天津市河东区2018年高考一模考试
天津市河东区2018年高三一模语文考试试卷天津市河东区2018年高考一模考试第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
2．本试卷12小题，每小题3分，共36分。
除11题，其他每题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
一、(12分)1．下列词语中加点字的读音和字形，全都正确的一组是A．睥睨(nì)懵(měng)懂闭门羹(gēng)畏葸(sī)不前 B．冠(guān)冕忸怩(niè)杀手锏(jiǎn)虚无缥渺（miǎo) C．针灸（jiǔ）忖度(duó)吊(diào)书袋铤(tǐng)而走险D．摈(bìn)弃奔(bèn)命紧箍(gū)咒焚膏继晷(guǐ) 2．依次填入下列横线处的词语，最恰当韵一组是现代人____如陶渊明那般热爱阅读，但却继承了“不求甚解”的这个阅读习惯。
这是一个标题党____的年代，但在对标题党大肆批判之前，如果你仔细研究一下网络新闻下面的评论，你就会意识到，标题党的产生是因为有太多人阅读新闻时，只看到了标题。
不求甚解，____的阅读，正在削弱我们的判断力。
我们急着发表观点，却了事实本身。
A．未必大行其道囫囵吞枣忽视B．未免自行其是园囵吞枣忽略C．未免大行其道得过且过忽视D．未必自行其是得过且过忽略3．下列各句没有语病的一句是A．国家旅游局将针对春节前后的旅游市场秩序重点规范导游执业行为，严厉打击黑导非法执业和强迫消费等各种严重侵害游客的合法权益。
B．“营改增”是我国近年来推出的一项重大税制改革措施，对解决营业税重复征收问题、完善我国税制体系、优化产业结构和扩大经济发展具有重大意义。
C．近日，我国国内首颗私人卫星“风马牛一号”在酒泉卫星发射中心成功发射。
它的长度仅有30厘米，相当于一个鞋盒的大小。
D．高速磁悬浮列车没有轮子和传动机构，运行时与轨道不接触，列车的悬浮、驱动、导向和制动靠的都是利用电磁力来实现的。
4．下列古诗词中记载的中华传统节日，按照农历的先后顺序排列正确的一项是①“但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。
”（北宋苏轼《水调歌头》）②“日暮汉富传蜡烛，轻烟散入五侯家。
”（唐代韩翃《寒食》）③“东风夜放花千树，更吹落，星如雨。
”（南宋辛弃疾《青玉案·元岁》）④“独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。
”（唐代王维《九月九日忆山东兄弟》）A.①③②④B.①②③④C.③④②①D.③②①④二、（9分）阅读下面的文字，完成5-7题。
当我们面对一部文学作品时，首先接触到的是文字。
文字是语言的符号。
语言作为构成文学作品的一个层面，不能仅仅理解为一种单纯的媒介和工具。
在文学作品中，语言的选择、运用和创造，表明了作家的一种独特的思维模式和对事物的一种独特的评价。
文学语言与普通语言有什么不同呢？我们仅就其内向性的特点来讨论一下。
文学的本质特征是审美。
因此，文学的真不属于自然的真。
文学从本来的意义上并不是对一件真实事件或一个真实人物的真实叙述，它是作家创作出来的作用于人的知觉、情感和想象的人类经验。
“这种创造物从科学的立场和从生活实践的立场上看，完全是一种幻觉。
这种创造出来的幻象可以令人联想到真实的事件和真实的地方，就像历史性小说或是描写某一地区风貌的小说可以令人回忆起往事一样。
然而在大多数情况下，这种创造出来的幻想却是一种不受真实事件、地区、行为和人物的约束的自由创造物。
”（苏珊·朗格《艺术问题》）这样，普通生活中的客观世界和文学作品中的艺术世界是不同的。
艺木世界尽管最终来源于客观世界，但又完全不同于客观世界。
艺术世界作为一种幻象，它的逻辑另是一样。
在艺术世界中说得通的东西，在客观世界未必说得通。
反之，在客观世界说得通的东西，在艺术世界未必是合乎逻辑的。
在这两个世界的叉道上，文学语言与普通语言也就分道扬镳了。
普通语言是“外指性”的，而文学语言是“内指性”的。
普通语言指向语言符号以外的现实环境，因此它必须符合现实生活的逻辑，必须经得起客观生活的检验，必须遵守各种形式逻辑的原则。
譬如，如果你的一个朋友见面时问你：“你现在住哪？”你必须回答说：“我住在北京西长安街甲40号”之类，你不能回答说：“我住在天堂”或“我住在地狱”。
文学语言则是具有“内指性”的语言，它指向作品本身的世界，它不必符合现实生活的逻辑，而只须与作品艺术世界相衔接就可以了。
例如，“感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心”，这里的花和鸟，不是指自然界中的花和鸟，自然界中的花不会“溅泪”，鸟也不会“惊心”，这里的花和鸟属于杜甫的诗的世界，它在这诗的世界中合乎情感逻辑就可以了，不必经过动物学家去检验。
杜甫的名句“月是故乡明”，明显地违反客观真实，但因为它不是“外指性”的，而是“内指性”的，因此在诗的世界里它不但说得通，而且深刻地表现了思念故乡的真实感情。
概而言之，文学语言的“内指性”特征，只要求它符合作品的艺术世界的诗意逻辑，而不必经过客观生活的验证。
从这个意义上说文学作品中的语言是“自主符号”，是有一定道理的。
5．下列对文章内容的理解，与原文不相符的一项是A．文学的真不属于自然的真，是作家的一种独特的思维模式的真实表现。
B．文学作品从科学的立场和从生活实践的立场来看，那完全是一种幻觉。
C．文学作品创造的幻象不受真实事件、地区、行为和人物的约束，又可以令人联想到真实的事件和真实的地方，有的还可以令人回忆起往事。
D．自然的真实在文学的真实里不一定合乎逻辑。
6．下列对“外指住”“内指性”相关内容的理解，与原文观点一致的一项是A．“外指性”语言必须遵守现实环境中的各种形式逻辑的原则。
B．“外指性”语言强调语言的单纯媒介和工具作用，因为艺术世界来源于客观世界。
C．“内指性”的文学语言只表现文学作品的艺术世界，不表现客观世界。
D．“内指性”的文学语言，无须经得起客观生活的检验。
它在艺术世界里未必合乎逻辑。
7．下列理解和推断，与原文内容不相符的一项是A．“家住天堂”或“家住地狱”的表述是作家创造出来的作用于人的知觉、情感和想象的人类经验。
B．“感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心”中的“花”和“鸟”是诗人的自我代入，“花”和“鸟”把客观世界和艺术世界相衔接了。
C．“月是故乡明”表述的是诗人对事物的一种独特的评价。
它不是指向实际的外部世界的。
D．文学语言是“自主符号”，作家运用它时，只要能符合文学作品自身的情感逻辑即可。
三、(15分)阅读下面的文言文，完成8-12题。
汉用陈平计，间疏楚君臣，项羽疑范增与汉有私，稍夺其权。
增大怒曰：“天下事大定矣，君王自为之，愿赐骸骨，归卒伍。
”归未至彭城，疽发背死。
苏子曰：“增之去善矣。
不去羽必杀增。
独恨其不早耳。
”然则当以何事去？增劝羽杀沛公不听终以此失天下当于是去耶？曰：“否。
增之欲杀沛公，人臣之分也；羽之不杀，犹有君人之度也。
增曷为以此去哉？《易》曰：‘知几其神乎！’《诗》曰：‘如彼雨雪，先集维霰。
’增之去，当于羽杀卿子冠军时也。
”陈涉之得民也，以项燕、扶苏；项氏之兴也，以立楚怀王孙心；而诸侯叛之也，以弑义帝。
且义帝之立，增为谋主矣。
义帝之存亡，岂独为楚之盛衰，亦增之所与同祸福也；未有义帝亡，而增独能久存者也。
羽之杀卿子冠军①也，是弑义帝之兆也。
其弑义帝，则疑增之本也，岂必待陈平哉？物必先腐也，而后虫生之；人必先疑也，而后谗入之。
陈平虽智，安能间无疑之主哉？方羽杀卿子冠军，增与羽比肩而事义帝，君臣之分未定也。
为增计者，力能诛羽则诛之，不能则去之，岂不毅然大丈夫也哉？增年七十，合则留，不合即去，不以此明去就之分，而欲依羽以成功，陋矣！虽然，增，高帝之所畏也；增不去，项羽不亡。
亦人杰也哉！（苏轼《范增论》，有删节）【注】①卿子冠军：即宋义，“卿子”为人们对他的尊称，“冠军”是他的称号。
8.对下列句中加点词的解释，不正确的一项是A.间疏楚君臣疏：疏远B.增之去善矣善：正确的，好的事C.如彼雨雪雨：降下，落下D．独恨其不早耳恨：遗憾9.下列各组句中加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是A．增之去善矣句读之不知，惑之不解B．当于羽杀卿子冠军时也青，取之于蓝C．以立楚怀王孙心王好战，请以战喻D．增为谋主矣如今人方为刀俎10.文中画波浪线的句子，断句最合理的一项是A．增劝羽杀沛公／羽不听／终以此失天下当／于是去耶B．增劝羽杀沛公／羽不听终／以此失天下／当于是去耶C．增劝羽杀沛公／羽不听／终以此失天下／当于是去耶D．增劝羽杀沛公／羽不听终以此／失天下当／于是去耶11.文中哪些内容表露出范增不是一个“见微知著”的人？（3分）12．下列对原文的理解与分析，不恰当的一项是A．宋义被杀，说明项羽已背叛了义帝，当然也不会相信主张立义帝的人。
B．早在陈平使用离间计之前，项羽就已经怀疑范增了。
C．义帝的生死不但影响了楚国的兴衰，而且也对范增的命运起了决定的作用。
D．苏轼认为范增离开项羽是明智的选择，离开的最佳时机应该是在项羽杀掉宋义的时候。
第Ⅱ卷注意事项：1．用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。
2．本试卷共10小题，共114分。
四、(21分)13.将文言文阅读材料中划横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
（8分）(1)天下事大定矣，君王自为之，愿赐骸骨，归卒伍。
