2008年1月份SAT试题分析
200801月MBA联考-英语(二)真题跟答案
2008年全国硕士研究生——管理类专业学位联考（二）2008年联考英语真题与答案Section I VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers onANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)1.Oil is an important ______material which can be processed into many different products, includingplastics.A rawB bleakC flexibleD fertile2.The high living standards of the US cause its present population to ____ 25 percent of the world’soil.A assumeB consumeC resumeD presume3. You shouldn’t be so ___ ---I didn’t mean anything bad in what I said.A sentimentalB sensibleC sensitiveD sophisticated4. Picasso was an artist who fundamentally changed the ___ of art for later generations.A. philosophy B concept C viewpoint D theme5. Member states had the option to ____ from this agreement with one year’s notice.A denyB objectC suspectD withdraw6. The two countries achieved some progress in the sphere of trade relations, traditionally a source of____ irritation.A mutualB optionalC neutralD parallel7. Williams had not been there during the ___ moments when the kidnapping had taken place.A superiorB rigorousC vitalD unique8. Travel around Japan today, and one sees foreign residents a wide ____ of jobs.A rangeB fieldC scaleD area9. Modern manufacturing has ___ a global river of materials into a stunning array of new products.A translatedB transformedC transferredD transported10. Lightning has been the second largest storm killer in the US over the past 40 years and is ____ onlyby flood.A exceededB excelledC excludedD extended11. V oices were ____as the argument between the two motorists became more bad-tempered.A.swollenB. increasedC. developedD. raised12. Some sufferers will quickly be restored to prefect health, ___others will take a longer time.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. whereas13. My brother likes eating very much but he isn’t very ___about the food he eats.A. specialB. peculiarC. particularD. unusual14. Britain might still be part of France if it weren’t ____a disastrous flood 200.000 years ago,according to scientists from Imperial College in London.A. uponB. withC. inD. for15. The water prize is an international award that __outstanding contributions towards solving globalwater problems.A. recognizesB. requiresC. releasesD. relays16. In its 14 years of _____, the European Union has earned the scorn of its citizens and skepticismfrom the United States.A. enduranceB. emergenceC. existenceD. eminence17. His excuse for being late this morning was his car had __ in the snow.A. started upB. got stuckC. set backD. stood by18.____widespread belief cockroaches (螳螂) would not take over the world if there were no around tostep on them.A. In view ofB. Thanks toC. In case ofD. Contrary to19. Consciously or not, ordinary citizens and government bureaucrats still _____the notion thatJapanese society is a unique culture.A. fit in withB. look down onC. cling toD. hold back20. As you can see by yourself, things ____to be exactly as the professor had foreseen.A . turned in B. turned out C. turned up D. turned downSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Olympic Games are held every four years at a different site, in which athletes _21__different nations compete against each other in a __22_ of sports. There are two types of Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the winter Olympics.In order to __23__the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the international Olympic committee (IOC). After all proposals have been _24___, the IOC votes. If one city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting continues with __25__rounds, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, __26__the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the _27__of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to _28__the Games effectively.The IOC also _29__which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. _30__,Tolkyo, Japan, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Mexico city, Mexico, the host of the 1968 summer Games , were chosen _31__to popularize the Olympic movement In Asia and in Latin America._32__the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into _33__the host city’s time zone. _34__the Games take place in the United States or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay _35___ higher amounts for television rights becausethey can broadcast popular events __36____, in prime viewing hours.___37__the Games have been awarded. It is the responsibility of the local organizing committee to finance them. This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television ___38_ and with corporate sponsorships, ticket sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many __39___ there is also direct government support.Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially __40___. When the revenues from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.21. A. in B. for C. of D. from22. A. lot B. number C. variety D. series23. A. host B. take C. run D. organize24. A. supported B. submitted C. substituted D. subordinated25. A. suggestive B. successful C. successive D. succeeding26. A. letting B. setting C. permitting D. allowing27. A. site B. spot C. location D. place28. A. state B. stage C. start D. sponsor29. A. thinks B. reckons C. considers D. calculates30. A. For instance B. As a result C. In brief D. On the whole31. A. in time B. in part C. in case D. in common32. A. Since B. Because C. As for D. Because of33. A. amount B. account C. accord D. acclaim34. A. However B. Whatever C. Whenever D. Wherever35. A. greatly B. handsomely C. meaningfully D. significantly36. A. live B. living C. alive D. lively37. A. Until B. Unless C. Whether D. Once38. A. incomes B. interests C. revenues D. returns39. A. cases B. conditions C. chances D. circumstances40. A. safe B. risky C. tempting D. feasibleSection Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionDirections:There are four passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C, and D. Youshould decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on ANSWERSHEET 1 . (40 points)Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Last weekend Kyle MacDonald in Montreal threw a party to celebrate the fact that he got his new home in exchange for a red paper clip. Starting a year ago, MacDonald bartered the clip for increasingly valuable stuff, including a camp stove and free rent in a Phoenix flat. Having announced his aim (the house) in advance, MacDonald likely got a boost from techies eager to see the Internet pass this daringtest of its networking power. “My whole motto (座右铭) was ‘Start small, think big, and have fun’, ” says MacDonald, 26, “I really kept my effort on the creative side rather than the business side. ”Yet as odd as the MacDonald exchange was, barter is now big business on the Net. This year more than 400,000 companies worldwide will exchange some $10 billion worth of goods and services on a growing number of barter sites. These Web sites allow companies to trade products for a virtual currency, which they can use to buy goods from other members. In Iceland, garment-maker Kapusalan sells a third of its output on the booming Vidskiptanetid exchange, earning virtual money that it uses to buy machinery and pay part of employee salaries. The Troc-services exchange in France offers more than 4,600 services, from math lessons to ironing.This is not a primitive barter system. By creating currencies, the Internet removes a major barrier—what Bob Meyer, publisher of BarterNews, calls “the double coincidence of wants.” That is, two parties once not only had to find each other, but also an exchange of goods that both desired. Now, they can price the deal in virtual currency.Barter also helps firms make use of idle capacity. For example, advertising is “hugely bartered” because many media, particularly on the Web can supply new ad space at little cost. Moreover, Internet ads don’t register in industry-growth statistics, because many exchanges are arranged outside the formal exchanges.Like eBay, most barter sites allow members to “grade” trading partners for honesty quality and so on.. Barter exchanges can allow firms in countries with hyperinflation or nontradable currencies to enter global trades. Next year, a nonprofit exchange called Quick Lift Two (QL2) plans to open in Nairobi, offering barter deals to 38,000 Kenyan farmers in remote areas. Two small planes will deliver the goods. QL2 director Gacii Waciuma says the farmers are excited to be “liberated from corrupt middlemen.” For them, barter evokes a bright future, not a precapitalist past.41. The word “techies” (Line 4, Para 1) probably refers to those who are ＿＿＿.A. afraid of technologyB. skilled in technologyC. ignorant of technologyD. incompetent in technology42. Many people may have deliberately helped Kyle because they ＿＿＿.A. were impressed by his creativityB. were eager to identify with his mottoC. liked his goal announced in advanceD. hoped to prove the power of the Internet43. The Internet barter system relies heavily on ＿＿＿.A. the size of barter stiesB. the use of virtual currencyC. the quality of goods or servicesD. the location of trading companies]44. It is implies that Internet advertisements can help ＿＿＿.A. companies make more profitB. companies do formal exchangesC. media register in statisticsD. media grade barter sites45. Which of the follow is true of QL2 according to the author?A. It is criticized for doing business in a primitive way.B. It aims to deal with hyperinflation in some countries.C. It helps get rid of middlemen in trade and exchange.D. It is intended to evaluate the performance of trading partners.