初中语法-直接引语转换间接引语讲解-附练习题及答案

合集下载

直接引语变间接引语语法讲解及专项练习(含答案)

直接引语变间接引语语法讲解一. 直接引语和间接引语的定义一字不改的引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分被称为直接引语。

直接引语一般置于引号之内（即前后加引号）其位置常在居句尾或句首，第一个单词首字母必修大写。

用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分被称为间接引语。

间接引语通常在句中以宾语从句的形式出现。

二. 直接引语变为间接引语的方法人称人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一主，二宾，三不更”。

“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。

从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化，如：She said. “My brother wants to go with me.”→She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人“你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。

如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate，"How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her siste r was then.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如：Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.三、时态直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。

其基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致，也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。

如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一格时态，变成一种过去时。

1. She said. “I have lost a pen.”→She said she had lost a pen.（现在完成——过去完成）2. She said. “We hope so.”→She said they hoped so.(一般现在—一般过去)3. She said,“He will go to see his friend。

初中语法直接引语转换间接引语讲解附练习题及答案

直接引语与间接引语直接引语：一字不改的引用或复述别人的话,被引用或复述的部分即为直接引语;一般前后用引号,首字母大写;间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话,被转述的部分即为间接引语;通常以宾语从句的形式出现,不用引号;直接引语变为间接引语时,要注意人称、时态、连接词、语序以及时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化;一、人称变化直接引语是第一人称变为间接引语时,一般要变为第三人称；第二人称变为与主句的间接宾语相一致的人称如果没有间接宾语,可根据上下文的体会确定一个人称；第三人称一般不改变;例如 He told me,＂I’ll give you a book when I meet you again.＂—He told me he would give me a book when he met me again.二、时态的变化如果主句是过去式态,变为间接引语时应向前推一个时态;即一般现在时---一般过去式,现在进行时---过去进行时,现在完成时---过去完成时,一般过去时---过去完成时,过去进行时---过去进行时,一般将来时---过去将来时,现在完成进行时---过去完成进行时,过去完成时---过去完成时,过去完成进行时---过去完成进行时;等;例如She wondered:＂When will the meeting begin.＂—She wondered when the meeting would begin.但在以下几种情况下,间接引语的时态不用变化;1、当直接引语表示的是客观真理或经常性的特点时;例如 She said,＂The earth goes around the sun＂.--She said that the earth goes around the sun.2、当直接引语中有绝对具体的过去时间作状语时,保持原来的一般过去时; 例如 He said,＂I left home in 1942.—He said he left home in 1942.注：间接引语中的谓语动词有时需要适当的调整;Say后的直接引语表示陈述或命令时可变为ask; say后的直接引语表示请求或询问时可变为ask.例如 The teacher said to me,＂I have seen your book..＂—The teacher told me that she had seen my book.三、连接词的选择1、陈述句陈述句转化为间接引语时用that引导,也可省略 that;主句谓语动词可用直接引语中的said,也可用told来代替,可以说said that,said to sb. that, told sb. that, 不可以直接说told that.主句中的谓语还常有repeat, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think, 等;例如Danny said,＂I come from Canada.＂—Danny said that he came from Canada.2、疑问句直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序;主句的动词常用ask,wonder,want to know 等; 1、一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句时变为间接引语须用if或whether引导;例如 She asked me,＂Is he a teacher ＂—She asked me if/whether he was a teacher.2}、选择疑问句或反意疑问直接引语是选择疑问句需用or;反意疑问句需用or not变为间接引语时要用whether而不用if.例如 My brother asked me,＂Is Tom tall or short ＂—My brother asked me whether Tom was tall or short.＂You are reading,aren’t you＂he said to me.—He asked me whether I was reading or not.3、特殊疑问句当直接引语为特殊疑问句变为间接引语时,常变成与疑问句同形的连接词引导的宾语从句,用陈述语序,问号变句号;例如＂What do you want to eat ＂he asked me.—He asked me what I wanted to eat. 3、祈使句直接引语是祈使句变为间接引语时,要用不定式表示,使其成为 ask /tell /order sb not to do sth 句型;例如＂Don’t open the door.＂he said to her.—He asked her not to open the door.4、感叹句感叹句变为间接引语时可用 what或how引导,也可用that引导;例如 He said,＂What a lovely day it is＂—He said what a lovely day it was.—He said that it was a lovely day.四、语序的变化当直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序,即连接词+主语+动词的形式;例如＂Where are you going ＂he asked me.—He asked me where I was going.但当直接引语中特殊疑问词作主语时,语序不变;例如He asked, “Who is your brother.” －He asked who was my brother.五、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化;now—then today—that day yesterday—the day before last might—the night before two days ago—two days before next week—the next week tomorrow—the next day the day after tomorrow—in two days’time 或者two days after here—there this—that these—those come—go bring—take 例如 He said,＂I did my homework yesterday.＂—He said he had done his homework the day before.六、情态动词的变化can—could must—had to或者must will—would shall—should may—might一、单项选择：1. He asked ________ for the computer.A. did I pay how muchB. I paid how muchC. how much did I payD. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film” he asked me. →He asked me ________. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. →He ________ me ________ the window.A. said to; to closeB. told to; closingC. asked; to closeD. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. →He said ________.A. that I am a teacherB. I was a teacherC. that he is a teacherD. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He ________ very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy wasB. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy wasD. spoke to his mother that the boy is6. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you” she asked. →She asked ________or not.A. if I have already got well, hadn’t youB. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got wellD. had I already got well7. He asked, “Are you a Party member or a League member”→He asked me ________.A. am I a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member8. He asked, “How are you getting along” →He asked ________.A. how am I getting alongB. