英国文学简史期末考试复习要点-刘炳善版(英语专业大三必备)
刘炳善《英国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解-第3章 英国资产阶级革命时期【圣才出品】

第3章英国资产阶级革命时期3.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Background Knowledge(背景知识)The harmonious collaboration between Queen Elizabeth and the Parliament which represented the interest of the bourgeoisie was intensified at the end of Elizabeth’s reign. As JamesⅠ and Charles Ⅰ came to throne, the conflict between the monarch and the Parliament became more and more severe. In 1642, the English Bourgeois Revolution broke out. King Charles Ⅰ was beheaded in 1649, and the war ended. Monarchy was abolished. England was declared a commonwealth, i.e., a republic.After the death of Cromwell, the Parliament recalled Charles Ⅱ to England in 1660. Then followed the Restoration period. When James Ⅱ threatened to restore the old absolute monarchy, the bourgeoisie expelled him and invited William, Prince of Orange, from Holland, to be King of England in 1688. This was called “Glorious Revolution”, after this revolution, the state structure of England was settled, within which capitalism could develop freely.伊丽莎白女王和代表资产阶级利益的议会之间良好的合作在她统治的最后几年变得紧张起来。
英国文学史及选读复习提纲

英语专业《英国文学》复习要点教材名称:英国文学史主编:刘炳善出版社:上海外语教育出版社第一章古英语和中古英语时期1、古英语时期是指英国国家和英语语言的形成时期。
最早的文学形式是诗歌,以口头形式流传,主要的诗人是吟游诗人scop。
到基督教传入英国之后,一些诗歌才被记录下来。
这一时期最重要的文学作品是英国的民族史诗《贝奥武夫》,用头韵体写成。
2、古英语时期(1066—1500)从1066年诺曼人征服英国,到1500年前后伦敦方言发展成为公认的现代英语。
文学作品主要的形式有骑士传奇,民谣和诗歌。
在几组骑士传奇中,有关英国题材的是亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士的冒险故事,其中《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》代表了骑士传奇的最高成就。
中世纪文学中涌现了大量的优秀民谣,最具代表性的是收录在一起的唱咏绿林英雄罗宾汉的民谣。
3、最重要的诗人是被称为“英国诗歌之父”的乔叟,代表作是《坎特伯雷故事集》,取得了很高的艺术成就。
他首创了诗歌的双韵体----每两行压韵的五步抑扬格,后被许多英国诗人采用。
乔叟用伦敦方言写作,奠定了用英语语言进行文学创作的基础,促进了英语语言文学的发展。
第二章文艺复兴时期1. 文艺复兴运动源于14世纪的意大利,后遍及欧洲各国,在英国兴起较晚。
“文艺复兴”一词原意是指古希腊,罗马文学艺术的复苏,但事实上决不是简单的对古希腊罗马文学艺术的学习模仿。
文艺复兴运动的核心思想是人文主义思想,表现为尊重人的尊严和力量,关注现世生活,鼓励人们对幸福生活的追求。
代表的是新兴资产阶级反封建,反教会的思想和要求。
文艺复兴运动的思想家,人文主义者是托马斯·莫尔(Thomas More),他的作品《乌托邦》描绘了一个理想的未来社会,他因此被认为是空想社会主义的先驱。
2. 文艺复兴时期的英国文学得到了空前的发展,在诗歌,散文和戏剧方面尤其兴盛。
诗歌方面,新的诗体形式如十四行诗,无韵体诗被介绍到英国。
莎士比亚除了戏剧创作之外也是一位伟大诗人,著有两部叙事诗,两部长诗和154首十四行诗。
英国文学简史期末考试复习要点资料

