2005年11月2级笔译考试真题及答案
2005年日语能力考试2级真题-读解文法
2005年日语能力考试2级真题読解・文法(200点 70分)問題Ⅰ 次の文章を読んで、後の問いに答えなさい。
答えは、1234から最も適当なものを一つ選びなさい。
私たちの時間の感覚は、人によって、また立場によってもかなり違います。
電話でよく「少々お待ちください」と言って待たされます。
3分待たされたとしますと、待った人の感覚ではその3倍、9分ぐらい待たされた気がします。
この時、待たせた方は実際が３分でも、その3分の1の1分ぐらいにしか感じないのです。
つまり待たせた人と待たされた人の時間感覚の差は( ① )倍にもなるのです。
そのことをよく承知したうえで「お待たせいたしました」を言わないと、②お客さまを不快(注1)にさせることになります。
本来、時間に対する日本人の感覚は、きわめて(注2)神経質(注3)だと言われます。
交通機関(注4)のダイヤの正確さなどにもそれがよく表れています。
ところが、その反面、日本語の中にはきわめて曖昧に時間を伝えることばが数多くあります。
「しばらくお待ちください」「のちほどお電話さしあげます」「まもなく着くと思います」「少々時間をください」などの言い方は日常的によく使われています。
応対の中で「③のちほどこちらからお電話さしあげます」と言った数人の人に、「『のちほど』というのは何分ぐらいの時に使いますか？」と訊ねたことがあります。
驚いたことに答えは千差万別(注5)です。
2、3分、10分か15分、30分ぐらい、1時間、2、3時聞、その日のうち、最大1週間以内と答えた人もいます。
そして、「のちほど」と言われた相手の客も「のちほどって何分後ですか」と聞き返す人は皆無(注6)に近いのです。
「ではよろしくお願いします」で終わってしまいます。
客の方が「のちほど」を何分ぐらいと理解したかです。
言った方に④それだけ幅があるのですから……。
「のちほど電話すると言ったから、出かけないで待ってるのにかかってこないじゃないか」と苦情になったこともあります。
2006年11月俄语二级笔译实务试题及答案1
w w w .800x yz.co m试题Раздел IПисьменныйпереводсрусскогонакитайский（俄译汉）(60 баллов)Переведитеследующиетекстынакитайскийязык. Навыполнениезаданиядается 100 минут.1Вапреленачинаетсязаписьвпервыеклассышкол.Вапрелешкольнымадминистрациямофициальноразрешенопроводитьзаписьвпервыйкласс, нозаботливыеродителиначинаютвсегдапрощупыватьпочвунамногораньше. Ведьнайтихорошуюшколу – этокрайневажно. Ачтотакоехорошаяшкола – каждыйродительрешаетдлясебясам. Длякого-то – этопреподаватели, чутьлинекандидатынаук. Акто-тохочет«домашней» атмосферы. Сусловиемтого, чтоименновначальнойшколезакладываютсяосновыфункциональнойграмотностиребенка (до 10 лет) иименноэтинавыкибудутвлиятьвдальнейшемнавсюжизньребенка, квыборушколынадоподходитьразумно. Еслиусловияконкурсапоотборулучшихшколбудутсоответствоватьзаявленнымтребованиям, тосовсемскороинформацияонихбыстрораспространится. Сегодняточнуюинформациюобинтересующейвасшколевысможетеполучитьотродителей, поджидающихсвоихдетейвозлешкольногозабора. Ипервое, чтовыпойметеизразговоров, – вхорошуюшколутакпростонепопадешь.Есливывыбралишколусуглубленнымизучениемпредмета, тотребованиесобеседованияприпоступлениивпервыйклассможносчитатьвполнеразумным. Зачастуювпрестижныешколыберутдетей, ужеумеющихw w w .800x yz.co mчитать. Ученыесчитают, чтораннееразвитиечтениянетольковозможно, ноиполезно. Еслиребенокнеходилвдетскийсадиснимпокакой-топричиненезанималсяпедагогподошкольномуобразованию, этуфункциюнынесуспехомвыполняютначитанныеродители.Какмыузналиводнойизочередейвпрестижнуюгимназию, многиеизродителейзнакомыссамымиразнымиметодикамиобучениядетейчтению.Принормальныхусловияхразвитияходить, говоритьичитатьребенокможетнаучитьсяпрактическиодновременно – впериодмеждупервымивторымгодомжизни. Детивраннемвозрастеболеевосприимчивыиобучаемы. Обучениедетейчтениюссемилетявляетсядлянихужеподвигом. Араннееобучениеможетпроисходитьгораздопроще. Егометодикаосновананаобучениичтениюребенкацелымисловами. Процесспознаниясостоитвтом, чторебенкувбыстромтемпепоказываютопределенноеколичествослов, записанныхбольшимибукваминаотдельныхкарточках. Карточкидолжныбытьоченьбольшогоразмера. Сначалаэтосамыепростыеслова – «мама», «папа». Постепенноколичествословувеличивается. Появляютсяцелыесловосочетания. Затемпредложения. Наконецдомашнимиготовятсяцелыекниги. Постепенноребенокзапоминаетинезнакомыетексты. Этокажетсянереальным, нотакбывает.Такчтожебудемпроверятьшколунасобеседовании? Учитывая, чтовпоследнеевремяборьбапротиввзяточничестваактивизировалась, будемнадеяться, чтовсебудетхорошо. Вовсякомслучае, еслиотваспотребуютвнести«лепту», помните, чтовсеблаготворительныеденьгинануждышколымогутприниматьсяадминистрациейтолькопослеприемаребенкавданноеучебноезаведение. Апроверятьнасобеседованиимогутодно – способенлиребенокучитьсявданнойшколепоуглубленнымпрограммамилинет. Заметим, чтоприсобеседованииобязанприсутствоватьпсихолог. Впрестижныешколыотборнынесродниподборунарольвхорошемфильме.0x y z.co mРаздел IIПисьменныйпереводскитайскогонарусский（汉译俄）(40 баллов)Переведитеследующиетекстынарусскийязык. Навыполнениезаданиядается 80 минут.1中国政府坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。
2004年11月英语二级《笔译综合能力》试题及参考答案-推荐下载
人事部翻译资格证书（CATTI）2004年11月英语二级《笔译综合能力》试题及参考答案Section 1: Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points)Part 1 Vocabulary Selection1. The Kyoto Protocol has been designed to ____ the global environmental problems.A. dressB. AddressC. stressD. distress2. Part of the investment is to be used to ____ that old temple to its original splendor.A. restB. RecoverC. replaceD. restore3. The list of things we need to think about which will be ______ by climate change is endless.A. affiliatedB. AffectedC. affirmedD. effected4. Now a single cell phone is able to store a large ____ of information about an individual life.A. dealB. NumberC. amountD. account5. We will not be held responsible for any damage which results ____rough handling.A. fromB. OffC. inD. to6. Our products are displayed in Stand B22, ____ you will find me during office hours.A. whenB. WhichC. thatD. where7. We cannot see any possibility of business _____ your price is on the high side of the prevailing market trend.A. whichB. SinceC. thatD. though8. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event _____ is equal to the probability that it will not occur.A. occurringB. OccurredC. occursD. occur9. “They’re the best team I’ve seen thus far,”says ____ men’s basketball coach Larry Brown.A.American’sC.the USAD.United State of America10. Many Americans do not understand why there is so much international criticism of the US policy on ____ change.A. atmosphereB. SkyC. weatherD. climate11. In order to obtain the needed information, you should write simply, clearly, and concisely ____ the reader wants to know.A. whatB. ThatC. so thatD. which12. Regarding insurance, the ____ is for 110% of the invoice value of the goods that a manufacturer wants to export.A. amountB. CoverC. InsuranceD. premium13. Since the shipment consists of seasonable goods, it is important that it is ____ as soon as possible.A. deletedB. DemandedC. deliveredD. detached14. The long service of decades of the to-be-retired with the company was ____ a present each from the President.A. confirmed byB. recorded inC. acknowledged withD. appreciated for15. Home