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:The lives of very few Newark residents are untouched by violence: New Jersey’s biggest city has seen it all. Yet the murder of three young people, who were forced to kneel before being shot in the back of the head in a school playground on August 4th, has shaken the city. A fourth, who survived, was stabbed and shot in the face. The four victims were by all accounts good kids, all enrolled in college, all with a future. But the cruel murder, it seems, has at last forced Newarkers to say they have had enough.Grassroots organizations, like Stop Shooting, have been flooded with offers of help and support since the killings. Yusef Ismail, its co-founder, says the group has been going door-to-door asking people to sign a pledge of non-violence. They hope to get 50,000 to promise to “stop shooting, start thinking, and keep living.” The Newark Community Foundation, which was launched last month, announced on August 14th that it will help pay for Community Eye, a surveillance(监视) system tailored towards gun crime.Cory Booker who became mayor 13 months ago with a mission to revitalize the city , believes the surveillance program will be the largest camera and audio network in any American city. More than 30 cameras were installed earlier this summer and a further 50 will be installed soon in a seven-square mile area where 80% of the city’s recent shootings have occurred. And more cameras are planned.When a gunshot is detected, the surveillance camera zooms in on that spot. Similar technology in Chicago has increased arrests and decreased shootings. Mr. Booker plans to announce a comprehensive gun strategy later this week.Mr. Booker, as well as church leaders and others, believes(or hopes)that after the murder the city will no longer stand by in coldness. For generations, Newark has been paralyzed by poverty ----almost one in three people lives below the poverty line----and growing indifference to crime.Some are skeptical .Steve Malanga of the conservative Manhattan Institute notes that Newark has deep social problems: over 60% of children are in homes without fathers. The school system, taken over by the state in 1995, is a mess. But there is also some cause for hope. Since Mr. Booker was elected, there has been a rise in investment and re-zoning for development. Only around 7% of nearby Newark airport workers used to come from Newark; now, a year, the figure is 30%.Mr Booker has launched a New York-style war on crime. So far this year, crime has fallen 11% and shootings are down 30 %( through the murder rate looks likely to match last year’s high).46. What happened in Newark, New Jersey on August 4th?A. The Newark residents witnessed a murder.B. Four young people were killed in a school playground.C. The new mayor of Newark took office.D. Four college students fell victim to violence.47. Judging from the context, the “Community Eye”(Line5,Para 2)is_____A. a watching system for gun crimeB. a neighborhood protection organizationC. an unprofitable community businessD. a grassroots organization48.We learn from the passage that Newark has all the following problems EXCEPT_____A. violenceB. floodC. povertyD. indifference49. Mayor Booker’s effort against crime seem to be ______A. idealisticB. impracticalC. effectiveD. fruitless50. The best title for the passage may be _____A. Stop Shooting, Start Thinking, and Keep LivingB. Efforts to Fight against Gun CrimesC. A Mission to Revitalize the CityD. Violent Murders in NewarkQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:According to a recent survey on money and relationships, 36 percent of people are keeping a bank account from their partner. While this financial unfaithfulness may appear as distrust in a relationship , in truth it may just be a form of financial protection.With almost half of all marriages ending in divorce, men and women are realizing they need to be financially savvy, regardless of whether they are in a relationship.The financial hardship on individuals after a divorce can be extremely difficult, even more so when children are involved. The lack of permanency in relationships, jobs and family life may be the cause of a growing trend to keep a secret bank account hidden from a partner; in other words, an ”escape fund”. Margaret’s story is far from unique. She is a representative of a growing number of women in long-term relationships who are becoming protective of their own earnings.Every month on pay day, she banks hundreds of dollars into a savings account she keeps from her husband. She has been doing this throughout their six-year marriage and has built a nest egg worth an incredible $100,000 on top of her pension.Margaret says if her husband found out about her secret savings he’d hurt and would interpret this as a sign she wasn’t sure of the marriage.” He’d think it was my escape fun so that financially I could afford to get out of the relationship if it went wrong. I know you should approach marriage as being forever and I hope ours is, but you can never be sure.”Like many of her fellow secret savers, Margaret was stung in a former relationship and has since been very guarded about her own money.Coming clean to your partner about being a secret saver may not be all that bad. Take Colleen for example, who had been saving secretly for a few years before she confessed to her partner. ”I decided to open a savings account and start building a nest egg of my own. I wanted to prove to myself that I could put money in the bank and leave it there for a rainy day.”