第三章词汇翻译

合集下载

第三章——词语的翻译(上)

第三章——词语的翻译(上)

第三章 词语的翻译
一、词语指称意义与蕴涵意义的确定 词是可以独立运用的最小语言单位,也是最小的语法 单位。 “辩义乃翻译之本” 辩义乃翻译之本” 辩义乃翻译之本 不明辨词义,就难以准确地表达原意。 (一)指称意义的理解与表达 指称意义是“词的确切和字面的意义”(陆国强, 1999:117),是语言交际中出现最早、使用频率最高 的意义,也是人们进行语言交际时所表达的最基本意 义。 两种语言之间的可译性正是由指称意义的基本对等决 定的。 例如: “月亮”和moon都反映了相同的客观事物, 其指称意义完全对等。
二、词语翻译与语言环境
词义与语境关系密切。 词义与语境关系密切。 “每个词在一个新的语境中就是一个新词” (Each word when used in a new context is a new word) (Firth, 1957) “没有语境,词就没有意义”(Malinowski, 1923)。 “在所有的翻译过程中,语境都是凌驾于一切的因素,而 且优先于任何的规则、理论或是基本意义”(Newmark, 1981: 113)。 在王宗炎先生编写的《英汉应用语言学词典》(1988)中将 语言环境定义为上下文,即词、短语、语句或篇章的前后 关系。 具体而言,词与词之间固定的或是临时的搭配关系以及词 语在语句、篇章中所处的位置都是语言环境的具体体现。
(一)根据语言语境确定原文词义
例1:……路上浮尘早已刮净,剩下一条洁白的大道 来,车夫也跑得更快。 By now the loose dust had all been blown away, leaving the roadway clean, and the rickshaw man quickened his pace. “洁白”的常见义项包括“纯白色”(例如:洁白的 雪)以及“纯洁、未受玷污“(例如:洁白的心灵) 但这两个义项与“马路”的搭配都不恰当。分析此句 的语言环境可以看出,“洁白”应该指“干净、洁 净”。译者选择clean一词,符合“洁白”一词与上 文“路上浮尘早已刮净”的逻辑搭配。

(新编汉英翻译教程第二版)第三章 词语英译

(新编汉英翻译教程第二版)第三章  词语英译

第三章词语英译1.这姑娘是漂亮。

This girl is really beautiful.2.此人是书就读。

This man reads every book he can reach .3.是可忍,孰不可忍?If this can be tolerated, what cannot?4.是古非今Praise the past to condemn the present5.知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。

When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it----this is knowledge .6.南京的风俗:但凡新媳妇进门,三日就要到厨下收拾一样菜,发个利市。

这菜一定是鱼,取“富贵有余”的意思。

The custom in Nanjing is for all brides to invite good luck by going to the kitchen on the third day and cooking a fish,which stands for fortune.7.去设埋伏我们都没有信心,想他一定在昨天晚上就早溜了,今天去也是瞎子点灯白费蜡。

We had no confidence in today's ambush because we were sure he had escaped last night. It seemed as useless as a blind man lighting a candle.8.……只因生得妩媚风流,满学中都送了两个外号:一个叫“香怜”,一个叫“玉爱”。

... Because of their glamorous looks and affected manners, were universally known by the nickname of Darling and Precious.9.克明:觉新哪,你听着!Keming: Juexin, I want you to pay particular attention to this.10.客人一走进大门,扑鼻的是一阵幽香,入目的是绿蜡似的叶子和红霞或白雪似的花朵……As guests entered the gate, they would first smell a sweet fragrance and then see the waxy green leaves and the rainbow red or snow-white flowers.11.……三十六家花酒店,七十二座管弦楼。

(新编汉英翻译教程第二版)第三章词语英译

(新编汉英翻译教程第二版)第三章词语英译

(新编汉英翻译教程第二版)第三章词语英译第三章词语英译1.这姑娘是漂亮。

This girl is really beautiful.2.此人是书就读。

This man reads every book he can reach .3.是可忍,孰不可忍?If this can be tolerated, what cannot?4.是古非今Praise the past to condemn the present5.知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。

