牛津英语高三模块九
高三英语模块九Unit1 Other countries, other cultures(学生版)牛津版
高三英语模块九Unit1 Other countries, other cultures(学生版)2020-07-05（一）Reading strategy:阅读课文后，将信息归类，将文章分成段落并写出段意。
______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ （二）Language points: 1. defend(常和from, against 连用)He defended her from the attack of a dog.They defended the city against the enemy.He made a long speech defending his view.= He made a long speech______ _______ ______ his view.2. be located:The house is located next to the river.Rome is located in Italy.Houses must be worth a large amount of money ___________(用现在分词)/____________（用过去分词）(位于) in that areas关注类似的过去分词做表语。
牛津英语高三模块9 Unit3Language points
2) compromise vi. 妥协, 让步 compromise with sb. e.g. Never compromise with the terrorists! 绝不对恐怖分子妥协！ They were unwilling to compromise with boss. 他们不愿意对老板妥协。
2. In salute to the French and their revolution, many countries have chosen to use the same colours on their flags as the French did.
salute 敬礼；致敬 vi. e.g. The soldiers stood at attention and saluted. 士兵们立正敬礼。
1) 本句含有两个which引导的非限制 性定语从句，第二个定语从句 which had nine red and white stripe 与其先行词a national flag 之间间隔 了分词短语dating back to…，该短语 作定语，修饰a national flag，意思 是“追溯到……”。
Байду номын сангаас
7. 医疗队由来自不同医院的20位医生和 护士组成。 made up of The medical team is ____________twenty doctors and nurses from various hospitals. 8. 她面对威胁，拒不低头。 She refused to ________________. submit to threats
Practice: Translate the following sentences into English
牛津英语高三模块9 Unit2 Welcome to the unit
3. Which modern buildings do you think will be famous in 1000 years? 4. What should we do to protect historic scle in Part A on page 115 in Workbook. 2. Search on the Internet or look up information in books to find out other famous historic sites.
Unfortunately, it was destroyed in a fire. Our government has taken measures to repair it and much restoration work still needs to be done.
Please look for more information about other places in the pictures.
Yuanmingyuan in China
The Great Wall in China
Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum and Terra-cotta Army
Summer Palace
Where is it?
In Henan Province.
1. What do you think of these pictures? 2. Are they beautiful?
Angkor Wat, Cambodia
Angkor Wat, located in Siemreap Province, Cambodia, is considered to be one of the most glorious and Worldfamous pieces of architecture. It consists of more than 100 temples, which were built between the 7th and 11th centuries. Since its construction, Angkor Wat has been the cultural home of the Khmer people. It is evidence of The Khmer’s belief in both Hinduism and Buddhism.
(最新整理)牛津英语高三模块9Unit4Grammar
The sentence is a Complex-compound sentence. This happens when coordination(并列关系) and subordination(从属关系) occur in the same sentence.
In compound sentences, there are two or more clauses. They are usually linked by coordinators such as and, or and but. Each clause can stand on its own.
由 so that, in order that, in case等引
导。
6. 结果状语从句
由 so that, so …that, such …that 引导。
7. 让步状语从句
由 though, even though, however, no
matter how/what/who等引导。
2021/7/26
1. An idiom is a group of words or an expression whose meaning is not straightforward, because it often cannot be understood by looking at the meanings of its separate words.
concept, among other things, and
unless you recognize an idiom when it
is being used, it is easy to
misunderstand what you read or hear
牛津英语高三模块9 Unit1 Word power
1. Review the words learned in the lesson. 2. Choose a country you are familiar with to write a short essay, using the words we have learned today.
Word power
Brainstorming
We have learned the passage ‘Canada—land of the maple tree’. What subjects are covered in the reading passage? How are these subjects organized?
Part C
Answers: 1. Great Britain 3. London 5. Cardiff 2. Scotland 4. Edinburgh 6. Belfast
Part D
Write the name of each country in the blank. Glasgow Derry
Scotland
Northern Ireland
Swansea
Birmingham
Wales
England
Group work
Choose a country from the world map and prepare a short speech to introduce the country to your classmates. The speech shall include more than three aspects of the country. Other students shall listen carefully and find out what aspects are mentioned in the speech.