（3分）(2)陈平虽智，安能间无疑之主哉？（2分）(3)方羽杀卿子冠军，增与羽比肩而事义帝，君臣之分未定也。
（3分）14．阅读下面两首诗，按要求作答。
（8分）送人之常德萧立之①秋风原头桐叶飞，幽篁翠冷山鬼啼。
海图②拆补儿女衣，轻衫笑指秦人溪。
秦人得知晋以前，降唐臣宋谁为言。
忽逢桃花照溪源，请君停篙莫回船。
编蓬便结溪上宅，采桃为薪食桃实。
山林黄尘三百尺，不用归来说消息。
【注】①萧立之（1203年～？）原名立等，字斯立，号冰崖，宁都（今属江西）人。
宋理宗淳祐十年（1250年）进士，南昌推官，通判辰州，南宋危急时期，参与保卫本朝的战争；南宋亡后，对元代的统治极端憎恶，遂而归隐。
②海图就是绘有海水图案的绢幅。
出自杜甫的诗《北征》“床前两小女，补绽才过膝；海图坼波涛，旧绣移曲折。
”意思说穷得没有布替小孩子裁衣服，只好把绘画海水的绢幅也剪碎了贴补进去。
(1)这首诗运用了多种艺术手法，请任选两种进行赏析。
（4分）(2)请结合“请君停篙莫回船”“不用归来说消息”的诗意分析诗人所表达的情感。
（4分）15.补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。
（5分）(1)无边落木萧萧下，。
（杜甫《登高》）(2)昆山玉碎凤凰叫，。
（李贺《李凭箜篌引》）(3) ，徒以吾两人在也。
（司马迁《廉颇蔺相如列传》）(4) ，秋水共长天一色。
（王勃《滕王阁序》）(5)想当年，金戈铁马，。
（辛弃疾《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》）五、(21分)阅读下面的文章，完成16-19题。
永远欠一顿饭刘亮程现在我还不知道那顿没吃饱的晚饭对我今后的人生有多大影响。
天津市河东区2018高三一模试题解析
河东区2018高三一模文综政治1、【答案】A【命题立意】本题考查生产与消费的关系。
【解析】①正确，享有三天的试驾体验，车主可以在这个时间段考虑是否购买此车。
说明“天猫汽车超市”的推出有利于提升消费体验，促进传统商业模式创新；②正确，只需要通过手机进行下单，然后通过支付宝完成付款，再到天猫汽车超市进行提车即可，全程没有任何导购员或服务员。
说明“天猫汽车超市”的推出有利于降低零售经营成本，提高商品和资金流动效率。
③不符合题意，材料所述并没有去除商品流通中间环节，实现直接交换。
④错误，劳动者在生产力发展中起决定性作用。
故选：A。
2、【答案】B【命题立意】本题考查全面提高开放型经济水平；经济全球化【解析】①③符合题意，根据题意，“金砖实践”有利于建设开放型世界经济体系，促进贸易和投资自由化、便利化；推动经济全球化朝开放、包容、普惠、平衡、共贏方向发展；②表述错误，“金砖实践”并不能化解全球金融风险和保障发展中国家的经济稳定与安全；④不符合题意，世贸组织提供解决各国贸易摩擦的场所，实现要素的有序、自由流动，故排除；故选：B。
3、【答案】D【命题立意】本题考查：收入分配的社会公平【解析】扩大中等收入者的数量可以缩小社会总体的收入差距，实现社会公平，从而提高社会总体消费水平，②③④符合题意。
我国的基本分配制度不是扩大中等收入者数量的原因，①不符合题意。
4、【答案】C【命题立意】本题考查政府的职能。
【解析】材料中统筹全国养老保险属于政府的社会职能，蓝天保卫战属于生态文明职能，高中和高等教育属于政府的文化建设职能，①③④符合题意。
②说法错误，为人民服务是政府的宗旨。
5、【答案】B【命题立意】本题考查全面推进依法治国【解析】为国歌立法国歌的尊严和权威将受到法律的保护,做到了有法可依,有利于维护国家尊严,提升公民的国家观念和爱国意识,有利于增加公民的责任感和使命感，①②④符合题意; ③错误,全国人大具有最高立法权; 所以B选项是正确的.6、【答案】D【命题立意】本题考查新型民族关系及处理民族关系的原则【解析】①表述错误，我国平等、团结、互助、和谐的社会主义新型民族关系早已建立；②表述错误，西藏新疆人民的自身努力是西藏新疆繁荣稳定的关键；③④符合题意，天津市高度重视，积极做好国家扶贫援藏援疆工作是因为国家的强盛需要各民族共同繁荣，民族共同繁荣是民族平等、民族团结的物质保证；故选：D。
2018年天津市河东区高考一模物理试卷及答案
河东区 2018 年高考一模考试理综试卷（物理部分）理科综合能力测试分为物理、化学、生物三部分，共300分，考试用时150分钟。
物理试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷两部分，第Ⅰ卷1至3页，第Ⅱ卷4至7页，共120分。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号涂写在答题纸上。
答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题纸上，答在试卷上的无效。
第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1．每小题选出答案后，把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。
2．本卷共8题，每题6分，共48分。
一、单项选择题（每小题6分，共30分。
每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是正确的）1．下列说法正确的是A．电场随时间变化时一定产生电磁波B．太阳辐射的能量主要来自太阳内部的核裂变反应C．原子核发生一次β衰变，该原子外层就失去一个电子D．按照玻尔理论，氢原子核外电子从半径较小的轨道跃迁到半径较大的轨道时，电子的动能减小，原子总能量增加2．如图所示，T是理想变压器，原线圈上接有正弦交变电压，且电压的有效值保持不变。
其中R0是定值电阻，R 是滑动变阻器。
设原线圈的电流为I1，输入功率为P1，副线圈的电流为I2，输出功率为P2，当滑动变阻器的滑片P向上滑动时，下列判断正确的是A．I1减小，P1增大B．I1减小，P1减小C．I2增大，P2减小D．I2增大，P2增大3．如图甲所示，滑雪爱好者从静止沿山坡匀加速滑下，在水平雪面上匀减速滑行一段距离停止，沿山坡下滑的距离比在水平雪面上滑行的距离大，n1 n2R0RPT图甲PQ●●斜面与水平雪面平滑连接。
图乙中，x 、v 、a 、F 分别表示滑雪爱好者位移大小、速度大小、加速度大小以及所受合力大小。
则图乙中正确的是4．如图所示，直线表示匀强电场的电场线，曲线表示某带电粒子在只受电场力作用下的运动轨迹。
P 、Q 是轨迹上的两点，且Q 点位于P 点的右下方，下列判断正确的是 A ．粒子一定带正电B ．P 点的电势一定高于Q 点的电势C ．粒子在Q 点的电势能一定大于在P 点的电势能D ．对于粒子在P 、Q 两点时的动能比较，若粒子从P 点向Q 点运动，则P 点时的动能较大；若从Q 点向P 点运动，则P 点时的动能较小5．已知地球的半径为R ，地球表面的重力加速度为g ，环绕地球运行的一颗人造地球卫星的线速度为v ，则下列说法正确的是A ．地球的第一宇宙速度小于vB ．该卫星的轨道半径为v 2gR 2C ．该卫星的运行周期为2πgR 2v 3D ．该卫星的向心加速度为v 2gR2二、不定项选择题（每小题6分，共18分。
2018年天津市河东区高考一模历史试卷及答案
河东区高三一模试卷文科综合历史部分文科综合共300分，考试用时150分钟。
历史试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，第I卷 1 至 3 页，第II卷 4 至 6 页，共100分。
答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号涂写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。
答卷时，考生务必将答案填写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
祝各位考生考试顺利！第I卷注意事项：1. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把历史答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
2. 本卷共11题，每题4分，共44分。
在每题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的。
1．参见右图，书中作者认为“中国政治之长进，即在政府渐渐脱离王室而独立化，王室代表贵族特权之世袭，政府代表平民合理之进退，而宰相为政府领袖，君权、相权，互为节制。
”与作者观点相符的历史时期是①春秋、战国②隋、唐③宋、元④明、清 A．①②③ B．②③ C．②③④ D．②④2．清朝末期，商店门前往往贴出这样的对联：“经营不让陶朱富，货殖何妨子贡贤。
”这表明在当时A．士商地位完全平等B．鄙视“货殖功利” C．重农抑商观念废弃D．崇尚“富而好礼”3．苏格拉底提出“美德即知识”并提出美德一定要践行，孔子提出“礼”与“仁”的道德规范。
其共同点是A．重视智慧发展 B．关注理性思考 C．强调道德素养 D．强调等级秩序4．有数字统计，1760—1780年，英国农业增长率为每年0．1%；1780—1801年则为0．8%，同期英国国内生产总值年增长率为1．4%，工业年增长率为2%。
这说明当时英国A．实现农村剩余劳动力转移 B．工业化促进了农业的发展C ．农业在经济中的地位下降D ．形成有机联系的国内市场5．美国1787年宪法起草后，又补充了十条修正案。