When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it----this is knowledge .6.南京的风俗:但凡新媳妇进门,三日就要到厨下收拾一样菜,发个利市。

这菜一定是鱼,取“富贵有余”的意思。

The custom in Nanjing is for all brides to invite good luck by going to the kitchen on the third day and cooking a fish,which stands for fortune.7.去设埋伏我们都没有信心,想他一定在昨天晚上就早溜了,今天去也是瞎子点灯白费蜡。

We had no confidence in today's ambush because we were sure he had escaped last night. It seemed as useless as a blind man lighting a candle.8.……只因生得妩媚风流,满学中都送了两个外号:一个叫“香怜”,一个叫“玉爱”。

... Because of their glamorous looks and affected manners, were universally known by the nickname of Darling and Precious.9.克明:觉新哪,你听着!Keming: Juexin, I want you to pay particular attention to this.10.客人一走进大门,扑鼻的是一阵幽香,入目的是绿蜡似的叶子和红霞或白雪似的花朵……As guests entered the gate, they would first smell a sweet fragrance and then see the waxy green leaves and the rainbow red or snow-white flowers.11.……三十六家花酒店,七十二座管弦楼。

论语第三章原文及翻译

论语第三章原文及翻译

论语第三章原文及翻译论语第三章原文及翻译论语第三章《八佾》篇包括26章。

本篇主要内容涉及“礼”的问题,主张维护礼在制度上、礼节上的种种规定;孔子提出“绘事后素”的命题,表达了他的伦理思想以及“君使臣以礼,臣事君以忠”的政治道德主张。

以下是小编整理的论语第三章原文及翻译,欢迎阅读。

1、孔子谓季氏:“八佾舞于庭,是可忍也,孰不可忍也?”翻译:孔子谈到季氏时说:“用天子的礼乐(八佾舞)在他家的庭院中祭祀祖先(越礼),对于季氏这样的事情都可以容忍,还哪些事情不可以容忍呢?”2、三家者以雍彻。

子曰:“‘相维辟公,天子穆穆’,奚取于三家之堂?”翻译:孟孙、叔孙、季孙三家卿大夫,祭祀祖先时,按照天子的礼制唱着《雍》来撤除祭品。

孔子说:“《诗经》上说,‘天子祭祀宗庙,天下各路诸侯都来助祭,天子庄重肃穆地主祭。

’这两句话用在三家祭祀的庙堂之上,天下哪一个诸侯会来陪祭呢?”3、子曰:“人而不仁,如礼何?人而不仁,如乐何?”翻译:孔子说:“一个人没有真诚的心意,能用礼做什么呢?一个人没有真诚的心意,能用乐做什么呢?”4、林放问礼之本。

