助动词

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助动词

助动词

助动词Auxiliaries动词表示动作形态,但英语里有些动词并不表示动作形态,而是协助主动词表示时态(tenses)或语态(voices)。

这些动词叫助动词(auxiliary verbs)英语中助动词主要有三类:一是基本助动词,如have, do, be;二是半助动词, 如be about to等;三是情态助动词,如may, must, need等。

基本助动词助动词可表示动词时态和语态,构成疑问句和否定句,例如“have, has, had”用来构成完成时态;“be, is, are, am, been, was, were, being” 构成被动语态What do you do every day?Betty has completed her work on time. Jason is writing a new book. A rat was caught by a cat.构成疑问句附加语,如:Mr. Chen has not become a businessman, has he?Jason's lectures are clear and easy-to-understand, aren't they?构成省略句,如:The boss doesn't often come to the factory and when he does, it is generally on Sunday.半助动词在功能上介乎主动词和助动词之间的一类结构,称为半助动词。

常见的半助动词有be about to, be apt to, be bound to, be due to, be going to, be liable to, be likely to, be obliged to, be supposed to, be willing to, have to, seem to, chance to, have got to, turn out to, tend to等。

助动词

助动词
助动词
英语语法
01 定义
03 作用
目录
02 分类 04 具体用法
协助主要动词构成谓语的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb),也叫辅助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词 (Main Verb)。助动词用来构成时态和语态。助动词具有语法意义,但除情态助动词外没有词汇意义,不可单 独作谓语。它没有对应的汉译,例如: He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语。(does是助动词,无词义; like是主要动词,有词义)
作用
助动词协助主要动词完成以下作用 助动词a.表示时态,例如: He is singing.他在唱歌。 He has gotten married.他已结婚。 b.表示语态,例如: He was sent to England.他被派往英国。 c.构成疑问句,例如: Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗? Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗? d.与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如: I did not (=didn't )like him.我不喜欢他。
定义
最常用的助动词有:be, have/has, do/does/did, shall, should, will, would等。 助动词可以协助主要动词构成时态或者语态,也可构成疑问句和否定句,构成否定句时与否定副词not连用。
分类
半助动词 在功能上介于主动词和助动词之间的一类结构,称为半助动词。 常见的半助动词有: be to, be about to, be due to, be going to, be likely to, be meant to, be obliged to, be supposed to, be willing to, have to, seem to, be unable to, be unwilling to.等。 情态助动词 1.情态助动词包括will(would), shall(should), can(could), may(might), must, need to, dare to, ought to, used to, had better,有词汇意义,后接动词原形(没有to的不定式)。 2.情态助动词没有主语是第三人称单数时,词尾不加s。 如:She will come here.

(完整版)什么是助动词

(完整版)什么是助动词

什么是助动词1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。

被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。

助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语。

(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)2)助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:a. 表示时态,例如:He is singing.他在唱歌。

He has got married.他已结婚。

b. 表示语态,例如:He was sent to England.他被派往英国。

c. 构成疑问句,例如:Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗?Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗?d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:I don't like him.我不喜欢他。

e. 加强语气,例如:Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。

He did know that.他的确知道那件事。

3)最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would助动词be的用法1)be +现在分词,构成进行时态,例如:They are having a meeting.他们正在开会。

English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。

2)be + 过去分词,构成被动语态,例如:The window was broken by Tom..窗户是汤姆打碎的。

English is taught throughout the world.世界各地都教英语。

3)be + 动词不定式,可表示下列内容:a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排,例如:He is to go to New York next week..他下周要去纽约。

助动词有哪些

助动词有哪些

助动词有哪些
助动词⼜叫辅助动词,它不能单独作谓语,需要跟主要动词⼀起构成谓语。

在英语中常见的助动词有do、does、did、have、has、would、should、will、be、shall等,汉语中助动词有应该、能、会、可能、能够、要等。

