大三英语专业英美报刊选读期末考试卷子

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《英语报刊选读》期末考试试卷附答案

《英语报刊选读》期末考试试卷附答案一、将下列所给的英语名词翻译成中文。

（15小题*2=30）1．The House of Lords2．Social Security3．Capitol Hill4．Speaker5．Fund —raising party6．Senior citizen7．Westinghouse Science Talent Search8．Asia —Pacific summit9．Sovereignty10．British Foreign Secretary11．Christian12．economic recession13．royal family14．the Commonwealth15．spokesman二、报刊阅读题。

Campaign strategists have agreed to focus to focus on the Senate, where leaders hope to complete work on the budget package by May 1. “We felt that if the Senate defeated the proposal, it would not even come up in the House,”says John Rot her, legislative director for the 18—million —member American Association of Retired persons.Targeted mainly are Republicans, who control the Senate, with particular emphasis on the 21 who face re—election next year. The next election looms large in the lobbyists’strategy. “We shall not forget if Congree haves in an unfriendly fashion to the senior citizens of the United States,”warns Jacob Clay man, president of the NCSC, which represents 4.5 million persons. “We shall remember—and 1986 is just around the corner.”Eric Shulman, legislative director for the NCSC, explains: “Those up forreelection will have their ears closest to the ground—and we are making as much of a rumble as we can. We see this issue being won or lost not in Washington but out in the countryside.”Adds Arthur Flemming, former U. S. commissioner on aging and now a lobbyist for the elderly:”“It’s the grass roots that convey the message most effectively.”I ．单项选择题。

[大学英语三期末考试题]大学英语期末考试题及参考答案(Word可编辑版)

[大学英语三期末考试题]大学英语期末考试题及参考答案（最新版）-Word文档，下载后可任意编辑和处理-期末考试题是大学英语课程在期末对学生进行测试的书面材料。

以下是阳光网小编为大家收集到的大学英语期末考试题，希望对大家有帮助!大学英语期末考试题一、选词填空阅读下面的小对话，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。

1.--What does this word mean, Joe?A. This word means JoeB. Joe is a boy's nameC. Of course, I'm JoeD. Sorry, I don't know, either2.--I really enjoy pop music. What's your favorite?A. No, not at allB. Neither do IC. So did ID. Well, actually I like classical music3.- Let me help you carry this.A. That's OK. I can manageB. It's not very lightC. I can help you with itD. Put it down on the ground4. -- Can you tell me where I can park the car?A. Yes, pleaseB. It is made in AmericaC. Well, just over thereD. The park is not very far5.- Have you ever been to Tokyo?A. No, I didn't go there last yearB. No, but I hope to go there next yearC. Tokyo is a busy cityD. Yes, I'll do it next time大学英语期末考试题：词汇与结构615小题：阅读下面的句子，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。

英美报刊选读复习题

英美报刊选读复习题一、Reading ComprehensionPassage 1It was not “the comet of the century” experts predicted it might be. Nevertheless, Kohoutek has provided a bonanza of scientific information. It was first spotted 370 million miles from the earth, by an astronomer who was searching sky for asteroids, and after whom the comet was named. Scientists who traced Kohoutek ten month before it passed the earth predicted the comet would be a brilliant spectacle. But Kohoutek fell short of this prediction, disappointing millions of amateur sky watchers, when it proved too pale to be seen with the unaided eye. Researchers were delighted nonetheless with the new information they were able to glean from their investigation of the comet. Perhaps the most significant discovery was the identification of two important chemical compounds-methyl cyanide and hydrogen cyanide-never seen in comets before, but found in the far reaches of interstellar space. This discovery revealed new clues about the origin of comets. Most astronomers agree that comets are primordial remnant from the formation of the solar system, but whether they were born between Jupiter and Neptune or much farther out toward interstellar space has been the subject of much debate. If compounds no more complex than ammonia and methane key components of Jupiter, were see in comets, it would suggest that comets form within the planetary orbits. But more complex compounds, such as the methyl cyanide found in Kotoutek, point to formation far beyond the planets; there the deep freeze at space has kept them unchanged.1. What is the subject of the passage?( )a. What was learned from Kohoutek.b. What was disappointing about Kohoutek.c. Where Kohoutek was spotted. d. How Kohoutek was tracked.2. Why was Kohoutek referred to as the comet of the century? ( )a. It was thought to be extremely old.b. It passes the earth once a century.c. Scientists predicted is would be very bright.d. Scientists have been tracking it for a century.3. In what respect was Kohoutek a disappointment?( )a. It could be seen only through special equipment.b. It did not approach the earth.c. It did not provide valuable scientific information.d. It was moving too rapidly for scientists to photograph.4. Before the investigation on Kotoutek, where had methyl cyanide been known to exist?( )a. In comets.b. On asteroids.c. Between Jupiter and Neptune.d. Beyond the solar system.5. According to the passage, what is one major component of Jupiter? ( )a. Hydrogen cyanide.b. Methyl cyanide.c. Hydrogen.d. Ammonia.6. What aspect of Kohoutek did scientists find most interesting?( )a. Its shape.b. Its composition.c. Its orbit.d. Its size.7. Which of the following question is best answered by information gained from Kohoutek?( )a. Where were comets formed?b. When were comets formed?c. When was the solar system formed?d. How was the solar system formed?Passag2The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihood of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-to-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed “intuition” to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty and surprise, and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality. Other view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive process of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha" experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these method which run counter their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that “thinking” is inseparable from a cting. Sincemanagers often “know” what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. An analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking action cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issuer One implication of thinking acting cycle is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just implementing the solution.1. According to the passage, senior manager use intuition in all of the following ways except to .A. speed up the creation of a solution to a problemB. identify a problemC. bring together disparate factsD. stipulate clear goal2. The passage suggests which of the following about the “writers on management” mentioned in line 11?A. They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.B. They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.C. They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.D. They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.3. Which of the following best exemplifies “an ‘Aha’ experience”?A. A manager risks raking an action whose outcome is unpredictable to discover whether the action changes the problems at hand.B. A manager performs well-learned and familiar Behavior patterns in creative and uncharacteristic ways to solve a problem.C. A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem athand.D. A manager rapidly identifies the methodology used to compile data yielded by systematic analysis4. According to the passage the classical model of decision analysis includes all the following except ___________.A. evaluation of problemB. creation of clear goals to be reached by the decisionC. establishment of clear goals to be reached by the decisionD. action undertaken in order to discover more information about a problem5. It can be inferred from the passage that which the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?A Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does notB. Manager X checks possible solution to a problem by systhematic analysis; Manager does not.C.Manager X takes actionin orde to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.D. Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.6. It can be inferred from the passage that thinking/acting cycles (line 5, last paragraph) in managerial practice would be likely to result in which of the followingⅠ. A manager analyzes a network of problem and then acts on the basis of that analysis.Ⅱ. A manager gathers data by acting and observing the effects of actionⅢ. A manager takes action without being able to articulate reasons for that particular action.A. I only.B. Ⅱonly.C. Ⅰand Ⅱ.D. Ⅱand Ⅲ.7. The passage provides support for which of the following statements?A. Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.B. Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.C. Managers' intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skillsD. Intuition rabies managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.8. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the passage?A. An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is givenB. A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.C. The results of recent research are introduced and evaluated.D. Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.Passag3Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to get rid of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem – how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which uses not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bulbs 电灯and refrigerators冰箱as well. The system works so well that no fuel is needed to make the campus's six buildings comfortable.Some parts of most modern buildings – theaters and offices as well as classrooms – are more than sufficiently heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter . The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called “heat recovery”. A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University's system is the first to recover heat from buildings and reuse it in others.Along the way, Pitt has learned a great deal about some of its producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. Male students send out more heat than female students, and the larger a student is, the more heat he produces . It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hard-working overweight male genius.1. What is characteristic of the buildings on Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh?A. They are more comfortable to live in than other buildings.B. They collect body heat to regulate the temperature inside.C. They use light bulbs to heat the classrooms.D. They consume less fuel to keep the classrooms cool.2. According to the passage, the technique of heat recovery is used __ ______.A. to provide a special form of air-conditioningB. to provide heat for the hot water systemC. to find out the source of heatD. to collect heat and reuse it3. The phrase “the hottest prospect” in this passage refers to __ ______.A. the person who suffers most from heatB. the person who needs more heat than othersC. the person who gives off most heatD. the person who make better use of body heat4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according the passage?A. The harder a student works, the more heat he or she produces.B. The bigger a student is, the more heat he or she sends out.C. A girl student sends out more heat than a boy student.D. A large and hard-working boy student gives off the most heat.5. Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?A. Recovery of Body Heat C. Modern Building's Heat SystemB. Body Heat and Sex D. Ways of Heating Buildings二、Translate the following sentences:1.Crackdown on loan repayment penaltiesPeople who repay loans early will get a fairer deal under changes outlined today.2.Hong Kong was hit hard by Sars and had a difficult year but is ‘bouncing back’, Prime Minister Tony Blair has said during his visit to the region.3.Extra places confirm faith in foundation degreesThere will be an extra 10,000 places on foundation degree courses next year, giving more people a chance to study for a vocationally-focused higher education qualification.三、Read the following short passages and choose the best answer.Passage 1GENEV A-A 38-year-old Spanish man briefly hijacked 抢劫a French airliner on Majorca Sunday and threatened to blow it up to protest 抗议France's plans to resume nuclear testing, then surrendered in投降放弃Geneva without a struggle after releasing 298 passengers and crew. An official at Geneva's Cointrin Airport described the man as unbalanced. ( )A .A Spanish man hijacked a French airline to protest France's nuclear testing.B. A Spanish man who had threatened to blow up a French airline surrendered in Geneva.C. A Spanish man who had hijacked a French airline surrendered in Geneva.Passage 2TOKYO-When Compaq Computers康帕电脑and Dell Computer invaded 进入the Japanese market three years age with personal computers selling for half the price of the local varieties当地品种, rival竞争对手Japanese companies braced for trouble准备应付动乱. But instead of killing the Japanese personal computer industry, the American onslaught猛攻liberated 放纵it. Proceed by wh at is known as the “Compaq Shock康帕冲击,” Japanese manufacturers have become fiercer competitors, cutting their prices drastically. The result has been a boom in sales that is benefiting the Japanese manufacturers as much as the Americans. ( )A. American and Japanese computer companies compete to win the Japanese market.B. “Compaq Shock,” has benefited Japanese market.C. Fierce competition between American and Japanese computer companies has helped the computer sales boom in Japan.Passage 3PARIS-A bomb 炸弹exploded at a crowded street market in Paris near the Place de la Bastille Sunday morning, leaving four people slightly hurt. The police said that the bomb, packed into a pressure cooker and hidden in a bag under a vegetable stand, did not cause greater damage because of a malfunction.功能失常But the incident clearly left a deep impact onGovernment officials who are facing what they believe to be a campaign of terrorism directed by Islamic militants from Algeria. Police did not immediately link the bomb to three devices planted in recent weeks, which killed seven and wounded scores of others in Paris. ( )A .A bomb blast at a Paris market hurt four people.B. four people were injured in a crowded street market in Paris..C. Terrorists planted in bomb in Paris that wounded四、cloze:A contract is an agreement between two or more people (1) ________ one person agrees to do something by a specified date in return for something done by (2) ________. Usually the contract is a written document signed and dated by both (3) ________. It must state clearly the consideration, that is, what is to be given or done by one person in (4) _______ for what is given or done by the other. If one person does (5) ________ was promised and the other does not, that other may be sued in court and required by court order to make good. He or she (6) ________ also to be required to pay for damages suffered as a result of the failure to perform. The things (7) ________ by both parties must be stated in definite terms (8) ________ the court will hold that the contract is (9) ________ vague and general to be enforced. (10) ________, the time period within which the work is to be done must be definite or the court will say that the document is not a contract.( )1. A. in which B. which C. that D. on that( )2. A. another B. other C. the other D. others( )3. A. parts B. people C. parties D. aspects( )4. A. replace B. change C. payment D. exchange( )5. A. that B. what C. the thing D. something( )6. A. need B. has C. ought D. may( )7. A. to be done B. to do C. done D. being done( )8. A. and B. or C. else D. so( )9. A. so B. too C. rather D. over( )10. A. Similar B. The same C. Similarly D. Too英美报刊选读复习题答案一、Reading ComprehensionPassage 1：1.A 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.B 7.APassage 2：1.D 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.D 7.D 8.BPassage 3：1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.A二、Translate the following sentences:1．严罚贷款不偿还行为今天已提出纲要对提前偿还贷款者将获相当的报酬2．Tony Blair在访问这一地区时说：香港因SARS遭受巨大打击，度过重重困难岁月，但目前经济已经回升。

