source’s information. One, the source may not know the information the reporter wants. Two, the source may have the information and want to share it but may lack the verbal skills or the concepts to do so. Three, the source may have the desired information but not want to share it or, worse, may lie to avoid sharing information. Last, the source may be willing to share the information but unable to recall it. Now, in addition to preparation of the reporter and competence of the news source, there is one more important ingredient in successful news coverage, that is the nature of the questions asked. It is generally agreed that the nature of the question can shape the nature of the answer. General questions like “Are you for market economy?” may lead to the respondent saying virtually anything and still being rather vague. On the other hand, a too narrow question may limit the respondent to one particular answer only. In order to gather information from news sources as accurately as possible, reporters can improve the questions in the following five ways. Firstly, avoid words with double meanings. Secondly, avoid long questions. Thirdly, specify the time, place, and context you want the respondent to assume. And number four, it is often helpful to ask questions in terms of the respondent’s own immediate and recent experience rather than in generalities. Finally, either make explicit all the alternatives the respondent should have in mind when answering the question or make none of them explicit. Do not lead the news source by suggesting a desired answer and not mentioning other alternatives. OK. To sum up, today’s lecture has covered some of the advantages and disadvantages of the press conference, and three important factors in successful news coverage. In our next lecture, we’ll continue to discuss how tobecome a competent news reporter.The Press Conference I. Advantages of the Press Conference—the event itself having 【T1】______ 【T1】______—the previously-made statements functioning as a 【T2】______ 【T2】______—an 【T3】______ way to break the news to groups of reporters 【T3】______II. Disadvantages of the Press Conference —hard to get worthwhile information due to the 【T4】______ 【T4】______—the news source setting 【T5】______, eg: 【T5】______a)who to ask the questions and the 【T6】______ of the answers are decided 【T6】______b)any 【T7】______ can be avoided 【T7】______c)tough questions can be 【T8】______ 【T8】______d)the time, place and 【T9】______ of the interview are set 【T9】______III. Factors in successful news coverage—preparation: a need to keep up to date on journalistic subject matter—【T10】______ of the news source: needing to be regarded with caution 【T10】______—the nature of the questions asked: 【T11】______ the nature of the answers 【T11】______- five ways to improve the questions:a)using words with 【T12】______ 【T12】______b)avoiding 【T13】______ 【T13】______c)【T14】______ the time, place and context 【T14】______d)asking 【T15】______ questions 【T15】______e)making clear alternatives, or no alternatives in answers 1．【T1】正确答案：symbolic nature解析：讲座提到，官方主持的新闻发布会的其中一个好处在于新闻发布会本身的象征性本质(symbolicnature)，即新闻发布会具有象征性，因此这里应该填入symbolic nature。
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星期2 Tuesday预测试题二In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is(are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Section B InterviewIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following is CORRECT?[A] The man is to advertise for his new book.[B] The man specializes in communication.[C] His talk is about communication techniques.[D] His talk is actually an autobiography.2. The man did all the following EXCEPT ______ to better his presentation performance.[A] consulting some relevant books[B] communicating with good speakers[C] observing the preparation of good speakers[D] doing performance comparison with good speakers3. The man recommends the method of ______ to give a better presentation.[A] practicing it before colleagues[B] recording practice presentation rather than using colleagues[C] asking colleagues to examine the recorded practice presentation[D] learning from other real presentation videos4. Which of the following is NOT what speakers tend to worry about when making a presentation?[A] Too much nervousness.[B] Rude audience.[C] Self diffidence.[D] Equipment failure.5. In the man’s view, the way of really overcoming nervousness is[A] preparing well.[B] relaxing face muscles.[C] concentrating on your recent enjoyments.[D] doing breathing exercises.Section C News BroadcastIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Question 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.6. Which of the following in INCORRECT about the summit on Nuclear Security?[A] It is the biggest international meeting since 1945.[B] More than 50 countries have attended it.[C] It is hosted by the US and called by President Obama.