在英语中,助动词没有词汇意义、但是有语法意义。

⽐如,I don't like eat apple.do是没有词汇意义的助动词,它和主要动词like⼀起构成谓语,但是do不能单独作谓语。

助动词⼤体上可以划分为三类,⼀是半助动词,它介于助动词和⼀般动词之间,主要有have to、be about to、be able to、be going to、be due to、seem to、be likely to、be meant to、be obliged to、be supposed to、be willing to等;
⼆是情态助动词,这类词后接动词原形,⽽且主语⼈称和数的变化对情态助动词没有影响,如He need some help.这⾥不会因为主语是第三⼈称的缘故就把need变成needs,同时help为原形即可。

情态助动词有must、need、dare、will(would)、
may(might)、shall(should)、can(could)、used to、ought to、had better等;
三是基本助动词,分别是be、do、have以及它们的变形格式。

⽐如,I have finish the homework.助动词只是辅助动词共同构成谓语的,本⾝没有实际含义。

助动词

助动词

助动词一、什么是助动词在英语中,助动词本身没有意义,只是帮助实义动词完成某些语法功能,如构成否定句、疑问句、简略答语等。

助动词主要有be,do,have等。

本节我们主要探究do的基本用法。

二.助动词do的基本用法do有三种形式:原形现在式第三人称单数过去式do的基本用法:构成否定句构成一般疑问句及回答构成特殊疑问句肯定式:do 否定式:do not 缩略否定式:don’t举例:I like that red dress.否定句:I don’t like that red dress.一般疑问句及回答:Do you like that red dress?Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.特殊疑问句:Which dress do you like?现在式第三人称单数肯定式: does 否定式: does not缩略否定式:doesn’t用法:does用在第三人称单数做主语,且时态为一般现在时的句子中。

注意:当does出现时,句子中用动词原形。

举例:She likes that red dress.否定句:She doesn’t like that red dress.一般疑问句及回答:Does she like that red dress?Yes, she does./ No, she doesn’t.特殊疑问句:Which dress does she like?过去式肯定式: did否定式: did not缩略否定式:didn’t用法:did用在时态为一般过去时的句子中, 用于所有人称。

注意:当did出现时,句子中用动词原形。

举例:They wanted to go to Beijing.否定句:They didn’t want to go to Beijing.一般疑问句及回答:Did they like want to go to Beijing?Yes, they did./ No, they didn’t.特殊疑问句:Where did they want to go?一、在一般现在时中,动词do做为助动词无词义,只是帮助一般现在时构成否定句,一般疑问句;作为实义动词,其词义是“做、干”的意思。

助动词详解及用法

助动词详解及用法

助动词详解及用法助动词(Auxiliary Verb)助动词用来构成时态和语态。

助动词具有语法意义,但没有词汇意义,不可单独作谓语。

它没有对应的汉译,例如:He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。

(does是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)情态助动词情态助动词包括will(would), shall(should), can(could), may(might), must, need, dare, ought to, used to, had better后接原形不定词。

情态助动词不受主语的人称和数的限制。

3.两个情态助动词不能连用。

中文:他将能够及时完成此事。

(误)He will can finish it......基本助动词基本助动词只有三个:be, do, have, 它们没有词汇意义,只有语法作用,如协助构成进行体,完成体,被动态,否定句,疑问句等。

例如He is giving a lecture. 他在作报告He has made a plan. 他已经订了计划The small animals are kept in the cages. 小动物都关在笼子里do(does, did) 的用法(1)构成疑问句或否定句He does not smoke. 他不抽烟。

How did you know about it? 你是怎样知道这件事的。

(2)加强语气Do come and see us. 一定来看我们。

He did tell that. 他的确告诉了此事。

(3)代替前面刚出现的动词,避免重复。

-You like popular music, don‘t you? 你喜欢流行音乐,是吧?-Yes , I do.是的,我喜欢。

He speaks French as fluently as she does.他讲法语和她讲的一样流利。

(4) 构成否定的祈使句。

助动词 用法大全

助动词 用法大全

助动词用法大全助动词是一类在句中不具有实际意义,主要用来表示动作或状态的程度、方式、时间、情态等语法意义的词。

助动词在英语中起着非常重要的作用,它们能够用来表达各种语态、时态、情态以及虚拟语气等。

在这篇文章中,我们将深入探讨助动词的用法,包括各种时态、句型和使用技巧等。

一、助动词的定义和分类1. 助动词的定义助动词是指在构成句子时用来帮助其他动词构成时态、语态、情态或表示意愿等语法形式的动词。

助动词一般不单独充当谓语,必须与其他实义动词连用构成谓语。

2. 助动词的分类助动词可分为情态动词和非情态助动词两大类。

情态动词包括can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would等,而非情态助动词包括be, do, have等。