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting alongD. how was I getting along 9. He asked me ________ with me.A. what the matter isB. what the matter isC. what’s th e matterD. what was wrong10. He said, “Don’t do that again.” →He ________ me ________ that again.A. said to; not to doB. said to; don’t doC. told; don’t doD. told; not to do二、直接引语转换间接引语1. “I saw a note on my desk.” she said.2. Mother said, “I’ll go to the park tomorrow.”3. He said to me, “Your brother broke it.”4. Tom said, “My sister was here three days ago.”5. “We stayed there for two weeks.” she told me.6. She said, “I have given up smoking.”7. “We’ve known each other for about three years.” the young man told him.8. “I haven’t seen her these days.” he said.9. “Mother gave me a new book as a present yesterday.” Mary said.10. “Do you like English or Chinese” the teacher asked me.11. “What did you do yesterday” she asked me.12. “Would you like an apple” mother asked me.13. “Don’t open the door.” she sai d to me.14. “Come here early tomorrow.” the teacher said to us.15. “Did you go to the cinema last night” she asked.16. “Keep the door closed.” the old man said to us.17. “Did you go there by train or by bus” the teacher asked.18. “They are playing on the playground.” Jim said.三、在横线上填上合适的词1. He exclaimed how lovely the house ___________.2. We didn’t know ___________ she hadn’t handed in the paper.3. The monitor ___________ the five of us to clean the floor yesterday afternoon.4. Anderson told us ___________ his father had just returned from Shanghai.5. She ___________ us to help the old woman in our village that day.6. My father asked me ___________ was the matter when he came back.7. That fellow always ___________ me clean his shoes for him.8. Tom said that he ___________ in the army for three years.9. — What did Alice say just now — She said that ___________ would borrow that dictionaryform Mary.10. I wonder ___________ she can attend my party this evening.四、单项选择1. Right now, the boss ordered John to hand in his design ________.A. this afternoonB. this afternoonC. todayD. that day2. Jimmy ________ her if she had seen him there that afternoon. A. said to B. askedC. toldD. ask3. Uncle Wang ordered us to ________ his house at once. A. come out of B. come C. goout of D. go4. The road is covered with snow. I can’t understand ________ they insist on going by motor-bike.A. whyB. whetherC. whenD. how5. Chen Qiang told Mr. Smith that the People’s Republic of China _______ in October 1,1949.A. foundedB. had been foundedC. foundD. was founded6. She said to me that _______ might keep ________ book for two days.A. she; thisB. I; thatC. I; thisD. you; this7. In order to choose the right one, she first asked me _______ I want to use a dictionary for.A. whatB. whyC. howD. whether8. Customers are asked to make sure that they _______ the right change before leaving the shop.A. will giveB. have been givenC. have givenD. will be given9. Linda shouted that you _______ your homework ahead of her.A. finishedB. would finishC. had finishedD. have finished10. My girlfriend asked me _______ I knew it was her birthday that day or not.A. whetherB. thatC. whyD. what五、巩固练习：1、He asked,＂Is the door open or closed.＂He asked _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.2、She said,＂I have left my coat in your room.＂She said _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ ______ ______.3、She said,＂I wrote to my friends yesterday.＂She said _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ ______ _______ ______.4、Mother asked me,＂When will you be back next time.＂Mother asked me_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.5、The teacher told the students,＂The earth is round.＂The teacher told the students_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ .6、The guard said to Lenin,＂Please show me your pass.＂The guard asked Tom_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ .7、Danny said ,＂Are you leaving today or tomorrow, Ling Ming ＂Danny asked Li Ming_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ ______ ______.8、He said ,＂My sister was here two days ago, but she is not here now＂He said _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____, but_____ was not there then.参考答案：一、单项选择1-5 DDCDC BDCDD二、直接引语转换间接引语参考答案1. She said that she had seen a note on her desk.2. Mother said that she would go to the park the next day.3. He told me that my brother had broken it.4. Tom said that hissister had been there three days before. 5. She told me that they had stayed there for two weeks. 6. She said that she had given up smoking. 7. The young man told him that they had known each other for about three years. 8. He said that he hadn’t seen her those days.9. Mary said that her mother had given her a new book as a present the day before. 10. The teacher asked me whether I liked English or Chinese. 11. She asked me what I had done the day before. 12. Mother asked me if/whether I would like an apple. 13. She asked me not to open the door. 14. The teacher told us to go there early the next day. 15. She asked whether/if I had gone to the cinema the night before. 16. The old man told me us to keep the door closed. 17. The teacher asked whether we had gone there by train or by bus.18. Jim said that they were playing on the playground.三、在横线上填上合适的词1. Was2. why/ that3. asked/ ordered4. that5. advised /asked / ordered6. what7.lets / has / makes8. had been / had served9. she 10.if / whether四、单项选择1-5DBCAD 6-10BABCA五、巩固练习：答案：1. if the door was open or closed 2. she had left her coat in my room3. that she had written to her friends the day before 4 .when I would be back the next time 5. that the earth is round 6 .to show him his pass7 .whether he was leaving that day or the next day 8. his sister had been there two days before ,she .。