to magnates and gangsters, refugees and artists, the city was, in its ____ a metropolis thatexhibited all the hues of the human character.A. primeB. PrimaryC. privacyD. probation16. Buildings in the southeast of the UK are going to have to be constructed ____ those in Scotland if the report findings are correct.A. asB. LikeC. likelyD. are like17. The state of Michigan now requires sports fans to make an annual ____ of $125 to $500 a seat to keep their end zone perches at Michigan Stadium.A. tributaryB. attributionC. contributionD. distribution18. The possibilities for ____ energy sources, including solar power, wind power, geothermal power, water power and even nuclear energy promise greatly to the earthlings.A. altitudeB. AlternateC. alternatingD. alternative19. Americans who consider themselves ____ in the traditional sense do not usually hesitate to heap criticism in domestic matters over what they believe is oppressive or wasteful.A. pedestrianB. penchantC. PatrioticD. patriarch20. The countries that are being blamed for the extra greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are the rich and developed countries. On a different ____, the developing countries feel they will suffer the most of it.A. nodB. NoteC. normD. notionPart 2 Vocabulary Replacement21. He remained calm in the face of the impending danger.A. terrificB. TrivialC. astonishingD. imminent22. “Holmes!” I whispered. “What on earth are you doing in this disgusting place?”A. humbleB. UnpleasantC. underprivilegedD. noisy23. The futility of the program resulted from poor planning.A. possible failure in the futureB. ineffectiveness and uselessnessC. blindness to its mistakesD. potential disaster24. Construction of the gigantic office building in this city was for years intermittentA. stopping and starting at intervalsB. something that will happen soonC. being watched with keen interestD. anything that comes and goes25. Although many modifications have been made in it, the game known in the United States as football can be traced directly to the English game of rugby.A. rulesB. ChangesC. demandsD. leagues26. Your silence implies countenancing his abject behavior; therefore please clarify your stand to him.A.supportingB.ObscuringC.concealingD.assisting27. The graduate committee must be in full accord in their approval of a dissertation.A. indecisiveB. SullenC. vocalD. unanimous28. We regret being unable to entertain your request for providing free boarding to 15 sportsmen for two weeks.A. receiveB. ComplyC. coincideD. consider29. Justices of the peace have jurisdiction over the trials of some civil suits and of criminal cases involving minor offenses.A. superiorityB. AuthorityC. guidanceD. consider30. One of the things we have to do to prevent a pandemic is to make sure people understand and know what they can do to minimize the commotion.A. commandB. CollusionC. turmoilD. tutelage31. One of the effective ways to lessen environmental pollution is the reservation and protection of more swamps.A. vast thick coralsB. pockets of wet landC. warm volcanoesD. millions of bees and wasps32. The word “wrath”in The Grapes of Wrath by the Nobel Prize winner John Steinbeck probably means:A. great angerB. large crowdsC. hard laborD. sudden storms33. The artist spent years on his monumental painting, which covered the whole roof of the church, the biggest in the country.A. archaicB. SentimentalC. OutstandingD. entire34. The ancient Jewish people regarded themselves as the salt of the earth, the chosen few by God to rule the world.A. outcastB. EliteC. nomadD. disciple35. Many of the electric and electronic products we purchase and consume today are what some industrial experts call “homogenous toys”.A.identicalB.HomosexualC.unrelatedD.distinguishablePart 3 Error CorrectionThis part consists of 15 sentences in which there is an underlined part that indicates an error. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.36. An “epigram” is usually descried as a bright or witty thought that is tersely and ingeniously expressed.A. describedB. DiscardedC. deservedD. disconcerted37. Human beings are superior to animals that they can use language as a tool of communication.A. in thatB. in whichC. for thatD. for which38. The Xinjiang Airlines serve passengers and customers in the southeast of China only.A. servesB. to serveC. servingD. service39. The senior senator has in the past three terms both experienced the sweet taste of success and the bitterness of defeat in his legislation fights with his opponents.A. both experiencesB. experiences bothC. experience bothD. experienced both40. Our company has been made one of the largest manufacturers in the field of chemical industry.A. become, inB. made, in field ofC. became, in the fieldD. been made of, in41. Daylight saving time was instituted to increase productivityA. reorganizedB. StartedC. encouragedD. taught42. Many students agreed to come, but some students against because they said they don’t have time.A. did not because they say they did notB. were against because they say they don’tC. did not because they said they did notD. were against coming because they said they don’t43. Some of the Low-end Made-in-China mechanical-electronic products are not selling well in export market as compared with what are termed as high-end ones.A. on export marketB. in exporting marketC. in exported marketD. in the export market44. Construction is expanding all over China, no doubt many materials will be needed at a very big amount in future.A. China, no doubt many materials will be needed for a very big amountB. China, no doubt many materials will be needed in a very big amount C. China, no doubt many materials will be needed in large amounts D. China, no doubt many materials will be needed for large amounts45. The recent conference on the effective use of the seas and oceans was another attempt resolving major differences among countries with conflicting interests.A. resolveB. ResolvesC. to resolveD. being resolved46. Water makes up some 70 percentage points of the body, and drinking enough water — either tap water or expensive mineral water — will ensure that the body is