过去分词作定语和状语解析
过去分词(短语)作状语和定语
栏目导引
(2010·四川卷)A great number of students________said they
were forced to practise the piano.
A．to question
B．to be questioned
C．questioned
D．questioning
解析： 句意为：许多被调查的学生说，他们是被迫练习
答案： B
工具
Unit 3 Life in the future
栏目导引
5．________more attention，the trees could have grown
better.
A．Given
B．To give
C．Giving
D．Having given
解析： 考查过去分词短语作条件状语。句子主语the trees 与give之间是被动关系，故答案选A。过去分词短语Given more attention放于句首，作条件状语。
students.) 老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。
工具
Unit 3 Life in the future
栏目导引
名师指津： 1．过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即 表被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系， 即表主动。 Asked why he was late，he cried. 被问到他为什么迟到时，他哭了。 Looking out of the window，I saw some students playing there. 我朝窗外望去，看见几个学生在那边玩耍。
分类
用法
举例
时间 状语
相当于时间状语 从句；可在过去 分词前加上连词 “when， while，until” 等，使其时间意 义更明确
过去分词小结
他对收集邮票感兴趣。
(三)作宾语补足语
过去分词可以在see，hear，notice，watch，have，feel等动词后作宾语补足语，强调分词与宾语之间为被动关系。例如：
I often hear the song sung in English．
(二)作表语
1．过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态。
例如：
The door remained locked．门仍然锁着。
2．过去分词作表语，相当于形容词，最常见的有：delighted，disappointed，discouraged，drunk，amused，interested，satisfied等。例如：
There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago．
自从我两年前离开这个镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。
(2)有时为了强调还可将单一的分词放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：
They decided to change the material used．他们决定改变所用的材料。
＝Once it is published，the dictionary will be very popular．
一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。
拓展
有时为了强调时间概念，过去分词之前可用表示时间的连词，如when，while等。例如：
When completed，this railway will link many industrial cities to a seaport．
我常听人用英语唱这首歌。
过去分词做状语和定语时的区别
过去分词做状语和定语时的区别一、过去分词(短语)做状语1、与句子主语的关系当过去分词(短语)做状语时，要与句子的主语有关系，而且一般是被动关系。
在读下面所有的例句时，请注意过去分词短语与句子主语的关系。
先分析例句：Frightened by Santa Claus …words，Scrooge woke up.句子的主语是Scrooge，状语部分为Frightened by Santa Claus‟words，可以看出Scrooge是“被”Santa Claus的话“惊吓”(Frightened)。
2、在句子中的位置过去分词做状语，修饰的是句子中的位于，多放在句首，也可以放在后面，后者插在句子的中间。
Seen from the hill，the city looks magnificent.从山上看这座城市非常壮观。
They came in，followed by their wives.他们进来了，妻子们跟随在后。
Tom，horrified at what he had done，could at first say nothing.Tom对他做的事感到恐惧，一时说不出话来。
3、所表示的状语种类过去分词做状语可以表示伴随情况(即主句的谓语动作与状语同时发生)、表示原因、表示条件、也可以表示时间。
He entered，accompanied by his secretary.(伴随情况)他由秘书陪着走了进来。
Moved by his speech，many people volunteered to help in the work.(原因)由于受他讲话的感动，许多人自愿参加这项活动。
Taken in time，the medicine will be quite effective.(条件)如果及时服用，这种药是相当有效的。
Heated，water changes into steam.(时间)当被加热的时候，水可以变成蒸汽。
过去分词做定语和状语
2 做状语
过去分词作状语，在意义上相当于一 个状语从句。 1. United, we stand; divided, we fall. 如果团结起来，我们就能成功，如 果分裂，我们就会失败。 → 相当于If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.
这本书的销售量仍很好。
→ 相当于Although the book has been
published…
过去分词作状语，一是表被动的动作，二是表 动作已经完成。通常作如下几种状语：
1. 时间状语,
可在过去分词前加上连词 when, while, until等.
1. When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
Seen from the hill
2. Don’t speak until you are spoken to.
until spoken to
2.原因状语 1. Because the boy was greatly touched by his teacher’s words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.