初中直接引语变间接引语讲解与练习

初中直接引语变间接引语讲解与练习直接引语和间接引语概述1.我们把引述别人的话语可归纳为两种方式，一种是直接引述别人的话语，并置于引号之内的称为直接引语，另一种是用自己的语言转述别人的话语，称为间接引语，间接一般构成宾语从句。

The teacher asked, “Do you like English?”老师问：“你喜欢英语吗？”（直接引语）The girl said that she liked English very much. 这个女孩说她非常喜欢英语。

（间接引语）2.一般在直接引语或间接引语当中都有一个引述动词，如tell, ask, say等。

这些引述动词和它们的主语所放位置比较灵活，可以放在直接引语之前、之后或其中。

主语如果是名词时，可以倒装。

“主语+引述动词”放在间接引语当中就相当于宾语从句的主语部分。

He told me, “I am going to Changchun tomorrow.”他告诉我：“明天我打算去长春。

”“Where are you from?” asked Linda. “你来自哪里？”琳达问。

直接引语变间接引语的变化形式1.人称代词和指示代词的变化指示代词this 和these通常变为that和those 。

人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。

从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。

例如：He said, “I came to help you.”他说：“我是来帮助你的。

”→He said that he had come to help me.他说他是来帮助我的。

2.时态的变化（1）引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。

（2）引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。

具体变化如下：一般现在时→一般过去时一般过去时→过去完成时现在进行时→过去进行时现在完成时→过去完成时一般将来时→过去将来时（1）含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。

直接引语转间接引语讲解,练习题及答案

直接引语转间接引语讲解,练习题及答案当直接引语中有情态动词时，间接引语中要保留情态动词，并根据时态和语态的变化来确定情态动词的形式。

例如：He said。

"I can swim."→He said that he could swim.当直接引语中有时间状语或地点状语时，间接引语中要相应地改变时间或地点状语的位置和形式。

例如：She said。

"I will ___."→She said that she would meet me there the next day.当直接引语中有复合句时，间接引语中要把宾语从句变成陈述句，并根据时态和语态的变化来确定动词的形式。

例如：He said。

"I don't know where she is."→He said that he didn't know where she was.Direct ___ it is ___ into indirect speech。

the tense remainsthe same。

For example: "They told their son。

'The earth goes round the sun.'" es "They told their son that the earth goes roundthe sun."When turning direct speech into indirect speech。