英国文学简史期末考试复习要点一、中世纪文学(约5世纪—1485)•《贝奥武甫》(Beowulf)•《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》(Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )杰弗利·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer)“英国诗歌之父”。
(Father of English Poetry)《坎特伯雷故事》(The Canterbury Tales)二、文艺复兴时期文学(15世纪后期—17世纪初)•托马斯·莫尔(Thomas More )《乌托邦》(Utopia)•埃德蒙·斯宾塞(Edmund Spenser)《仙后》(The Faerie Queene)•弗兰西斯·培根(Francis Bacon)《论说文集》(Essays)克里斯托弗·马洛 Christopher Marlowe•《帖木儿大帝》(Tamburlaine)•《浮士德博士的悲剧》(The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus)•《马耳他岛的犹太人》(The Jew of Malta)威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare )《哈姆莱特》(Hamlet) SONNET18三、17世纪文学约翰·弥尔顿 John Milton《失乐园》(Paradise Lost)•约翰·班扬(John Bunyan)《天路历程》(The Pilgrim’s Progress)四、启蒙时期文学(17世纪后期—18世纪中期)18世纪初,新古典主义成为时尚。
新古典主义推崇理性,强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅,追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。
亚历山大·蒲柏(Alexander Pope)是新古典主义诗歌的代表。
•乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift《格列佛•丹尼尔·笛福 Daniel Defoe 英国小说之父《鲁滨孙漂流记》(Robinson Crusoe)•亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding《汤姆·琼斯》(Tom Jones)•乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift《格列佛游记》Gulliver’s Travels•亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding《汤姆·琼斯》(Tom Jones)托马斯·格雷 Thomas Gray《墓园哀歌》(Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard)五、浪漫主义时期文学(1798-1832)•罗伯特·彭斯 Robert Burns•威廉·布莱克 William Blake•威廉·华兹华斯 William Wordsworth•塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治 Samuel Taylor Coleridge《抒情歌谣集》(Lyrical Ballads)一. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages中世纪文学(约5世纪—1485)<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.e.g. Homer’s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:ing alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound (头韵)Some examples on P5ing metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
《英国文学简史》考研刘炳善版考研复习笔记和考研真题

《英国文学简史》考研刘炳善版考研复习笔记和考研真题第1章早期和中世纪的英国文学1.1 复习笔记早期英国文学Early English LiteratureⅠ.Background Knowledge—The Making of England(背景知识——英国的形成)1.The Roman Conquest (55B.C.-410A.D.) 罗马征服(公元前55年—公元410年)A. Brief Introduction(简介)Before the Roman Conquest, the early inhabitants in the island we call England were Britons, a tribe of Celts.In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar, the Roman conqueror. Britain was not completely subjugated to the Roman Empire until 78 A.D. But at the beginning of the fifth century, the Roman Empire was in the process of declining. In 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned.罗马征服之前,在英格兰岛上居住的早期居民被称为不列颠人(Britons),不列颠人是凯尔特(Celt)部落的一支。
公元前55年,该岛被罗马的朱利尤斯·凯撒(Julius Caesar)侵略。
直到公元78年,不列颠才完全臣服于罗马帝国,但是在5世纪初,罗马帝国开始没落。
公元410年,所有的罗马军队撤离该岛。
B. Influence(影响)①The Roman mode of life was brought into Britain while the native Britons were treated as slaves.②The Romans brought Christianity to the island and this religion was spread widely. (This is a profound religious effect up to today).③Roman road was built for military purposes.④Along the Roman roads, many towns grew up, London was one of them, and it became an important trading center.①罗马人的生活方式被带到了英国,而当地的不列颠人却沦为奴隶。
刘炳善英国文学简史复习提纲

刘炳善英国文学简史复习提纲刘炳善的《英国文学简史》是一本介绍英国文学发展历程的经典教材,概述了英国文学的重要人物、作品和流派。
以下是一个复习提纲,旨在帮助你回顾和理解这本书的内容。
一、古英国文学时期(公元前7世纪-公元1066年)1.早期史诗作品:《贝奥武夫》、《克赖斯人的诗歌》等。
2.宗教文学:《贝德的致辞》、《入埋土地的经文》等。
3.亚瑟王传说:《亚瑟王之死》、《卢梭勒》等。
二、中英文学时期(1066年-1485年)1.诺曼底征服后的影响:法语文学的传入。
2.米德尔英语文学:《切阿通匹恩的罗曼斯》等。
3.文人和教士的作品:《福尔莫尔的诗集》、《金马伦的伊莎贝拉》等。
三、文艺复兴时期(1485年-1603年)1.文艺复兴思潮的传入。
2.威廉·莎士比亚及其作品:《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。
3.其他重要诗人和作品:约翰·米尔顿的《失乐园》、培根的《新科学》等。
四、十七世纪文学(1603年-1660年)1.皇家主义文学:本·琼森的《包涵的破碎》等。
2.牧歌诗和骑士诗:约翰·唐纳的《简·卡特琳之歌》等。
3.讽刺文学:约纳森·斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》等。
五、启蒙运动时期(1660年-1798年)1.小说的发展:丹尼尔·笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》、萨缪尔·理查森的《帕梅拉》等。
2.詹姆斯·汤姆逊和约翰·洛克的作品。
3.威廉·布莱克和威廉·华兹华斯的浪漫主义作品。
六、浪漫主义时期(1798年-1832年)1.华兹华斯、柯勒律治和拜伦的作品。
2.珀西·比希·雪莱、约翰·济慈和简·奥斯丁的作品。
3.疲软派和托马斯·哈代的作品。
七、维多利亚时期(1832年-1901年)1.查尔斯·狄更斯和查尔斯·达尔文的作品。
2.奥斯卡·王尔德和罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森的作品。
英国文学简史期末考试复习要点 刘炳善版(英语专业大三必备)