1791年12月15日，附有十条修正案的宪法在13个州均获得批准。
最新--天津市河东区高三第一次模拟考试文科综合试题及
天津市河东区2018届高三第一次模拟考试
文综试题
天津市河东区2018届高三第一次模拟考试文综地理
一、单项选择题（共44分）
图1为蒙古国水系分布和七月气温分布图。
读图完成1、2题。
1.下列描述正确的是
A．图中①地的 7 月均温可能为 18℃
B．图中②地的自然带为高山草甸
C．图中②地的自然带为温带落叶阔叶林带
D．图中①地的 7 月均温可能为 10℃
2．从图中信息可以推断该国
A．年降水量南多北少 B．常年受副热带高气压带的控制
C．东南部地势起伏大 D.水汽主要来自北冰洋
图2是某地区水系分布图，图3是甲河流流域某一水位站，在2008年7月18日至20日的水文曲线图。
读图完成3、4题。
图2
图3。
2018年天津市河东区高考一模理科数学试卷及答案
河 东 区 2018 年 高 考 一 模 考 试数学试卷（理工类）本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共150分，考试用时120分钟.第Ⅰ卷1至2页，第Ⅱ卷3至6页.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号涂写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。
答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
祝各位考生考试顺利！第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共40分）注意事项：1. 每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
2.本题共8个小题，每小题5分，共40分.每小题给出的四个选项只有一个符合题目要求.1．复数2()2iz i i -=+为虚数单位在复平面内对应的点所在象限为（ ） A ．第一象限 B ．第二象限 C ．第三象限 D ．第四象限 2．已知变量x y ,满足约束条件21110x y x y y ,,.⎧+≥⎪-≤⎨⎪-≤⎩ 则2z x y =-的最大值为（ ） A ． －3 B ． 0 C ．1 D ．3 3．某程序框图如图1所示，则输出的结果S =（ ） A ．26 B ．57 C ．120 D ．247 4．函数()|2|ln f x x x =--在定义域内的零点的个数为（ ） A ．0 B ．1 C ．2 D ．3 5．下列说法正确的是个数为（ ） ① 1=a 是直线0=-ay x 与直线0=+ay x 互相垂直的充要条件 ② 直线12π=x 是函数)62sin(2π-=x y 的图象的一条对称轴 ③ 已知直线l ：20x y ++=与圆C ：22(1)(1)2x y -++=，则圆心C 到直线l 的距离是④ 若命题P ：“存在∈0x R ，01020>--x x ”，则命题P 的否定：“任意R x ∈，012≤--x x ”A ．1B ．2C ．3D ．46．已知双曲线22221x y a b -=的渐近线方程为y =，则以它的顶点为焦点，焦点为顶点的椭圆的离心率等于（ ）A ．12 BC． D ．17．在R 上定义运算).1(:y x y x -=⊗⊗若对任意2x >，不等式()2x a x a -⊗≤+都成立，则实数a 的取值范围是（ ）A ．17,⎡⎤-⎣⎦B ．(3,⎤-∞⎦C ．(7,⎤-∞⎦D ．()17,,⎤⎡-∞-+∞⎦⎣8．若直角坐标系内A 、B 两点满足：（1）点A 、B 都在f （x ）的图像上；（2）点A 、B 关于原点对称，则称点对（A ，B ）是函数f （x ）的一个“姊妹点对”（点对（A ，B ）与（B ，A ）可看作一个“姊妹点对”。
天津市河东区2018届高三第一次模拟考试 英语试题(有答案)
河东区 2018届一模第I卷（选择题共95分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）1. —I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow.—.A. I really envy youB. Glad to hear thatC. Sounds greatD. Take it easy2. In recent years, Chinese arts have won the of a lot of people outside China.A. reputationB. enjoymentC. appreciationD. entertainment3. —Got your driving license?—No. I too busy to have enough practice, so I didn’t take the driving test last week.A. wasB. amC. have beenD. had been4. This film is very with young people, which tells a really romantic story.A. familiarB. popularC. similarD. particular5. who are able to work through the struggle .are the who are going to be successful.A. Someone; oneB. Anyone; one C He; ones D. Those; ones6. It was warm and nice that evening. I stayed awake until eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.A. on averageB. on purposeC. on businessD. on time7. Playing with the foreign visitors, my cousin is beginning to several different languages.A. pick upB. pick outC. turn upD. show out8. The president stood by a window inside the room, I entered, looking over the square.A. whereB. into whichC. whichD. that9. Mike is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does his boss.A. servesB. satisfiesC. promisesD. supports10. He let me write down his instructions sure that I would know what was after he went away.A. making; doingB. making; to doC. to make; to doD. to make; to be done11. Jane’s success lies in the fact she is so co-operative and eager to learn from others.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. why12. Seeing the policemen coming, away immediately, leaving the things they’d just stolen.A. the thieves ranB. did the thieves runC. the thieves runD. ran the thieves13. — Tom, do you enjoy your present job?—. I just do it for a living.A. Of courseB. Not reallyC. Not likelyD. that’s all right14. I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise, I you waiting for such a long time.A. had not keptB. will not keepC. would not have keptD. have not kept15. My mother is always warning me when I go out, “Don’t get off the bus it is stopping.”A. untilB. whileC. beforeD. after第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分.