子曰:“大哉问!礼,与其奢也,宁俭;丧,与其易也,宁戚。

”翻译:林放向孔子请教礼的根本道理。

孔子说:“你提的真是大问题啊!一般的礼与其辅张奢侈,宁可简约朴素;至于丧礼,与其仪式周全,不如心中哀戚。

”5、子曰:“夷狄之有君,不如诸夏之亡也。

”翻译:孔子说:“夷狄(中原之外的少数民族)都有自己的君主,不像诸夏(中原各国)这些国家没有君主(因为时代很乱,弑父弑君的事情时常发生)。

”不如:不像。

6、季氏旅于泰山。

子谓冉有曰:“女弗能救与?”对曰:“不能。

”子曰:“呜呼!曾谓泰山不如林放乎?”翻译:季氏要去祭祀泰山(违背了礼)。

孔子对冉有说:“你不能劝阻他吗?”冉有说:“不能(当时冉有为季氏家臣)。

”孔子说:“唉!难道说泰山之神还不如林放懂礼吗?(或:难道说泰山之神能够接受季氏这种不合礼的祭祀吗?)”7、子曰:“君子无所争。

研究生翻译第三章遣词用字

研究生翻译第三章遣词用字

第三章遣词用字1.heavyheavy weather恶劣的天气heavy crops大丰收heavy fog浓雾heavy traffic拥挤的交通heavy artillery重炮heavy soil难耕的土地heavy sky阴沉的天空 heavy bombardment密集的轰炸heavy storm大风暴heavy ice厚冰heavy road泥滑难行的路heavy fire猛烈的炮火heavy heart沉重的心情heavy food难消化的食物heavy sea汹涌的大海heavy hand严厉的手段 heavy charge装满的火药heavy applause热烈的鼓掌heavy look忧愁的面容 heavy tongue 笨嘴笨舌heavy undertaking艰难的任务heavy snow鹅毛大雪heavy rain暴雨heavy money大笔的钱 heavy scene尴尬的场面heavy drinking狂饮heavy fighting恶战heavy market萧条的市场heavy sound低沉的声音heavy mortar稠灰浆heavy bread发酵不好的面包 heavy news 令人忧愁的消息heavy offensive 大规模的进攻heavy bombardment密集的轰炸2.Severesevere looks严肃的神色, severe test 严峻的考验, severe heating 急剧加热, severe contamination 严重污染, severe stress 危险的压力, severe training 严格的训练, severe winter 严冬, severe reasoning 严谨的推理, severe wound 重伤, severe temperature 急剧的气温变化, severe damage 严重的破坏, severe competition 激烈的竞争, severe criticism 严厉的批评, severe style 纯朴的文体, severe weather 恶劣的气候, severe attack 急剧发作, severe brake 急刹车, severe economic depression极度的经济萧条, severe sentence 重刑判决1. Needing some light to see by, the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light with the light green shade. 夜贼需要一点亮光来辨识四周,于是轻步穿过房间,去点亮带有浅绿色灯罩的灯。

第三章、社会事件的翻译(二、侯爵老爷在城里)

第三章、社会事件的翻译(二、侯爵老爷在城里)
; shrieked the man, in wild desperation, extending both arms at their length above his head, and staring at him. "Dead!" The people closed round, and looked at Monsieur the Marquis. There was nothing revealed by the many eyes that looked at him but watchfulness and eagerness; there was no visible menacing or anger. Neither did the people say anything; after the first cry, they had been silent, and they remained so. The voice of the submissive man who had spoken, was flat and tame in its extreme submission. Monsieur the Marquis ran his eyes over them all, as if they had been mere rats come out of their holes. He took out his purse.
“我真不明白,”他说道,“你们这班人怎么连自己和 自己的小孩都管不住。你们当中总有人来挡我的道。我还 不知道你们把我的马弄出什么伤来没有哩!喏,把这给 他!” 他扔了一个金币在地上,让跟班去拣,所有的头都向 前探着,因而所有的眼睛都看到金币落在地上。那高大汉 子又用撕裂人心的声音狂喊道:“死了!” 众人让开路,一个男人急步走上前来,抓住了大汉。 那痛苦不堪的人一头扑倒在他的肩上,抽泣、嚎叫不止, 一面用手指着喷泉,那儿有几个女人正俯身照看那捆一动 不动的东西,在它周围轻轻地走动。她们也像男人一样, 个个默不作声。 “我都知道了,我都知道了,”那刚刚赶到的人说, “要像个坚强的男子汉,我的加斯帕!可怜的小东西这么 死了,倒比活着强。他没受一点罪一下子就死去了。他活 着时像这样痛快过一个钟点么?” 选自 狄更斯 著 《双城记》