2. Moved by the story, he decided to study harder. 由于被这个故事感动，他决定更加努 力学习。 → 相当于Because he was moved…
3. Having been shown around the library, we came to the classroom building. 我们参观了图书馆后，我们来到了 教学楼前。
过去分词作状语
一、过去分词
过去分词有两大特点：一是表被动的概念；二是表动作已完成。
过去分词在句中可用作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语等成分。
二、过去分词作状语的用法
1.过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且与主语之间构成“被动关系”。
过去分词短语作条件、原因、以及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时通常放在句末。
作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时放在句首。
作让步状语通常放在句首，有时放在句末。
2. 过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，或表示一种状态。
与谓语动作同时发生或存在。
过去分词或过去分词短语常用于以下几种状语：
1
2。
现在分词作状语,过去分词作状语,表语,宾补,定语
V-ing （现在分词）作状语v-ed/done(过去分词)作状语，表语，定语，宾补一．现在分词的形式形式主动形式被动形式否定形式一般式doing beingdone not doing/beingdone完成式havingdone having been done not having(been)done二．现在分词作状语辨析：动词的-ing 形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别。
辨析：（1）动词的-ing 形式作结果状语通常表示自然而然的结果。
（2）动词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果，常与only 连用，构成“only to do sth.”三．连词+动词的-ing 形式作状语，省略状语从句的主语和系动词be ，表示主动或者正在句子功能例句1.作时间状语，相当于when,while,as,after 等引导的时间状语从句Crossing the road,the old man was knocked over by a car.=When he was crossing the road,the old man was knocked over by a car.2.作原因状语，相当于as,because,since 等引导的原因状语从句Having eaten too much ,he couldn 't go to sleep.=Because he had eaten too much,he couldn't go to sleep.3.作条件状语，相当于if,once,unless 等引导的条件状语从句Using your head,you 'll find a good way.=If you use your head,you'll find a good way.4.作方式或伴随状语，相当于and 连接的并列谓语动词。
Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.=Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way.5.作结果状语，可扩展为有并列谓语的句子。
过去分词作状语例析
过去分词做状语例析过去分词作状语应注意以下几点。
一、过去分词与句子主语之间的关系(1) 过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作。
过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
【高考链接1】not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (2009福建卷)A. RemindingB. RemindedC. To remindD. Having reminded【B】【答题指导】分词在句子中作状语，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。
使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语之间的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
比较：Seen from the sky, our city is very beautiful. (our city与see之间是被动关系)Seeing from the sky, we find our city is very beautiful. ( we与see之间是主谓关系)(2) 有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。
这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；lost in(沉迷于……)；dressed in(穿着)。
由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具有此用法，如frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed等。
如：Surprised a t what had happened, Tom didn’t know what to do.汤姆对发生的一切非常惊讶，以至于不知如何是好。
【高考链接2】and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. (2009浙江卷)A. To be triedB. TiredC. TiringD. Being tired 【B】二、过去分词作状语所表示的意义过去分词作状语时表示时间、条件、原因、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句；表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。
过去分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语精讲
用心爱心专心1 过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语作用与用法过去分词：表示完成和被动的动作，具有形容词.副词的作用主要形式：done,have done, had done可作成分：定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语1.定语:表示分词的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系,或指一个动作的完成。
1）单一过去分词做定语——被修饰的名词之前（除了不定代词something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody ，those...）E.g. It was the lost cat. =It was the cat which had lost. Nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested him. 2）过去分词短语作定语——被修饰的名词之后单个过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句E.g. E.g. People People People addicted addicted addicted to to to drugs drugs drugs are are are dangerous.=People dangerous.=People dangerous.=People who who who are are are addicted addicted addicted to to drugs are dangerous. This is a novel written by Luxun.=This is a novel which is written by Luxun. 【点拨】过去分词和与其相关的名词、代词之间构成一种"动宾关系"，即"被动态"。
过去分词作定语，主要说明"业已完成的动作"或是"一个在以前某个未知时间发生的动作" 。
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8. ______ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding （福建2009） B. Reminded
C. To remind
deliver our letters unless we chained
our dog. A. Being bitten C. Having bitten （北京2009） B. Bitten D. To be bitten
4. Michael’s new house is like a huge
1. ______ from the top of the tower, the
south foot of the mountain is a sea of
trees. A. Seen C. Having seen （陕西2010） B. Seeing D. To see
2. The experiment shows that proper
A 2）Mr．Smith，____ of the ____ speech，
started to read a novel．（北京春'03） A．tired；boring B．tiring；bored C．tired；bored D． tiring；boring 点拨：be tired of的意思是“厌倦……”，过去 分词短语在句中作原因状语，其逻辑主语是 句子的主语Mr．Smith；现在分词boring的 意思是“令人厌烦的”，修饰speech。
palace, ______ with his old one.