英国文学史资料British Writers and WorksI. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.e.g. Homer’s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:ing alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound(头韵)Some examples on P5ing metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement isa typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)The father of English poetry.It is ____alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的,广泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A )A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Matin LutherC. William LanglandD. John Gowerwriting style: wisdom, humor, humanity.① <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集:first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③ <The House of Fame>声誉之宫Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three:King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the EnglishRenaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:1.new discoveries in geography and astrology2.the religious reformation and economic expansion3.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1.E dmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599(后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
刘炳善《英国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解-第一章至第二章【圣才出品】

第1章早期和中世纪的英国文学1.1复习笔记早期英国文学Early English LiteratureⅠ.Background Knowledge—The Making of England(背景知识——英国的形成)1.The Roman Conquest(55B.C.-410A.D.)罗马征服(公元前55年—公元410年)A.Brief Introduction(简介)Before the Roman Conquest,the early inhabitants in the island we call England were Britons,a tribe of Celts.In55B.C.,Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar,the Roman conqueror.Britain was not completely subjugated to the Roman Empire until78A.D.But at the beginning of the fifth century,the Roman Empire was in the process of declining.In 410A.D.,all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned.罗马征服之前,在英格兰岛上居住的早期居民被称为不列颠人(Britons),不列颠人是凯尔特(Celt)部落的一支。
公元前55年,该岛被罗马的朱利尤斯·凯撒(Julius Caesar)侵略。
直到公元78年,不列颠才完全臣服于罗马帝国,但是在5世纪初,罗马帝国开始没落。
公元410年,所有的罗马军队撤离该岛。
B.Influence(影响)①The Roman mode of life was brought into Britain while the native Britons weretreated as slaves.②The Romans brought Christianity to the island and this religion was spread widely.(This is a profound religious effect up to today).③Roman road was built for military purposes.④Along the Roman roads,many towns grew up,London was one of them,and itbecame an important trading center.①罗马人的生活方式被带到了英国,而当地的不列颠人却沦为奴隶。
考研英国文学复习要点(参照教材刘炳善《英国文学简史》)