“When John found out about my secret savings, he was a little suspicious of my motives. Ireassured him that this was certainly not an escape fund that I feel very secure in out relationship. I have to admit that it does feel good to have my own money on reserve if ever there are rainy days in the future. It’s sensible to build and protect your personal financial security.”51. The trend to keep a secret bank account is growing because______A. escape fund helps one through rainy daysB. days are getting harder and harderC. women are money sensitiveD. financial conflicts often occur52. The word “savvy”(Line2,Para 2)probably means_______A. suspiciousB. secureC. shrewdD. simple53. Which inference can we make about Margaret?A. She is a unique woman.B. She was once divorced.C. She is going to retire.D. She has many children.54. The author mentions Colleen’s example to show_____A. any couple can avoid marriage conflictsB. privacy within marriage should be respectedC. everyone can save a fortune with a happy marriageD. financial disclosure is not necessarily bad55. Which of the following best summary this passage?A. Secret SaversB. Love Is What It’s WorthC. Banking HonestyD. Once Bitten, Twice ShyQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:“The word ‘protection’ is no longer taboo (禁忌语)”. This short sentence, uttered by French President Nicolas Sarkozy last month, may have launched a new era in economic history. Why? For decades, Western leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tariffs was a natural good. Doing so, they reasoned, would lead to greater economic efficiency and productivity, which in turn would improve human welfare. Championing free trade thus became a moral, not just an economic, cause.These leaders, of course, weren’t acting out of unselfishness. They knew their economies were the most competitive, so they’d profit most from liberalization. And developing countries feared that their economies would be swamped by superior Western productivity. Today, however, the tables have turned---though few acknowledge it. The West continues to preach free trade, but practices it less and less. Asian, meanwhile, continues to plead for special protection but practices more and more free trade.That’s why Sarkozy’s words were so important: he finally injected some honesty into the trade debates. The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in tree trade, though few leaders admit it. Some economists are more honest. Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionist arguments are returning. In the short run, there will be winners and losers under free trade. This, of course, is what capitalism is all about. But more and more of these losers will be in the West,Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Jonoph Schumpeter, who said that ‘creative destruction” was an essential part of capitalist growth. But they always assumed that destruction would happen over there. When Western workers began losing jobs, suddenly their leaders began to lose faith in their principles, Things have yet to reverse completely. But there’s clearly a negative trend in a Western theory and practice.A little hypocrisy (虚伪) is not in itself a serious problem. The real problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization. Lock at what’s happening at the IMF (International Monetary Fund) The Europeans have demanded that they keep the post of managing director. But all too often, Western officials put their own interests above everyone else’s when they dominate these global institutions.The time has therefore come for the Asians-who are clearly the new winners in today’s global economy-to provide more intellectual leadership in supporting free trade: Sadly, they have yet to do so. Unless Asians speak out, however, there’s a real danger that Adam Smith’s principles, which have brought so much good to the world, could gradually die. And that would leave all of us, worse off, in one way or another.56. It can be inferred that “protection” (Line 1, Para.1) means________A. improving economic efficiency.B. ending the free-trade practiceC. lowering moral standardD. raising trade tariffs57. The Western leaders preach free trade because________A. it is beneficial to their economiesB. it is supported by developing countriesC. it makes them keep faith in their principlesD. it is advocated by Joseph Schumpeter and Adam Smith58. By “the tables have turned” (Line 3-4,Para.2) the author implies that________A. the Western leaders have turned self-centeredB. the Asian leaders have become advocates of free tradeC. the developed economies have turned less competitiveD. the developing economies have become more independent59. The Western economies used to like the idea of “creative destruction” because