《英美文学史和选读》期末试卷（2）

《英美⽂学史和选读》期末试卷（2）试卷纸第1页台州学院外国语学院学年第学期级专业《英国⽂学史及选读I》期末试卷(2)（闭卷) 班级姓名学号I. Multiple choice. Choose the best out of the four . (10%=1*10)1. The Song of Beowulf can be termed a(n) praising England’s national hero Beowulf .A. epicB. sonnetC. romanceD. novel2. Romance, which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A. ChristianB. knightlyC. GreekD. primitive3. An iambic pentameter couplet is called____.A. heroic coupletB. blank verseC. tercetD. sestet4. Sonnets originated from Italy , and in the 16th century, ____ introduced it to England .A. Thomas MoreB. John MiltonC. Thomas WyattD. Petrarch5. In the poetic line “bathes each bud and shoot”, “bathes” and “bud” makea sound effect called .A. alliterationB. assonanceC. consonanceD. internal rhyme6. The supreme master in the 1st half of the 18th century is ____.A. Jonathan SwiftB. Richard SteeleC. Daniel DefoeD. Henry fielding7. Romanticism in England began in 1798, with the publication of ____.A. Lyrical BalladsB.EndymionC. The Rime of the Ancient MarinerD. To Autumn8. “Eternal summer gilds them yet, / But all, except their sun, is set.” is from____ .A. OzymandiasB. Ode to the West WindC. She Walks in BeautyD. The Isles of Greece9. , the author of Ivanhoe, is the creator and a great master of thehistorical novel.A. Henry fieldingB. Walter ScottC. Daniel DefoeD. Jonathan Swift试卷纸第2页10. ___ _is one of the “Lakers”, or Lake school poets .A. John KeatsB. Percy Bysshe ShelleyC. Leigh HuntD. S. T. ColeridgeII. True or False? Write T for true and F for false . (10%=1*10)____ 1. John Donne is the most outstanding representative of the 17th century dramas.____ 2. A Modest Proposal by Swift shows the writer’s irony towards the projectors.____ 3. In a poetic line, a foot with a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable is trochic.____ 4. The turn of the 18th century and the 19th century in England saw the appearance of a new literary current—Preromanticism.____ 5. The Tiger by William Blake is a poem in The Songs of Innocence.____ 6. The glory of the Romantic Age lies in the poetry of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron,Shelley and Keats etc..____ 7. The Satanic School includes Byron, Shelley and William Wordsworth.____ 8. Don Juan made John Keats famous overnight.____ 9.The first poem in The Lyrical Ballads is Wordsworth’s masterpiece The Rime of Ancient Mariner.____10. In his poems Byron aimed at simplicity and purity of the language, fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry.III. Blank Filling. (10%=1*10)1. The line “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” is taken from byWilliam Shakespeare.2. The 18th century was distinctively an age of .3. The later enlighteners of England in the 18th century found the power of reasonto be insufficient and therefore appealed to sentiments as a means of achievingsocial justice, which led to the appearance of the new literarycurrent— .4. She Stoops to Conquer is a rollicking comedy by .5. is the most independent and the most original of all the romantic poets ofthe 18th century.6.The image of an enterprising Englishman of the 18th century was created by in his famous novel Robinson Crusoe.7.While the political tempests led to a confusion in English literature in the 17thcentury, thepeaceful development of the 18th century made a prevailing literary current.8.The two representatives of Pre-Romanticism are William Blake and .9. The most outstanding figure of English Sentimentalism is .10. Romanticism in England ended in 1832, with the death of .试卷纸第3页IV. Define or explain the following. (15%=5*3)1. Blank Verse2. Conceit3. The Graveyard SchoolV. Identify.(20%=10*2)Passage IThe curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd wind slowly over the lea,The plowman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me.……Questions1. Who is the writer of these lines?2. What is the title of the whole poem from which the lines are taken?3. In the 2nd line, “/l/” sound is repeated in “lowing” and “lea” to make for linking both sound and meaning.4. What is the theme of the poem?Passage III lay down on the grass, which was very short and soft, where I slept sounderthan ever I remember to have done in my life, and as I reckoned, above nine hours; for when I awaked, it was just daylight. I attempted to rise, but was not able to stir…Questions1.Who is the writer of this passage?2.What’s the title of the novel from which the passage was taken?3.Who is the narrator in the novel?4.Explain how the artistic ideals of Classicism are displayed in the passage withan example.VI. Answer the following questions.(20%=10*2)1. What do you know about Sentimentalism?2. List at least five novels written by Jane Austen.VII. Literary essay writing. (15%)Refer to the following poem in explaining the literary movement——Romanticism. She Dwelt among the Untrodden WaysShe Dwelt among the Untrodden WaysBeside the spring of Dove.A Maid whom there were none to praiseAnd very few to love;A violet by a mossy stoneHalf hidden from the eye!Fair as a star, when only oneIs shining in the sky.She lived unknown, and few could knowWhen Lucy ceased to be;But she is in her grave, and, oh,The difference to me!台州学院外国语学院学年第学期级专业《英国⽂学史及选读I 》期末试卷答卷(2)(闭)班级姓名学号考试时间:120 分钟I. Multiple choice. Choose the best out of the four. (10%=1*10)II . True or False? Write T for true and F for false. (10%=1*10)1.____2.____3.____4.____5.____6.____7.____8.____9.____ 10.____III. Blank Filling. (10%=1*10)1. 6.2. 7.3. 8.装订线4. 9.5. 10.IV. Define or explain the following. (15%=5*3)1.2.3.V. Identify.(20%=10*2)Passage I1.2.3.4..Passage II1.2.3.4.VI. Answer the following questions.(20%=10*2) 1.2. VII. Literary essay writing. (15%)。

英美报刊期末考试

题目：美英报刊文章选读期末论文姓名：专业：班级：学号：Lesson one又到一年开学季，莘莘学子们又开始背上行囊开始他们的大学旅程，踏上他们的寻梦之旅。

但他们同时也面临着选择高昂学费但名声斐然的私立学校，还是选择价格低廉且教学质量又有保障的州内公立大学这样一个难题。

本文题目很好阐述了本文主题，对于美国中产阶级的而言，倾家荡产将孩子送入昂贵的私立名校，表面光鲜，实则毫无裨益。

从本文的篇章结构来看，整体采取总分的结构。

本文首先提出对于中产阶级两难的抉择。

然后论述送孩子去私立学校不如送孩子去公立学校的原因，原因如下：1.私立大学的学费比州内公立大学要贵2.5倍；2.根据美国盖洛普民意测验的数据显示，私立大学生与公立大学生的幸福指数是相近的，而学生的负债率又与学生的幸福感指数成反比；3.大学生活的充实度并不在于你进入私立高校，因为无论是私立还是公立学到的东西是一样的，重点是在于自己是否有意愿参加课外活动和研讨会；4.大学毕业后，进入私立学校的学生似乎比公立学校的学生工资要高，但是根据美国著名经济学家的调查，毕业后工资的高低与学校无直接关系，而最重要的因素是学生个人的进取心以及家庭环境的影响；5.对于一些美国的少数名族对于名校也是趋之若鹜的现象，究其原因是想要有一个与外界，上流社会接触的机会，但是对于白人大学生而言，他们不需要这种机会；但作者也没有全盘否定中产阶级的孩子进入高等学府的希望，对于一些学生而言，他们的学业成绩可以使他们获得类似奖学金的资助，这样可以大大减轻学生的负债压力，但是很多学生没有利用这个机会。