二、助动词的时态和句型1. 助动词在进行时态表达中的作用BE动词是进行时态中的助动词,用于帮助主要动词构成进行时态。

“She is reading a book.”中的is就是助动词,帮助构成进行时态。

2. 助动词在完成时态表达中的作用HAVE动词是完成时态中的助动词,用于帮助主要动词构成完成时态。

“He has finished his homework.”中的has就是助动词,帮助构成完成时态。

3. 助动词在被动语态表达中的作用BE动词是被动语态中的助动词,用于帮助主要动词构成被动语态。

“The book is written by him.”中的is就是助动词,帮助构成被动语态。

4. 助动词在情态语气表达中的作用情态动词用于表达说话人对某种行为或状态的看法、推测、愿望等情态。

“You should study hard.”中的should就是情态动词,表达了说话人的建议或劝告。

5. 助动词在虚拟语气表达中的作用助动词也常用于表达虚拟语气,表示与事实相反或与现实情况不符的假设。

“If I were you, I would study harder.”中的were和would就是助动词,表示与现实情况不符的假设。

什么是助动词

什么是助动词

什么是助动词1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。

被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。

助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语。

(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)2)助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:a. 表示时态,例如:He is singing.他在唱歌。

He has got married.他已结婚。

b. 表示语态,例如:He was sent to England.他被派往英国。

c. 构成疑问句,例如:Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗?Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗?d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:I don't like him.我不喜欢他。

e. 加强语气,例如:Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。

He did know that.他的确知道那件事。

3)最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would助动词be的用法1)be +现在分词,构成进行时态,例如:They are having a meeting.他们正在开会。

English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。

2)be + 过去分词,构成被动语态,例如:The window was broken by Tom..窗户是汤姆打碎的。

English is taught throughout the world.世界各地都教英语。

3)be + 动词不定式,可表示下列内容:a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排,例如:He is to go to New York next week..他下周要去纽约。

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助动词定义动词表示动作形态,但英语里有些动词并不表示动作形态,而是协助主动词表示时态(tenses)或语态(voices)。

这些动词叫助动词(auxiliary verbs)▪英语中助动词主要有三类:▪一是基本助动词,如have, do, be, shall, will ;▪二是半助动词, 如be about to等▪三是情态助动词,如may, must, need等。

基本助动词▪助动词可表示动词时态和语态,构成疑问句和否定句,例如“have, has, had”用来构成完成时态;“be, is, are, am, been, was, were, being”构成被动语态▪What do you do every day?▪Betty has completed her work on time .▪Jason is writing a new book.▪A rat was caught by a cat.▪构成反意疑问句,如:▪Mr. Chen has not become a businessman, has he?▪Jason's lectures are clear and easy-to-understand, aren't they?▪构成简短答语,如:-Will you help us with the gardening?Yes, I will. /No, I won't.-I have seen that film before.-So have I.-William isn't a teacher.-Neither is his wife.▪构成省略句,如:The boss doesn't often come to the factory and when he does, it isgenerally on Sunday.半助动词▪在功能上介乎主动词和助动词之间的一类结构,称为半助动词。

常见的半助动词有be about to, be due to, be going to, be likely to, be bound to, be obliged to, be supposed to, be willing to, have to, seem to, be unable to, beunwilling to等。

