语法-过去分词作状语和定语资料
过去分词(短语)作状语和定语
栏目导引
(2010·四川卷)A great number of students________said they
were forced to practise the piano.
A．to question
B．to be questioned
C．questioned
D．questioning
解析： 句意为：许多被调查的学生说，他们是被迫练习
答案： B
工具
Unit 3 Life in the future
栏目导引
5．________more attention，the trees could have grown
better.
A．Given
B．To give
C．Giving
D．Having given
解析： 考查过去分词短语作条件状语。句子主语the trees 与give之间是被动关系，故答案选A。过去分词短语Given more attention放于句首，作条件状语。
students.) 老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。
工具
Unit 3 Life in the future
栏目导引
名师指津： 1．过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即 表被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系， 即表主动。 Asked why he was late，he cried. 被问到他为什么迟到时，他哭了。 Looking out of the window，I saw some students playing there. 我朝窗外望去，看见几个学生在那边玩耍。
分类
用法
举例
时间 状语
相当于时间状语 从句；可在过去 分词前加上连词 “when， while，until” 等，使其时间意 义更明确
分词作定语与状语的用法详解
分词作定语与状语的用法详解一、分词作定语的用法分词作定语，指的是分词在句子中修饰名词或代词，起到定语的作用。
分词作定语可以表示被修饰名词的性质、状态、原因、时间、方式等。
下面分别详细介绍不同形式的分词作定语的用法。
1. 现在分词作定语现在分词作定语表示被修饰名词所指代的事物具有某种性质或正在进行的动作。
例如：- A smiling baby (smiling为现在分词) 一个微笑的婴儿- Running water (running为现在分词) 流动的水2. 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语表示被修饰名词所指代的事物具有某种状态或经历过的动作。
例如：- A broken window (broken为过去分词) 破碎的窗户- The lost key (lost为过去分词) 丢失的钥匙3. 进行时的分词作定语进行时的分词作定语表示被修饰名词所指代的事物正在进行的动作或状态。
例如：- A sleeping cat (sleeping为进行时的分词) 睡觉的猫- The running man (running为进行时的分词) 跑步的人二、分词作状语的用法分词作状语，指的是分词在句子中修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，起到状语的作用。
下面分别介绍不同形式的分词作状语的用法。
1. 现在分词作状语现在分词作状语表示伴随动作、时间、原因、方式等。
例如：- He left the room, slamming the door behind him. (slamming为现在分词) 他离开房间时，砰地关上了门。
- Walking slowly, he enjoyed the beautiful scenery. (walking为现在分词) 他慢慢地走着，欣赏着美丽的风景。
2. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被修饰动词的主语执行动作后的状态或者结果。
例如：- Exhausted by the long journey, she fell asleep immediately. (exhausted 为过去分词) 因为长途旅行累得筋疲力尽，她立刻就睡着了。
过去分词作定语和状语解析
8. ______ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding （福建2009） B. Reminded
C. To remind
deliver our letters unless we chained
our dog. A. Being bitten C. Having bitten （北京2009） B. Bitten D. To be bitten
4. Michael’s new house is like a huge
1. ______ from the top of the tower, the
south foot of the mountain is a sea of
trees. A. Seen C. Having seen （陕西2010） B. Seeing D. To see
2. The experiment shows that proper
A 2）Mr．Smith，____ of the ____ speech，
started to read a novel．（北京春'03） A．tired；boring B．tiring；bored C．tired；bored D． tiring；boring 点拨：be tired of的意思是“厌倦……”，过去 分词短语在句中作原因状语，其逻辑主语是 句子的主语Mr．Smith；现在分词boring的 意思是“令人厌烦的”，修饰speech。
palace, ______ with his old one.
（重庆2009）
A. comparing
语法-过去分词作状语和定语介绍
It was snowing and very cold outside. A little girl was walking in the street, selling matches. She didn’t wear any shoes because she had her shoeห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ lost. She looked very worried because there were lots of matches left. She wished all her matches sold but nobody bought a single one. She was so cold that she sat in a corner with her legs huddled（蜷缩）up.