那么对于中国的教育体系而言，中国也面临这样一个两难的局面，大学教育水平参差不齐，大学收费不合理，大学课程与社会就业所需脱节的问题也是层出不穷；但归根到底，学生的主观能动性才是大学生能否有所作为的关键。

1. If you are in this dilemma, which school do you prefer, the public one or the private one and what are your reasons?2. What are the important factors that will attribute to a successful college student?3. How do you choose your college, what attract you most about college?Private colleges are a waste of money for white, middle class kidsBy Max EhrenfreundThese students attend the University of Maryland in College Park. They were smart. (Sarah L. Voisin /the Washington Post)⒈Many parents whose kids have their eye on an exclusive, private college face a difficult question: Is it worth unloading your life's savings orhaving your child take on tens of thousands of dollars in student loans?⒉The average four-year private college costs over $42,000 a year for tuition, room and board, after all, while the average four-year public school costs less than half that -- $18,943 for in-state students, according to the College Board. So the question is really, really important, especially at a time when nearly half of recent college grads have a job that doesn't even require a degree.⒊Fortunately, for many Americans -- white, middle-class kids -- there's an easy answer: Don't pay more to go to a private college.⒋That means choosing the University of California over Pomona, the State University of New York over NYU and the University of Maryland over nearby American or George Washington.⒌Of course, if a student is getting a scholarship that heavily discounts the cost of attendance, the question isn't as relevant. And the answer to the question is much more complicated for kids from families in other racial socioeconomic groups. But for white kids with well educated parents, what matters is getting a college degree, not where it came from.⒍For starters, take a large survey of college graduates published this year by Gallup. It asked graduates how they were doing across five different metrics, including financially, physically and socially. Eleven percent of graduates of public universities and private universities said they were"thriving" across all five. Twelve percent of graduates of U.S. News & World Report's top 100 schools were thriving, essentially the same as the rest.Gallup⒎The happiest people, in general, were the ones who developed a relationship with a mentor, participated in extracurricular activities or took on a major academic project -- all things you can do at any school.⒏The biggest predictor of whether a graduate wasn't thriving was whether he or she had student loans. Fourteen percent of those without any debt said they were thriving, compared to 2 percent of those with more than $40,000 of debt. You can't draw iron-clad conclusions from that, but thosefigures should be worrisome all the same for anyone thinking about taking on student loans.What about earnings?⒐But these are general survey findings about well-being. What about a more precise measure: the income that college grads earn?⒑Alumni of selective schools do tend to make more money after they graduate. Yet it isn't clear whether that's because they learned something especially useful while they were in school because they had greater talents to begin with.⒒Economists Stacy Dale of Mathematica Policy Research and Alan Krueger of Princeton have examined this problem carefully.⒓Relying on a survey of graduates from about two dozen colleges and other data, they compared students who applied to the most selective schools when they were in 12th grade against those who applied to schools that were still selective, albeit less so. Dale and Krueger reasoned that those who applied to the most exclusive schools were more ambitious or had more potential as judged by their parents, teachers and counselors.⒔The two economists found that the students with more potential made more as adults, and the students with less made less -- no matter wherethey went to school. They conclude that how much you make depends on you, not where you get in.⒕Although the study concentrated on graduates of prestigious schools, Krueger wrote in an email that the logic of the study could likely be extended to other schools as well. If there's minimal to no gain to attending an elite private university, there's almost certainly zero gain from paying to apply for a less selective private university.⒖"When I was a resident tutor in a Harvard dorm in the 1980's, I saw a lot of students who were not serious about their schoolwork, and who wasted a lot of time with likeminded peers," Krueger wrote. "Determined students can get a good education in many places in the U.S., and graduates who are talented and hardworking often get recognized by employers."⒗These findings do not apply in every individual case. There's great variationin graduation rates among private colleges and among public universities, and going to a school where you're less likely to graduate puts your future earnings at risk. But these results do hold an important lesson for most kids who are white and whose parents also graduated from college -- a huge group of college applicants. (According to the College Board, about half of students taking the SAT this year were white, and about 57 percent had parents who had at least a bachelor's degree.)For minorities and low-income students, a more complex picture⒘The answer is much more complicated for blacks, Hispanics and those whose parents are comparatively less educated.⒙In Dale and Krueger's research, these groups did seem to make more money after attending more selective schools.⒚The authors suggest that attending an elite school might provide these students with access to a new social circle that provides themwith more economic opportunities later in life. Children of well-educated whites might already have that access and so don't gain anything from attending an elite school. Sometimes, it's who you know.⒛There could be other explanations. Perhaps at selective institutions, students from different circumstances pick up from their peers a setof social cues or professional habits that allow them to fitin among America's economically secure stratum, like how to ask for an informational interview or how to tie a bow tie.21. But even for these groups, there are important caveats. It's conceivable that for some, borrowing to pay tuition at a private school could be a wise decision financially. Yet the more a student has to borrow, the less likely the investment is to pay off, and borrowing for school is risky in any case. Costs can explode if a student takes longer than four years tograduate, as many do, and if the student drops out, debt can become impossible to manage. Alternative ideas -- such as starting at a community or state university, then transferring to a private one -- might also be attractive.22. But if they're qualified, these students should definitely consider applying to elite colleges, which will often help them pay tuition. U.S. News compiled this list of schools that pledge to meet 100 percent of their student's financial needs in order to ensure an affordable education. The 62 institutions on the list include the Ivy League, Stanford University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and other very exclusive schools. Only three of the schools are public. The Washington Monthly has another list of academically rigorous schools that offer generous financial aid.23. Many talented students from poor families don't realize that attending one of these schools can be affordable. The average out of pocket cost for low-income student at the most competitive private universities is only $6,754 per year, while less competitive schools require close to $20,000 a year, according to another study.24."The majority of high-achieving, low-income students do not apply to any selective colleges despite apparently being well qualified foradmission," write the authors, economists Caroline Hoxby and Christopher Avery.25. Added Lydia Frank of PayScale, which collects data on salaries and education in the workforce: "Their net price for that school might be a lot lower than they think. The reputation for a school being expensive prevents students from doing that research."(From The Washington Post,December 18, 2014)1.Have one's eye on(vi.)considering doing something carefully or take somethinginto serious consideration; 关注，考虑做某事2.Unload (vi.) take the load off, in this text it means spent a lot money on privatecollege 卸货，支付3.Take on(vi.) hold responsibility on something, here means have an obligation topay the school loan 承担4.In-state(adj.) within the boundary of other states, in this text in-state universityis more affordable for students 州内的5.Racial (adj.) of or related to genetically distinguished groups of people 种族的6.Mentor(n.) a wise and trusted guide and advisor, served as a teacher or trustedcounselor 良师7.Extra-curriculum(n.) outside the regular academic curriculum 课外活动8.Predictor(n.) indicator 指标9.Draw an iron-clad conclusion: inflexible entrenched and unchangeable result铁证如山10.Precise (adj.) sharply, exact or accurate and delimited精确的，明确的11.Alumni (n.) the alumni of a school, college, or university are the people whoused to be students there. Alumnus(plus)校友12.T alents (n.)is a natural ability to do something well人才13.A lbeit (adv.) introduce a fact or comment that reduces the force or significanceof what you have just said 虽然，表转折14.P restigious(adj.) an institution or a people is respected and admired by people;celebrated 有声望的，声名显赫的15.P icture (n.) When you refer to the picture in a particular place, you are referringto the situation there. 局面; 情况16.M inorities (n.) a minority are a group of people of the same race, culture, orreligion who live in a place where most of the people around them are of a different race, culture, or religion. 少数民族17.E lite (n.) people or organizations are considered to be the best of their kind. 精英18.P rovide… with: equip somebody with something, accommodate somebody withsomething, cater to one’s need 提供19.Access (vt.) If you have access to a person, you have the opportunity or rightto see them or meet them. 接触的机会; 接触的权利20.Stratum (n.) a stratum of society is a group of people in it who are similar intheir education, income, or social status. 社会阶层21.C aveat (n.) a caveat is a warning of a specific limitation of something such asinformation or an agreement. 警告; 提醒22.C onceivable (adj.) if something is conceivable, you can imagine it or believe it.可想像的; 可相信的23.Pay off (phrasal verb) if an action pays off, it is successful or profitable after aperiod of time. (某行动) 取得成功; 带来好结果24.A lternative(adj.) have another choice If one thing is an alternative to another,the first can be found, used, or done instead of the second. 替代品25.D rop-out(adj.) forced to leave school in that violate the school law or have abad performance on tests 辍学的piled (vi.) when you compile something such as a report, book, orprogrammed, you produce it by collecting and putting together many pieces of information. 汇编; 汇集27.R igorous (adj.) a test, system, or procedure that is rigorous is very thorough andstrict. (测试、制度、程序) 严格缜密的28.a ffordable(adj.) that you have the financial means for 买的起的1.The Washington Post:The largest and oldest newspaper in Washington D.C. Itgains a worldwide reputation by exposing the Watergate Scandal and forcing President Richard Nixon resigned. Most people regard it as the most prominent after the New York Times newspaper. Its headquarter is located in the capital of the United States, it is particularly good at reporting domestic politicaldynamics, on the contrary, the New York Times is usually good at reporting more prestigious international things. 华盛顿邮报2.Max Ehrenfreund is a blogger on the Financial deskand writes for Know More and Wonkblog and he is a journalist appointed by Washington Post.3.The University of Maryland：The University of Maryland University College(UMUC) is an American public university located in the unincorporatedcommunity of Adelphi in Prince George's County, Maryland in the UnitedStates. It is known primarily for its distance learning classes and programs; it serves over 90,000 students worldwide and is one of the largest distancelearning institutions in the world. 马里兰大学4. The College Board: A mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Boardwas created to expand access to higher education. Today, the membership association is made up of over 6,000 of the world’s leading educational institutions and is dedicated to promoting excellence and equity in education.Its aim is that all students should have access to an affordable and successful college experience. We offer recommendations to improve and simplify the financial aid system so that enrollment and full participation in college is possible for all students. 美国大学理事会5.Grads: graduates的缩写6. A Gallup poll：an opinion poll carried out by an official organization and used especially in forecasting the results of elections. The Gallup Poll usually refer to a poll that demonstrates the public opinions, and it was widely been used as a method for the mass media to represent public opinion. It was established by American statistician George Gallup. The feature of this poll is to use random sampling method and its ultimate goal is to minimize the deviation degree. 盖洛普民意测验7.U.S. News & World Report: an American media company that publishes consumer advice, rankings and analysis. Founded as a news weekly magazine in 1933, U.S. News transitioned to a digital-only publication in 2010. U.S. News is best known today for its influential Best Colleges and Best Hospitals rankings, but it has expanded its content and product offerings in education, health, money, careers, travel, and cars.The editorial staff of U.S. News & World Report is based in Washington,D.C. Brian Kelly has been the chief content officer since April 2007.美国新闻与世界报道8. Selective school: a school that admits students on the basis of some sort of selection criteria, usually academic. The term may have different connotations in different systems. The opposite is a comprehensive school（综合性学校）, which accepts all students, regardless of aptitude. 重点大学9. The middle class：a class of people in the middle of a societal hierarchy. In Weberian socio-economic terms, the middle class is the broad group of people in contemporary society who fall socio-economically between the working class and upper class. The common measures of what constitutes middle class vary significantly among cultures. 中产阶级10. SAT: it stands for Scholastic Assessment Test, is a standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States. It was first introduced in 1926, and its name and scoring have changed several times, being originally called the Scholastic Aptitude Test, then the Scholastic Assessment Test, then the SAT Reasoning Test, and now simply the SAT. 学术能力评估测试This news is really thought-provoking; it reflects a worldwide phenomenon to some extent. It concentrates on the most prevailing issue around the world, which strikes on the high tuition fee for college students. It goes without saying that knowledge is power, and it is really pathetic to see money gets in the way of knowledge acquisition. The highly-recognized and academic-renowned elite universities are ideal place for those who want to pursue their further studies. However, in this text the author bring up a very interesting perspective, that it not worth for middle-class parents to send their children to the expensive private schools. The author illustrates his points in the following ways. First and foremost, the tuition fee paid for the private school is 3times higher than the public one; Secondly, the students who study in the public university tend to be happier than the private ones, because they have little worry about their school loans. Thirdly, to be a successful student, a prestigious school only attributes little to students' accomplishment, what really matters is the student's personality and their learning attitude. Fourthly, the reason why some minorities are flooding into these institutions because it provides them with an access to the upper class, in which will give them more opportunities to get respect and dignity from the major group. But it is pointless for white students to do this, because they are part of this group. What's more what can you learn in private school can also be learned in public school because they are under the same educational system. Last but not least, which school did you attend has nothing to do with your future salary? In otherwords, you are like an entrepreneur who starts from scratch, and the future belongs to those who see the beauty in their dreams.In China, we also have a similar problem that is the disparity of the university teaching qualities and the discrimination among education circles. It is a loophole in a computer that contains virus which can easily penetrate and destroy the whole system. Recently, the value of the college degree stirs a heated discussion on the internet. I am in favor of the point of view that when comes to land a job it is your top priority to show your degree. It works like an invitation allow you to attend a party, it gives you permission to the company you dreamed of. But your reality competence matters more in the following procession, your adaptability, flexibility and your social network seems more important than your degree.All in all, entering a university you embark on a new journey, whether it is a highly-renowned and prestigious college or an ordinary university. It is your call to realize your dream, your attitude, not your aptitude, will determine your altitude.。