（重庆2009）
A. comparing
C. to compare
B. compares
D. com advances in technology,
many farmers have set up wind farms
词之前，分词短语必须放在名词之后，这种 情况与现在分词作定语时相同。 Her job was to take care of the (wounded) soldier . We are doing our (written) exercises . The machine (run by the old worker) is made in Shanghai .
6. The teacher walked to lab, ________. A. followed by his students B. his students followed C. and followed by his students D. both A and B
7. When ________ into the warm room, ice soon changes into water. A. heating and taking B. heated, and taking
Grammar
过去分词作定语和状语
过去分词有两个显著的特点，即：从时间上讲，表示动作已经完成；从语态 上讲，表示被动的概念，但是如果是不及物动词用作过去分词形式，则只表 示时间上的过去，而没有被动意义。过去分词在句中通常可以作 表语、补足语、定语或状语.
1.过去分词作定语时，单个分词一般放在名
2．表示情感的动词的过去分词 一般由表示情感或心理状态的动词转化而来的过去分 词作定语时，通常不可以修饰无生命物，有些此类过 去分词已经完全形容词化，常见的这类过去分词有： disappointed（失望的），moved（感动的）， interested（感兴趣的），touched（被感动的）， surprised（感到惊讶的），shocked（震惊的、震撼 的），puzzled（迷惑不解的），frightened（受惊吓 的）等等。 如： a frightened driver a disappointed girl
All of us were _____ by the _______ question ___ by a little girl. A. puzzled, puzzling, rose B. puzzling, puzzled, raised C. puzzled, puzzling, raised D. Puzzled, puzzled, lifted
3．（上海春2002）When ____ A ，the museum will be open to the public next year． A．completed B．completing C．being completed D．to be completed 4．（上海'98）If ____ C the same treatment again， he is sure to get well． A．giving B．give C．given D．being given C in 1636，Harvard is one of 5．（上海2000）____ the most famous universities in the United States． A．Being founded B．It was founded C．Founded D．Founding
amounts of exercise, if ______ regularly,
can improve our health.
A. being carried out
（浙江2010）
B. carrying out
C. carried out
D. to carry out
3. ______ twice, the postman refused to
2．对逻辑主语一致不作要求的过去分词 有些过去分词在使用过程中已经转换成介词或连词，此时作 状语已无法从逻辑主语一致来理解，此类过去分词要引起注 意。如： ____ the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation．（京皖春2000）
5.
高考链接
A to the 1．（MET'90）Most of the artists ____ party were from South Africa． A．invited B．to invited C．being invited D．has been invited A to speak， you 2．（上海春2003）Unless ____ should remain silent at the conference． A．invited B．inviting C．being invited D．having invited
4. _____ black and blue, the lady couldn’t move. A. Beaten C. To be beaten B. Beating D. To beat
5. ________ everywhere, the wolves had no where ________ themselves. A. Hunting, hiding C. Hunted, hiding B. To hunt, to hide D. Hunted, to hide
The little girl was very ________ frightened(frighten) at a frightening voice. 6. They found the house broken ______ (break) into and rang up the police at once. built(build) twenty 7. The bridge that was ____ years ago needs repairing. given (give) more time, we could do it 8. If _____ better.
过去分词作状语
1．基本特点和形式 过去分词作状语要特别注意其逻辑主语应该和句子的主语保 持一致。通常过去分词在句中可以作时间状语、原因状语、方 式状语、伴随状语和让步状语等，而且可以与对应的状语从句 进行句型转换。
1）____
D time，he'll make a first-class
tennis player．（北京'03） A．Having given B．To give C．Giving D．Given 点拨：作条件状语，相当于If he is given time，．．．
A．Given B．To give C．Giving D．Having given 点拨：此处的given是介词，意思是“鉴于、考虑到”。
Function----practice (3m)
put 1. The programs ____ (put) on yesterday evening
were really wonderful. 2. Sent ____ (send) to the hospital immediately, the wounded soldier was saved. 3. You'd better not get the plastic bags and boxes ____ (burn), for it will give off some harmful gas burnt and pollutants into the air. 4. The firefighters are trying their best to rescue all the people trapped ______ (trap) in the fire.