满分30分）He was 11 years old and went fishing every chance he got from the dock at his family’s cabin on an island in the middle of a New Hampshire lake.On the day before the bass season opened, he and his father were fishing early in the evening,16 sunfish and perch with worms. Then he tied on a small lure and practiced casting. The lure17 the water and caused colored ripples (涟漪，细浪) in the sunset, then 18 ripples as the moon rose over the lake.When his fishing rod doubled over, he knew something 19 was on the other end. His father watched with 20 as the boy skillfully worked the fish alongside the dock.Finally, he carefully lifted the 21 fish from the water. It was the largest one he had ever seen, but it was a bass.The boy and his father looked at the handsome fish, gills (鳃) playing back and forth in the 22 . The father lit a match and looked at the watch. It was 10 p.m.—two hours 23 the season opened. He looked at the fish, then at the boy.“You’ll have to 24 , son.” he said.“Dad!” cried the boy.“There will be other fish.” said his father.“Not as big as this one.” cried the boy.He looked around the lake. No other fishermen or boats were anywhere around in the moonlight. He looked again at his father. Even though no one had seen them, 25 could anyone ever know what time he caught the fish, the boy could 26 by the clarity of his father’s vo ice that the decision was not negotiable (可协商的). He slowly pulled the 27 out of the lip of the huge fish and 28 it into the black water.The creature swished its powerful body and disappeared. The boy 29 that he would never again see such a great fish.That was 34 years ago. Today, the boy is a successful architect in New York City. And he was right. He has never again caught such a magnificent fish 30 the one that was set free by him that night long ago. But he does see that same fish 31 ----every time he 32 against a question of ethics.For, as his father taught him, ethics are simple 33 of right and wrong. 34 is only the practice of ethics that is difficult. Do we do right when no one is looking? We would 35 we were taught to put the fish back when we were young.16. A. catching B. drawing C. trapping D. expecting17. A. met B. struck C. knocked D. attacked18. A. golden B. silver C. black D. blue19. A. light B. slim C. small D. huge20. A. decision B. instruction C. admiration D. celebration21. A. lively B. living C. exhausted D. dead22. A. moonlight B. sun C. wind D. lake23. A. when B. since C. after D. before24. A. pull it up B. speed it up C. put it back D. bring it back25. A. not B. nor C. and D. or26. A. receive B. believe C. organize D. tell27. A. worm B. hook C. boat D. match28. A. lowered B. lifted C. watched D. changed29. A. expected B. admitted C. complained D. suspected30. A. that B. when C. as D. because31. A. once again B. again and again C. all the time D. in the end32. A. comes up B. catches up C. makes up D. rings up33. A. information B. advice C. matters D. messages34. A. It B. He C. The right D. The wrong35. A. even if B. though C. unless D. if第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）AVisitor Code of ConductPlease help us maintain a. healing environment for our patient. Visiting hours and policies vary throughout the hospital. Please ask a staff member about the policy on the unit you wish to visit. We ask that you comply with the following visitor rules:• Do not visit if you are sick (fever, cough, sore throat, nausea, or vomiting) or have been exposed to chicken pox (水痘) or other contagious (传染的) illness within the past three weeks.• Clean your hands each time you enter and leave the patient’s room.• Follow isolation precautions (隔离预防措施) that are posted on the patient’s door.• You must wear shoes and shirts at all t imes. Clothing must be clean and neat.• Visitors are limited to two per patient each time.• Do not use waiting rooms on a unit if you are not visiting a patient in that unit.• Waiting rooms are not for overnight stays.• Children must have adult supervi sion (监护) at all times and must be respectful of the hospital’s healing environment. Some units do not allow children’s visiting.You will be asked to leave for violating (违反) any of the above rules or for the followings:• Your behavior creates a risk to patients, families or staff.• You appear to be ill.