大三上学期英美概况期末试卷

⼤三上学期英美概况期末试卷福建师范⼤学福清分校外语系06英本《英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门》期未试题（2009-20010学年度上学期）（B卷）班级____________座号______________ 姓名___________________________I．Multiple Choice (50%)1.Which is the most important city in the UK?a.Belfastb. Edinburghc. Glasgowd. Londona.In the Highlandsb. In the Lowlandsc. In the Uplandsd. In the west of Scotland3.Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world for _____.a.its most famous landmark, the “Giant?s Causeway”b.its rich cultural life..c.its low living standards.d.its endless political problems.4. How many counties are there in Northern Ireland?a.26b.6c.32d.205. Three of the following are characteristics of London. Which is the exception?a.London is a political, economic and cultural centre of the country.b.London has a larger population than all other cities in England.c.London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world.d.London has played a significant role in the economic construction of the country.6. Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen?s role?a.The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.b.The Queen symbolizes the tradition and unity of the British state.c.The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister..d.The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.7. Which of the following king was executed in the civil war?a.James Ib. James IIc. Charles Id. Charles II8. Which of the following was NOT the reason for the relative economic decline since 1945?a. Britain did not invest in modern equipment and new products.b. Britain spent a high proportion of its national wealth on the military.c. Britain had been heavily in debt to finance the war.d. Britain had carried out the nationalization of the businesses.9. Which group of people can not vote in the general election in the UK?a.the UK citizens above the age of 18b.Lords in the House of Lordsc.Members in the House of Commonsd.The UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic10. Which of the following is NOT true about the electoral campaigns?a.Big parties can buy time to broadcast their policies on the televisionb.There is a limit on the amount of money candidates can spend in their constituency campaign.c.Candidates and their supporters go door-to-door persuading voters to vote for them.d.Candidates criticizes each other?s policies to show how good their own policies are..11. Which of the following statements is NOT true about class system in the UK?a.People of different classes tend to read different kinds of newspapers.b.Though social advancement is possible, class affects a person?s life chances.c.Class division is only decided by people?s incomeThey way people speak may identify them as belonging to a particular class.12. Which government lost a vote of no confidence and was forced to resign in 1979?a.The Conservative governmentb. the Liberal governmentc. the Labor governmentd. the radical government13. Which of the following statements about the UK economy is not true?a.There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards.b.Britain remains one of the Group of Seven large industrial economies.c.Britain has experienced a relative economic decline since 1945.d.Some smaller economies have overtaken the UK in terms of output per capita.14. Which of the following book was written by Joseph Conrad?a.Sense and Sensibilityb. The Heart of Darknessc. Mrs. Dallowayd. Tess of the D?Urbervilles.15. In aerospace industry, which two countries are ahead of Britain?a.The U.S and Germanyb. the U.S. and Russiac. Germany and Russiad. France and Russia16. Which is one of the most famous early “Old English” literary works ?a.The Canterbury Talesb. Beowulfc. King Leard. Morte D? Arthur17. Which was the leader of the Conservative party right after the Iron Lady?a.John Majorb. Tony Blairc. Harold Wilsond. Margaret Thatcher18. Which of the following did not belong to Romanticism?a.Keatsb. Shelleyc. Wordsworthd. E.M. Foster19. Wuthering Heights is the masterpiece by ?a.Emily Bronteb. Charlotte Brontec. Anne Bronted. Robert Burns20. The famous song “Auld Lang Syne” is written by Robert Burns in _______?a.Welsh dialectb. Irish dialectc. Scots dialectd. England dialect21.Which of the following was the most famous Scottish novelist?a. D.H. Lawrenceb. Robert L. Stevensonc. Charles Dickensd. Walter Scott22. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare?a. Dr. Faustusb. Hamletc. Frankensteind. Sense and Sensibility23. Australia is generally divided into the following three topographical regions except _____.a. the Great Western Plateaub. the Outbackc. the Eastern Highlandsd. the Central Eastern Lowlands24. ____________is the only country covering the whole continent.a. Irelandb. U.Kc. Australiad. New Zealand25. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of ________, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.a. the Archbishop of Canterburyb. the baronsc. the churchd. the king26. The word “Yahoo” comes from Gulliver?s Travels written by ________.a. Daniel Defoeb. Jonathan swiftc. William Wordsworthd. Coleridge27. Which writer is associated with the “stream of consciousness” technique in British literature?a. Joseph Conradb. Virginia Woolfc. D.H. Lawrenced. George Orwell28.. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16a.can legally receive partly free education.b.can not receive free education at all.c.can legally receive completely free education.d.can not receive free education if their parents are rich.29. If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination calleda.General Certificate of Education-Advanced.b.General Certificate of Secondary Education.c.the common entrance examination.d.General National Vocational Qualifications.30. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University?a.It's open to everybody.b.Students will not receive a university degree.c.It requires no formal educational qualifications.d.University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, etc.31. Which of the following schools in Britain would admit children without reference to their academic abilities?/doc/712cfafbf61fb7360b4c65ff.html prehensive schools.b. Secondary schools.c. Independent schools.d. Grammar schools.32. How much of the globe did Britain, rule in its imperial prime?a. A forth of the globeb. a fifth of the globec. a third of the globed. two-thirds of the globe33. Why does Britain have its nuclear naval force?a. Because it?s one of the developed countries in the world.b. because it?s a traditional sea power.c. Because it has an advanced industry.d. Because it?s able to produce submarines.34. The present British foreign policy is mainly influenced by the following factors excepta. its imperial historyb. its geopolitical traitsc. its special relationship with the U.Sd. its schizophrenic attitude to Europe35. Three of the following factors have contributed to a certain degree of Britain's special relationship with the United States. Which is the exception?a.Britain and the United States share the general ideas in many respects.b.They have common interests in every respects.c.They agree generally on how the world economy should be managed.d.They have special links in culture.36. Which of the following is the world?s oldest national newspaper?a. The Timesb. Daily Telegraphc. the Guardiand. The Observer37. The sentence, "You'll never find in a British newspaper who meets who", reflects the fact thata.British press is free from censorship.b.There are some limits to what will appear in the daily paper.c.British press very often contains false news.d.British government has a firm control of the content.38. Which of the following about the tabloids is not true?a. They are big format newspapers.b. they are often called “ the gutter press”c. They mainly deal in scandals and gossip about famous peopled. They carry stories with color photos and catchy headlines.39. Which of the following is true about the Guy Fawkes Night?a. It is celebrated by Scottish people in November.b. It is celebrated by English people In November.c. It is celebrated by Scottish people in August.d. It is celebrated by English people in August.40. On which day is Halloween celebrated?a. October 31stb. November 5thc. March 17thd. December 25th.41. The word “Ireland” is used ambiguously to mean__________.a. both the Republic and Northern Irelandb. Republic of Irelandc. Northern Irelandd. the southern 26 states in Ireland.42. Australia?s practice of racial segregation was similar to that of _________.a. Portugal and the US.b. Holland and South Africac. South Africa and the USd. Portugal and Holland43. Among the following writers, which is not Irish according to the claim of Ireland?a. Jonathan Swiftb. Charles Dickensc. Bernard Shawd. Oscar Wilde44. Who invented the steam turbine engine?a. Rowan Hamiltonb. William Parsonsc. Charles Parsonsd. John Philip Holland45. The death blow to the Irish language was ________.a. The British colonial rule .b. the independence of Ireland.c. the Great Famined. Ireland?s accession to the EU.46. In 1787, Britain decided to colonize Australia becausea. Captain Cook?s account of his discovery was not interesting.b. Britain wanted to control the gold mines in Australia.c. Australia was an attractive place to English people.d. Britain needed new places to transport its criminals.47. The state that had the first British settlement is ________a. Queensland.b. New South Walesc. Western Australiad. Victoria48. Which of the following is NOT a native Australian animal?a. merinob. wombatc. koalad. kangaroo49. Under the policy of segregation, the aboriginal people______.a. were forcibly removed from their own landb. were allowed to have their won land as private reserves.c. were often employed by the Christian Church.d. were considered to be intellectually exploitable.50. Emancipists were___________.a. magistratesb. pastoralistsc. retired officialsd. ex-convictsII. True or False? (15%)1. The original intention of the massive post-war immigration program was tokeep Australia “white and free?. _____2. Northern Ireland is the most rugged part in landscape of all the four nations ofthe UK.______3. The focus of the Elite Theory is on how small groups of people control and manipulate power. _______4. Whistle-blowers are people who try to expose problems of corruption and inefficiency in the government.______5. It was said that Christianity was introduced into England by Saint Patrick. ______6. Common Laws are the laws passed by the Parliament of the UK. ______7. The Australian political system follows the Western democratic tradition, reflecting British and North American experience. ______8. India was once called "The Jewel in the Crown", because it exported massive raw materials andjewels to Britain. ________9. The Conservative party, formed in the growing union movement, is the newest one of the three major parties in the UK.________10. Grammar Schools emphasize on the more general curriculum rather than advanced academic work. 11. MPs refer to the parliament member in Ireland.______12. The “shadow cabinet ” of the opposition can take over the government when there is a constitutionalcrisis._________13. Don Juan is an epic poem composed by John Milton._________14. The British Broadcasting Corporation is funded by license fees and viewers must buy a licenseeach year for their TV set.15. 20th -century literature can be broadly divided into two stylistic periods: modernism andpostmodernism.III. Directions: Explain the following terms in English, using your own words.(10%) 1. What is “round table? 2. What ?s the most important religious groups in Ireland?3. What are Australia ?s most distinctive physical features ?4. What is The Commonwealth?5. How many types can the newspaper be classified according to the content? What are they?IV . Question for Discussion( 25%)1. What ?s the significance of the Great Charta in British history? (100-150words)(15%) 2, Below are three statements of political beliefs. Read through them carefullyA_______________________ B._________________________ C._______________________福建师范⼤学福清分校外语系06英本《英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门》期未试题卷班级____________座号______________ 姓名___________________________III. Directions: Explain the following terms in English, using your own words.10%1. What is “round table?2. What?s the most important religious groups in Ireland?3. What are Australia?s most distinctive physical features ?4.What is The Commonwealth?5.How the newspaper can be classified according to the content?IV. Question for Discussion( 25%)1. What?s the significance of the Great Charta in British history? (100-150words) (15%)2. Below are three statements of political beliefs. Read through them carefully and see if you can decide which political party they would vote for in an election in Britain. (10%)A_______________________ B._________________________ C._______________________福建师范⼤学福清分校外语系06英本《英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门》期未试题答案（2009-20010学年度上学期）（A卷）I．Multiple Choice (50%)1---5 . dbdba 6---10 acdba 11----15 ccabb 16---20 badac21---25 dbbcd 26---30 bbcab 31---35 acbdb 36---40 dbaba41---45 acbcc 46---50 dbaadII. True or False? (15%)1. T2. F3.T4. T5. F6. F7. T8. F9. F 10. F 11. F 12. F 13. F 14. T 15. TIII. Directions: Explain the following terms in English, using your own words.(10%)1．What is “round table?According to legend Arthur?s gathered a company of knights to him, who sat to gather at Arthur?s castle at Camelot. Conflict between his knights led to Arthur creating the famous “round table”at which all would have equal precedence. Perhaps this could be seen as indicator of the earliest democratic system2．What?s the most important religious groups in Ireland?Catholics and Protestants3. What are Australia?s most distinctive physical features ?The Great Dividing Range and the Great Barrier Reef4.What is The Commonwealth?The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of states which is made up moistly of former British colonies. There are 50 members of the Commonwealth: many of these are developing countries like India and Cyprus; others are developed nations like Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The Commonwealth was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network.5.How many types can the newspaper be classified according to the content? What are they?Two, They are Broadsheet and tabloid.IV. Question for Discussion( 30%)1. What is the significance of the Great Charta in British history?(100-150words)(15%)In 1215, King John was forced by a group of feudal barons and the Church to grant them a charterof liberty and political right, which is known by its medieval Latin name of Magna Carta.( or the Great Charta ). The most important significance of this Charta is that it place some limits on the king?s ability to abuse his royal power. And for the first time the merchants and craftsmen can represent as a new political force. Also the townspeople can have the freedom in trading and self-governing. This is still regarded as Britain?s key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown. And it is still part of the British Constitution today2, Below are three statements of political beliefs. Read through them carefully and see if you can decide which political party they would vote for in an election. (10%)A. Conservative;B. Liberal Democrat;C. Labor。