Our future schoolbag
2. Because She is surprised at the schoolbag, she turns her head back to find out what happens.
Surprised at the schoolbag ,she turns her head back to find out what happens.
1. 时间状语（time） 可在过去分词前加上连词when, while, until等来强调时间概念。 When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. Seen from the hill，the park… Don’t speak until you are spoken to. Don’t speak until spoken to.
Grammar之过去分词作定语,表语和宾补及状语
2、根据中文完成下列句子。
(1)他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。 They were frightened ———————————— at the sad sight. (2)中国分秒必争，以便赶上发达国家。 developed countries China has no time to lose to catch up withthe _________________ in the world.
过去分词概述
@过去分词具有动词的性质，同时 兼有形容词或副词的性质，在句中 可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语. @过去分词有规则和不规则之分。规 则的就是在动词原形之后加-ed.
一.动词过去分词作定语的位置
.单个的过去分词或由过去分词构成的复合形容词作 定语一般放在所修饰词的前面，称为前置定语。 过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面,称 为后置定语。
→
五.注意点
过去分词、现在分词的被动语态和动词不定 式的被动语态作定语意义的不同。 eg:1.Most of the guests invited to the party were her classmates. 2.The shopping centre being built was designed by Mr. Wang. 3.The building to be finished next year will be our new theatre.
Grammar
The Past Participle used as Attribute and Predicative
广水市实验高中 liyueqin
复习定语与表语的概念
：是谓语的一部分， 位于系动词之后，说明主语身份、 特征或状态。
过去分词做定语和状语课件
独立结构
独立结构指的是过去分词短语不依赖于任何从句，而是独立 地修饰名词或代词。这种结构通常表示一种状态或结果，强 调动作的完成。例如，“The broken window needs to be repaired.”（那个破碎的窗户需要被修理。）
独立结构有时也可以表示原因或条件，例如，“Given the limited time, we had to prioritize tasks.”（考虑到时间有 限，我们不得不优先处理任务。）
与其他定语形式的比较
与形容词做定语的区别
过去分词做定语主要表示被动动作或状 态，而形容词主要表示主动性质或状态。 例如，“the beautiful girl”中的 “beautiful”是形容词做定语，表示女 孩的性质是美丽的，而“the girl named Mary”中的“named”是过去分词做定 语，表示女孩的状态是被命名为Mary。
在省略结构中，过去分词短语可以省略掉某些成分，但必 须保证句子的完整性和清晰度。
05 练习与巩固
单项选题
总结词
考察基础概念
详细描述
提供多个包含过去分词做定语和状语的句子，要求选择正确的意思或符合语法规则的选项。
填空 题
总结词
应用实际语境
详细描述
根据句子语境，填入适当的过去 分词，使句子完整通顺。
结构辨析
过去分词做定语和状语在句子结构上 有所不同
过去分词做定语通常紧跟在修饰的名 词之后，而过去分词做状语则通常出 现在句首或句尾，修饰整个句子。
语境辨析
理解上下文语境对于区分过去分词做定语和状语至关重要
在阅读时，需要根据上下文语境来判断过去分词是作为定语还是状语，以准确理解句子的含义。
过去分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语精讲
过去分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语精讲过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语作用与用法过去分词：表示完成和被动的动作，具有形容词.副词的作用主要形式：done,have done, had done可作成分：定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语1.定语:表示分词的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系,或指一个动作的完成。
1）单一过去分词做定语——被修饰的名词之前（除了不定代词something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those...）E.g. It was the lost cat.=It was the cat which had lost.Nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested him.2）过去分词短语作定语——被修饰的名词之后单个过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句E.g. People addicted to drugs are dangerous.=People who are addicted to drugs are dangerous.This is a novel written by Luxun.=This is a novel which is written by Luxun.【点拨】过去分词和与其相关的名词、代词之间构成一种"动宾关系"，即"被动态"。
过去分词作定语，主要说明"业已完成的动作"或是"一个在以前某个未知时间发生的动作" 。
More examples:They reduced the number of animals used in experiments.他们减少了用于试验的动物数量What’s t he language spoken in that country?那个国家讲的是什么语言？Is there anything planned for tonight?今晚有什么活动吗？They are problems left over by history?他们是历史遗留下来的问题Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.突然出现一个穿绿衣服的青年女子注意：过去分词和现在分词作定语一样，它的完成时（have done, had done)不能做定语。
过去分词做状语和定语时的区别