• You refuse to follow isolation precautions.• You are not respectful or considerate of others.• You fail to supervise children.If you believe someone is violating these rules, or you need assistance, please notify security by dialing 7363 on the hospital phones or 813-844-7363 on your mobile phone. Security is available at all times.Waiting areas are monitored at all times by a security video camera.36. The underlined phrase “comply with” in Paragra ph 1 probably means .A. obeyB. studyC. discoverD. pass37. According to the passage, you should before you visit a unit in the hospital.A. make an appointmentB. ask permission from the doctorC. check the visiting policyD. ring up the patient first38. If a child wants to visit the patient, he/she should .A. stay at the waiting room of any unitB. be supervised at all timesC. refuse to follow isolation precautionsD. create a new environment for patients39. According to the code, visitors are allowed to .A. touch patient equipmentsB. visit patients in group of twoC. stay overnight in the waiting roomD. change into slippers in the patient room40. What can be concluded from the text?A. Children can go to visit patients by themselves.B. If you seem to be ill, you can still visit the patients unless it is contagious.C. Visitors who violate the rules will not be allowed to visit again.D. You can ask for security’s help at any time.BWhen I arrived at university, I had nothing in my bank account but was given a brand new overdraft (透支). I’d never had one before. So it was very excited to spend money on shopping, nights out, and all the junk food my mum had never let me eat. I managed to max out (达到最高限度) my account within three months and suddenly life wasn’t so much fun.I spent the last two weeks before Easter on a diet of porridge and became self-loathing (自我憎恨的) and I also blamed Asda (阿斯达超市) for all the two-for-one deals I couldn’t resist. Now I’m working full-time to repay my debts. I’m also setting up a separate bank account for my student loan to go into to cover rent and bills. So I’ll be able to keep an eye on my spending.With a lot of hard work and saving over the holidays I’m hoping that I’ll be in better financial shape for next year. After my experience in halls — being kept awake until 4 a.m. and work surfaces permanently covered in mind —I’m looking forward to moving into a house with friends. The partying and social life i n halls are fantastic, but sometimes you’re put wit h people you don’t get on with, and it’s hard to cope with that. It helped me to stay strong, but I wish I had stood up to them rather than felt bullied.I had a really bad time in my first year, which is why I’m going to make the most of universitynext year. I’m going to balance work with a social life, hit Freshers’ week hard and join some societies. With university handing me so many opportunities on a plate, I want to take up as many as I can and enjoy myself.41. The author could do so much shopping as a freshman because .A. she was permitted to overdraft from the bankB. her parents sent her money through the bankC. she wanted to max out her accountD. she could work full-time42. What can we infer from the second paragraph about the author?A. She enjoyed eating porridge for her meals.B. She had to work to pay for her education fee.C. She regretted spending so much money on shopping.D. She wanted to borrow more money for shopping.43. From this text we can see that the author .A. gained a lot of money through workingB. didn’t get on well with her workmatesC. felt bullied by her friendsD. worked and slept in a bad condition44. The author made up her mind to next year.A. make good use of her university lifeB. find a better jobC. take up more platesD. form some organizations45. The author mainly introduces her in the passage.A. opportunities at first year of universityB. freshman experiences at universityC. working experiences at universityD. thoughts on her daily SpendingCMost people may think that people who write computer code must be good at math and logical thinking. However, people who write computer code say that creativity is also an important quality for