it________A. set a long-term rather than short-turn goalB. was an essential part of capitalist developmentC. contained a positive rather than negative mentalityD. was meant to be the destruction of developing economies60. The author uses “IMF” was an example to illustrate the point that_______A. European leaders are reluctant to admit they are hypocriticalB. there is an inconsistency between Western theory and practiceC. global institutions are not being led by true globalization advocatesD. European countries’ interests are being ignored by economic leadersSection IV TranslationDirections: In this section there is a paragraph in English .Translate it into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2 . (20 points)The term ”business model” first came into widespread use with the invention of personal computer and the spreadsheet(空白表格程序).Before the spreadsheet, business planning usually meant producing a single forecast. At best, you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection. The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item could be pulled apart, its components and subcomponents analyzed and tested. You could ask what- if questions about the critical assumptions on which. your business depended-for example, what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought?-and with a few keystrokes, you could see how any change would play out on every aspect of the whole. In other words, you could model the behavior of a business. Before the computer changed the nature of business planning, most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design. By enabling companies to tie their marketplace insights much more tightly to the resulting economics, spread sheet made it possible to model business before they were launched.Section V WritingDirections: In this part, you are asked to write a composition according to the information below. You should write more than 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 . (20 points) 以往许多人报考成人高校，是为了圆文凭梦。
2008年英语高考试题分析
考虑到奥运加和谐社会等诸多因素，今年的完形填空会回到 一个正常的轨道上来，讲述亲情友情师生情以及自我提升方面 的东西，不可能出现类似去年找校长发动同学恢复舞会之类的
3．考生反馈： 高档次词考得太多， 组合在一起， 看得明 白，选得含糊。例如：40，42，47，48，50，55等小题，几乎 没有几个选对的。
综合分析08年试题，主要有以下几个特点：
一、整个试卷强调英语在实际生活中的运用
无论听力，单选、阅读和写作等各个题型的考试都能贴近生 活，贴近实际。也就是说，只有会在具体的语境下灵活使用英 语，具有良好的语感和使用经验，才能在考试中取得好成绩。 如果只知道一些语法知识的细枝末节，而听说读写都没怎么练， 那在高考中肯定是英雄无用武之地，分数上不去。这个特点对 引导我们在教学应注重学生实际使用英语能力的培养会起重要 的作用。
总体来说，命题依然遵循“稳字当头”的原则。08年北京卷 的英语听力考试在考试难度上和以往相比没有变化，甚至在短 对话部分的朗读语速要低于往年。考察的重点依然围绕重点信 息的捕捉，时间数字，把握说话者的态度这几个大方向展开。
不足：录音语速较慢，有些不自然；男士读音比较低沉，下 午考听力考生精神提不起来。
2008年高考英语全国卷I试题分析
２００８年高考英语全国卷Ｉ试题分析总体而言，2008年全国各地的高考英语试题可以分为两部分：新课标试卷，中心词为“新”；旧课程试卷，关键在“稳”。
“新”在于各新课标试卷中出现了很多新题型，比如读写任务题、任务型阅读题等。
“稳”在于各旧课程省市试题难度、题型变化均不大。
而全国卷I主要是在使用旧课程的省市采用。
事实上，由于全国卷I是教育部考试中心操刀的命题试卷，有多达16个省市都在使用，所以它对全国高考英语有很大的指导作用。
下面，我们就分题型对今年的高考英语全国卷I进行一个简单的分析。
(编者注：2008年高考英语全国卷I真题及参考答案见本期赠卷，听力音频见本期提供的免费MP3下载)听力今年高考英语听力还是以细节信息题为主，数字题比例继续下降，但推理题的比例却大幅度上升。
由此可以看出，高考英语听力的趋势是增加推理题的数量，这要求大家在备考时除了要重点培养捕捉细节的能力外，还需要进行一定的推理能力训练——这些能力实际上也是对阅读能力的一种提升。
平时练习听力时，大家一定要着重培养对重要信息的敏感性，听录音前一定要先阅读题目，这样，把握细节题应该就没有什么问题了。
对细节掌握后，再进行拓展，搞定推理题。
单项选择单项选择一直是考查语法项目的代表题型之一，那高考英语的单项选择题一般都考哪些语法项目呢？单项选择基本上涵盖了高中阶段所学的所有语法点，而动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、情景交际等语法项目几乎每年必考，是热点所在。
从这一点来看，大家在复习的时候，必须把语法基础打扎实，还要特别重视对一些重点语法项目的掌握。
比如今年高考英语全国卷I的第29题：29. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front ______ to arrive.A. is expectedB. is expectingC. expectsD. will be expected【解析】A。
sat试题及答案解析
sat试题及答案解析SAT试题及答案解析1. 阅读下列句子，选择最恰当的词汇填入空白处。
句子：The artist's new painting was a _______ of colors that left the audience in awe.选项：A. explosionB. collectionC. mixtureD. gathering答案：A解析：在这个句子中，"explosion"（爆炸）一词用来形容色彩的强烈和丰富，给人以强烈的视觉冲击，因此是最合适的词汇。
2. 阅读以下段落，回答以下问题。
段落：In the early morning, the sun rose slowly over the horizon, casting a golden glow on the sleepy town. The streets were still quiet, with only a few people walking by.问题：What time of day is described in the passage?答案：Early morning解析：文中提到“the sun rose slowly over the horizon”和“streets were still quiet”，这些描述都暗示了时间是清晨。
3. 完成以下数学题。
题目：If a car travels 120 miles in 3 hours, what is its speed in miles per hour?答案：40 mph解析：速度的计算公式是距离除以时间。
因此，120英里除以3小时等于40英里每小时。
4. 阅读下列句子，判断下列陈述是否正确。
句子：The scientist's hypothesis was proven incorrectafter the experiment.陈述：The experiment confirmed the scientist's hypothesis.答案：错误解析：句子中提到“hypothesis was proven incorrect”，意味着实验结果与科学家的假设相反，因此陈述是错误的。
2008年考研英语真题Text1解析
女性承受压力的能力甚至可能比男性要强，
但只是他们应对的事情太多，
以至于他们疲劳的更明显更快。
capacity for
capacity
capable
tolerate
tolerant
tolerance
但是，现在的大多数女性都承担着许多责任，
很少有放松的时候，感到身心俱疲。
obligation
oblige
strain
义务，责任
强迫，责成
拉紧，负担
Alvarez’s experience demonstrates
the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress
frustration
frustrate
escape
get ahead
挫折
挫败（的）
逃跑，逃避
获得成功
Later, her marriage ended
and she became a single mother.
后来，他的婚姻结束了，成为了单身母亲。
“It’s the hardest thing to take careof a teenager,
While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life,
women appear to be way ahead in
at least one undesirable category.