Part One: Early and Medieval English Literature1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题)2. Romance (名词解释)3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story4. Ballad(名词解释)5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)Part Two: The English Renaissance8. The Authorized Version of English Bible and its significance(填空选择)9. Renaissance(名词解释)10.Thomas More——Utopia11. Sonnet(名词解释)12. Blank verse(名词解释)13. Edmund Spenser“The Faerie Queene”; Amoretti (collec tion of his sonnets)Spenserian Stanza(名词解释)14. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”(推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读)15. Christopher Marlowe (“Doctor Faustus” and his achievements)16. William Shakespeare可以说是英国文学史中最重要的作家,一定要看熟了。
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英国文学史资料British Writers and Works一、中世纪文学(约5世纪—1485)•《贝奥武甫》(Beowulf)•《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》(Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )杰弗利·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer)“英国诗歌之父”。
(Father of English Poetry)《坎特伯雷故事》(The Canterbury Tales)二、文艺复兴时期文学(15世纪后期—17世纪初)•托马斯·莫尔(Thomas More )《乌托邦》(Utopia)•埃德蒙·斯宾塞(Edmund Spenser)《仙后》(The Faerie Queene)•弗兰西斯·培根(Francis Bacon)《论说文集》(Essays)克里斯托弗·马洛Christopher Marlowe•《帖木儿大帝》(Tamburlaine)•《浮士德博士的悲剧》(The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus)•《马耳他岛的犹太人》(The Jew of Malta)威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》(Romeo and Juliet)、《哈姆莱特》(Hamlet)、《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《李尔王》(King Lear)、《麦克白》(Macbeth)历史剧《亨利四世》(Henry IV)传奇剧《暴风雨》(The Tempest)本·琼生Ben Johnson•《人人高兴》(Every Man in His Humor)•《狐狸》(V olpone)•《练金术士》(The Alchemist)三、17世纪文学约翰·弥尔顿John Milton《失乐园》(Paradise Lost)《复乐园》(Paradise Regained)诗剧《力士参孙》(Samson Agonistes)•约翰·班扬(John Bunyan)《天路历程》(The Pilgrim’s Progress)•威廉·康格里夫(William Congreve)《以爱还爱》(Love for Love)《如此世道》(The Way of the World)四、启蒙时期文学(17世纪后期—18世纪中期)18世纪初,新古典主义成为时尚。
新古典主义推崇理性,强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅,追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。
亚历山大·蒲柏(Alexander Pope)是新古典主义诗歌的代表。
•乔纳森·斯威夫特Jonathan Swift《格列佛•丹尼尔·笛福Daniel Defoe 英国小说之父《鲁滨孙漂流记》(Robinson Crusoe)•亨利·菲尔丁Henry Fielding《汤姆·琼斯》(Tom Jones)•乔纳森·斯威夫特Jonathan Swift《格列佛游记》Gulliver’s Travels•丹尼尔·笛福Daniel Defoe 英国小说之父《鲁滨孙漂流记》(Robinson Crusoe)•亨利·菲尔丁Henry Fielding《汤姆·琼斯》(Tom Jones)•奥利弗·哥尔德斯密斯Oliver Goldsmith《荒村》(The Deserted Village)•詹姆斯·汤姆逊James Thomson《四季歌》(The Seasons)•威廉·柯林斯William Collins《黄昏颂》(Ode to Evening)•托马斯·格雷Thomas Gray《墓园哀歌》(Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard)五、浪漫主义时期文学(1798-1832)•罗伯特·彭斯Robert Burns•威廉·布莱克William Blake•威廉·华兹华斯William Wordsworth•塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治Samuel Taylor Coleridge《抒情歌谣集》(Lyrical Ballads)· Byron,Shelley,Keats六、现实主义时期文学(19世纪30年代-1918)(维多利亚时代1832-1901)•罗伯特·布朗宁Robert Browning戏剧独白《皮帕走过了》(Pippa Passes)《指环与书》(The Ring and the Book)•阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生Alfred Tennyson《悼念》(In Memoriam A. H. H)勃朗特三姐妹•夏洛蒂·勃朗特Charlotte Bronte《简·爱》(Jane Eyre)•艾米丽·勃朗特Emily Bronte《呼啸山庄》(Wuthering Heights)•安妮·勃朗特Anne Bronte《阿格尼斯·格雷》(Agnes Grey)。
托马斯·哈代Thomas Hardy•《德伯家的苔丝》(Tess of the D’Urbervilles)•《无名的裘德》(Jude the Obscure)查尔斯·狄更斯Charles Dickens•《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twist)•《大卫·科波菲尔》(David Copperfield)•《远大前程》(Great Expectations)•《荒凉山庄》(Bleak House)•《双城记》(A Tale of Two Cities)一. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages中世纪文学(约5世纪—1485<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.e.g. Homer’s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:ing alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound(头韵)Some examples on P5ing metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement isa typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)The father of English poetry.It is ____alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的,广泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A )A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Matin LutherC. William LanglandD. John Gowerwriting style: wisdom, humor, humanity.① <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集:first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③ <The House of Fame>声誉之宫Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three:King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance Period文艺复兴时期文学(15世纪后期—17世纪初)A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the EnglishRenaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Two features1. a thirsting curiosity for the clasical literature2.the keen interst in the activities of humanity.The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts:(1)to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe,(2)to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie,(3)to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:1.new discoveries in geography and astrology2.the religious reformation and economic expansion3.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.English Renaissance:the early 16th century to the early 17th century.1.E dmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599(后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。