pronouns。

time adverbs。

and place adverbs ___: "He said。

'I ___.'" es"___."Note: If ___ is taking place in the same n。

直接引语变间接引语专项练习题（有答案）

直接引语变间接引语专项练习题（有答案）直接引语变间接引语专项练习题一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I am having supper,” he said.He said that _______ _______ having supper.2. “I’ve seen the film,” Gina said to me.Gina _______ me that she _______ _______ the film.3. “I went home with my sister,” she said.She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister.4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”The teacher said that the sun _______ bigger than the moon.5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me.He told me that he _______ met her the day _______.6. “You must come here before five,” he said.He said that I _______ to go _______ before five.7. “I bought the computer two weeks ago,” she said.She said that she _______ bought the computer two weeks _______.8. “Did you read the book last week?” he said.He _______ _______ I had read the book the week _______.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _______ Jim that he _______ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _______ _______ _______ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _______ _______ _______ been _______ days.12 “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _______ _______ knew where she _______.13. “Keep quiet, children.” he said.He _______ the children _______ _______ quiet.14. “Don’t look out of the window,” she said.She told me _______ _______ _______ out of the window.15. “Are you interested in this?” he said.He _______ _______ I was interested in _______.二、将直接引与改为间接引语1．He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.”2．She said: “He will be busy.”3．She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”4．She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”5．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”6．The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.”7．The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”8．The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”9．My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”10．The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”11．He said, “We are still students.’12．He said to me, “I was born in 1978.13．The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”14．He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.”15．She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.16．Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”17．He said, “We insisted that she start immediately.18．She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.”19．I said to him, “I have finished it.”20．She said to us,“ I’ll come here tomorrow.”直接引语变间接引语练习题1．He said, “I’ve left my book in my room.”2．She asked me, “Is this book yours or his?”3．The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?”4．She said, “He will be busy.”5．She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”6．The teacher sa id, “The earth goes round the sun.”7．My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”8．The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”9．He said, “We are still students.”10．He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”11．He said, “I have studied English since 2000.”12．I said to him, “I have finished it.”13．She said to us,“ I’ll come here tomorrow.”14．“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Jane?” the young man asked. 15．“I have gotten the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said ha ppily.16．“Light travels faster than sound,” the phy sics teacher said to the boys and girls.17．“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me. 18．“What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother.直接引语变间接引语专练题（二）Ⅰ.单项选择1. He asked ________ for the computer.A. did I pay how muchB. I paid how muchC. how much did I payD. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. →He asked me _______.A. had I seen the filmB. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the filmD. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me.→He ______ me _____ the window.A. said to; to closeB. told to; closingC. asked ; to closeD. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. →He said _________.A. that I am a teacherB. I was a teacherC. that he is a teacherD. he was a teacher5. He s aid, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He_____- very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy wasB. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy wasD. spoke to his mother that the boy was6. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked.→She asked ________.A. if I have already got well, hadn’t youB. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got wellD. had I already got well.7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”→He asked m e _________.A. am I a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” →He asked _______.A. how am I getting alongB. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting alongD. how was I getting along9. He asked me ________ with me.A. what the matter isB. what the mater wasC. what’s the ma tterD. what was the matter10. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again.A. said to me; not to doB. said to me; don’t doC. told me; don’t doD. told me; not to do11. He asked me _________.A. if she will comeB. how many books I want to haveC. they would help me to do itD. how it happened巩固练习：1. Our teacher asked us _____ our dictionaries to school.A. bringB. broughtC. bringD. to bring2. The teacher told the boy students ______ football on the grass.A. not playB. not to playC. playedD. playing3. ____ Tom didn’t go to school?A. Do you know howB. Why do you knowC. How you know whyD. Do you know why4. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _____ that prevents her from being as happy as before?A. what it isB. it is whatC. how it isD. it is how5. Betty asked her sister ____ to the railway station to see her off.A. not to comeB. not to goC. to not comeD. to not go6. The pupil asked his teacher _____ round the earth.A. weather the moon goesB. that the moon wentC. whether the moon goesD. whether the moon went7. Mr. Li ____ Wang Ling ____ a taxi to the airport.A. asked; takeB. asked; takingC. told; takeD. told; to take8. She asked him ____.A. whose dictionary this isB. whose dictionary that wasC. whose dictionary is thisD. whose dictionary that is9. Mary’s mother asked her _____.A. that whether she had finished her homeworkB. if she has finished her homeworkC. if she had finished her homeworkD. that if she had finished her homework10. Do you know ____?A. what is he doingB. what he doingC. what he is doingD. what does he do now11. I don’t know ____ to learn English.A. when did he beginB. when he beganC. he when beganD. when he begins12. He asked me ____.A. how would the weather be like tomorrowB. what the weather would be like the next dayC. how the weather would be like tomorrowD. what would the weather be like the next day13. You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Spring Festival presents.A. how excited they wereB. how excited were theyC. how they were excitedD. they were how excited14. She told me that she ____ by her relatives at the bus stop.A. had been seen offB. have seen offC. have been seen offD. had seen off15. Do you remember how many times ____ to Australia?A. had you beenB. did you goC. have you beenD. you have been16. Can you guess ____?A. what is that manB. who that man isC. whom that man isD. who is that man17. More and more students and teachers have began to know ____.A. how important the foreign language areB. how the foreign language is importantC. how important the foreign language isD. how important is the foreign language18. The hostess said that it ___ time that they ___ supper.A. was; hadB. was; had hadC. is; haveD. is; have had19. The boss asked his secretary ____ he had finished typing the report ____.A. if; or notB. if; notC. whether; or notD. whether; not20. I wonder how much _____.A. does he spend on his carB. did he spend on his carC. he spent on his carD. he spent in his car1."my mother took me to an exhibition yesterday."she said.2."we are going to study in Australia next month."they said.3."i'm checking your home work now."his mother said.4."can you tell me how to get to the nearest restaurant?"the man asked the policeman5."is your son going to Shanghai today or tomorrow?"he asked.6."do you remember what your aunt told you last night?"Li ping's father asked him.7."where shall i get off to change to a No.3 bus?"he asked the conductor.8."how many car factories have been built in your country?"he asked me.。

直接引语变间接引语(宾语从句)讲解与练习(附答案)

直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）讲解与练习一．讲解：在复合句中，作宾语的句子（主谓结构）就叫宾语从句。