了不起的盖茨比第三章中英翻译The Great Gatsby Chapter 3

了不起的盖茨比第三章中英翻译The Great Gatsby Chapter 3

Chapter 3THERE was music from my neighbor's house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower of his raft, or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motor−boats slit the waters of the Sound, drawing aquaplanes over cataracts of foam. On week−ends his Rolls−Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and long past midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with mops and scrubbing−brushes and hammers and garden−shears, repairing the ravages of the night before.Every Friday five crates of oranges and lemons arrived from a fruitier in New York every Monday these same oranges and lemons left his back door in a pyramid of pulp less halves. There was a machine in the kitchen which could extract the juice of two hundred oranges in half an hour if a little button was pressed two hundred times by a butler's thumb.At least once a fortnight a corps of caterers came down with several hundred feet of canvas and enough colored lights to make a Christmas tree of Gatsby's enormous garden. On buffet tables, garnished with glistening hors−d'oeuvre, spiced baked hams crowded against salads of harlequin designs and pastry pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold. In the main hall a bar with a real brass rail was set up, and stocked with gins and liquors and with cordials so long forgotten that most of his female guests were too young to know one from another.总是有悠扬的音乐在夏夜的晚上从我隔壁传出。

2013汉英翻译 第三章 - 词汇翻译

2013汉英翻译 第三章 - 词汇翻译


(5) 注意词的政治含义 “农民” peasant 和farmer都可以和汉语的“农民”或“农夫”相对应。但 是这个词的含义却有差别。Farmer本指农场的经营者或所有者。 现在也可指以耕种为目的而租入土地的人。Peasant指住在农村中 的小农和以耕种土地为生的劳动者。英美国家常用farmer指一般 农民,而我们常用peasant指一般农民,并与landlord或worker相 对而言。 “侵略” invasion 和aggression都是汉语“侵略”的对应词。Invasion指军 事入侵,而aggression的含义范围较广,可指政治、军事、经济、 文化各方面。 “自主” autonomy和initiative都可以和汉语的“自主”相对应。Autonomy 指政治上有自治权利;initiative主要指思想上、行动上有主动性或 独立性。“独立自主”中的“自主”是指后一种意思,所以用 initiative. 打得赢就打,打不赢就走。 Fight when you can win, move away when you cannot. 比较: Fight when we can win and run away when we cannot.


1. 我们找个安静点的地方好好聊聊。 2. 箱子里已经没有地方了。 3. 你希望留在部队还是到地方上去? 1. Let‟s find a quiet place where we can have a good talk. Let‟s find somewhere quiet so we can have a good talk. 2. There is no more space in the chest. There is no room left in the chest. 3. Do you wish to stay in the army or to transfer to a civilian unit? Would you like to stay in the army or leave for a non-military unit?
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

Country, nation, land, state, power country 表示国家的地理范畴。 nation 体现在共同的地域和政府下的全民 概念 land 给人以国土或家园之感。 state 指国家的政治实体 power 表示国家的实力

上海的服装业很兴旺。 这件童装真漂亮。 Shanghai clothing industry is flourishing. The children’s wear here is really beautiful.

游人止步 凭票入内 非员工勿入 小心碰头 爱护园内公共设施 散干果 休憩室 请让我们的工作人员到房间为你服务


请让我们的工作人员到房间为你服务

Please Let Our Maids Come to Your Room and Serve You.
公示语 , 就是公开和面对公众 , 告示、指示、 提示、显示、警示、标示与其生活、生产、 生命、生态、生业休戚相关的文字及图形 信息. 目的在于把各种必要的、有用的信息传达 给公众,以实现其相应的应用示意功能.因此, 公示语翻译是否规范非常重要,它关系到译 文能否准确地传递源语信息、是否会影响 对外交流、甚至是否会影响一个城市甚至 国家的形象
在人际关系问题上我们不能太浪漫主义。 In interpersonal relationship, we do not need too much romanticism. 如果关系有方向性,要用relation;如果关系 没有方向性,则用relationship. 如果关系有 好坏、强弱之分,用relation;反之则用 relationship. We should not be too romantic in interpersonal relations.

