(整理)伴随状语定义

定义

定义:伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。

例如：

①He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper.

他坐在扶手椅里读报。

②All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem.

他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。

伴随状语出现的条件

是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。

伴随状语几种表示方法

一、使用分词形式

The dog entered the room, following his master(这条狗跟着主人进了屋)。

The master entered the room,followed by his dog(主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗)。

二、用with复合结构

The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red(小女孩们在玩雪，手都冻红了)。

三、用独立主格结构

The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying him every day(这小孩每天去上学，那条小狗陪伴着他)。

四、用形容词

Crusoe went home, full of fear(克鲁索满怀恐惧地回家)。

The match will be broadcast live(这场比赛将作实况转播)。

He left home young and came back old(他少小离家老大回)。

五、用名词

He went away a beggar but returned a millionaire(他讨吃要饭离家，腰缠万贯回归)。。

六、用介词短语

The girl came back to her mother in tears.(这女孩眼泪汪汪地回到母亲身边)。

How can you go to the wedding party in rags(你怎能衣衫褴褛地去参加婚宴)？

I went home out of breath(我上气不接下气地回家)。

伴随状语的判断

The dog entered the room, following his master.一般在分词短语（现在分词表主动过去表被动）前有逗号的是伴随状语。

让步状语从句

使用的连词

引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though, although, as; even if, even though; whether...or...; no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever。切记although不可与but连用。

用法

（1）though, although表示“虽然，纵然”之意，.用though/although, as 引导让步状语从句时，句中不能用but表示转折语气。

这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中，though较常使用，although比though正式，二者都可与yet, still或never，the less连用，但不能与but连用。例如：

Although/Though he was exhausted, (still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。

Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。

值得注意的是，although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如：

She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard.

（2）as, though表示“虽然……但是”，“纵使……”之意。

as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，though也可用于这样的结构中，但although不可以这样用。例如：

Object as you may, I’ll go.(=Though/Although you may object, I’ll go.) 纵使你反对，我也要去。

Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步

（3）even if, even though 表示“即使……”，“纵使……”之意，含有一种假设。

这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常互换使用，但意义有细微差别。even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性，可用来表示与事实相反的假设，但不能用来描述已经发生的事实。而even though引导让步状语从句时，是以从句的内容为先决条件的，即说话人肯定了从句的事实，表示已经发生了的事。例如：

We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.。

Even though/if he is poor, she loves him. (=He is poor, yet she loves him.)。

（4）whether...or...表示“不论是否……”，“不管是……还是……”之意。

由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句

的意向或结果。例如：You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy.。

（5）“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……；不管……都……”

当引导让步状语从句时，两者相同，可以互换，但当引导名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）时则只能用whatever（whoever，whichever，whenever，etc）。如上面最后两个例句可改为：

I want to marry the man I love, no matter who he may be.

下面句子不能用no matter结构(no matter不能引导名词性从句）:

Whoever comes back first is supposed to win the prize.(主语从句)

I am ready to do whatever you want me to .（宾语从句）

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英语语法大全之方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。 1）as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。 As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。 Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。 2）as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如： They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如： He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。 He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。 The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。 https://www.360docs.net/doc/3213159476.html, 北京微课创景教育科技有限公司- 1 -

英语状语种类

英语状语有哪些种类专四专八(TEM)考试网更新：2011-10-2 编辑：琴瑟琵琶英语中的状语按其用途，可以分为时间状语、地点状语、方面状语、原因状语、结果状语、目的状语、条件状语、让步状语、程度状语、方式状语、伴随状语等11种。一、时间状语 She is to be married next month. 她预定在下个月结婚。 I’ll meet you at 4 o’clock. 我将在4点钟和你见面。 A lot of students missed my lecture yesterday. 昨天许多学生误了我的课。二、地点状语 He lives over the mountain. 他住在山的那一边。 I first met him in Paris. 我初次见到他是在巴黎。 The children are swimming in the river. 孩子们正在河里游泳。注：地点状语除表位置外，还可以表“出发”“去向”“距离”等。如： Are you glad to be going back to school 返回学校你感到高兴吗 They lived many miles from the town. 他们住的地方离镇子好几英里远。三、方面状语 She is very weak in physics. 她物理很不行。 China is very rich in natural resources. 中国自然资源丰富。 This is better in every way than that. 这个在哪一方面都比那个要好。 The bridge is 2500 meters in length and 150 meters in height. 这座桥长2500米，高150米。四、原因状语 He was surprised at what she said. 听到她说的话，他很吃惊。

状语的定义及用法

状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。 1.副词一般在句子中做状语． He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好.中的very是程度副词，用来修饰well。very well是修饰speak的程度状语。 2. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。 I come specially to see you.我专门来看你. 3.介词短语 Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian. The boy was praised for his bravery. 4.从句作状语 When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian. If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 5.分词作状语 Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。 Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another. 状语与定语相同的地方是,都是前者附加成分;不同的地方是,它是谓语里的附加成分,而定语是主语或宾语里的附加成分.从句子的层次上看,状语是在第二个层次和第三个层次里的成分,有时甚至是更低层次的成分. 经常充当状语的有形容词,副词,时间处所名词,能愿动词,指示代词,以及方位短语,介词短语,动宾短语,谓词性联合短语,谓词性偏正短语,谓词性主谓短语等. 如果一个中心语前面有好几个状语(多层状语),那就应当注意它们的语序.多层状语的状语个数一般比多层定语的定语个数要少些,其语序也比多层定语的语序要灵活一些. 多层状语的一般语序: a.表时间的名词或方位短语,介词短语; b.副词. c.表处所的介词短语或名词,方位短语; d.表情态的形容词或谓词短语; e.表对象的介词短语. 其中副词的位置较为灵活,也可放置在第三项之后. 状语在句子中有两种位置:一种是在主语之后,谓语中心之前,如上文所举各例,这是状语的一般位置;另一种是放在主语的前面的,这是状语的特殊位置,这种状语可称"句首状语".