properly lubricated and flushed.A. per-centB. per capitaC. percentD. percentage47. “We’re not bringing in millions of dollars,” says a director of development. “But we want to make sure the demand is there before we act to the project.”A. ofB. OffC. onD. for48. By using new foreign textbooks, we could not only learn the right expression of business ideas, but also we will know the lastest developments in the business world.A. but also will know the lastestB. but also know the lastestC. but also know the latestD. but also come to know the latest49. The affluent middle class created by the Asian boom now take up over from exports as the main engine of growth.A. take over from exportsB. take from exportsC. take exportsD. takes exports50. Japan and the newly industrialized countries are passing labor-intensive sects as garmentmaking over to less developed nations and moving into advanced technology and services.A. sects likeB. sectors likeC. sections asD. sections such asSection 2: Reading Comprehension (50 points)In this section you will find after each of the passage a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 70 minutes. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was set up in 1988 to assess information on climate change and its impact. Its Third Assessment Report predicts global temperature rises by 2100 of between 1.4℃ and 5.8℃. Although the issue of the changing climate is very complex and some changes are uncertain, temperature rises are expected to affect countriesthroughout the world and have a knock-on effect with sea-level rises. Scientists have argued about whether temperature rises are due to human activities or due to natural changes in our environment. The IPCC announced in 2001 that “most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is likely to be attributable to human activities”. This was a more forceful statement than in1996 when the Second Assessment Report stated that there was a “discernible human influence on the climate” which was the first time they had concluded such a link. Many experts believe the faster the climate changes, the greater the risk will be. Key points of the projections for climate change globally include that by the second half of the 21st century, wintertime rainfall in the northern mid to high latitudes and Antarctica will rise, that meanwhile Australia, Central America and southern Africa are likely to see decreases in autumn precipitation, that some land areas in the tropics will see more rainfall, and that there will generally be more hot days over land areas.51. IPCC probably does not ______.A. analyse climate change informationB. record weather changes on its premisesC. predict what is to happen to the earthD. collect weather date from many countries52. According to the passage, a Chinese city that recorded 45 degrees Celsius at noon on August 4,2004, will most probably witness a temperature measuring _____ at 12:00 sharp in the year of 2100.A. 46.1℃B. 1.4℃C. 5.8℃D. a number that I do not know53. According to the author, climate researchers _____.A. are quite sure about why it’s getting hotter and hotterB. declared that we humans are the cause why it’s getting hotterC. have discussed the possible cause why it’s hotterD. have claimed that changes in nature are the roots of hot days54. Based on the text, we know that temperature rises will probably _____.A. knock off sea levelsB. have a serious effect on sea-level risesC. keep the sea level risingD. keep knocking at the sea55. The IPCC announcement three years ago that “most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is” _____.A. possibly due to human activitiesB. possibly because human activitiesC. due to likely human activitiesD. human activities likely attributable56. Which statement was more forceful?A. “Global temperature will rise by 2100 between 1.4℃ and 5.8℃”.B. “Temperature rises are expected to affect countries throughout the world”.C. “Most of the warming is likely to be attributable to human activities”.D. “There was a “discernible human influence on the climate”.57. The Second Assessment Report was released ____ years ago.A. fiveB. SixC. sevenD. eight58. “Such a link” in the passage refers most probably to _____.A. IPCC and climate changesB. global temperatures and sea levelsC. natural changes and human activitiesD. human activities and temperature rises59. “The risk” mentioned in the text probably refers to _____.A. a possibility that there will be more climate changesB. a potential that sea level will possibly keep risingC. temperature rises that are expected to affect all countriesD. a prediction warning human beings not to ruin the environment60. Obviously, the word “precipitation” most probably refers to _____.A. latitudeB. RainfallC. temperatureD. projection Now which are the animals really to be pitied in captivity? First, those clever beings whose lively urge for activity can find no outlet behind the bars of the cage. This is most conspicuous, even for the uninitiated, in the case of animals which, when living in a free state, are accustomed to roaming about widely. Owing to this frustrated desire, foxes and wolves housed, in many old-fashioned zoos, in cages which are far too small, are among the most pitiable of all caged animals. Though pinioned swans generally seem happy, under proper care, by hatching and tearing their young without any trouble, at migration time things become different: they repeatedly swim to the lee side of the pond, in order to have the whole extent of its surface at their disposal, trying to take off. Again and again the grand preparations end in a pathetic flutter of their half wings; a truly sorry picture! This, however, rarely awakens the pity of the zoo visitor, least of all when such an originally highly intelligent and mentally alert animal has deteriorated, in confinement, into a crazy idiot, a very caricature of its former self. Sentimental old ladies, the fanatical sponsors of the societies for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, have no compunction in keeping a grey parrot in a relatively small cage or even chained to a perch. Together with the large