英美文学选读期末练习题

《英美文学选读》期末考试练习一、搭配题二、判断题1.( F ) Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Antony and Cleopatra are Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies.2.(T ) The Elizabethan Drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.3.'4.( T) Paradise Lost is a long epic divided into 12 books.5.( F) Captain Singleton, Moll Flanders, Colonel Jack, and A Journal of the Plague Year are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people.6.( T) Jonathan Swift defined a good style as “proper words in proper places.”7.( T ) Henry Fielding has been regarded by some as “Father of the English Novel.”8.( F) William Blake, William Wordsworth, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge are regarded as the “Lake Poets.”9.{10.( T ) The British Romantic period is an age of prose.11.( T ) The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is love and marriage.12.( T ) The Victoria period has been generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history.13.( F ) Far from the Madding Crowd is Thomas Hardy’s first novel.14.( T ) Modernism rose out of skepticism and disillusion of capitalism.15.<16.( T ) The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself. 17.( T) The early poems of Pound and Eliot and Yeats’s matured poetry marked rise of “modern poetry.”18.( T ) Shaw’s plays have one passion, and one only, that is, indignation.19.( F) Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies.20.( T ) The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.21.%22.( T ) Paradise Lost is John Milton’s masterpiece.23.( F ) Captain Singleton, Moll Flanders, Colonel Jack, and A Journal of the Plague Year are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people.24.( T ) In Jonathan Swift’s opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently flawed.25.( T) Henry Fielding was the first to write specifically a “comic in prose.”26.( F ) William Blake, William Wordsworth, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge are regarded as the “Lake Poets.”27.，28.( F ) The British Romantic period is an age of poetic drama.29.( T ) Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama, Prometheus Unbound.30.( T ) Oscar Wilde and Walter Pater are advocators of the theory of “art for art’s sake.”31.( F ) From Under the Greenwood Tree, the tragic sense becomes the keynote of Thomas Hardy’s novels.32.( T ) The French symbolism heralded modernism.33.@34.( T ) The modernist writers pay more attention to the psychic time than the chronological one.35.( T) Kingsley Amis was the first to start the attack on middle-class privileges and power in his novel Lucky Jim.36.( T ) The Waste Land is a poem concerned with the spiritual breakup of a modern civilization in which human life has lost its meaning, significance and purpose.37.( F) Shakespeare’s greatest tragedy is Romeo and Juliet.38.( T) In the early stage of the English Renaissance, poetry and poetic drama were the most outstanding literary forms.39.{40.( T ) Samson Agonistes is the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English.41.( F ) Captain Singleton, Moll Flanders, Colonel Jack, and A Journal of the Plague Year are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people.42.( T ) Jonathan Swift is a master satirist.43.( T ) Henry Fielding was the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.44.( F ) William Blake, William Wordsworth, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge are regarded as the “Lake Poets.”45.$46.( F ) Novel was the most popular literary form in the British Romantic period.47.( T ) “A Song: Men of England” was written in 1819, the year of the Peterloo Massacre.48.( T) Charles Dickens and the Bronte Sisters are representatives of critical realism.49.( F ) Thomas Hardy belongs to one of the English romantic poets.50.( T ) Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base.51.!52.( T ) The modernist writers are mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual.53.( T ) James Joyce is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist.54.( T ) D. H. Lawrence was one of the first novelists to introduce themes of psychology into his works.三、名词解释1.Antagonist: A person or force opposing the protagonist in a narrative; a rival of thehero or heroine.2.>3.Allegory: A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings representabstract ideas or moral qualities. An allegory is a story with two meanings, a literalmeaning and a symbolic meaning.4.Alliteration: The repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry.5.Canto: A section or division of a long poem.6.Characterization: the means by which a writer reveals that personality.edy: In general, a literary work that ends happily with a healthy, amicablearmistice between the protagonist and society.8.！9.Critical Realism: The critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and inthe beginning of fifties. The realists first and foremost set themselves the task ofcriticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated the cryingcontradictions of bourgeois reality. But they did not find a way to eradicate socialevils.10.Elegy: A poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual. An elegy is atype of lyric poem, usually formal in language and structure, and solemn or evenmelancholy in tone.11.Epic: A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflectingthe values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from anoral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were writtendown.12.Flashback: A scene in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem that interruptsthe action to show an event that happened earlier.13.Imagery: Words or phrases that create pictures, or images, in the reader’s mind.Images can appeal to other senses as well: touch, taste, smell, and hearing.14.>15.Lyric: A poem, usually a short one, which expresses a speaker’s personal thoughts orfeelings. The elegy, ode, and sonnet are all forms of the lyric.16.Metaphor: A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two things whichare basically dissimilar. Unlike simile, a metaphor does not use a connective wordsuch as like, as, or resembles in making the comparison.17.Protagonist: The central character of a drama, novel, short story, or narrative poem.The protagonist is the character on whom the action centers and with whom thereader sympathizes most. Usually the protagonist strives against an opposing force,or antagonist, to accomplish something.18.Setting: The time and place in which the events in a short story, novel, play ornarrative poem occur. Setting can give us information, vital to plot and theme. Often,setting and character will reveal each other.19.Simile: It refers to a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two thingsthrough the use of a specific word of comparison, such as “like, as, or resemble”.The comparison must be between two essentially unlike things.20.【21.Soliloquy: In drama, an extended speech delivered by a character alone onstage.The character reveals his or her innermost thoughts and feelings directly to theaudience, as if thinking aloud.22.Sonnet: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. Asonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea.23.Tragedy: In general, a literary work in which the protagonist meets an unhappy ordisastrous end. Unlike comedy, tragedy depicts the actions of a central characterwho is usually dignified or heroic.四、简答题1.What do the William Shakespeare’s tragedies have in common#Each portrays some noble hero ,who faces the injustices of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation .Each hero has his weakness is made used of the nature: Hamlet the melancholic scholar-prince,faces the dilemma between action and mind ; Othello`s inner weakness is made use of by the outside evil force; the king lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power makes himself suffer from treachery and infidelity; and Macbeth`s lust for power stirs up his ambitions and leads him to incessant crimesShakespeare dramatizes the whole world around the hero.2.“Never did sun more beautifully steepIn his first splendour, valley, rock, or hill;-Ne'er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep!The river glideth at his own sweet will:Dear God! the very houses seem asleep;And all that mighty heart is lying still!”(from Wordsworth’s sonnet Composed upon Westminster Bridge).Questions:A.What does this sonnet describeA vivid picture of a beautiful morning in LondonB. What does the word “mighty heart” refer toLondonB.【C.The sonnet follows strictly the Italian form. What is the feature of the Italian form sonnetThere is a clear division between the octave and the sestet; the rhyme scheme is abbaabba, cdcdcd.3.“Wherefore feed and clothe and save4.From the cradle to the grave5.Those ungrateful drones who would6.Drain your sweat- nay, drink your blood”Questions:A. Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which the stanza is taken.Percy Bysshe Shelley ; A song :Men of England.B. What figure of speech is used in Line 2`MetonymyC. Whom does “drones” refer toParasitic class in human society .7.Hardy is often regarded as a transitional writer. In him we see the influence from both the pastand the modern. Some critics believe that he is intellectually advanced and emotionally traditional. How do you understand this idea8.\9.What is the theme of Wuthering HeightsFrom the social point of view, it is a story about a poor man abused,betrayed and distorted by his social betters because he is a poor nobody . As a love story, this is one of the most moving : the passion between Heathcliff and Catherine proves the most in tense , the most beautiful and at the same time the most horrible passion ever to be found possible in human beings.10.“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s dayThou art more lovely and more temperate:：Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:”Questions:A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are takenWilliam Shakespeare; Sonnet 18.！B. Name the figure of speech employed in the poem.The first line: rhetorical question ,C. What is the theme of the poemHe has a profound meditation on the destructive power of time and the eternal beauty brought forth by poetry to the one he loves .11.“When the stars threw down their spears,`And water’d heaven with their tears,Did he smile his work to seeDid he who made the Lamb make thee”Questions:A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are takenWilliam Blake , The TygerB. Whom does the “he’’ refer to&The god who create the Tyger.C. What does the “Lamb” symbolizeSymbol of peace and purity12.“Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, a nd little, I am soulless and heartless —Youthink wrong!… And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you…—it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as i f both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal—as we are!”Questions:A.Identify the author and the novel from which the quoted part is taken.。