coding.Software developers in the American state of California have created a game called Osmo Coding Jam. The game is designed to help children use the creative side of their minds as they learn to code. Children can play the game on iPads. There are many activities they can do by the game.Tanya Dodge is the mother of two children, nine-year-old Dylan and his 11-year-old sister Meghan, who play the game. According to her, these activities give them important skills for the future. “It’s an analytical skill that the kids are going to need to have as they grow up today” said Dodge.But the developers of Osmo Coding Jam believe writing code should be more than just an analytical skill. “We want to explore the creative side of coding that I think is often not as explored,” said Felix Hu, an Osmo engineer. Hu added, “The coolest part is that we’re teaching kids how to be creative with code and that’s a really important thing that kids should get comfor table with because coding is creative.”Hu also sees a growing number of parents who feel that software code is a second language thatchildren need to learn to succeed in future jobs. Tanya Dodge, the mother of Dylan and Meghan, consents. She said, “I think you’re going to have to understand at some point the idea of coding will work well in the fu ture.”Hu also explained that very often kids grow up not understanding how a computer works or just thinking that it’s like a magical machine. He said by breaki ng it down to a lower level, kids can understand that the computer isn’t as smart as they think it is.46. Osmo Coding Jam is designed for .A. training kids’ logical thinkingB. helping kids learn to code fastC. helping children learn math wellD. helping kids become more creative47. What does Tanya Dodge think of Osmo Coding Jam?A. It needs to be improved.B. It is highly addictive for kids.C. It is of great help to today’s kids.D. It is imperfect in training kids’ anal ytical skill.48. Which of the following statements is True according to the text?A. Tanya Dodge agrees that coding is good for children to succeed in future jobs.B. Many parents doubts whether coding will help children work well in the future.C. Creativity is not so important as logical thinking for coding.D. Tanya Dodge has two girls, who play the game, Osmo Coding Jam.49. What can we know about kids’ learning coding from the last paragraph?A. It makes them much more confident and creative.B. It makes them like using computers more.C. It helps them know better about computers.D. It helps them know better about themselves.50. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To tell how to learn to code well.B. To tell about a new game for kids.C. To encourage kids to learn to code.D. To show the importance of creativity.DThe health of millions could be at risk because supplies of medicinal plants are being used up. These plants are used to make traditional medicine, inclu ding drugs to fight cancer. “The loss of medicinal plants is a quiet disaster,” says Sara Oldfield, secretary general of the NGO Botanic Gardens Conservation International.Most people worldwide rely on herbal (药草制的) medicines which are got mostly from wild plants. But some 15,000 of the 50,000 medicinal species are under threat of dying out, according to report from the international conservation group Plantlife. Shortages have been reported in China, India, Kenya, Nepal, Tanzania and Uganda.Over-harvesting does the most harm, though pollution and competition from invasive species (入侵物种) and habita t destruction all contribute. “Businessmen generally harvest medicinal plants, not caring about sustainability (可持续性),” the Plantlife report says, “damage is serious partly because they have no idea about it, but it is mainly because such collection is unorganized.” Medicinal trees at risk include the Himalayan yew (紫衫) and the African cherry, which are used to treat some cancers.The solution, says the report’s author, Alan Hamilton, is to encourage local people to protect these plants. Ten projects studied by Plantlife in India, Pakistan, China, Nepal, Uganda and Kenya showed this method can succeed. In Uganda, the project has kept a sustainable supply of low-cost cancer treatments, and in China a public-run medicinal plant project has been created for the first time.”