它们可与主动词搭配构成复杂动词词组并表示情态意义,有时也可与助动词搭配,例如:He is unwilling to help me with my English.James will be obliged to resign.We were about to start when it rained.He seems to be very disappointed.I don’t have to buy a new hou se.You are bound to succeed.情态动词情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, need,, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would), ought to, used to一、情态动词用法1. 表“能力”Can, could , be able toCan 既能表示现在的能力, 也能表示将来的能力; 既能表示具体事情的能力, 也能表示一般的能力.Look! I can do it.I can’t do it now, but I can do it later.I can climb this cliff.He can drive a car.表示将来的能力通常用will/shall be able toI will be able to speak French in two months.Could 所表示的能力泛指过去的一般能力;She could play the piano when she was only six.在肯定句中, 表示过去某桩具体事情的能力, 用was/were able to; 否定句中无此区别.He was able to translate the article without a dictionary.I couldn’t /was not able to play the piano when I was at school.2. 表示“可能”May, might, can, couldMay/might 可交替使用, 无时间上的差异, 表示现在或将来的可能. might语气更加不肯定,更委婉.It may/might be true.He may/might be waiting at the door.He may/might leave tomorrow.疑问句中表示可能, 用can 而不用may;--Where can he be?--He may be in the office.Can /could 表示现在的可能, could更委婉;She couldn’t/can’t love him.Can 较多地用于否定句和疑问句中, could无此限制;Can 表示的可能常指逻辑上的可能性;may则指事实上的可能性; Mr. Reed is in poor health. He can be ill at any time.Mr. Reed looks pale. He may be ill.表示过去的可能He may/might have been hurt.She may/might have missed the train.He can’t/could have been hurt.表示本来可能发生但没有发生You might have finished the work last week.I could have passed the exam, but I failed.3. 表示“许可”Can, could , may, might 无时间上的差异May/might比can/could 正式; might/could 比may/can 委婉; May/might/can/could I smoke here?表示给予许可,用can/may, 而不用could/might;--Could I use your phone?--Yes, of course you can.--Might I trouble you for light?--You may indeed.4. 表示“不许可”May not/ cannot--Can I go out for a moment?-- No, you cannot.--May I use your car for a few days?--No, you may not.表示过去的不许可He was not allowed to go.I di dn’t permit him to go.5. 表示“义务”Should, ought to, mustShould/ought to 带有劝说或敦促的意义, should口气更肯定We should learn from the model workers.You ought to drink less.You should/ought to have asked my permission first.Must 表示敦促或命令, 口气比should更强烈;You must be back by ten o’clock.We must do it now.We will have to do it again.I had to leave at six yesterday.You mustn’t talk like that.--Must you leave so soon?--No, I needn’t.You didn’t need to do it at once.You didn’t have to do it at once.Must/have toHe must say it in English. (I want him to do so)He has to say it in English. (because he doesn’t know Chinese.)6. 表示“必然”Should, ought to, mustShould/ought to 表示必然, 指说话人根据一定情况作出推测或推断;Through the intensive training you should be able to pass the exam without any difficulty.These young trees ought to provide shade in ten years.Must 口气最为肯定.All men must die.Careless reading must give poor results.Her eyes are red. She must have been crying.He can’t be there now.He can’t have been to your home. He doesn’t know the address.7. 表示“预见”Will/shallI will be a different person when I live in England.I shall never do it again.Shall I help you? (征求意见)8. 表示“推测”Should, ought to, must, will/wouldThey must be home by now.(一定)They will be home by now.(估计)They would be home by now.(大概)They should/ought to be home by now. (应该)A lion will attack a man only when hungry.(现在习惯)Before his retirement he would catch the early bus every morning. (过去习惯)9. 表示“意愿” “意图”Will, would, shallWho will go with me?Will you please open the door for me?--Would you pass me the salt, please? (客气的请求)--Certainly, I will. (接受请求)I asked him if he would help me with my writing. (过去的意愿)shall一般适用于第二、三人称主语, 并非主语的意愿,而是说话人的意愿, 意图. You shall stay with us as long as you like.(I’m willing to let you stay as long as …)Shall you take a holiday this summer?10. 表示“决心”Will, would, shall 要重读I will take the job and no one is going to stop me.I won’t go back my words.He would climb the mountain regardless of danger. (过去的决心)You shall obey my orders. (说话人的决心)(I insist that he obey my orders.)11. would/used toWhen we were children, we used to/would go skating every winter.表示过去的习惯, would只可与动态动词连用, used to 既可与动态动词连用, 也可与静态动词连用.可能性排序That must be George. certainwillwouldought toshouldcancouldmaymight uncertain▪dare作为情态动词时,主要用于疑问句和否定句,表示“敢”,后面跟不带to的动词不定式。

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