corvines, the parrots are probably the only birds which suffer from that state of mind, common to prisoners, namely, boredom.61. What is an “outlet” in the context of this passage?A. An opportunity for expression.B. A place to let.C. A chance of escape into a woodD. An exit for a marketer.62. What does “the uninitiated” mean?A. People who visit animals in urban zoos.B. People who do not like animals of the wild.C. People who know little about a certain topic.D. People who do not visit zoos every year.63. According to the author in Paragraph 1, what animals suffer most in captivity?A. Climbing animals.B. Hunting animals.C. Parroting animals.D. Singing animals.64. What do you think “hatching and rearing their young” means?A. Raising families.B. Getting on well with smaller birds.C. Behaving like young birds.D. Attacking smaller birds.65. Which is the “lee side” of the pond?A. The side the wind is blowing from.B. The side which is sheltered from a storm.C. The side the wind id blowing towards.D. The side where the water is the deepest.66. According to the author, swans in captivity are ______.A. happy unless their wings have been cutB. happy most of the time, but unhappy sometimesC. unhappy most of the timeD. only happy when they are bringing up families67. What effect does confinement have on clever animals, according to the text?A. They never stop trying to escape.B. They lose all their muscles.C. They become unhygienic.D. They may go mad.68. In Paragraph 3, the expression “have no compunction about” most probably means” have no _____.A. reaction toB. understanding ofC. second thoughts aboutD. enlightenment on69. What does the author say about sentimental old ladies?A. They do not care about animals.B. They hate making animals suffer.C. They enjoy making animals suffer.D. They do not realise the consequences.70. What do you think “large corvines” probably are?A. Another kind of bird.B. Another kind of parrot.C. Another kind of swans.D. Other birds that convince us. The fact that most Americans live in urban areas does not mean that they reside in the center of large cities. In fact, more Americans live in the suburbs of large metropolitan areas than in the cities themselves. The Bureau of the Census regards any area with more than 2,500 people as an urban area, and does not consider boundaries of cities and suburbs. According to the Bureau, the political boundaries are less significant than the social and economic relationships and the transportation and communication systems that integrate a locale. The term used by the Bureau for an integrated metropolis is an MSA, which stands for Metropolitan Statistical Area. In general, an MSA is any area that contains a city and its surrounding suburbs and has a total population of 50,000 or more. At the present time, the Bureau reports more than 280 MSAs, which together account for 75 percent of the US population. In addition, the Bureau recognizes 18 megapolises, that is, continuous adjacent metropolitan areas. One of the most obvious megapolises includes a chain of hundreds of cities and suburbs across 10 states on the East Coast from Massachusetts to Virginia, including Boston, New York, and Washington, D.C. In the Eastern Corridor, as it is called, a population of 45 million inhabitants is concentrated. Another megapolis that is growing rapidly is the California coast from San Francisco through Los Angeles to San Diego.71. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Metropolitan Statistical AreasB. Types of Population CentersC. The Bureau of the CensusD. Megapolises72. According to the passage, where do most Americans live?A. In the center of cities.B. In the suburbs surrounding large cities.C. In rural areas.D. In small towns.73. The underlined word “reside” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.A. fillB. DecideC. occupyD. live74. According to the Bureau of the Census, what is an urban area?A. A chain of adjacent cities.B. An area with at least 50,000 people.C. The 18 largest cities.D. An area with 2,500 people or more.75. Which of the following are NOT considered important in defining an urban area?A. Political boundaries.B. Transportation networks.C. Social relationships.D. Economic systems.76. The underlined word “integrate” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____.A. benefitB. DefineC. uniteD. restrict77. Which of the following is NOT true?A. An integrated metropolis is an MSA.B. MSA stands for MetropolitanStatistical Area.C. A metropolis includes at least a metropolitan.D. An MSA refers to city and its suburbs, with over 50,000 people.78. The underlined word “adjacent” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.A. beside each otherB. growing very fastC. the same sizeD. densely populated79. According to the passage, what is a megapolis?A. One of the 10 largest cities in the United States.B. One of the 18 largest cities in the United States.C. One of the 100 cities between Boston and Washington.D. Any number of continuous adjacent cities and suburbs.80. Why does the author mention the Eastern Corridor and the California coast in Paragraph 4?A. As examples of megapolises.B. Because 75 percent of the population lives there.C. To conclude the passage.D. The Bureau of the Census is located there. “What does the middleman do but add to the price of goods in the shops?” Such remarks are aimed at the intermediate operations between manufacturers and final customers. This practice usually attracts a lot of attention from the public and the press and the operation most talked about is what is often called wholesaling. The wholesaler buys goods in large quantities from the manufacturers and sells them in smaller parcels to retailers, and for this service his selling price to the retailer is raised several percent higher. But his job is made more difficult by retail demand not necessarily running level with manufacturers’production. Because he adjusts or regulates the flow of goods by holding stock until required, he frees the manufacturer, to some extent, from the effect on production of changing demand and having to bear the whole risk. The manufacture can then keep up a