高考_重点词汇辨析

....专升本常见词汇辨析总结常见动词辨析：1.击，打：hit, beat, defeat, strike单词含义例句hit打中或对准某一点打( 一次击打 )hit sb. on the headbeat连续的敲击The rainingis beating against thewidow.defeat打败某人或集体 (强调结果 )We defeated the enemy.strike用木棒石头等打；打动（抽象意义）I was struck by her beauty.2. 穿： dress, put on, wear, have on单词含义例句dress dress sb.+in ； be dressed in She was dressed in red.put on穿上，强调动作Put on your coat when you go out.wear穿着，带着，强调状态He seldom wears a watch.佩戴首饰、眼镜等have on强调状态，一般不用现在分词和被He always has dark glasses on.动语态3.适合：suit, match, fit单词含义suit花色、款式适合，或与气质、身材等相称match搭配合适，性质相符fit fit尺寸、大小、形状合适4.花费：take, spend, cost, pay单词含义take It takes sb.+time+to do sth.某事需要⋯时间例句This dress doesn't suit me. Have you got another style?The color of the shirt doesn’t match that of the tie.The key doesn ’t fit the lock.例句做It took me 15 minutes to finish thisjob.spend Sb.spend(s)+time/money+(in)I spent 15 minutes doing this work.doing sth.cost sth. cost(s) +sb.+money 某物花费This book cost me 8 dollars.了某人⋯钱pay pay sb. pay(s) +money+forsth.I paid 8 dollars for this book.5. 参加 : attend, join, join in, take part in, enter for单词含义例句attend参加婚礼、会议、上课、听报告等attend a meetingjoin=become a member of加入某个团join the students’ union....体或组织join in参加某项活动take part in参加群众性活动，强调在该项活动中发挥了一定作用enter for报名参加某项比赛或考试6.毁坏：damage/destroy/ruin单词含义damage价值、用途降低或外表损坏destroy彻底毁坏，很难修复ruin逐渐毁掉，常含比喻的隐含意义7.发现：find, find out, discover, invent单词含义find侧重发现的结果find out经过研究或询问查明某事或真相discover偶然或经过努力发现原来存在但不为人所知的事物invent运用智慧发明新事物join in the discussion take part in takepart insocial activitiesenter for the race例句My house was damaged in the heavy rain. The big fire destroyed the little town. My breakfast was ruined by what yousaid.例句He finally found his key.I will find out what happened.The scientists can discover more secrets of the universe.Thomas Edison invented the light bulb.8. 改变： change, alter, vary, turn单词含义例句change翻天覆地大变化，变得与原物完全不同I have changed my mind.alter局部的、外表的变化，本质不变This dress need altering a little.vary一系列变化，强调种类多样，连续变化Customs vary with the times.turn变成，强调变化的结果In this cartoon fairy tale, a princeturns into a frog.9 得到 : achieve, acquire, gain, obtain单词含义例句achieve由于努力，克服困难后达到目标Achieve one ’s goalacquire经过努力获得的知识、技术等抽象acquire a bad habit东西，或养成习惯等gain通过竞争或战争，历尽艰幸获得有No pains, no gains.价值的东西obtain通过乞求或长时间付出代价得到渴obtain employment望的东西10. 要求： request, require, demand单词含义例句reques有礼貌的请求；正式的请求Many people requested another song.t....requir要求所必需的东西；法律、协议、All passengers are required to show e规章以及其他客观情况的要求their tickets.demand主观要求，坚决或强烈要求They are demanding higher wages.单词用法reques request sb. to do sth. request that sb. should do sth.trequir require sb. to do sth. require that sb. should do sth.e require doing=require to be donedemand demand to do sth. demand that sb. should do sth.11.separate, divide单词含义用法separate把⋯从⋯中分离出来( 把原来是一个整体separate ⋯from ⋯的，或靠近的东西分离出来 )divide把⋯分成⋯ ( 把一个整体分成若干部分）divide ⋯ into ⋯12.发生: take place, happen, occur, come about, break out单词含义例句take place按照安排，有计划地发生、举行The Olympic Games of 2008 took placein Beijing.happen偶然或突发事件的发生I happened to see a car accident.occur发生 , 突然想到It occurs to me that⋯come about事情已经发生 , 但不知道原因 ,I don ’ t know what have come about.多用于否定和疑问break out战争、疾病、灾难等的突然爆发 A fire broke out last night while wewere sleeping.14. 建议： advise, suggest, persuade单词含义用法advise建议,劝告advise sb. to do sth.advise doing sth.advise that sb. (should) do sth.advise = try to persuadesuggest建议suggest to sb. suggest doing sth.suggest that sb. (should) do sth.persuade说服,劝服 (强调结果 )persuade sb. To do sth.persuade sb. into doing sth.persuade sb. out of doing sth.15.看：glance, glare, glimpse, stare, peer, peep, gaze, gape单词含义例句glance( 粗略地，随便地 )一瞥She gave him a quick glance and smiled.glare怒目而视They glared at each other after a big fight.glimps一瞥，看一眼I caught a glimpse of that girl.estare盯着 ( 粗鲁无礼的 )I told him not to stare at her; it’s rude.peer费力地看She has to peer at things because of her shortsight.peep窥视，偷看The mother peeped into the bedroom.gaze凝视，目不转睛地看He gazed at his beautiful bride.gape吃惊地看着The children gaped at the dinosaur model in themuseum.16. 宣布： declare, announce, proclaim单词主语宾语场合declare则既可以是权力重要的决策、举措或意见主要用于正式场合，也可用于机关或政府首脑，非正式场合announce也可以是普通个公众关心的，特别是具有新可以用于一般场合，也可用于人闻性的事件官方正式公告proclaim只能是权力机关指意义重大的事情正式场合或政府首脑17. consist of/be made up of/be composed of单词用法例句consist of无被动，无进行时Our team consists of five doctors and twonurses.be made up of被动形式，无进行时Our life is made of choices.be composed of被动形式，无进行时Every substance is composed of very smallparticles called molecules.18. 辨析： represent/stand for/on behalf of单词含义例句stand for代表；象征。