《英美报刊选读》试卷

大学课程考核试卷（B卷）2013――2014学年第1学期命题教师签名: 审核教师签名：课号：0502000055课名：英语报刊选读考试考查：考试此卷选为：期中考试（）、期终考试（√）、重考（）试卷年级专业学号姓名得分Part I. Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choicePassage OneWe may all like to consider ourselves free spirits. But a study of the traces left by 50,000 cellphone users over three months has conclusively proved that the truth is otherwise."We are all in one way or another boring," says Albert-L6szl6 Barabdsi at the Center for Complex Network Research at Northeastern University in Boston, who co-wrote the study. "Spontaneous individuals are largely absent from the population.”Barabdsi and colleagues used three months' worth of data from a cellphone network to track the cellphone towers each person's phone connected to each hour of the day, revealing their approximate location. They conclude that regardless of whether a person typically remains close to home or roams far and wide, their movements are theoretically predictable as much as 93 per cent of the time.Surprisingly, the cellphone data showed that individuals' movements were more or less as predictable at week ends as on weekdays, suggesting that routine is rooted in human nature rather than being an effect of work patterns.The cellphone records were processed to identify the most visited locations for each user. Then the probability of finding a given user at his or her most visited locations at each hour through the day was calculated.People were to be found in their most visited location for any given hour 70 per cent of the time. Not surprisingly, the figure increased at night, and decreased at lunchtime and in the early evening, when most people were returning home from work.The team analysed the randomness (随意性）of people's traces to show it was theoretically possible to predict the average person's whereabouts as much as 93 per cent of the time."Say your routine movement is from home to the coffee shop to work: if you are at home and then go to the coffee shop it's easy for me to predict that you are going to work, ” says co-author Nicholas Blumm.This predictability was not much affected by differences in age, gender, language spoken or whether a person lived in a rural or urban setting.1. The "spontaneous individuals" are most probably people who .A) rely much on a cellphone in life B) can live without a cellphoneC) act without much restraint D) are boring in some way2. A phone user's location is shown by .A) which cellphone tower he is connected toB) which cellphone network he is connected toC) how often he uses the phone every dayD) the content of his every phone call3. What did the cellphone data show about "routine"?A) One's routine affects his work pattern.B) Our routine affects our human nature.C) One's work pattern determines his routine.D) Our human nature determines our routine.4. According to the sixth paragraph, a person is moreA) be found at homeB) return home from workC) go to his most visited placeD) take home as his most visited place5. What is the passage mainly about?A) The new application of cellphones.B) The predictability of one's routine.C) The influence of cellphones on one's routine.D) The factors that help determine one's routine.Passage TwoHow's this for unintended consequences? Some of the biggest beneficiaries (受惠者）of the women's movement have been married men. According to a new study by the Pew Research Center, married men have a 60% higher average household income than they did in 1970, even adjusted for inflation. Unmarried men, on the other hand, only got a 16% bump.One reason for the rise is that more men are marrying women who make more money than they do, mainly because there are more high-income women to go around. In 1970，just 4% of men ages 30 to 44 had wives who brought in more money than they did. By 2007, more than afifth of men in that age range had wives who outearned them. Members of this thriving demographic (人口统计学的）are effectively doubling their income or more when they wed, without doubling their costs.Aside from the increase in white-collar women, the other trend behind the Pew numbers is that marriage rates have declined most sharply among the least educated men and women, which helps explain why the average household income figures for married men have pulled even further ahead of those for their single counterparts. More of the least rich are unmarried than before.The study, which drew on household income data from the Decennial Census and the 2007 American Community Survey, showed that the biggest gainers were married college-educated men. The biggest losers were unmarried men who did not complete high school or who only had a high school diploma. After adjusting for inflation, the 2007 unmarried low-income men and women had lower household incomes than their 1970 counterparts. "The steeper decline in marriage among the less educated has contributed to a steeper decline in their income," says one of the study's authors, D，Vera Cohn.The trend has a dark side, says Dalton Conley, social sciences dean at New York University. "High-income women marrying high-income men is one of the drivers of inequality,” he says. "It affects the distribution of income between families." He notes that among college-educatedhigh-income couples, the divorce rate is getting lower, while unmarried low-income men and women tend to partner up and then uncouple more rapidly. "This leads to family instability and a cycle of disadvantage," says Conley.6. What do we know about the unmarried men, according to the last sentence of the first paragraph?A) They got a 16% increase in household income.B) They got a 16% decrease in household income.C) Only 16% of them were in financial difficulty.D) Only 16% of them earned more than in 1970.7. "Members of this thriving demographic" are .A) men who marry at the age of 30 to 44B) women whose husbands age 30 to 44C) men whose wives earn more than they doD) women who earn more than their husbands8. It is found by the Pew Research Center that more and more of the least educated men .A) earn less than their wivesB) are declined by white-collar womenC) refuse to marry white-collar womenD) have to remain single9. Compared with the 1970 unmarried low-income men, their 2007 counterpartsA) had even less educationB) had lower marriage ratesC) had slower growth in household incomeD) had more trouble adjusting for inflation10. What does Conley imply by saying "This leads to family instability”？A) Education determines the family stability.B) Income determines the family stability.C) Marriage rate is the index of family stability.D) Divorce rate is the index of family stability.Passage ThreeWhat Is a B.A. in English Worth Anymore?Jonathan Timm considers himself lucky. A 2011 college graduate, he landed a job not long ago that both pays the bills and makes use of his education.“Basically, I got hired for my abilities to think and write analytically, cut through complex issues and communicate effectively — exactly the skills li beral arts education should teach,” says Timm, 24, of Oakland. An investigator for a state agency, Habeas Corpus Resource Center, he gathers evidence to help indigent inmates on death row get a new trial, off of death row or both.The job search took about a year, during which he also waited tables, took an unpaid internship and had periods of “doubt and regret.” But if he had to do it over again, Timm says, he would again go to Shimer College, a liberal arts school in Chicago whose coursework is based on the Great Books.There was a time when college was a place where young adults could expand their horizons. But as tuitions increase, student debt mounts and job prospects for recent grads remain uncertain, Timm and his alma mater represent increasing rarities in higher education: students and schools whose primary goals center on a broad-based education in the arts and sciences. Today, students and parents say college should prepare students for a good job.A record 87.9% of freshmen this year say a very im portant reason for going to college is “to be able to get a better job,” according to an annual survey by UCLA‟s Cooperative Institutional Research Program. And parents are more likely to strongly agree that vocational school — or no college at all — provides a better pathway to a good job than does a liberal arts education, says a survey out in March by Inside Higher Ed, a trade publication.Meanwhile, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee and Colorado are among a growing number of states publishing databases comparing the earning power of degrees for recent graduates based on where they went to school and what they majored in. Governors of Texas, Florida, Wisconsin and, most recently, North Carolina, argue that public universities should focus on majors, especially in the fields of science, technology, engineering and math, that will meet their state‟s workforce needs. Even President Obama has made jobs central to his higher-education agenda.Proponents of the liberal arts say criticisms are based on outdated stereotypes. Many liberal arts colleges, including Shimer, have beefed up opportunities for internships. North Carolina‟s Davidson College will start a program this summer that will connect graduating seniors with paid fellowships at non-profits. Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, N.C., posts data so studentscan see where graduates with their majors have landed jobs —including art history majors at Sotheby‟s, Deloitte Consulting and Kate Spade.On the flip side, more than 35 business schools last month met to talk about how to incorporate the liberal arts into their courses. “There‟s ... a sense that business education has become too narrow and isn‟t preparing graduates adequately — for career success, certainly —but also more broadly for lives as engage d citizens,” says Judith Samuelson, of the non-profit Aspen Institute's Business and Society program, which organized the meeting.The number of schools awarding more than half of their bachelor‟s degrees in liberal-arts disciplines, such as history, literature and philosophy, has dwindled, from 212 in 1990 to 130 last year, research by Vicki Baker, a professor Albion College in Michigan, shows.Liberal arts colleges in recent months have acknowledged a need to better justify their often-hefty price tag.At Occidental College, a liberal arts school in Los Angeles, a course this spring challenges freshmen to consider the purpose of college. “To me, education is not a means of creating workers or even to creating citizens, but of building the capacity to an alyze, create and collaborate,” says Carey Sargent, who is teaching the course, called “Liberal Arts at the Brink? Navigating the Crisis in Higher Education.”Daniel Stigall, 18, who is taking the course, says he chose Occidental over a larger public unive rsity because he liked its “intimacy and communal values.” His parents, Cheryl and Gary Stigall, of San Diego, worry. “We have very strong concerns that Daniel's education is too expensive and that at graduation he won‟t have a career, like so many these d ays that end up as part of the underpaid service economy, living with their parents,” Cheryl Stigall says.But Daniel Stigall, who is considering entrepreneurship as a career, says Sargent‟s course has made him appreciate Occidental‟s approach all the more. “With a well-rounded education, I think I‟ll be better prepared to start a company than most business students.”11. Jonathan Timm landed a job because .A. He majored in science.B. He majored in art.C. He get well education in Liberal arts.D. He was an investigator for a state agency.12. Most freshmen this year say the reason for going to college is NOT.A. to prepare them for a good job.B. to get literal arts education.C. to be able to get a better job.D. to meet the st ate‟s workforce needs.13. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Parents agree that it is easier to find a good job for students who study in vocational schoolsthan those in liberal arts colleges.B. Some Governors argue that public universities should focus on majors in science andengineering.C. The purpose of college is to help students build the capacity to analyze, create andcollaborate.D. Liberal arts education should be replaced by career education.14. What should liberal arts college do to survive the dilemma?A. change its focus from liberal to science.B. decrease it‟s bachelor‟s degree in liberal-arts disciplines.C. incorporate liberal arts into business courses.D. need to better justify their price tag.15. What can we conclude from the report?A. Liberal arts education is not necessary in college.B. It is hard for a graduate with a B.A degree to land a good job.C. Well-rounded education can be better prepared students in their career.D. Liberal arts education is popular with students and parents.Part II. Reading in DepthDirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter or a combination of letters. Please choose the corresponding letter or combination for each item on. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.When Louise Brown was born on 25 July 1978，she kicked off an era. The first "test tube baby" is a mother herself now, and she's been joined by millions of others born with the 16 of in vitro fertilization (体外受精)‟ or I VF. Now specialists wonder whether people who were conceived by IVF are likely to be 17 ."By and large, the kids are just fine. It's not like the kids having 18 arms or heads," says Carmen Sapienza, a scientist at Temple University. But none is older than their early 30s, and the vast 19 are under the age of 20，so they haven't had time for long-term health problems to show up.One source of worry is that so many IVF babies have low birth weight. Children -conceived through IVF are more likely to 20 less than 2.5 kilograms than are babies conceived 21 . That could spell trouble ahead, because low-birth-weight babies often have long-term health problems. They're more likely to be obese, to have diabetes (糖尿病）or other problems.With that in mind, Sapienza and colleagues have looked at genes that are likely to play a role in such health problems. They found that certain DNA—patterns, which affect how genes are 22 , are different between IVF and non-IVF children. There's no way to tell if that's because of the 23 used to produce the IVF babies or whether the difference has something to do with the underlying infertility problem the parents had. It's also 24 whether these gene-expression differences will translate into health differences. But it does suggest that children conceived by IVF are 25 on some level.Part III To Detect the InformationDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.How to Make Attractive and Effective PowerPoint PresentationsA) Microsoft PowerPoint has dramatically changed the way in which academic and business presentations are made. This article outlines few tips on making more effective and attractive PowerPoint presentations.The TextB) Keep the wording clear and simple. Use active, visual language. Cut unnecessary words—a good rule of thumb is to cut paragraphs down to sentences, sentences into phrases, and phrases into key words. Limit the number of words and lines per slide. Try the Rule of Five-five words per line, five lines per slide. If too much text appears on one slide, use the AutoFit feature to split it between two slides. Click within the placeholder to display the AutoFit Options button (its symbol is two horizontal lines with arrows above and below), then click on the button and choose Split Text between Two Slides from the submenu.C) Font size for titles should be at least 36 to 40, while the text body should not be smaller than 24. Use only two font styles per slide—one for the title and the other for the text. Choose two fonts that visually contrast with each other. Garamond Medium Condensed and Impact are good for titles, while Garamond or Tempus Sans can be used for the text body.D) Embed the fonts in your presentation, if you are not sure whether the fonts used in the presentation are present in the computer that will be used for the presentation. To embed the fonts:(1) On the File menu, click Save As. (2) On the toolbar, click Tools, click Save Options, select the Embed TrueType Fonts check box, and then select Embed characters in use only.E) Use colors sparingly; two to three at most. You may use one color for all the titles and another for the text body. Be consistent from slide to slide. Choose a font color that contrasts well with the background.F) Capitalizing the first letter of each word is good for the title of slides and suggests a more formal situation than having just the first letter of the first word capitalized. In bullet point lines, capitalize the first word and no other words unless they normally appear capped. Upper and lower case lettering is more readable than all capital letters. Moreover, current styles indicate that using all capital letters means you are shouting. If you have text that is in the wrong case, select the text, and then click Shift+F3 until it changes to the case style that you like. Clicking Shift+F3 toggles the text case between ALL CAPS, lower case, and Initial Capital styles.G) Use bold or italic typeface for emphasis. Avoid underlining, it clutters up the presentation.Don‟t center bulleted lists or text. It is confusing to read. Left align unless you have a good reason not to. Run “spell check”on your show when finished.The BackgroundH) Keep the background consistent. Simple, light textured backgrounds work well. Complicated textures make the content hard to read. If you are planning to use many clips in your slides, select a white background. If the venue of your presentation is not adequately light-proof, select adark-colored background and use any light color for text. Minimize the use of “bells and whistles”such as sound effects, “flying words” and multiple transitions. Don‟t use red in any fonts or backgrounds. It is an emotionally overwhelming color that is difficult to see and read.The ClipsI) Animations are best used subtly; too much flash and motion can distract and annoy viewers. Do not rely too heavily on those images that were originally loaded on your computer with the rest of Office. You can easily find appropriate clips on any topic through Google Images. While searching for images, do not use long search phrases as is usually done while searching theweb-use specific words.J) When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes and are in a .jpg format. Larger files can slow down your show. Keep graphs, charts and diagrams simple, if possible. Use bar graphs and pie charts instead of tables of data. The audience can then immediately pick up the relationships.The PresentationK) If you want your presentation to directly open in the slide show view, save it as a slide show file using the following steps. Open the presentation you want to save as a slide show. On the File menu, click Save As. In the Save as type list, click PowerPoint Show. Your slide show file will be saved with a ppt file extension. When you double-click on this file, it will automatically start your presentation in slide show view. When you‟re done, PowerPoint automatically closes and you return to the desktop. If you want to edit the slide show file, you can always open it from PowerPoint by clicking Open on the File menu.L) Look at the audience, not at the slides, whenever possible. If using a laser pointer, don‟t move it too fast. For example, if circling a number on the slide, do it slowly. Never point the laser at the audience. Black out the screen (use “B”on the keyboard) after the point has been made, to put the focus on you. Press the key again to continue your presentation.M) You can use the shortcut command [Ctrl]P to access the Pen tool during a slide show. Click with your mouse and drag to use the Pen tool to draw during your slide show. To erase everything you‟ve drawn, press the E key. To turn off the Pen tool, press [Esc] once.MiscellaneousN) Master Slide Set-Up: The “master slide”will allow you to make changes that are reflected on every slide in your presentation. You can change fonts, colors, backgrounds, headers, and footers at the “master slide”level. First, go to the “View” menu. Pull down the “Master”menu. Select the “slide master”menu. You may now make changes at this level that meet your presentation needs.26. The ways in which academic and business presentations are made have been changed by Microsoft PowerPoint.27. When making the PowerPoint, the wording of the text should not be complicated.28. In each slide, the font styles for the title and the text should contrast with each other.29. A more formal situation is capitalizing the first letter of the first word.30. Centering bulleted lists or text can not help to read.31. Sound effects should be used as less frequently as possible.32. When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes.33. When making the presentation, you should look at the audience as possible as you can.34. Pressing the E key can help you to erase everything you've drawn.35. In order to meet your presentation needs, you can make changes at the “slide master” level. Part IV Translation （这套试卷里的翻译出自课本，请将课本的译文发给我）Directions: translate the following sentences into Chinese:36. Despite the swiftness of these changes, certainly compared with other newspapers‟, their significance has been barely noted.37. O n the day Barack Obama was elected, a strange new feature appeared on the website of the New York Times. Called the Word Train, it asked a simple question: What one word describes your current state of mind?38. The stock sank by 60 percent, and by fall, the paper had been rated a junk investment, announced plans to mortgage its new building, slashed dividends, and, as of last week, was printing ads on the front page.39. I met with members of the teams that created the Word Train in a glass-walled conference room, appropriate for their fishbowl profession.40. That fall, the Times entered its pricey new building, and online and off-line finally merged, physically, onto the same floor.Part V Rearrange the OrderDirections: In this section, you are going to read a few sentences which are disordered. You are required to rearrange them into a logical paragraph.①Football players are 11 times more likely to suffer heat related illnesses than all other high school sports combined, according to a recent University of North Carolina study.②Other states, including Pennsylvania and Iowa, will roll out new practice rules this season.③Georgia last year began a new heat policy for football practices that might help end the state‟s distinction as the leader in heat-related football player deaths.④Spring football practice started this month for high schools across the country, and teams are drawing up game plans for the heat as well as this fall‟s opponents.⑤To block heat illnesses, several big-time high school football states have new policies for practicing in intense heat.P art ⅥWritingPlease write a summary of the news report below with no more than 200 words, covering all important points and opinions.Five Questions for Comedian Tig NotaroHIGHLIGHT: Notary‟s new album, “Live”, recounts her diagnosis with Stage II breastcancer.She is currently in remission after undergoing surgery last year.The weirdest thing for Notaro to say: “I am so glad I had cancer”.Last August, Tig Notaro walked onstage at the Largo in Los Angeles and said to her audience: “I have cancer. How are you?”What followed was 30-minute set that comedian Louis C.K. described later as “an amazing example of what comedy can be.” Notaro kept her audience emotionally off-balance by relaying a string of incidents so horr ible she couldn‟t possibly be serious — Stage II cancer in both breasts, coming on the heels of a debilitating bacterial infection that caused her to lose 20 pounds and the sudden death of her mother. But Notaro was serious. Except, she was also funny.Not aro‟s show immediately became legend in comedy and cancer circles. Within two months, she appeared on Conan O‟Brien‟s late-night talk show, with stitches from her surgery still in her chest. She also got a book deal and a Showtime documentary.This week, Notaro, 42, released that show as Live -- as in, “to keep not dying.” She is now in remission. She also spoke with USA TODAY‟s Brian Mansfield, who got his own cancer diagnosis last year, about six weeks before Notaro‟s.1. How long did it take you to go from “I have cancer” to “I’m going to announce that I have cancer in one of my shows”?The day before is when I decided to do the show.I had originally booked for the week before, which is my regular show. Then I got diagnosed and I called to cancel, because I obviously was not in a great mood. The owner of Largo suggested moving the show to the following week in the event that I felt like performing. I thought he wascrazy, but I said, okay, fine. He said I could cancel it last-minute, so there was no pressure either way. So we moved the date.Then I went and met with my oncologist. That‟s when I found out the stage and all the information about what was going on. After that meeting, I got a text from the owner asking if we were doing the show the next night, and I texted back, yeah.I had the fear that it would be my last time to perform. My life had fallen apart so quickly that I didn‟t have too much faith. I didn‟t think that I had cancer when the doctors thought maybe I did, but when I was diagnosed with it, I thought, …You know what? My whole life is falling apart, why wouldn‟t I be dying?‟ And I wanted to perform again. So that‟s how the sh ow came about.2. Many people fear being defined by their cancer. It’s one reason some people hate to go public with their diagnosis. And you’ve already been referred to as “the cancer comedian.” How much of a concern was that for you?That, to me, is such a lame term —“cancer comedian.” It‟s lazy and lame. It‟s like “that girl comedian,” “that black comedian.” It‟s a dead end. It‟s pointless to even hover around that.But to be associated with my story and what I went through and how it has possibly helped other people, I‟m very proud of that and what has come out of it.3. You’re doing a documentary for Showtime called Knock Knock. It’s Tig Notaro, and you’re taking submissions from fans to do your show at their houses. What kind of offers are you getting?There‟s an executive producer handling that. After it gets to a certain point, they‟re going to have me sift through the things that they‟ve chosen, just because there are so ma ny submissions, I couldn‟t possibly have time to go through all of them.I used to do these tours, where I would go to my fans‟ homes to do shows. I always thought it would make for really good TV. I‟ve done it in backyards and basements and rooftops and l ofts. Kitchens, driveways — whatever they set up, I just show up and do a show.Fans submit videos and pictures of their house. We review the tapes, then we choose the houses and set up the tour. They invite their friends and put out food and drinks and have a party. Every house I‟ve gone to has been nothing like what I imagined I was going to. I‟m always so anxious for the surprise that I‟m walking into. To me, whatever you think is best, the coolest place to do a show, then I‟m there.4. You’ve got roles in a handful of upcoming movies, including In a World..., which opens next month. What do you play?。