直接引语变间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。

变化时应注意以下几点：1．引导词（连词）①如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语，引导词用that, that没有实际意义，口语或非正式文体中常省略e.g He said, “My mother is a doctor.”→He said (that) his mother was adoctor.②如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用if。

不能省略 e.g “Are youEnglish?” He asked m e→He asked me if I was English.③如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用特殊疑问句的疑问词，如：whatwhen where which who how等，这些词有意义，不能省略：eg “How old are you ?” He askedm e→He asked me how old I was.二．间接引语的宾语从句中，引导词之后都必须使用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语…），肯定式的宾语从句不用助动词do(did或does) e.g.She asked, “What does he want?”→She asked what he wanted.He asked me ,“Do you like English?”→He asked me if I liked English.三．时态的变化：1.如果主句中的谓语动词用一般过去时,则间接引语中宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。

基本原则是：往过去的方向推一个时态，即一般现在时变成一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，一般将来时变成过去将来时eg:① He asked me, “Do you have a dictionary?”→He asked me if I had a dictionary.② She asked, “What is Tom doing? →She asked what Tom was doing.③ She said ,“I will leave a message on his desk.”→She said that she would leavea message on his desk.2.如果宾语从句表达的是客观真理，自然现象。

直接引语变间接引语【附答案解析】

直接引语变间接引语【附答案解析】直接引语变间接引语专项练习题间接引语的三要素:1.引导词2.语序3.时态⼈称变化间接引语的四种情况:主语+谓语+(引导词)宾语从句(注意语序)1)主语+谓语+陈述句(引导词that 可以省略)2)主语+谓语+⼀般疑问句(if/whether…引导)3)主语+谓语+特殊疑问句（特殊疑问词引导（what,how等）4)祈使句→ask/tell sb.(not) to do sth.1.⼈称变化例1:He said: “I like it very much.”He said that he liked it very much.总结：直接引语为第⼀⼈称时，间接引语⼀般为第三⼈称。

例2：He said to Kate: “How is your sister ?”He asked Kate how was her sister.总结：主语为第⼆⼈称，间接引语中⼈称跟引号外的主语⼀致例3：Mr. Smith said: “John is a good student.”Mr. Smith said John was a good student.总结：主语为第三⼈称时，间接引语中⼈称⼀般不变化。