尽管在现代生活的某些方面女性仍在努力追赶男性，
但至少在一个不太好的方面，
2008年1月MBA联考写作真题分析及英语试题
2008年1月MBA联考写作真题及分析61、下面是一段关于中医的辩论。
请分析甲乙双方的论辩在概念、论证方法、论据及结论等方面的有效性。
600字左右。
（30分）甲：有人以中医不能被西方人普遍接受为理由，否定中医的科学性，我不赞同。
西方人不能普遍接受中医是因为他们不理解中国的传统文化。
乙：世界上有不同的文化，但科学标准是相同的。
科学研究的对象是普适的自然规律，因此，科学没有国界，科学的发展不受民族或文化因素的影响。
将中医的科学地位不为西方科学界认可归咎于西方人不了解中国文化，是荒唐的。
甲：科学无国界是广为流传的谬误，如果科学真的无国界，为什么外国制药公司会诉讼中国企业侵犯其知识产权？乙：从科学角度看，现代医学以生物学为基础，而生物学又建立在物理、化学等学科的基础之上。
但中医的发展不以这些科学为基础，因此，它与科学不兼容，这样的东西只能是伪科学。
甲：中医有几千年的历史了，治好了那么多人，怎么可能是伪科学？人们为什么崇尚科学？是因为科学对人类有用。
既然中医对人类有用，凭什么说它不是科学？西医自然有长于中医的地方，但中医同样有长于西医之处。
中医体现了对人体完整系统的把握，强调整体观念，系统思维，这是西医所欠缺的。
乙：我去医院看西医，人家用现代科技手段从头到脚给我检查一遍，怎么能说没有整体观念、系统思维呢？中医在中国居于主导地位的时候，中国人的平均寿命在古代和近代都只有三十岁左右；现代中国人平均寿命提高到七十岁左右，完全是拜现代医学之赐。
62、原则，就是规矩，就是准绳。
而在日常生活和工作中，常见的表达方式是：原则上.....但是....... 请以“原则”于“原则上”为议题写一篇论说文，题目自拟，700字左右。
（35分）论证有效性分析参考要点：1、甲认为：西方人不能普遍接受中医是因为他们不理解中国的传统文化。
”这其中的理由是不成立的，正如乙所论述的，中医是否有科学性主要取决于科学的标准，不取决于文化的标准。
2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题及答案-全国1
2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。
第一卷1至14页。
第二卷15-18页。
考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一卷注意事项。
1.答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。
请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。
2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案示号，在试题卷上作答无效。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.ξ19.15B.ξ9.15C.ξ9.18案是B。
1.Whatistheweatherlike?A.It’sraining.B.It’scloudy.C.It’ssunny.2.WhowillgotoChinanextmonth?A.Lucy.B.Alice.C.Richard.3.Whatarethespeakingtalkingabout?A.Themen’sB.AfilmC.Anactor4.Wherewillthespeakersmeet?A.InRoom340B.InRoom314C.InRoom2235.Wheredoestheconversnienmostprobablytakeplace?A.InarestaurantB.InanofficeC.Athome第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
SAT题目难度分析及应用
SAT题目难度分析及应用关键词：标准化考试平均值标准偏差变异系数稳定性难度修正一各部分难度分析我们知道SA T作为美国的高考，在每次考完之后考题分析里都会有一个难度分析表，在每道题的正确答案后给出一个难度系数，分别是从1到5，1为最简单，5为最难的。
相比之下，国内高考则变动幅度较大，就拿刚刚过去的全国高考来说，以今年浙江省考题为例，难度非常高，是继1999年，2003年之后又一个小年，所以这样的考试风格便在时间轴上造成了一种不平等，而这种不平等可能会严重的改变一个人的命运。
非是崇洋媚外，美国在标准化考试上确实做的比较到位，在题目难度控制上，无论是时间跨度上，地域跨度上都尽量造成公平的局面，便于在美国（不是全世界，后面我们会分析）平等性的选拔最优秀的人才。
这篇文章旨在在时间跨度上对现有的一些真题的难度进行横向的研究，并结合中国学生的实际对难度进行修正说明。
我们先以数学为例来说明七套真题（1）的难度分布情况：统计量表从以上的图标可以看出，数学每年的总体难度在150左右，不会发生很大变化，而且标准偏差在1.2左右，这样保证了每年的考题大体以相同趋势变化。
但考生可能比较关心的是难度为4+5的考题的总难度，变化比较大，最高的一年是2006年1月份考题，达到了83，应该是所有考题中最难的一年了，我们也可以看到在刚刚过去的2008年1月份，其4+5的考题难度也达到了65，是比过去的考题都要高的年份，所以单从数学部分来说，2008年1月份题目是比较难的。
下面我们看一下阅读部分考题：阅读考题难度分布图2006.012006.052006.112006.122007.012007.112008.01从图上我们可以看出，阅读和数学的总体难度差不多（阅读平均145.8，数学平均149.7），这是在没有算填空的情况下的难度，如果算上填空，Critical Reading的总体难度是要远远大于数学部分的。
阅读部分还有一个重要的特点就是偏度系数都比较小，而且4+5的难度总和也比较小，这在总体上保证了阅读题目还不至于那么变态。
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2008年1月份SAT考题分析By 李现伟lxw0257111@第一部分：填空题section 21. 扣voting rights, 只有suffrage表示“选举权”之意。
restitution：赔偿solace：n 安慰levy：n 征税2. 冒号题，对后文解释的总结，statistical data所以就是demographic（人口统计）。