牛津英语高三模块9 Unit1 Project
Part III: Conclusion Australia is a sporting nation. Australia is among the winning nations in most international competitions.
Here are Australia’s medal winners in the Beijing 2008 Olympics.
Rare animals
Duckbill Kangaroo Koala bear
What is Australia famous for?
Aborigines / Kooris
What is Australia famous for?
beautifulNati Nat
It’s time for us to finish our project.
What do you suppose other people think about when China is mentioned? What do you think are the most famous aspects of Chinese culture?
n n
What is Australia famous for?
People love outdoor activities
What is Australia famous for?
2000 Sydney Olympics
Is Australia really a sporting nation?
Why do you think these aspects are famous or important? Which aspect do you want to focus on in you project?
《牛津高中英语》(模块九·高三上学期)Reading模块
《牛津高中英语》（模块九·高三上学期）Unit 4 Reading Biblical idioms in English一、Teaching goals1. Target language: new words and sentence structure2. Ability goals: Enable students to gain some knowledge about idioms, understand their original meanings and learn about their practical usage in English.3. Learning ability goals: Students are expected to practice and reinforce their reading comprehension and improve their overall ability.二、Teaching important and difficult pointsGain some knowledge about idioms, and improve their overall ability三、Teaching aidsA tape recorder and a computer.四、Teaching procedures and waysStep I Lead-in1. Show pictures to students, and introduce something about the Bible.The Bible is often described as "the greatest book ever written." This is because of its unending significance and influence on people throughout the ages. No other book in history has impacted peoples and cultures like the Bible.Many basic concepts and principles of Western culture have come down from the Bible. Many common English phrases and expressions have their origin in the Bible well.Even though it was written more than 2,000 years ago, the Bible continues to influence people today.2. Enjoy a story in it.The Obstacle In Our PathIn ancient times, a king had a boulder placed on a roadway. Then he hid himself and watched to see if anyone would remove the huge rock. Some of the king's wealthiest merchants and courtiers came by and simply walked around it.Many loudly blamed the king for not keeping the roads clear, but none did anything about getting the big stone out of the way. Then a peasant came along carrying a load of vegetables. On approaching the boulder, the peasant laid down his burden and tried to move the stone to the side of the road. After much pushing and straining, he finally succeeded.As the peasant picked up his load of vegetables, he noticed a purse lying in the road where the boulder had been. The purse contained many gold coins and a note from the king indicating that the gold was for the person who removed the boulder from the roadway. The peasant learned what many others never understand. Every obstacle presents an opportunity to improve one's condition.Step II Fast readingscan the Internet article on page 50 quickly and find the answers to the Knowledge questions（细节复述型问题）which elicit factual answers and recognition of information, words, phrases or sentences in the passage as answers.1). What is an idiom?---An idiom is a group of words or an expression whose meaning often cannot be understood by looking at the meanings of the separate words in it.2). Which languages was the Bible first written in?---In Hebrew.3). Which idiom is often used to describe children?---Apple of their parents’ eyeStep III Careful reading1. Listen to the recording and follow, then read it carefully and answer the following questions in Part C1. These questions interpret some information in the passage, so finish them and try to improve the students’ ability to find specific information. 1). Why does the Bible have a lot of idioms?---Because the Bible was first written in Hebrew and then translated into Greek, and many idioms are used in both of them. Because the Bible was translated into English hundreds of years ago, many Hebrew or Greek idioms have become part of the English language.2). What did ‘by and by’originally mean in the Bible?