归纳：⼀随主，⼆随宾，第三⼈称不更新。

2.时间、地点变化：He said, “I lost a key here yesterday.”He said that he had lost a key there the day before/the previous day.“I read the book here a week ago,”Jane said to him.Jane told him that she had read the book there a week before.She said, “I’ll come here again tonight.”She said she would go there again that night.May said to Tom, “I’ll bring some photos here to you tomorrow.”May told Tom she would take some photos there to him the next day. Practie11. “I went to the Great Wall yesterday,”Li Hua said.→Li Hua said that he had gone to the Great Wall the day before.2.“We have to finish our experiment, ”they said.→They said they had to finish their experiment.3.“You speak English very well.”the teacher said to me. →The teacher told me I spoke English very well.4.My teacher said, “she is a good student.”→My teacher said she was a good student5.She says,”I will go to Beijing next month.”→She says she will go to Beijing the next month.时态变化：1）例句分析He said, “I can do well in English.”He said that he could do well in English.He said, “I'm writing a letter.”He said that he was writing a letter.“I saw her last Monday,”he said.He said he had seen her the previous Monday.“I have seen her before,”said he.He said he had seen her before.He said: “I had finished my homework.”He said he had finished his homework.Tom said to me “I will call you tomorrow.”Tom told me that he would call me the next day.总结：I. 将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空⼀词：1. “I never eat meat.”he said.He said that ______ never ______ meat.2. “I’ve found my wallet.”he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.”she said.She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.”he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.6. “You must come here before five.”he said.He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.”he said.He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.8. “Did you see her last week?”he said.He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?”he asked.He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?”he asked. He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.”he said.He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise.14. “Don’t tell him the news.”she said.She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news.15. “Are you interested in this?”he said.He ______ ______ I was interested in ______.【参考答案】1. he, ate2. told, had, found, his3. she, had, taken4. rise, goes5. told, had, before6. had, there7. had, before 8. asked, if [whether], before9. told, could 10. how, she, had11. where, I, had, those 12. if [whether], I, lived13. told, to, stop 14. not, to, tell15. asked, if [whether], thatII.巩固练习：1. Our teacher asked us _____ our dictionaries to school.A. bringB. broughtC. bringD. to bring2. The teacher told the boy students ______ football on the grass.A. not playB. not to playC. playedD. playing3. ____ Tom didn’t go to school?A. Do you know howB. Why do you knowC. How you know whyD. Do you know why4. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _____ that prevents her from being as happy as before?A. what it isB. it is whatC. how it isD. it is how5. Betty asked her sister ____ to the railway station to see her off.A. not to comeB. not to goC. to not comeD. to not go6. The pupil asked his teacher _____ round the earth.A. weather the moon goesB. that the moon wentC. whether the moon goesD. whether the moon went7. Mr. Li ____ Wang Ling ____ a taxi to the airport.A. asked; takeB. asked; takingC. told; takeD. told; to take8. She asked him ____.A. whose dictionary this isB. whose dictionary that wasC. whose dictionary is thisD. whose dictionary that is9. Mary’s mother asked her _____.A. that whether she had finished her homeworkB. if she has finished her homeworkC. if she had finished her homeworkD. that if she had finished her homework10. Do you know ____?A. what is he doingB. what he doingC. what he is doingD. what does he do now11. I don’t know ____ to learn English.A. when did he beginB. when he beganC. he when beganD. when he begins12. He asked me ____.A. how would the weather be like tomorrowB. what the weather would be like the next dayC. how the weather would be like tomorrowD. what would the weather be like the next day13. You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Spring Festival presents.A. how excited they wereB. how excited were theyC. how they were excitedD. they were how excited14. She told me that she ____ by her relatives at the bus stop.A. had been seen offB. have seen offC. have been seen offD. had seen off15. Do you remember how many times ____ to Australia?A. had you beenB. did you goC. have you beenD. you have been16. Can you guess ____?A. what is that manB. who that man isC. whom that man isD. who is that man17. More and more students and teachers have began to know ____.A. how important the foreign language areB. how the foreign language is importantC. how important the foreign language isD. how important is the foreign language18. The hostess said that it ___ time that they ___ supper.A. was; hadB. was; had hadC. is; haveD. is; have had19. The boss asked his secretary ____ he had finished typing the report ____.A. if; or notB. if; notC. whether; or notD. whether; not20. I wonder how much _____.A. does he spend on his carB. did he spend on his carC. he spent on his carD. he spent in his car[答案]1-5:DBDAB 6-10:CDBCC 11-15:BBAAD 16-20:BCACCIII.将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空⼀词：1. “I am having supper,”he said.He said that _______ _______ having supper.2. “I’ve seen the film,”Gina said to me.Gina _______ me that she _______ _______ the film.3. “I went home with my sister,”she said.She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister.4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”The teacher said that the sun _______ bigger than the moon.5. “I met her yesterday,”he said to me.He told me that he _______ met her the day _______.6. “You must come here before five,”he said.He said that I _______ to go _______ before five.7. “I bought the computer two weeks ago,”she said.She said that she _______ bought the computer two weeks _______.8. “Did you read the book last week?”he said.He _______ _______ I had read the book the week _______.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _______ Jim that he _______ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _______ _______ _______ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?”he asked.He asked me _______ _______ _______ been _______ days.12 “Do you know where she lives?”he asked.He asked _______ _______ knew where she _______.13. “Keep quiet, children.”he said.He _______ the children _______ _______ quiet.14. “Don’t look out of the window,”she said.She told me _______ _______ _______ out of the window.15. “Are you interested in this?”he said.He _______ _______ I was interested in _______.[答案]1. he was2.told, had seen3.she had gone4.is5.had before6.had there7.had before8.asked if/whether, before9.told,could 10.how she had 11.where I had, those 12.if/whether I, lived 13.told, to keep 14.not to look 15.asked if/whether, thatIV. 将所给直接引语变为间接引语1．He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.”2．She said: “He will be busy.”3．She said to T om, “Can you help me?”4．She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”5．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”6．The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.”7．The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”8．The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”9．My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”10．The boy said to us, “I usually get up at six every day.”11．He said, “We are still students.’12．He said to me, “I was born in 1978.13．The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”14．He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.”15．She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus. 16．Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”17．He said, “We insisted that she start immediately.18．She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.”19．I said to him, “I have finished it.”20．She said to us,“I’ll come here tomorrow.”21．“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?”the young man asked.22．“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,”the little boy saidhappily.23．“Light travels faster than sound,”the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.24．“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?”Mary asked me. 25．“What did you do here yesterday?”the old man asked my brother. 附答案：1．He told me that he had left his book in his room.2．She said that he would be busy.3．She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.4．She asked me whether that book was mine or his.5．The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.6．The teacher told the students not to waste their time.7．The mother asked Tom to get up early.8．The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.9．My father said practice makes perfect.10．The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.11．He said they are still students.12．He told me that he was born in 1978.13．The engineer said he was at college in 1967.14．He said he had studied English since he was a boy.15．She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus. 16．Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.17．He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.18．She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.19．I told him I had finished it.20．She told us she would come here tomorrow21．The young man asked Karen where her chemistry teacher lived. 22．The little boy said happily that he had gained the first place in the mathematics competition.23．The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light travels fasterthan sound.24．Mary asked me if / whether I would go to the concert with her that evening.25．The old man asked my brother what he had done there the day before.。

直接引语变间接引语(宾语从句)讲解与练习(附答案)知识讲解

直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）讲解与练习一．讲解：在复合句中，作宾语的句子（主谓结构）就叫宾语从句。