过去分词做状语和定语时的区别一、过去分词(短语)做状语1、与句子主语的关系当过去分词(短语)做状语时，要与句子的主语有关系，而且一般是被动关系。
在读下面所有的例句时，请注意过去分词短语与句子主语的关系。
先分析例句：Frightened by Santa Claus …words，Scrooge woke up.句子的主语是Scrooge，状语部分为Frightened by Santa Claus‟words，可以看出Scrooge是“被”Santa Claus的话“惊吓”(Frightened)。
2、在句子中的位置过去分词做状语，修饰的是句子中的位于，多放在句首，也可以放在后面，后者插在句子的中间。
Seen from the hill，the city looks magnificent.从山上看这座城市非常壮观。
They came in，followed by their wives.他们进来了，妻子们跟随在后。
Tom，horrified at what he had done，could at first say nothing.Tom对他做的事感到恐惧，一时说不出话来。
3、所表示的状语种类过去分词做状语可以表示伴随情况(即主句的谓语动作与状语同时发生)、表示原因、表示条件、也可以表示时间。
He entered，accompanied by his secretary.(伴随情况)他由秘书陪着走了进来。
Moved by his speech，many people volunteered to help in the work.(原因)由于受他讲话的感动，许多人自愿参加这项活动。
Taken in time，the medicine will be quite effective.(条件)如果及时服用，这种药是相当有效的。
Heated，water changes into steam.(时间)当被加热的时候，水可以变成蒸汽。
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Surprised at what happened…
a time machine
3.If I am given a time machine , I will pay a visit to the future.
She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree decorated very beautifully. The lighted candles were burning brightly and she seemed very delighted. She lit another one and saw her grandmother. Requested to take her away, her grandmother went away with her .The next day, people saw the girl frozen to death. What a poor girl !
ciples.
1.The s_t_o_l_e_n__bike belongs to Jack. 1.作定语
过 2.The glass is b_r_o_k__e_n_.
2.作表语
去 3.Mary heard her name c_a_l_l_e_d_ by 3a.作str宾an补ger.
5. 方式、伴随状语 Accompanying action/manner
Given a time machine, I will pay a visit to the future.
3. 条件状语（condition）
If we were given more time, we could do it much better. Given more time…
If it is heated to a high temperature, water will change into vapor. Heated to a high temperature…
2. 原因状语（cause）
Because the boy was greatly touched by his teacher’s words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates. Greatly touched by the teacher’s words…
Don’t speak until spoken to.
Our future schoolbag 2. Because She is surprised at the schoolbag, she turns her head back to find out what happens.
Surprised at the schoolbag ,she turns her head back to find out what happens.
1. 时间状语（time）
可在过去分词前加上连词when, while, until等来强调时间概念。
When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. Seen from the hill，the park… Don’t speak until you are spoken to.
4. 让步状语（concession）
Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields. Though warned of the storm…
Even if I’m invited, I won’t take part in the party. Even if invited…
分 4.I_n_f_l_u_e_n__c_e_d_ by the events of the late 19th
词 century and his education, young Coubertin
developed a firm belief that spor4ts.作状语
possessed the power to benefit human
beings and courage peace among the
nations of the world.
Combine the two sentences
our future school
1.When our future school is seen from the space, our future school looks like a plate. Seen from the space, our future school looks like a plate.
Grammar The Past Participle
It was snowing and very cold outside. A little girl was walking in the street, selling matches. She didn’t wear any shoes because she had her shoes lost. She looked very worried because there were lots of matches left. She wished all her matches sold but nobody bought a single one. She was so cold that she sat in a corner with her legs huddled（蜷缩）up.