conjectural：a 推测的anecdotal：a 逸闻趣事的qualitative：a 性质上的3. and构成小连接，能和independence相匹配的只有autonomy。
independent:: autonomous compromise: v 妥协servility: n 奴性persevere: v 坚持competence: n 能胜任acquiesce: v 默许banality: n 陈腐recant: v 放弃conformity: n 墨守成规。
4. 冒号题，对后面的总结，“只具有形式而没有功用”对应的单词是vestigial（遗迹的）。
ostentatious: a. 假装的，虚伪的prodigious: a. so great in size or force or extent as to elicit awe相当大的invasive: a 侵略性的kinetic: a 有活力的5. 特殊人物（idealist）或者说取反:idealistic（理想主义的）<> pragmatic（注重实效的）。
condone：原谅，indulgent：放纵的6. in contrast to引起取反，strident（说话严厉的）<> gentle（待人温柔和善的），容易错选的是stoic：坚忍的（表示禁欲，相当于ascetic，temperate等）conciliatory：a. doing something that is intended to make someone stop arguing with you 调和的，conciliatory <> confronting（对抗性的）7. 冒号题，找对应，与arguing about对应起来的只有polemical（爱争吵的）和quarrelsome，第一空填反义词，而haphazard（偶然的）没任何意义，只有resolute（坚决的）可以。
philanthropic：慈善的；steadfast：a 坚定的；acquiescent：默许的8. 逗号题，现在分词进行解释，能与unadorned words相匹配的只有economical（节约的）。
incantatory：a 咒语的，魔咒的disaffected：a 不满的unstinting：a 无限制的evenhanded：a 公平的section 51.读一下顺一遍，就知道第二空不会填好词。
endorse：v 背书支持；abridge：缩短；backlash：n. an adverse reaction to some political or social occurrence反对2. 分号题，找对应，dull对顶tedious（冗长而乏味的）disjointed：a 杂乱的；unsettling：a 使人不安的3. 题目难度5，全部是熟词僻意，题目意思容易理解，但选项不好选，因为contain，check 的考察义是我们可能不是很熟悉的。
contain: lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits控制check: lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits阻止unleash：解开4. 分号题，从后面找对应；同时逗号提示相反，第二空应填vehement（激烈）的反义词，只有perfunctory（敷衍的，不太重视的），同时第一空填perfunctory的同义词为nonchalant （不关心的）。
scathing：a 严厉的，尖刻的；pugnacious：a 好斗的；bombastic：a 夸张的5. such…that引起因果关系，能引起daunting（吓人的）的只有convoluted（令人费解的），而culpable（有罪的）不和语境，小说不能是有罪的。
enthralling：a 吸引人的；felicitous：a 得体的，合适的section 91. unlike引起取反，和rarely vary取反，只有improvise（即兴创作）和ad-lib（即兴表演）以及extemporize（即兴创作），但D的rehearse正好与rarely vary相同了，而E的bungle 根本不合适，所以排除。
satirize：v 讽刺；ad-lib: v即兴表演；bungle：v失败2. 现在分词做原因状语，因果关系，只有B的因果比较合适，其他均不构成因果，其实可以猜出第二空应为“压制”，这样可以直接选出suppress所对应的B。
3. because引起因果关系，只有D能构成因果。
malfeasance：失职；redemptive：a 该赎罪的；transgression：n 犯罪；foible：n过错4. offset引起小连接，取反，能和advance来offset（抵消），只有E了regressive（倒退的）。
5. 难度5+，这道题题目很简单，但是很容易选错答案，是conservationist（环保主义者）特殊人，但是一定要注意定语从句，定的是legislation，所以应该和conservationist取反了，对应diversify而不选mandate（统治，管理）。
6. because引起因果关系，daily attendance取反，只能放弃的是以前非daily 的习惯了，只有itinerant合适。
sedentary：久坐的；nomadic：a游牧的；glorify：v赞美；relinquish：v放弃第二部分：阅读理解Section 2第一篇---双短篇对比阅读——议论文+记叙文—文章难度E词与句：Chimpanzee：n. 黑猩猩Ape: n. 猿Empathy: n. the ability to understand other people's feelings and problems 体会别人感情的状态Scientist observing them in the wild often develop a degree of empathy with the individuals being studied.Cue: n. 暗示Subtle communication cues among chimpanzees are more readily detected and recorded.Guard against: 防止,防范Scientists must guard against the constant dangers of automatically interpreting what they see as if chimps act from human motications.Toddler: n. 