steady production flow, and the retailer has no need to hold heavy stocks, who can call on the wholesaler for supplies any time. This wholesale function is like that of a valve in a water pipe. The middleman also bears part of the risk that would otherwise fall on the manufacturer and also the retailer. The wholesaler provides a purely commercial service, for which he is too well rewarded. But the point that is missed by many people is that the wholesaler is not just someone adding to the cost of goods. It is true one could eliminate the wholesaler but one would still be left with his function: that of making sure that goods find their way to the people who want them.81. “Middleman” in the passage almost equals to all the following in meaning EXCEPT _____.A. go-betweenB. IntermediaryC. manufacturerD. wholesaler82. “This practice” in Paragraph 1 most probably refers to the fact that the middleman _____.A. increases the prices in the shopsB. buys from you and sells to meC. aims remarks at manufacturersD. interferes with end user customers83. The wholesaler obtains higher selling prices for _____.A. small parcels he sellsB. goods he buys in bulkC. the service he providesD. the information he offers84. A middleman’s work may become difficult because _____.A. manufacturers run their production on a much higher levelB. market demand may not be the same as industrial productionC. retailers are not necessary in running their retailing businessD. retailers demand lower levels than those demanded by manufacturers85. The wholesaler regulates the flow of goods by _____.A. running level with manufacturers’ productionB. holding down stock of commoditiesC. keeping stock for stronger demandD. adjusting the prices of goods in time86. The middleman relieves the producer of _____.A. fluctuating market demand and staying at riskB. the production of commodities for the retail marketC. some extent of production of changing demandD. storing goods in a warehouse until they are needed87. What function of the wholesaler is compared to a valve?A. Controlling the flow of goods.B. Pushing up demand from retailers.C. Bearing part of the risk for manufacturers.D. Selling goods to retailers.88. Which of the following statement is true?A. People cannot do without the wholesaler’s function.B. The function of the wholesaler does not add to the cost of goods.C. The wholesaler helps to reduce the price of goods in shops.D. The wholesaler is well paid for his commercial service.89. The author quite possibly believes that the function of the wholesaler is _____.A. good but too costlyB. necessary but harmfulC. removable but necessaryD. acceptable but unnecessary90. Which of the following titles is most appropriate for this passage?A. The Greedy WholesalersB. The Wholesalers in the Public EyeC. A Retail Market with WholesalersD. Can We Do without the Wholesaler? This is offered as a textbook illustration of the principle that voters are far shrewder than most politicians believe. This case study highlighting Washington’s inability to fool anyone is based on a recent survey of the attitudes of people on Medicare about their new prescription-drug benefit. Last fall, when Congress added prescription-drug coverage to Medicare, the new law was hailed as a political masterpiece. Congressional Democrats, who overwhelmingly opposed the bill, thundered that they, too, were eager to provide a drug subsidy and smaller incentives to health insurers to participate. Liberals such as Sen. Edward Kennedy were confident that the drug bill, with plenty of holes in its benefit formulas, would inevitably be expanded around the time it took effect. Not many in Congress seemed troubled that the federal budget was deep in deficit, the nation was saddled with future expenditures for the Irap war and virtually no health care expert believed that the legislation would fit into its projected $400-billion-over-10-years cost framework. The new law was a cynical bargain that had more to do with the 2004 election than a rational approach to the prescription-drug needs of the nation’s elderly. The prescription-drug legislation seems a compromise between competing ideologies inserted into a fixed congressional budget. Put another way, it was sausage-stuffing in the guise of lawmaking. And, what no one anticipated was the reaction of the elderly, a group that votes in disproportionate numbers.91. The passage you are reading is the beginning part of a report in the original. Then, what is “This”, the first word, most probably referring to?A. An offered illustration.B. Part of a textbook on politics.C. What the author is going to write.D. The principle that voters are shrewder than mostpoliticians believe.92. Also found in Paragraph 1, what does “this case study” probably refer to?A. A case study the writer is to talk about.B. Part of a textbook on politics.C. What the author is going to write.D. Washington’s inability to fool anyone.93. Based on a recent survey of the attitudes of people on Medicare is _____.A. the capital city of the United States of AmericaB. a textbook on American politicsC. what the author is going to writeD. a statement that the American government cannot fool its people94. “Congress added prescription-drug coverage to Medicare”most probably means that the Congress of the USA decided to _____. A. add prescription-drugs to the Medicare program B. allow the Medicare program to provide refunding subsidies to selected medicines to be purchased by Medicare members C. increase payment to Medicare for refunding Americans buying prescription medicines D. provide insurance to prescription drugs purchased by Medicare participants95. Below are four groups of terms that are found in the passage. Which group contains at least one term that does not refer to the same things as the other terms within the group?A. the new law, the bill, the drug bill, the prescription-drug legislation, the legislationB. prescription-drug coverage, the new law, the drug bill, the prescription-drug legislation, the legislationC.the drug bill, the bill, Medicare with prescription-drug coverage added, the prescription-drug legislation, the legislationD. the