直接引语变间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

直接引语与间接引语直接引语：一字不改的引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分即为直接引语。

一般前后用引号，首字母大写。

间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分即为间接引语。

通常以宾语从句的形式出现，不用引号。

直接引语变为间接引语时，要注意人称、时态、连接词、语序以及时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化。

一、人称变化直接引语是第一人称变为间接引语时，一般要变为第三人称；第二人称变为与主句的间接宾语相一致的人称（如果没有间接宾语，可根据上下文的体会确定一个人称）；第三人称一般不改变。

例如He told me，＂I’ll give you a book when I meet you again.＂—He told me he would give me a book when he met me again.二、时态的变化如果主句是过去式态，变为间接引语时应向前推一个时态。

即一般现在时---一般过去式，现在进行时---过去进行时，现在完成时---过去完成时，一般过去时---过去完成时，过去进行时---过去进行时，一般将来时---过去将来时,现在完成进行时---过去完成进行时，过去完成时---过去完成时，过去完成进行时---过去完成进行时。

等。

例如 She wondered:＂When will the meeting begin.＂—She wondered when the meeting would begin.但在以下几种情况下，间接引语的时态不用变化。

1、当直接引语表示的是客观真理或经常性的特点时。

例如She said,＂The earth goes around the sun＂.--She said that the earth goes around the sun.2、当直接引语中有绝对具体的过去时间作状语时，保持原来的一般过去时。

例如He said,＂I left home in 1942.—He said he left home in 1942.注：间接引语中的谓语动词有时需要适当的调整。

Say后的直接引语表示陈述或命令时可变为ask; say后的直接引语表示请求或询问时可变为ask.例如The teacher said to me,＂I have seen your book..＂—The teacher told me that she had seen my book.三、连接词的选择1、陈述句陈述句转化为间接引语时用that引导，也可省略that。

主句谓语动词可用直接引语中的said，也可用told来代替，可以说said that，said to sb. that, told sb. that, 不可以直接说told that.主句中的谓语还常有repeat, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think, 等。

例如 Danny said，＂I come from Canada.＂—Danny said that he came from Canada.2、疑问句直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序。

主句的动词常用ask,wonder,want to know等。

1)、一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句时变为间接引语须用if或whether引导。

例如 She asked me,＂Is he a teacher?＂—She asked me if/whether he was a teacher.2}、选择疑问句或反意疑问直接引语是选择疑问句需用or;反意疑问句需用or not变为间接引语时要用whether而不用if.例如 My brother asked me,＂Is Tom tall or short?＂—My brother asked me whether Tom was tall or short.＂You are reading,aren’t you＂he said to me.—He asked me whether I was reading or not.3)、特殊疑问句当直接引语为特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，常变成与疑问句同形的连接词引导的宾语从句，用陈述语序，问号变句号。

例如＂What do you want to eat?＂he asked me.—He asked me what I wanted to eat. 3、祈使句直接引语是祈使句变为间接引语时，要用不定式表示，使其成为 ask /tell /order sb (not) to do sth 句型。

例如＂Don’t open the d oor.＂he said to her.—He asked her not to open the door.4、感叹句感叹句变为间接引语时可用 what或how引导，也可用that引导。

例如 He said，＂What a lovely day it is!＂—He said what a lovely day it was.—He said that it was a lovely day.四、语序的变化当直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序，即连接词+主语+动词的形式。

例如＂Where are you going?＂he asked me.—He asked me where I was going.但当直接引语中特殊疑问词作主语时，语序不变。

例如He asked, “Who is your brother.” －He asked who was my brother.五、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化。