“Improving health, earning an income and keeping cultural traditions are important in encouraging peo ple to protect medicinal plants,” says Hamilton, “You have to pay attention to what people are interested in.”Ghillean Prance, the former director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew in London, agrees that medicinal plants are in need of protection. “Not nearly enough is being done,” he told New Scientist. “We are destroying the very plants that are of most use to us.”51. From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that .A. millions of people are threatened with-cancerB. most countries see a shortage of herbal medicinesC. about two thirds of medicinal species will disappearD. a number of medicinal species are in danger of extinction52. The major factor that causes the decreasing of supplies of medicinal plants is .A. pollutionB. habitat destructionC. over-harvestingD. invasive species53. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to .A. over-harvestingB. sustainabilityC. other species’ invasionD. pollution54. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Protecting medicinal plants has a long way to go.B. Ghillean Prance is optimistic about medicinal plants’ future.C. Local people don’t know how to protect medicinal plants.D. China has made great progress in protecting medicinal plants.55. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Low-cost Cancer TreatmentB. The Importance of SustainabilityC. Medicinal Plants on Verge of ExtinctionD. Sustainable Development of the Environment第Ⅱ卷（非选择题共35分）第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）Before she was crowned (加冕) Miss Amazing National in Chicago, US, Vanessa Cleary had never thought of herself as a beauty pageant (选美) competitor.Yet the way in which Vanessa told the story of her birth mother’s struggle to help her with her disabilities and the positive impact her adoption had on her life helped her win over the judges last month. After the pageant, in which she took top honors in the junior teen division, the 15- year-old girl said she’s looking forward to telling her friends about her experience so they can join in as well. “I want everyone to have the experience I had,” Vanessa said. “It was really fun and I really enjoyedit.”Miss Amazing is a pageant for girls with learning disabilities. In the ten years since it began, 1700 girls with disabilities have benefited from it. The pageant is designed to help the girls who participate to build sisterhoods, develop life skills, and increase visibility for those in the disabled community.The main event of the pageant is the stage performance, in which participants get to showcase a talent of their choice. When Vanessa’s mother first heard about Miss Amazing, she thought the pageant would be a great opportunity for Vanessa to showcase her skill for public speaking. Vanessa wants to be a teacher to teach other students who have disabilities like her.Vanessa’s vision and hearing is impaired, and she has a disability that makes reading difficult for her. Despite this, she is very active and loves public speaking. For Vanessa, it wasn’t about winning the pageant. It was about the opportunity for her to participate and feel supported.56. Who is Vanessa Cleary? (within 15 words)57. What’s the aim of the pageant? (within 20 words).58. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “impaired”? (within 5 words)59. What is Vanessa’s talent show in the pageant? (within 5 w ords)60. What do you think is the most important for Vanessa to win this year’s Miss Amazing pageant? (within 15 words)第二节:书面表达（满分25分）61. 假如你是李津。
天津市河东区2018年高考一模语文试卷(含详细答案)
天津市河东区2018年高考一模考试语文试卷本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，总分150分。
考试时间150分钟。
答题时，将第Ⅰ卷选择题答案填涂在答题卡上，将第Ⅰ卷的11题和第Ⅱ卷答案用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔填写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。
第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