new law, the bill, the drug bill, Medicare with additions including prescription-drug coverage, the prescription-drug legislation96. Democratic Congressmen suggested that the government should _____.A. be enthusiastic in providing a drug benefit to the peopleB. oppose the new legislation with thundering protestsC. give more money, so to speak, to medicine markers and retailersD. provide financial assistance to people wanting to buy life insurance97. Paragraph 3 reflects basically the views and comments of _____.A. Congressional DemocratsB. many other Liberals in the CongressC. Sen. Edward KennedyD. the author of the passage98. According to the text, some health care experts believed that _____.A. the new law had a 10-year budget of about $400 billion but little was expected for the prescription-drug coverageB. the new law will have to wait another 10 years and cost about $400 billion before it is able to take effectC. the framework of the new legislation would be fit for a project that was to cost $400 billion over the next 10 yearsD. the projected $400-billion-over-10-years cost framework was planned to be budget for the current Iraq war99. Referring to the elderly as summarized in the passage, we can assume that they are _____.A. great in number and most will voteB. great in number but few tend to voteC. few in number and few tend to voteD. few in number but most will vote。
英语二级笔译11月真题+答案解析
英译汉 passage1Apple may well be the only technical company on the planet that would dare compare itself to Picasso.苹果可能是世界上唯一敢自比毕加索的科技公司。
(相媲美的)1. dare：A. (have the courage)敢to dare (to) do [something]敢做某事she dare(s) not or daren't or doesn't dare leave the baby alone 她不敢让宝宝独自待着I dare say, ...也许，…B.激to dare [somebody] to do [something]激某人做某事somebody dared me to jump off the bridge有人激我从桥上跳下去I dare you to ask her (to dance)我谅你不敢邀请她（跳舞）dare加to和不加to是有不同意思的，要加以区别。
In a class at the company's internal university, the instructor （导师）likened the 11 lithographs that make up Picasso’s The Bull to the way Apple builds its smart phones and other devices. The idea is that Apple designers strive for simplicity just as Picasso eliminated details to create a great work of art.在苹果公司内部大学的一堂课上，讲师曾提到毕加索绘制名画《公牛》时的11 块石版画，他认为苹果打造智能手机等设备的过程与之类似。
2003.12-2005.11 翻译资格考试二级笔译综合能力及实务真题详解
2003年12英语二级《笔译综合能力》试题Part1 Summary Writing1.Read the following English passage and then write a Chinese summary of approximately 300 words that expresses its main ideas and basic information (40 points, 50 minutes)Deceptively small in column inches, a recent New Y ork Times article holds large meaning for us in business. The item concerned one Daniel Provenzano, 38, of Upper Saddle River, N.J. Here is the relevant portion:When he owned a Fort Lee printing company called Advice Inc., Mr. Provenzano said he found out that a sales representative he employment had stolen $9,000. Mr. Provenzano said he told the man that ―if he wanted to keep his employment, I would have to break his thumb.‖ He said another Advice employee drove the sales representative to Holy Name Hospital in Teaneck, broke the thumb with a hammer outside the hospital, and then had a car service take the man home after the thumb was repaired.Mr. Provenzano explained that he ―didn‘t want to set an example‖that workers could get away with stealing. The worker eventually paid back $4,500 and kept his job, he said. I know that you‘re thinking: This is an outrage. I, too, was shocked that Provenzano was being prosecuted for his astute management. Indeed, I think his ―modest proposal‖ has a lot to teach managers as they struggle with the problems of our people-centered business environment. Problems such as ….Dealing with the bottom 10%. GE made the system famous, but plenty of companies are using it: Every year you get rid of the worst-evaluated workers. Many managers object that this practice is inhumane, but not dealing with that bottom 10% leads to big performance problems. Provenzano found a kinder, gentler answer. After all, this employee would have been fired virtually anywhere else. But at Advice Inc., he stayed on the job. And you know what? I bet he become a very, very —very —productive employee. For most managers Provenzano‘s innovative response will be a welcome new addition to their executive tool kit. And by the way, ―executive tool kit‖ is clearly more than just a metaphor at Advice Inc.Being the employer of choice. With top talent scarce everywhere, most companies now want to be their industry‘s or their community‘s most desirable. Advice Inc. understood. The employee in question wasn‘t simply disciplined in his supervisor‘s office and sent home. No, that‘s how an ordinary employer would have done it. But at Advice Inc., another employee —the HR manager, perhaps? —took time out his busy day and drove the guy right to the emergency room. And then —the detail that says it all —the company provided a car service to drive the employee home. The message to talented job candidates comes through loud and clear: Advice Inc. is a company that cares.Setting an example to others. An eternal problem for managers is how to let all employees know what happens to those who perform especially well or badly. A few companies actually post everyone‘s salary and bonus on their intranet. But pay is so one-dimensional. At Advice Inc., a problem that would hardly be mentioned at most companies —embezzlement —was undoubtedly the topic of rich discussions for weeks, at least until the employee‘s cast came off. Any employee theft probably went way, way —way —down.When the great Roberto Goizueta was CEO of Coca-Cola he used to talk about this problem of setting examples and once observed, ―Sometimes you must have an execution in the public square!‖ But of course he was speaking only figuratively. If he had just listened to his own words, Goizueta might have been an even better CEO.Differentiation. This is one of Jack Welch‘s favorite concepts —the idea that managers should treat different employees very differently based on performance. Welch liked to differentiate with salary, bonus, and stock options, but now, in what must henceforth be known as the post-Provenzano management era, we can see that GE‘s great management thinker just wasn‘t thinking big enough.This Times article is tantalizing and frustrating. In just a few sentences it opens a whole new world of management, yet much more surely remains to be told. We must all urge Provenzano to write a book explaining his complete managerial philosophy. 2.Read the following Chinese passage and then write an English summary of approximately 250 words that expresses its central ideas and main viewpoints (40 points, 50 minutes)越是对原作体会深刻，越是欣赏原文的每秒，越觉得心长力，越觉得译文远远的传达不出原作的神韵。