---Immediately.3). What does ‘by and by’mean today?---Before long.4). How many years ago was the Bible translated into English?---Hundreds of years ago.5). What does ‘feet of clay’mean?---There is a hidden weakness in somebody whom we admire or respect.6). Which animals are featured in the idioms in the articles?---Bird and clay.7). Which foods are included in the idioms in the article?---Apple and salt.8). How is studying idioms useful in language learning?---You can improve your comprehension and develop a high level of competence in level of competence in communication skills.2. Complete Part C2, and it serves as a strengthening activity.Step IV Reading strategy: understanding analogies●When trying to understand idiom, it is often helpful to consider the use of analogy, which is a particular type of comparison.●Although analogy can be very hard to guess, clues can often be found in the context.●You should first look at the idiom and create an image in your mind.●Then look at the context to find out the context to find out the analogy and the message.Step V Usage of reading strategy1. I took my mother’s car without asking for permission. She is angry at me. I am in hot water now!2. Don’t tell anyone else that I am looking for a new job. Please keep it under your hat.3. We were not expecting to see Joan. When she suddenly arrived out of the blue, wewere all surprised.Answers: 1. (in trouble) 2. (not tell anybody the secret)3. (suddenly; unexpected)Step VI consolidation3. Finish Part D. Guess the meanings of new words from the context.Answers: 8. h 9. g4 Finish Part E to review and consolidate knowledge in the text.Answers: (1) group (2) idioms (3) translated (4) Green (5) before long (6) underline (7) concept (8) weakness (9) bird (10) hiddenStep VII Discussion●What do you think about English idioms that come from the Bible?●Do you know the origins of any Chinese idioms? What are they?●Do you think understanding idioms is an important part of language learning? Why or why not?Step VIII Language points:1. (Lines 1-2) An idiom is a group of words or an expression whose meaning often cannot be understood by looking at the meanings of the separate words in it.1) Separate here is use d as an adjective with the meaning ‘each or individual (word in the group of words or the expression)’ or ‘ not together’..●The twins share one room, but they sleep in separate beds.●Germany is one nation, but it used to be two separate countries for more than 30 years after World War Ⅱ.2) Separate can also be used as a verb, which means ‘to become apart’or ‘to be not together’..●It is extremely hard to separate two fighting oxen.●The mountain range separates the two countries.Have a try:●As we joined the big crowd I got _____ from my friends.A. separatedB. sparedC. lostD. missed●Students should always remember theory and should not at all be _____ from practice.A.dividedB. stoppedC. separatedD. operated2. (Lines 5-6) …, and unless you recognize when an idiom is being used, you can easily misunderstand what you read or hear spoken.◆The word unless is a conjunction, which means ‘ if not’ or ‘except if’ and is used to introduce an adverbial clause of condition..●Un less I’m mistaken, she was at work yesterday.●You won’t get paid for time off unless you have a doctor’s note.●_______ invited, you should keep silent.A. WhenB. IfC. UnlessD. Since3. (Lines 33-35) For instance, children are often re ferred to as the ‘apple of their parents’ eye’, meaning that their parents love them very much and are very proud of them.1) The preposition as is something used with the phrase refer to, which means ‘to call somebody as’.. He is referred to as the naughtiest student in his class.2) Refer to◆‘Refer to sb/sth’ means to mention or speak about sb/sth.I promised not to refer to the matter again.◆‘Refer to sb/sth’ means to describe or be connected to sb/sth..This paragraph refers to the events of last year.◆‘Refer to sb/sth’ means to look at sth or ask a person for information.You may refer to your note if you want.◆Have a try:The incident ____ took place last Monday.A. referredB. referringC. referred toD. referring toHomework:1. Read the article again.2. Note the important knowledge in the text.Part A1 and A 2 on page 124 in Workbook so they will have more chances to use some useful words and phrases leant in this section.。