[D] Ukraine has attended the summit.7. The content of the summit is[A] securing stocks of fissile material.[B] highly enriched uranium.[C] plutonium.[D] material terrorists use to build nuclear bombs.Question 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.8. What is the news mainly talking about?[A] A broken well leading to large oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.[B] The high cost of tackling oil spill.[C] Large number of people and boats being sent to help with the oil spill.[D] The high compensation claims the oil company is facing.9. The initially calculated figure of everyday cost is[A] $33m.[B] more than $33m.[C] more than $6.6m.[D] less than $6.6m.Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.10. Which of the following is NOT true about the explosion?[A] It could be heard from more than 8 km away.[B] It caused a woman injured.[C] The bomb was placed next to the wall housing women prisoners.[D] It exploded 20 minutes after the warning was received.W: Welcome to 'Mid Afternoon,' Dr Carter. [1.A]Now, I imagine you're here in Birmingham to promote your recently published book 'The Art of Giving Presentations', Is that right?M: Well, not really, no! In fact the book isn't really recent at all — it came out at the beginning of last year, I'm actually here this week to give a series of talks outlining some ideas I've had since then.W: So are these ideas the basis for your next book?M: Well, it's really too early to talk about that!W: I see, now tell me, [1.B]how did you become involved in this particular area of communication skills?M: Well, many years ago, as a young sales executive, I had to give presentations, but I felt I wasn't doing them very well. My boss never actually criticized me, and my colleagues weren't doing any better than me, but the point was that I didn't feel satisfied with my performance. You see, if I'm doing something, I have to do it well.W: So you decided to do something about improving your performance.M: That's right. [2.A]I tried to find some books to help me but there weren't really any available in those days... so I eventually decided on a totally practical approach: [2.B] [2.C] [2.D]I tried to find out what my problem was by studying the way the best speakers gave presentations, by talking to them, even watching them prepare. Then I compared their performance with mine. W: And what was your main problem? Nervousness? I know that's mine.M: Well I had always thought it was nervousness, and it's true that at the time I had no techniques for dealing with that. But I think audiences accept the fact that speakers get nervous, and it really doesn't matter. No, I discovered that my No. 1 problem was preparation. Nobody had ever told me anything about how to prepare, and I didn't really know how to do it properly. W: And when you realized that, what did you change?M: Well, before, I used to go through the whole presentation in an empty room on my own. The first change in my approach came when I realized it's much more realistic and much more useful to do it in front of two or three colleagues.That way you get some feedback. Otherwise you have no idea whether or not your presentation is effective, or which parts might need further attention.W: Is that the method you recommend now?M: Well, not quite. What I would advise is to make a video of your practice presentation...W: Instead of using colleagues?M: No, [3.C]a recording of your presentation to them. Then it's easier for all of you to go back and see what's wrong and how it can be improved. It's actually much better than recording other people doing real presentations, however good they are.W: So that's the preparation, but are there any factors which make the presentation itself difficult, even if you are prepared?M: Well obviously, yes. [4.B]Some speakers imagine, quite wrongly, that every audience is unfriendly, at least at the beginning. And this affects their performance. [4.C]And then there may be a few people who worry about their lack of experience of public speaking. [4.D]But really what bothers most speakers is things like the OHP and the microphone - are they going to work, and so on.W: Are there any techniques that are effective for overcoming feelings of anxiety?M: Well, first I have to say that some people never manage to reduce their anxiety levels. What they can do is learn to relax their face muscles while they speak, so that they look relaxed, even though they feel just as anxious as before. In order to really reduce anxiety, some experts recommend concentrating on something that you enjoyed recently —but I find this is hopeless... I just forget what I was about to say! [5.D]For me though, what has worked is some simple breathing exercises, breathing in deeply and slowly while making a pause. This definitely slows down the heart rate. That's what I would try first of all.W: Something we can all try — Dr Carter, thank you very much indeed.Section C News BroadcastNews Item 1News Item 2。