“水平”一词的翻译





英语水平 English proficiency 生活水平 living standard 游泳水平 swimming skill 他的游泳水平还挺高。 He is good at swimming. 他的英语水平比我的高。 He knows more English than I. 各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。 Cadres/Administrators at all levels should improve their art of leadership.
翻译中词义的选择
Diction in Translation
TRUE or False:

With a dictionary in hand, translation is just a piece of cake!
Peter Newmark: the largest quantity of translation in a text is done at the level of the word. ( 1988:55) 文本翻译的大多数工作都是在词汇层面上 完成的。

Johnson:Words are seldom exactly synonymous. 英国语言学家C.L.雷恩:“English is among the easiest languages to speak badly, but the most difficult to use well.”
Semantics Diction
Broad & Narrow Sense
杯子 玻璃杯 茶杯 平底大玻璃杯

----glass cup tumbler

=> 我买了十个杯子。?
酒 葡萄酒 威士忌酒 啤酒 白酒 =〉酒文化?

----wine whiskey beer alcohol

译文1 At present, a foreign diploma is more valuable than other diplomas in China. 译文2 At present, Chinese market values a foreign diploma more than other diplomas.

计划订好了。
The plan has been drawn up. 好,今天到此为止。 Well, let us call it a day. 你好。 How do you do? / Hello! 你留个电话,有事好跟你联系。 Give me your telephone number so that I can contact you when necessary. 今天下午好几个人过来找你。 Quite a few people came in looking for you this afternoon. 今天下午好热。 How hot it is today!

Exercise
1. 身体好,学习好,工作好。 2. 阿Q将衣服摔在地上,吐了一口唾沫,说: “这毛虫!” 3. 贾珍感谢不尽,说:“待服满,亲带小 犬到府叩谢。”

1. Keep fit, study well and work hard. 2. Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground, spat and swore, “hairy worm”. 3. Chia Chen thanked him warmly and promised, “when the mourning is over I shall bring my worthless son to your honorable mansion to kowtow his thanks.”

因果关系 Relation between cause and effect 国际关系、外交关系、夫妻关系 International, diplomatic, husband-andwife relation 两国友好关系 Friendly relationship(恒定不变关系)

Context
Each word is a new word in a new context.
Question:

What does the word “man” mean?
男人
What does “man” mean in the following phrases?
Man and wife Officers and men His man Friday Man-of-war Be a man!
文化界 Cultural circle 文化程度 Schooling 文化用品 Stationary

Байду номын сангаас
农业是国民经济的基础。 这些年来,我国的农业、林业、畜牧业和 渔业都得到相应的发展。 Farming, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery

词义有范围大小和侧重面的不同 Question: Do you know the difference among agriculture,farming,cultivation, and agronomy? Agriculture指农业科学、农业技术、整个农 业生产过程,所包含的范围最广。farming 指农业的实践。cultivation指农业物的栽培 过程。agronomy指把科学原理运用到农业 耕作中去的实践。
注意:词义要确切 应该透彻地掌握词语的确切含义,才能准 确无误地表达思想。每个词都有一定的含 义,如果混淆词义,很容易造成用词不当。 例:在中国,眼下外语文凭的含金量较其 他文凭的含金量高些。 At present, a foreign diploma contains more gold than other diplomas in China.
Task 1:Translation & Comparison
好 = good?
“好”的译法

好的开始是成功的一半。 Well begun, half done. 他身体很好。

He is very well.
邻居对她都很好。 Her neighbors are all very kind to her. 这我们好解决。 The problem can be easily solved. 电影要放好长时间? How long will the film last?

1. “第十个五年计划“期间部分规模较大、 科技含量较高的重大项目的建设将带动全 市的经济发展。 2. 增加农业开发科技含量,生产市场需要 的产品。



1. In the 10th five-year plan period, a number of large-scale construction projects with a high scientific and technological content will be carried out to push ahead with the city’s socioeconomic development. 2. We should increase the role of science and technology in agricultural development, and produce market-oriented products.
夫妻 官兵 佣人,仆人 战舰 像个男子汉!
Question:
这个
“意思” 是什么意思?



甲:这一点小意思,请务必收下。 乙:你这个人真是有意思,怎么也来这套? 甲:唉,只是意思意思。 乙:啊,真是不好意思。
相关文档
最新文档