now—then today—that day yesterday—the day before last might—the night before two days ago—two days before next week—the next week tomorrow—the next day the day after tomorrow—in two days’ time 或者two days after here—there this—that these—those come—go bring—take 例如He said,＂I did my homework yesterday.＂—He said he had done his homework the day before.六、情态动词的变化can—could must—had to或者must will—would shall—should may—might一、单项选择：( ) 1. He asked ________ for the computer.A. did I pay how muchB. I paid how muchC. how much did I payD. how much I paid( ) 2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. →He asked me ________. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film( ) 3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. →He ________ me ________ the window.A. said to; to closeB. told to; closingC. asked; to closeD. said to; please close( ) 4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. →He said ________.A. that I am a teacherB. I was a teacherC. that he is a teacherD. he was a teacher( ) 5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He ________ very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy wasB. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy wasD. spoke to his mother that the boy is( ) 6. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked. →She asked ________or not.A. if I have already got well, hadn’t youB. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got wellD. had I already got well( ) 7. He asked, “Are you a Party member or a League member?” →He asked me ________.A. am I a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member( ) 8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” →He asked ________.A. how am I getting alongB. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting alongD. how was I getting along ( )9. He asked me ________ with me.A. what the matter isB. what the matter isC. what’s th e matterD. what was wrong( ) 10. He said, “Don’t do that again.” →He ________ me ________ that again.A. said to; not to doB. said to; don’t doC. told; don’t doD. told; not to do二、直接引语转换间接引语1. “I saw a note on my desk.” she said.2. Mother said, “I’ll go to the park tomorrow.”3. He said to me, “Your brother broke it.”4. Tom said, “My sister was here three days ago.”5. “We stayed there for two weeks.” she told me.6. She said, “I have given up smoking.”7. “We’ve known each other for about three years.” the young man told him.8. “I haven’t seen her these days.” he said.9. “Mother gave me a new book as a present yesterday.” Mary said.10. “Do you like English or Chinese?” the teacher asked me.11. “What did you do yesterday?” she asked me.12. “Would you like an apple?” mother asked me.13. “Don’t open the door.” she said to me.14. “Come here early tomorrow.” the teacher said to us.15. “Did you go to the cinema last night?” she asked.16. “Keep the door closed.” the old man said to us.17. “Did you go there by train or by bus?” the teacher asked.18. “They are playing on the playground.” Jim said.三、在横线上填上合适的词1. He exclaimed how lovely the house ___________.2. We didn’t know ___________ she hadn’t handed in the paper.3. The monitor ___________ the five of us to clean the floor yesterday afternoon.4. Anderson told us ___________ his father had just returned from Shanghai.5. She ___________ us to help the old woman in our village that day.6. My father asked me ___________ was the matter when he came back.7. That fellow always ___________ me clean his shoes for him.8. Tom said that he ___________ in the army for three years.9. — What did Alice say just now? — She said that ___________ would borrow that dictionary form Mary.10. I wonder ___________ she can attend my party this evening.四、单项选择1. Right now, the boss ordered John to hand in his design ________.A. this afternoonB. this afternoonC. todayD. that day2. Jimmy ________ her if she had seen him there that afternoon. A. said to B. asked C. told D. ask3. Uncle Wang ordered us to ________ his house at once. A. come out of B. come C. go out of D. go4. The road is cov ered with snow. I can’t understand ________ they insist on going by motor-bike.A. whyB. whetherC. whenD. how5. Chen Qiang told Mr. Smith that the People’s Republic of China _______ in October 1,1949.A. foundedB. had been foundedC. foundD. was founded6. She said to me that _______ might keep ________ book for two days.A. she; thisB. I; thatC. I; thisD. you; this7. In order to choose the right one, she first asked me _______ I want to use a dictionary for.A. whatB. whyC. howD. whether8. Customers are asked to make sure that they _______ the right change before leaving the shop.A. will giveB. have been givenC. have givenD. will be given9. Linda shouted that you _______ your homework ahead of her.A. finishedB. would finishC. had finishedD. have finished10. My girlfriend asked me _______ I knew it was her birthday that day or not.A. whetherB. thatC. whyD. what五、巩固练习：1、He asked，＂Is the door open or closed.＂He asked _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.2、She said,＂I have left my coat in your room.＂She said _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ ______ ______.3、She said,＂I wrote to my friends yesterday.＂She said _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ ______ _______ ______.4、Mother asked me,＂When will you be back next time.＂Mother asked me_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.5、The teacher told the students,＂The earth is round.＂The teacher told the students_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ .6、The guard said to Lenin,＂Please show me your pass.＂ The guard asked Tom_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ .7、Danny said ,＂Are you leaving today or tomorrow, Ling Ming?＂Danny asked Li Ming_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ ______ ______.8、He said ,＂My sister was here two days ago, but she is not here now＂He said _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____, but_____ was not there then.参考答案：一、单项选择1-5 DDCDC BDCDD二、直接引语转换间接引语参考答案1. She said that she had seen a note on her desk.2. Mother said that she would go to the park the next day.3. He told me that my brother had broken it.4. Tom said that his sister had been there three days before.5. She told me that they had stayed there for two weeks.6. She said that she had given up smoking.7. The young man told him that they had known each other for about three years.8. He said that he hadn’t seen her those days.9. Mary said that (her) mother had given her a new book as a present the day before. 10. The teacher asked me whether I liked English or Chinese. 11. She asked me what I had done the day before. 12. Mother asked me if/whether I would like an apple. 13. She asked me not to open the door. 14. The teacher told us to go there early the next day. 15. She asked whether/if I had gone to the cinema the night before. 16. The old man told me us to keep the door closed. 17. The teacher asked whether we had gone there by train or by bus. 18. Jim said that they were playing on the playground.三、在横线上填上合适的词1. Was2. why/ that3. asked/ ordered4. that5. advised /asked / ordered6. what7.lets / has / makes8. had been / had served 9. she 10.if / whether四、单项选择1-5DBCAD 6-10BABCA五、巩固练习：答案：1. if the door was open or closed 2. she had left her coat in my room3. that she had written to her friends the day before 4 .when I would be back the next time 5. that the earth is round6 .to show him his pass7 .whether he was leaving that day or the next day 8. his sister had been there two days before ,she .。