牛津英语高三模块9Unit4Project教案（全文5篇）
牛津英语高三模块9Unit4Project教案（全文5篇）第一篇：牛津英语高三模块9 Unit4 Project教案牛津高中英语教学设计单元：Unit 4 Behind beliefs 板块：ProjectThoughts on the design: 本节课是把英语听、说、读、写的训练从课堂内拓展到课堂外的探究性学习课，旨在通过学生对阅读材料——中国最古老的佛教寺庙白马寺“The White Horse Temple”的熟悉的基础上，使学生在积极参与听、说、读、写等一系列的课堂活动的同时，了解佛教如何传入中国、白马寺的建筑风格及它在中国佛教史上的重要地位，以此引导学生探索“介绍一个宗教圣地”该从哪几个方面入手及该类文章的基本结构。
然后根据具体的步骤，通过小组讨论、分工合作、信息检索、交流汇报等形式的活动，用英语完成一份报告：介绍历史上某个有影响的宗教圣地，最后呈现学习成果，创造性地完成学习任务，培养学生综合运用英语的能力。
T eaching aims: After reading a report about a historic religious site “The White Horse Temple”, the students will be able to know about the oldest Buddhist temple in China and what needs to be covered in a report like this.The students will also have the chance to practise their listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities while participating in classroom activities.At the end of the class, the students will practise how to write a report about a historic religious site.Teaching procedures: Step 1Lead-in1.Look at some pictures of oldest temple in China.Q: Do you know which Buddhist temple is the oldest in China? Then present two pictures of the White Horse T emple and students will know that theWhite Horse Temple is the oldest Buddhist temple in China.[Explanation] 学生在该部分主要了解中国最古老的佛教圣地——“The White Horse Temple”。
牛津高中英语模块9Unit3词汇讲解（译林牛津版高三英语选修九教案教学设计）
牛津高中英语模块9Unit3词汇讲解（译林牛津版高三英语选修九教案教学设计）The meaning of colourWords Study1. thread n.线, 细丝, 线索 string n.线, 细绳 rope n.绳, 索, 绳索give me a piece of thread 给我一段线a thread of hope一线希望I must have skipped a page, because I lost the thread of the story.我肯定跳过一页，因为我弄不清故事的脉络了。
2. sew vt, vi sewed, sewn, sewing 缝合（布、皮、纸）；缝制sew a dress for me sew a button on my shirtdo some sewing 缝补衣服sewing machine缝纫机3. values [复]价值观，价值基准；是非标准value n 价值, 重要性；估价, 评价, 价格 v. 估价, 评价; 尊重, 重视Everyone has his valuesWhat is the value of your house? 你的房子值多少钱？Your help has been of great value. 你的帮助很有价值。
He valued the ring at $80. 他估计这枚戒指值80美元。
I value your advice. 我尊重你的劝告。
4. unrest n. 不稳; 不安的状态; 骚乱, 动乱campus unrest 大学学潮, 学生运动financial unrest金融动荡5. unfairly adv. 不公正地 unfair adj. 不公平的 fair 公平的fairness n.公平, 正直,6. starvation n. 饥饿, 饿死 starve v. vt.使饿死 vi.饿得要死die of starvation 饿死 starve for sth. = be dying for渴望…starve to do sth. = be dying to do 渴望做某事Translation:1. 我一直很想与你见面。
牛津高中模块九单元一词汇复习
模块九单元一词汇复习模块九单元一词汇复习一．熟练记忆下面的短语A1.仅次于 second only to2.绚丽的自然风光 fantastic natural scenery3.缩写，简称 for short4.…失去，没有… be lost to5.除…之外，此外 in addition to6.靠近 be close to7.为…所在地 be home to8.像…的形状 be shaped like9.外出寻找（成功或发财）机会 seek one’s fortune10.一把，少数，少量 a handful of11.与….相匹配 go with12.只是…而已，仅仅 little more than13.由…组成 consist of14.充满 be filled with15.含有丰富的… be abundant inB1.对体育的热衷2.满足于/甘愿做某事3.被控告/批评4.把…归功于5.装备有6.参加7.把…和…相联系8.区别，辨别9.吸引，呼吁10.尤其，特别11.而不是12.被认为是13.除此之外14.被输出到15.一种必备条件16.变成，求助于，转向Keys:1. devotion to sport2. be content to do sth3. be accused of4. owe.....to....5. be equipped with6. participate in7. associate.....with...... 8. distinguish .......from9. appeal to 10. in particular / best of all11. rather than 12. be considered to be13. in addition 14. be exported to15. a must 16. turn to二．单词拼写记忆A1. Mother is putting a clean s_______ on the bed.2. Shanghai began long ago as a small fishing s____________ on the Huangpu River.3. The country finally gained its independence today, and every citizenwould remember this h___________ moment forever.4. You cannot cross the b_________ without a passport.5. It is f__________ cold outside and you should wear more thick clothes.6. After such a long thirsty journey, the ____________ (旅行者) drank the fresh spring water.7. Sport and ____________ (娱乐) have always been part of university life.8. The rubbish bins are kept at the end of the __________(小巷).9. As a speaker, Bill is quite lively and _____________ (充满活力的).10. The tourists were very satisfied with the restaurant because its _________ (菜肴) was excellent.Keys: 1. sheet 2. settlement 3. historic 4. border 5. freezing 6. traveler 7. recreation 8. alley 9. dynamic 10. cuisineB1. He is ________ to remain where he