11月CATTI二级笔译真题
20XX年11月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及参考译文(2017-11-08 20:05:12)转载▼标签：英语翻译英语学习20XX年11月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及参考译文EC Passage 1You’ve temporarily misplaced your cell phone and anxiously retrace your steps to try to find it. Or perhaps you never let go of your phone—it's always in your hand, your pocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or consulted at a moment’s notice. When your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is running low as well. New research shows that there’s a psychological reason for such extreme phone dependence: According to the attachment theory, for some of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in childhood.你有过这种经历吗？手机一时放错了地方，忘了在哪，急急忙忙返回寻找；手机从不离身，总是握在手里，揣在兜里或者放在包里，时刻准备回复消息，查找内容。
一整天过去了，一旦发现手机没电，简直觉得自己也要没电了。
最新研究揭示了极端“手机依赖症”背后的心理动因：根据依恋理论，手机简直成了我们大多数人小时候恋恋不舍的泰迪熊。
2005-2017年历年考研英语二翻译真题
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. 48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unit ed we stand, divided we fall” -- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and ill ustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.(47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.This, he thought, could not be true, because the “Origin of Species”is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.”(49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.” (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语二）46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability” has become apopul ar word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.It didin’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone sai d, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”Section Ⅲ Translation最近，“承受力”\坚持不懈”成了一个流行词，但对Ted Ning来说，他对其含义有自己亲身的体会。
11月翻译资格考题二级英语笔译实务试卷及答案
11月翻译资格考题二级英语笔译实务试卷及答案第一部分英译汉必译题This week and next, governments, international agencies and nongovernmental organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss the legacy of global Mulhollandism in water - and to chart a new course.They could hardly have chosen a better location. Water is being pumped out of the aquifer on which Mexico City stands at twice the rate of replenishment. The result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade. You can see the consequences in the cracked cathedrals, the tilting Palace of Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes.Every region of the world has its own variant of the water crisis story. The mining of groundwaters for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of India and Pakistan by 30 meters in the past three decades. As water goes down, the cost of pumping goes up, undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers.What is driving the global water crisis? Physical availability is part of the problem. Unlike oil or coal, water is an infinitely renewable resource, but it is available in a finite quantity. With water use increasing at twice the rate of population growth, the amount available per person is shrinking - especially in some of the poorest countries.Challenging as physical scarcity may be in some countries, the real problems in water go deeper. The 20th-century model for water management was based on a simple idea: that water is an infinitely available free resource to be exploited, dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sustainability.Across the world, water-based ecological systems - rivers, lakes and watersheds - have been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainability by policy makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over- exploitation.We need a new model of water management for the 21st century. What does that mean? For starters, we have to stop using water like there"s no tomorrow - and that means using it more efficiently at levels that do not destroy our environment. The buzz- phrase at the Mexico Water forum is "integrated water resource management." What it means is that governments need to manage the private demand of different users and manage this precious resource in the public interest.参照译文：本周，世界水论坛在墨西哥城开幕，论坛将一直持续到下周。
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人事部二级笔译（CATTI）2005.11实务真题及答案【英译汉必译题】Hans Christian Andersen was Denmark's most famous native son. Yet even after his fairy tales won him fame and fortune, he feared he would be forgotten. He need not have worried. This weekend, Denmark began eight months of celebrations to coincide with the bicentenary of his birth, and Denmark is eager that the world take note as it sets out to define the pigeon-holed writer in its own way.The festivities began in Copenhagen on Saturday, Andersen's actual birthday, with a lively show of music, dance, lights and comedy inspired by his fairy tales before a crowd of 40,000 people -- including Queen Margrethe II and her family -- at the Parken National Stadium. The opening, called Once Upon a Time, will be followed by a slew of concerts, musicals, ballets, exhibitions, parades and education programs costing over US$40 million.So more than in recent memory, Danes -- and, they hope, foreigners -- will be reliving the humor, pain and lessons to be found in evergreen stories like The Little Mermaid, The Emperor's New Clothes, The Ugly Duckling, The Little Match-Seller, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Shadow, The Princess and the Pea and others of Andersen's 150 or so fairy tales.]In organizing this extravaganza, of course, Denmark is also celebrating itself. After all, Andersen is still this country's most famous