初学走路的孩子Nibble: v 轻咬Blissful: a. 幸福的Prompt: v 推动，激起Their actions are prompted by strong psychological urges.Chide: v. to tell someone that you do not approve of something that they have done or said斥责Chiding the author for not submitting findings for scientific review.Verify: v. to discover whether something is correct or true 证明…的正确性Cautioning the author against failing to verify a conclusion. 警告作者没有证明结论的有效性读文章：Passage 1：…empathy…not a bad thing…However…guard against…danger…their observations must be as objective as possible…这个小短篇属于议论文性质的，第一段讲empathy帮助了科学家对黑猩猩的观察，第二段警告这些人一定要防止咋科学观察中的主观主义。
Passage 2:…richer and more satisfying…obviously similar to ours……I was moved by….这个小短篇是记叙文性质的，就记叙了作者第一天观察黑猩猩的非常快乐的心情（当然以及为什么会快乐）做题：9. 难度1—line2：similar to；line 22：similar to10.难度2—中心题，第二篇就是为了表达自己快乐的心情，所以选D。
11.难度4—交叉题，这道题的难度就在对题干的理解上，the experience described in passage 2 most directly suggests that the statement about the “danger”….[第二篇文章描述的经验直接现实了关于“danger”的陈述….]，显然这种danger是因为empathy而导致了subjective，也即human impulse的作用，即A。
12. 难度5—交叉题，扣中心，我们知道第一篇文章的作者guard against这种danger，也即caution agaist…failing to …..（veryify a conclusion验证自己作出的结论是否正确）第二篇文章—自然科学类—生物类—文章难度M词与句：Emit: v 释放Luminescent: a. 发冷光的Euphoria: n. an extremely strong feeling of happiness and excitement which usually only lasts for a short time幸福愉快感Euphoric: feeling very happy and excitedQuiescent: a. 静止的,不活动的Jerk: n肌肉缩动Pounce: v. 猛扑,突然袭击Copepods move in jerks, pouncing on yet smaller prey.Explode: v. 爆炸,爆发Scratchy: a发刮擦声的Grab it, it explodes into light in their scratchy little arms, and they drop it.Nasty: a 气味令人作呕的Chomp: v 大声咀嚼Chomp down the alga 大声咀嚼海藻It is a far bet that: 比较合理的猜测是…It’s a far bet that luminescence serves as an identification signal, a means of bringing the sexes together in places.Seductive: a. 引诱的Cavernous: a. 大洞穴的Abyssal: a 极深的Wave seductively in front of cavernous mouths, invisible in the abyssal dark.Devious: a. 遥远的One outstandingly devious group of deep-sea predatory fish.Penetrate: v 刺透，穿透Read light hardly penetrates beyond the first few meters of water.Camouflage: n 伪装Feeble: a 虚弱的，柔弱的Silhouette: a dark image, shadow, or shape that you see against a light background 背光的影子Spot: v. to notice someone or something, especially when they are difficult to see or recognize注意到，甄别It reduced the range at which planes could be spotted from a dozen miles to around two. Obsolete: a. 过时的Radar became commonplace, and lights became obsolete.Predispose: v. to make someone more likely to behave or think in a particular way倾向于His early training predisposed him to a life of adventure.他早年所受的教养使他热衷於冒险活动.Deter: v 威慑Flashing serves to deter potential predators.Drawback: n 缺陷，缺憾Aquatic animals: 水生动物读文章：第一段：叙述自己的经历—关于观察到海生动物发光的问题，作用引起下文。