is now.2. Yao Ming has already ___________ himself as a basketball player.3. It was so hot that classroom were _________ with electric fans.4. He ________ his success to hard work.5. His role in the affair is ____________.6. In our country, teenagers under 16 years old must accept ______ education.7. Their _________ love of work is owing to the fierce competition.8. The film, Harry potter and the Philosopher's Stone, _________the audience.9. The school was _________ quite small.10. __________ his abilities, he should have done better.Keys: 1. content 2. distinguished 3. equipped 4. owed 5. ambiguous6. compulsory7. absolute8. thrilled9. originally 10. ConsideringCThere is nothing 1.__________about Australians’love of sport. Their absolute love of it seems 2.___________. Anywhere Australians get together, whose conversation usually turns to sport. However, Australians’3._________to sport does not mean that most of them actually do much sport. Only about one quarter of Australians exercise enough. The rest are 4._______to sit in their armchairs and watch. Still, Australia is considered to be a great sporting nation. The climate is mild, neither too hot nor too cold. There is plenty of space. Sydney is a city with 37 beaches, most of 5._______ can be reached within 30 minutes by public transport from the city center. Many people 6. _______ their love of sport to their perfect weather conditions for it.There are several sports Australians are fond of. First, many people often play tennis in their spare time since most tennis courts are 7._______ with lights. Second, the sport is known as soccer in Australia, to 8._______it from Australian rules football. Third, cricket isoriginally from the UK and has been 9.________ to and followed in Australia influenced by Britain.As far as Australia’s small population is 10._______________, its outstandingperformance at the Olympic Games was really amazing. In a word, Australia is indeed a great sporting nation.Keys:1.ambiguous 2. compulsory 3. devotion 4. content 5. which6.owe7. equipped8. distinguish9. exported10.concerned三．选词填空。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
( M9 U3 ) 高三英语学案1 ( Reading )编殷军林教学内容：Paragraphs 1-4 in Reading.教学重难点：1. Understand the passage. 2. Master the use of the following key points.I. Translate the following:1. 一个独立的国家2. 不仅仅3. 法国革命开始时4. 不公平地对待某人5. 死于饥饿6. 遍及全国7. 在革命的强化下，法国后来成了一个不同的国家。
8. 在方面是成功的9. 使社会摆脱不平等10. 用三色旗替换他们的国旗II. Practice:1. You should _________ the bad habit.A. get rid ofB. be rid ofC. rid yourself ofD. A B &C2. He was elected _________ of the company.A. the presidentB. presidentC. a presidentD. A & B3. She _________ small pieces of cloth together and ________ a pretty dress for her daughter.A. sewed; madeB. made; sewedC. makes; sewsD. sews; makes4. The young have a completely different set of _________ and expectations.A. ideaB. valuesC. costsD. belief5. Don't _________ --- just because they are late doesn't mean they’ve had an accident.A. draw conclusionsB. lead to conclusionsC. jump to conclusionsD. arrive at conclusions6. Steve’s opposition only _________ her determination to go ahead.A. strengthenedB. madeC. forcedD. encouraged7. She became the first black woman ________ to the Senate (参议院).A. to electB. to be electedC. electingD. being elected8. Beckham __________ in the second half after a knee injury.A. substitutedB. was substitutedC. took the placeD. replaced9. Finland gained _________ Russia during the First World War.A. independent fromB. independence fromC. independence ofD. independence by10. The job will make him independent ________ his parents.A. fromB. ofC. awayD. by11. ______ in 1936, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being foundedB. It was foundedC. FoundedD. Founding12. He was ________ great success as an engineer. And he succeeded _______ many famous bridges.A. a; in designingB. a; to designC. /; to designD. /; in designing13. As a basketball player, YaoMing has ______ size. His skills and personal qualities are also charming.( M9 U3 ) 高三英语学案2 ( Reading )编写殷军林教学内容：Paragraphs 5-10 in Reading.教学重难点：1. Understand the passage. 2. Master the use of the following key points.I. Translate the following:1. 出自于；来自于2. 组成；构成3. 对…直率地发表意见4. 在政府中有发言权5. 独立宣言6. 从英国分离出去7. 一个自治国家8. 提醒人们记起原来的13个州9. 携手为独立而战10. 追溯到13 世纪11. 与…有联系12. 赤道穿越印度尼西亚。