native son. Trumpeting his name and achievements not only draws attention to Denmark's contribution to world culture, but could also woo more foreign tourists to visit his birthplace in the town of Odense and to be photographed beside the famous bronze statue of the Little Mermaid in Copenhagen's harbor.And Denmark has even more in mind. Local guardians of the Andersen legacy evidently feel his stories have lost ground in recent years to the likes of J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings and J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter. Andersen's fairy tales may remain central to the Danish identity, serving as homespun guides to the vagaries of human behavior, but what about the rest of the world?"What we really need is a rebirth of Andersen," noted Lars Seeberg, secretary general of the Hans Christian Andersen 2005 Foundation. "Two centuries after his birth, he still fails to be universally acknowledged as the world-class author he no doubt was.【参考译文】安徒生或许是土生土长的丹麦人中最出名的一位了。
虽然他创作的童话给他带来了声名和财富，但他还是很担心自己会为人们所遗忘。
他的担心多少有些杞人忧天了。
本周末，丹麦开始举行为期8个月的庆祝活动，庆祝安徒生诞辰两百周年。
庆典于本周六，也就是安徒生出生的确切日期开始举行。
庆典安排在帕肯国家体育场举行，期间包括轻快的音乐、舞蹈、灯火表演，还有根据安徒生创作的童话改编的喜剧表演，观看演出的观众有4万多——其中还包括女王玛格丽特二世及王室成员。
演出活动后还有音乐会、歌舞剧、芭蕾舞、展览会及各类教育项目，总花费达4000万美元。
丹麦人愿与全世界的人们一同从诸如《海的女儿》、《皇帝的新装》等不朽名篇及安徒生创作的其他150多部童话中体味欢乐、悲伤和经验教训。
当然，丹麦人也没忘了沾沾这个庆祝活动的光。
举办这个活动不仅是为了让全世界都认识到丹麦对世界文化所作的贡献，也是为了招徕外国游客来参观安徒生位于小镇奥登斯的出生地，并在哥本哈根港内名闻遐迩的美人鱼青铜雕像旁摄影。
但是，丹麦人的安排并不仅止于此。
近年来，安徒生的精神遗产的捍卫者们深切地感受到，安徒生童话和TJJ托尔金的《魔戒》及罗琳斯的《哈里.波特》相比，影响力日渐式微。
在丹麦人心目中，安徒生童话仍然占据着核心地位，对他们的日常行为起着指导作用（这句话里对vagary一词始终不能把握好，时间太紧，只好姑且先这么说了），但在世界上的其他地方，情况又如何呢？“丹麦真正需要的是安徒生的转世重生。
安徒生早应成为公认的世界级作家，但在他诞辰两百年后，他的这一地位仍未得到肯认。
”安徒生2005基金会的秘书长西伯格说到。
【试题1】The Gap Between Rich and Poor Widened in U.S. CapitalWashington D.C. ranks first among the 40 cities with the widest gap between the poor and the rich, according to a recent report released by the D.C. Fiscal Policy Institute on July 22nd. The top 20 percent of households in D.C. have an average yearly income of $186,830, 31 times that of the bottom 20 percent, which earns only $6,126 per year. The income gap is also big in Atlanta and Miami, but the difference is not as pronounced.The report also indicates that the widening gap occurred mainly during the 1990s. Over the last decade, the average income of the top 20 percent of households has grown 36 percent, while the average income of the bottom 20 percent has only risen 3 percent."I believe the concentration of the middle- to high-income families in the D.C. area will continue, therefore, the income gap between rich and poor will be hard to bridge," David Garrison told the Washington Observer. Garrison is a senior researcher with the Brookings Institution, specializing in the study of the social and economic policies in the greater Washington D.C. area.The report attributed the persistent income gap in Washington to the area's special job opportunities, which attract high-income household s. Especially since the federal government is based in Washington D.C., Government agencies and other government related businesses such as lobbying firms and government contractors constantly offer high-paying jobs, which contribute to the trend of increasing high-income households in the D.C. area. For example, a single young professional working in a law firm in D.C. can earn as much as $100,000 in his or her first year out of law school."In addition, high-quality housing available in Washington D.C. is one of the main reasons why high-income families choose to live here, while middle and low-income families, if they can afford it, choose to move out of Washington D.C. tothe Virginia and Maryland suburbs so that their kids can go to better schools," stated Garrison."As rich families continue to move into D.C. and middle and low-income families are moving out, the poorest families are left with nowhere to move, or cannot afford to move. This creates the situation we face now: a huge income gap between the rich and poor."The Washington D.C. area to which Garrison refers is the District of Columbia city itself, not including the greater Washington metro area. "The greater Washington metro area has a large population of about 5 million, but the low-income households are often concentrated in D.C. proper," Garrison explained.Tony Blalock, the spokesperson for Mayor Anthony Williams, said resignedly, "No matter what we seem to do to bring investment into the District, a certain population is not able to access the unique employment opportunities there. The gap between the rich and poor is the product of complex forces, and won't be fixed overnight."Garrison believes that the D.C. government should attract high-income families. By doing so, the District's tax base can grow, which in turn can help improve D.C.'s infrastructure. "But in the meantime, the District government should also take into consideration the rights of the poor, set up good schools for them, and provide sound social welfare. All these measures can alleviate the dire situation caused by income disparity. "Garrison, however, is not optimistic about the possibility of closing the gap between the rich and poor. He is particularly doubtful that current economic progress will be able to help out the poor. "Bush's tax-cut plan did bring about this wave of economic recovery, and the working professionals and rich did benefit from it. It is unfair to say that the plan did not help the poor at all… it just didn't benefit them as much as it did the rich, " Garrison said. "The working class in America, those who do the simplest work, get paid the least, and dutifully pay their taxes, has not benefited from Bush's tax-cut plan much."Garrison concludes, "A lot of cities in America did not enjoy the positive impact of the economic recovery. Washington D.C., on the other hand, has always been sheltered by the federal government. The wide gap between rich and poor in the District, therefore, deserves more in-depth study and exploration."【试题1】参考答案美国首都贫富不均情况加重美国首都独立研究机构华盛顿特区财政政策研究院（DC Fiscal Policy Institute）于7月22日公布的一份其最新的研究报告显示，华盛顿特区的贫富差距居全美40个大都会区之冠，20%最富有的家庭其年收入高达$186,830美元，是20%最贫穷家庭年收入（仅$6,126美元）的31倍。