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Note: This exam should be completed in ENGLISH.Part I: Explain the following phrases. (20 points, 2 for each)Oprah Winfrey:American Dream:Filibuster：Host Culture:Stolen Nation:Sooner:Exit Polls:Op-Ed Article:Abramoff Effect:Watergate:Part II: Give answers to the following questions. (30 points, 10 for each)1.Explain features of English newspaper headlines.2.List at least eight types of compound adjective. (two examples for each type)3.List at least ten types of journalistic leads and explain their functions respectively.Part III: Re-organize the order of the following paragraphs according to the logical sequence of the story structure. Attention: all you need to do is to write in the box below the numbers for the corresponding paragraph. (20 points, 2 for each)Program endorsed to develop shanghai(1) “But more important, it should rely on the support and efforts of the people of Shanghai.”(2) “Developing Pudong is an event of im portant strategic significance both to Shanghai and the whole country. The central government will provide necessary support and the whole country should give active support,” Wen said.(3) “I hope the comrades in Shanghai will do a better job in developin g Pudong and gaining new momentum for Shanghai,” Wen said.(4) “This is another important plan for us to deepen the country’s reform and expand its opening to the outside world, ”said Wen at a celebration for the fifth anniversary of the Shanghai V olkswagen Automotive Co. Ltd. yesterday morning.(5) He said that the achievements of the two projects are the outcome of reform and open policy.(6) In Shanghai, Wen also attended the celebrations for the start of production of the 300,000-ton ethylene project in the Shanghai Petro-chemical Complex and the start of cold-rolling mill in Baoshan Iron and Steel Complex.(7) Wen said that the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Council have agreed to “speed up the development of the Pudong area”.(8) Wen welcomed overseas entrepreneurs and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan to invest in developing Pudong. “We will provide favorable conditions for cooperation as well as an increasingly improving investment environment.” Wen said.(9) SHANGHAI –An ambitious program to expand and develop China’s largest industrial city into the country’s top open economic zone has been endorsed by the State’s leadership.(10) Shanghai has a broad industrial foundation and strong science and technological and economic management personnel. The city also has widespread overseas links. The transportation network here is linked to all parts of the country, the Premier said.(11) Situated between the East China Sea and the Yangtze and Huangpu rivers, the Pudong area—because of its waterlocked position—has been the only underpopulated and least built-up area of Shanghai.(12) The project is the last of the four such installations China imported from Japan in 1978 and moved to Shanghai in 1983.(13) The Shanghai V olkswagen has built up an annual production capacity of 30,000 cars and 100,000 engines. About 58,000Santana cars have been produced so far. (14) The successful run of the Shanghai 300,000-ton ethylene project has increased China’s ethylene ou tput to some 2 million tons each year, ranking the eighth in the world.(15) This was confirmed by Premier Wen Jiabao, who said yesterday that policies for economic and technological development zones and some policies for special economic zones will be c arried out in Shanghai’s Pudong area, on the east side of Huangpu River.(16) This will help to ease the raw material shortage in China and boost the development of textile, chemical and building material industries.(17) With these comprehensive advantages and the policies given by the central government, Shanghai could develop Pudong into a modern and export-oriented industrial base, Wen said.Part Ⅳ.Put into English the following sentences or paragraphs from the Chinese press. Attention: Insert or add in your version necessary background information for the boldfaced parts. Be sure that your version is not merely a translation.（15 points）①这些早年的海归校友10年后又重聚哈佛商学院，回忆起当年宿舍“卧谈”的往事，不禁感慨万千。

他们当中，有人已成为中国的“乔布斯”，位居福布斯排行前十位，后遁居风景如画的丽江古城；有人远赴敦煌莫高窟，着手保护历经千年的文化瑰宝，每天疲于控制蜂拥而至的国内外游客数量；有人进入东北老工业基地，为振兴国有经济殚精竭虑；有人早已背弃了早年的誓言，深陷性丑闻；有人凭借“改变”的政治口号获得多数选民支持，成功进入中央政府。

（10 points）②国务院要求各级部门搞好职业培训，扩宽就业门路，推进再就业工程。

据报道，去年全国城镇新就业700万人，下岗人员再就业245万人，城镇登记失业率3.1%。