2．本试卷12小题，每小题3分，共36分。
除11题，其他每题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
一、(12分)1．下列词语中加点字的读音和字形，全都正确的一组是A．睥睨(nì) 懵(měn g)懂闭门羹(gēn g) 畏葸(sī)不前B．冠(g uān)冕忸怩(niè) 杀手锏(jiǎn) 虚无缥渺（miǎo)C．针灸（jiǔ）忖度(duó) 吊(diào)书袋铤(tǐn g)而走险D．摈(bìn)弃奔(bèn)命紧箍(gū)咒焚膏继晷(g uǐ)2．依次填入下列横线处的词语，最恰当韵一组是现代人____如陶渊明那般热爱阅读，但却继承了“不求甚解”的这个阅读习惯。
这是一个标题党____的年代，但在对标题党大肆批判之前，如果你仔细研究一下网络新闻下面的评论，你就会意识到，标题党的产生是因为有太多人阅读新闻时，只看到了标题。
不求甚解，____的阅读，正在削弱我们的判断力。
我们急着发表观点，却了事实本身。
A．未必大行其道囫囵吞枣忽视B．未免自行其是园囵吞枣忽略C．未免大行其道得过且过忽视D．未必自行其是得过且过忽略3．下列各句没有语病的一句是A．国家旅游局将针对春节前后的旅游市场秩序重点规范导游执业行为，严厉打击黑导非法执业和强迫消费等各种严重侵害游客的合法权益。
B．“营改增”是我国近年来推出的一项重大税制改革措施，对解决营业税重复征收问题、完善我国税制体系、优化产业结构和扩大经济发展具有重大意义。
C．近日，我国国内首颗私人卫星“风马牛一号”在酒泉卫星发射中心成功发射。
生物-天津市河东区2018年高考一模试卷
天津市河东区2018年高考一模试卷第Ⅰ卷.在每题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的。
1.下列关于蓝藻和酵母菌的叙述，错误的是A.蓝藻没有叶绿体，但在生态系统中属于生产者B.蓝藻的遗传信息在细胞核中转录，在细胞质中翻译C.酵母菌具有线粒体，呼吸产生的终产物可通过自由扩散运出细胞D.酵母菌细胞具有生物膜系统，有利于细胞代谢有序进行2.下列有关组成细胞的分子的叙述正确的是A.细胞中的糖类、脂质、蛋白质、核酸共有的元素是C、H、O、NB.蛋白质分子中的N元素主桌存在于氨基中，核酸分子中的N元素主要存在于碱基中C.磷脂和胆囿醇均属于组成动物细胞膜的脂质D.细胞中DNA结构的异同决定了细胞结构和功能的异同3.微藻A和微藻B可以利用营养盐（K2HP04）进行生长。
图甲为单独培养时的生长情况；图乙为两种微藻对营养离子的利用情况；图丙为混合培养时的结果。
下面相关叙述错误的是A.图丙的结果与所提供的营养离子浓度无关B.单独培养两种微藻，其生长符合“S”型曲线C.估算微藻的数量可采用抽样检测法D.两种微藻在利用营养离子上存在竞争关系4.下列为某哺乳动物细胞分裂过程中核DNA和染色体数量变化的坐标图（甲）和细胞的部分生命活动示意图（乙)。
下列叙述正确的是A.在图甲中，如果在A点时全部核DNA己用放射性同位素标记，而其后过程中所用的原料B.不含放射性同位素，则在GH段可检测到有放射性的脱氧核苷酸链占全部核苷酸链的75%C.图乙中d细胞形成f细胞的过程称为细胞分化。
如果e细胞变成了癌细胞，根本原因产生了原癌基因D.图甲中③阶段包括受精作用和减数分裂过程5.基因的自由组合发生在图乙g细胞中，b、c细胞中各含有2、4个染色体组。
雄性哺乳动物Y染色上含有特异性H-Y抗原基因和SRY基因。
以下方法不可以用作早期胚胎性别鉴定的手段是A.利用H-Y单克隆抗体进行检测B.利用B超技术进行检测鉴定C.可以制备SRY基因探针进行检测D.胚胎滋养层取部分细胞进行PCR鉴定6.胰岛素可以改善脑神经元的生理功能，其调节机理如图所示。
天津市河东区2018届高三数学第一次模拟试题 理 新人教
2018届河东一模（理）一．选择题1．复数3)2)(1(ii i ++-=等于（ ） A ．i +1 B. i --1 C. i 31+ D. i 31-- 2．下图是一个几何体的三视图，根据图中数据，可得该几何体的表面积是（ ）A ．π9 B. π10 C. π11 D. π123．如果二次函数)3(2+++=m mx x y 有两个不同的零点，则m 的取值范围是（ ）A ．)6,2(- B. []6,2- C. ()()+∞-∞-,62, D.{}6,2-4．双曲线112422=-y x 的焦点到渐近线的距离为（ ） A ． 32 B. 2 C. 3 D. 15．等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和为321,2,4,a a a S n 且成等差数列，若,11=a 则=4S （ ）A ． 7 B. 8 C. 15 D. 166．命题A ：()a ，B A a x x x 则的充分不必要条件是若：命题,0)(2B ,31<++<-的取值范围是( )A. ()∞+，4B. [)∞+，4C. ()4-∞-，D.(]4-∞-，7．如图，在△ABC 中，AB=AC=4，BC=6，以AB 为直径的圆交BC 于点D ，过点D 作该圆的切线，交AC 于点E ，则CE=（ ）A. 7B.49 C. 9D. 38．已知3.0log 6.3log 4.3log 342)51(,5,5===c b a ，则（ ）A. c b a <<B. a c b <<C. b a c <<D.c a b <<第II 卷二. 填空题9．一支田径队有男运动员48人，女运动员36人，若用分层抽样的方法从该队的全体运动员中抽取一个容量为21的样本，则抽取男运动员的人数为_____.10．阅读右侧程序框图，该程序输出的结果是__________.11．已知函数)()(),()(,,)10(10)100(lg )(ab f x f b f a f b a x x x x x f ≤=≠⎩⎨⎧>+-≤<=则且若的解集为__________. 12．已知61⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+x ax 的展开式中常数项为-160，那么.________=a 13．若圆0:0104422=+=---+by ax l y x y x 直线上至少有三个不同点到的距离为22，则直线l 的斜率的取值范围为_________.14．若等边三角形ABC 的边长为CA CB CM M 3261,32+=满足平面内一点则.__________=⋅三. 解答题15．已知函数).4sin()4sin(sin )tan 11()(2ππ-+++=x x m x x x f （1）当m=0时，求⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡43,8)(ππ在区间x f 上的取值范围； （2）当；m ，f 的值求时,53)(2tan ==αα16．袋中共有10个大小相同的编号为1，2，3的球，其中1号球有1个，2号球有m 个，3号球有n 个，从袋中依次摸出2个球，已知在第一次摸出3号球的前提下，再摸出一个2号球的概率是.31（1）求m , n 的值；（2）从袋中任意摸出2个球，设得到小球的编号数之和为ξ，求随机变量ξ的分布列和数学期望;ξE17．如图，四棱锥S-ABCD 的底面是矩形，SA ⊥底面ABCD ，P 为BC 边的中点，SB 与平面ABCD 所成的角为 45，且AD=2，SA=1。
天津市河东区2018届高考一模化学试题(含答案)
河东区2018 年高考一模考试理综试卷（化学部分）化学分第Ⅰ卷、第Ⅱ卷，第Ⅰ卷1至2页，第Ⅱ卷3至6页，满分100分。
答卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试条形码。
答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题共36 分）本卷可能用到的相对原子质量：C:12 Cl:35.5 H:1 O:16 N:14 Cu:63.5本题包括6小题，每小题6分，共36分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意1．下列关于自然界中氮循环（如右图）的说法不正确．．．的是A．人工固氮可以得到硝酸盐B．雷电作用可将氮气直接转化为铵盐C．细菌对氮元素的循环有重要作用D．亚硝酸盐转化为硝酸盐的过程中，氮元素被氧化2．一般情况下，前者无法决定后者的是A．原子核外电子排布——元素在周期表中的位置B．弱电解质的相对强弱——电离平衡常数的大小C．分子中化学键个数的多少——分子的稳定性D．催化剂加快化学反应速率——降低反应活化能3. 下列实验装置正确且能达到实验目的的是4. 苯氯乙酮是一种具有荷花香味且有强催泪作用的杀伤性化学毒剂，它的结构简式如右图，下列说法不正确的是A. 分子式为C8H7OClB. 在同一平面上的碳原子最多有8个C. 1摩尔苯氯乙酮最多可与3摩尔氢气发生加成反应D. 不存在与它同一类别的同分异构体5. 下列图示与对应的叙述相符的是A. 图1表示同温度下，pH=1的盐酸和醋酸溶液分别加水稀释时pH的变化曲线，其中曲线Ⅱ为盐酸，且b点溶液的导电性比a点强B. 图2中在b点对应温度下，将pH=2的稀H2SO4与pH=10的NaOH溶液等体积混合后，溶液显中性C. 图2中纯水仅升高温度，就可以从a点变到c点D. 用0.0100 mol/L 硝酸银标准溶液，滴定浓度均为0. 0100 mol/L Cl－、Br－及I－的混合溶液，由图3曲线，可确定首先沉淀的是Cl－6. 我国预计在2020年前后建成自己的载人空间站，为循环利用人体呼出的CO2 并提供氧气。