II. Practice:1. The church, ________ the 14th century is still well preserved.A. dates back toB. dating back toC. that dates back toD. which dated back to2. We have ________ in the plan.A. no sayB. no sayingC. not sayD. no a say3. He joined a football club _________ more than 200 members.A. consists ofB. making up ofC. consisted ofD. consisting of4. Please remind me ________ I must call her up before nine.A. to tellB. of thatC. thatD. what5. The school can’t tolerate _________ on exams.A. cheatB. cheatedC. to cheatD. cheating6. She refused to tolerate _________ a liar.A. calledB. callingC. being calledD. to be called7. Congress is continuing to ________ the President’s healthcare budget.A. opposeB. oppose toC. reject toD. refuse8. He put forward a suggestion ________ she ________ a doctor.A. that; sawB. /; seeC. that; should seeD. which; see9. The young lady ______________________________ her wish to be married. （对…直言不讳）10. She intends ___________________________ at the end of the year. （离开乐队）11. The color white _______________________ a symbol of purity in Indonesia. （被看作）用considerate 的适当形式填空：12. Low price and good condition are two __________________ in buying a car.13. There was a ______________________ growth of the light industries during the war.14. It’s ___________________ of you to send me a birthday card.( M9 U3 ) 高三英语学案1 ( Reading )教师用编写：王春兰审校：殷军林教学内容：Paragraphs 1-4 in Reading.教学重难点：1. Understand the passage. 2. Master the use of the following key points.I. Translate the following:1. 一个独立的国家an independent country2. 不仅仅more than3. 法国革命开始时at the beginning of the French Revolution4. 不公平地对待某人treat sb. Unfairly5. 死于饥饿die of starvation6. 遍及全国throughout the country7. 在革命的强化下，法国后来成了一个不同的国家。
Strengthened by the revolution, France became a different country afterwards.8. 在方面是成功的be successful in9. 使社会摆脱不平等rid society of inequality10. 用三色旗替换他们的国旗substitute their flags with tricolour flagsII. Practice:1. You should _________ the bad habit.A. get rid ofB. be rid ofC. rid yourself ofD. A B &C2. He was elected _________ of the company.A. the presidentB. presidentC. a presidentD. A & B3. She _________ small pieces of cloth together and ________ a pretty dress for her daughter.A. sewed; madeB. made; sewedC. makes; sewsD. sews; makes4. The young have a completely different set of _________ and expectations.A. ideaB. valuesC. costsD. belief5. Don't _________ --- just because they are late doesn't mean they’ve had an accident.A. draw conclusionsB. lead to conclusionsC. jump to conclusionsD. arrive at conclusions6. Steve’s opposition only _________ her determination to go ahead.A. strengthenedB. madeC. forcedD. encouraged7. She became the first black woman ________ to the Senate (参议院).A. to electB. to be electedC. electingD. being elected8. Beckham __________ in the second half after a knee injury.A. substitutedB. was substitutedC. took the placeD. replaced9. Finland gained _________ Russia during the First World War.A. independent fromB. independence fromC. independence ofD. independence by10. The job will make him independent ________ his parents.A. fromB. ofC. awayD. by11. ______ in 1936, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being foundedB. It was foundedC. FoundedD. Founding12. He was ________ great success as an engineer. And he succeeded _______ many famous bridges.A. a; in designingB. a; to designC. /; to designD. /; in designing13. As a basketball player, YaoMing has ______ size. His skills and personal qualities are also charming.( M9 U3 ) 高三英语学案2 ( Reading )教师用编写：王春兰审校：殷军林教学内容：Paragraphs 5-10 in Reading.教学重难点：1. Understand the passage. 2. Master the use of the following key points.I. Translate the following:1. 组成；构成make up2. 对…直率地发表意见be outspoken about sth.3. 在政府中有发言权have a say in the government4. 独立宣言the Declaration of Independence5. 从英国分离出去split from Britain6. 一个自治国家an autonomous country7. 提醒人们记起原来的13个州remind people of the original 13 states8. 携手为独立而战join together to fight for independence from Britain9. 追溯到13 世纪date back to the 13th century10. 与…有联系have a link with11. 赤道穿越印度尼西亚。