美国经济英语
英语国家社会文化之美国经济-US-economyppt课件
Limited liability
It is a concept that the value of a person's investment in a company or partnership with limited liability.
If a company with limited liability is sued, then the plaintiffs(原告) are suing the company, not its owners or investors. A shareholder(股东) in a limited company is not personally liable for any of the debts of the company, other than for the value of their investment in that company. usually that person‘s dividends(股息) in the company being zero, since the company has no profits to allocate.
Adam Smith was a Scottish social philosopher and a
pioneer of political economy. The Wealth of Nations, is considered
as the first modern work of economics. Smith is widely cited as the father of
.
Five Major Developments
1. Introduction of the factory system the first factory in U.S., 1793 by Samuel Slater ◦Cotton cloth factory ◦The Northeastern region: the manufacturing center ◦The Southern region: cotton plant base ◦The result: US-a major cotton producer
经济类英语词汇
经济类英语词汇不景气 slump 〔衰退 recession〕二板市场 the second board market中国创业板 China Growth Enterprise Market首次上市 IPOs (initial public offering)市场资本总额 market capitalization法人股 institutional shares部股〔非上市招股〕 private company shares牛市 bull market法律风险 legal risk风险管理 risk management坚持严格的贷款标准 maintain strong underwriting standards六大风险 risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion)信用风险 credit risk供应学派 supply-side economist第一产业〔农业〕 agriculture (primary industry)第二产业〔工业〕 manufacturing industry (secondary industry)第三产业〔效劳业〕 service industry (tertiary industry)主要经济指标 major economic indicators国生产总值 GDP gross domestic product 〔商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出〕国民生产总值 GNP gross national product〔商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出〕人均国生产总值 GDP per capita宏观经济 macro economy互助基金 mutual fund扩大需 expand domestic demand改善居民心理预期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs鼓励增加即期消费 encourage more immediate consumption长期国债 long-term treasury bonds支付国债利息 to service treasury bonds财政赤字和债务 deficits and the national debt按原口径计算 calculate on the base line按不变价格计算 calculate at constant price按可比价格计算 calculate at comparable price列入财政预算支出 listed in the fiscal budget结售汇制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales经常项目顺差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account开办人民币业务 engage in Renminbi (RMB) business出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods保证金台帐制度 Deposit account system for processing trade分期付款 pay by installment保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings抵押贷款 collateralised loans住房抵押贷款 residential mortgage loan货币主义者 monetarist计划经济 planned economy指令性计划 mandatory plan技术密集型 technology intensive大规模生产 mass production经济林 cash tree跟踪审计 follow-up auditing流动性风险 liquidity risk操作风险 operational risk部审计 internal audit抛售 bear sales配套政策 supporting policies中国人民银行〔中央银行〕The People’s Bank of China〔central bank〕四大国有商业银行 4 major state-owned commercial banks中国银行 Bank of china中国工商银行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China〔〕and中国建立银行 Construction Bank of China中国农业银行 Agricultural Bank of China招商银行 China Merchants Bank疲软股票 soft stock配股 allotment of shares实际增长率 growth rate in real terms年均增长率 average growth rate per annum投资回报率 rate of return on investment外贸进出口总额 total foreign trade value实际利用外资 incoming overseas capital (investment) in place消费价格指数 consumer price index (CPI)零售价格指数 retail price index 〔RPI〕生活费用价格总指数 total price index of living cost生活费用 income available for living expenses扣除物价因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis居民储蓄存款residents’ bank s avings deposit恩格尔系数〔食品开支占总支出的比例〕 Engel coefficient基尼系数〔衡量地区差异〕 Gini coefficient购置力平价法 purchasing power parity (PPP) 〔衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比拟两种货币各自的国购置力〕片面追求开展速度 excessive pursuit of growth泡沫经济 bubble economy 经济过热 overheating of economy通货膨胀 inflation实体经济 the real economy经济规律 laws of economics市场调节 market regulation优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources规模经营优势 advantage of economies of scale劳动密集型 labor intensive市场风险 market risk收紧银根 tighten up monetary policy适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy信用紧缩 credit crunch加强国有商业银行部资金调度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.合理划分贷款审批权限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets启动民间投资 attract investment from the private sector适销对路的产品 the right products / readily marketable products国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)集体企业 collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises私营企业 private businesses民营企业 privately-run businesses中小企业 small-and-medium-sized enterprises三资企业〔中外合资、中外合作、外商独资〕 overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures,Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation吸收游资 absorb idle fund经常性贷款 commercial lending经常性支出 operating expenses再贷款 re-lending; subloan支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.进一步规和开展证券市场 further standardize and develop the securities market增加直接融资比重 increase the proportion of direct financing完善股票发行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets中国证监会 China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)证券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange综合指数 composite index纳斯达克〔高技术企业板〕 NASDAQ 〔National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation主板市场 the main board通货紧缩 deflation中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购置力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.适应市场经济需要的法律法规体系还不够健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应 The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.立足中国国情，发挥自身优势 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play扬长避短，趋利避害，迎接经济全球化的挑战 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization瓶颈制约 bottleneck constraints放权让利 decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s)深化改革intensify reform; deepen one’s commit ment to reform配套改革 supporting (concomitant) reforms配套资金 counterpart funds; local funding of提高经济效益 improve economic performance; increase economic returns讲求社会效益 value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect加速国民经济信息化 develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes债转股 debt-to-equity swap头寸宽裕〔头寸紧缺〕 in an easy position (tight position)产业 sunrise industry招标投标制 the system of public bidding for project充分发挥货币政策的作用 give full play to the role of monetary policy实施积极的财政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy向银行增发国债，扩大投资 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment.再注资 recapitalization放松银根 to ease monetary policy信息经济 IT economy外向型经济 export-oriented economy信息时代 information age全球化 globalization 〔全球性globality〕信誉风险 reputational risk风险评级 risk rating到期不还贷 default on a loan资不抵债 insolvency; be insolvent亚洲金融危机 Asian financial crisis (1997-98)投资〔贷款〕组合 investment (loan) portfolio外汇储藏充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves中国金融业问题 problems with financial sector in China储蓄比例过高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply国有企业产负债率过高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises,国有独资商业银行不良资产比例过高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks少数中小存款金融机构不能支付到期债务 insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions不良贷款 non-performing loans防和化解金融风险 address financial risks提高企业借贷和行使民事责任的能力improve enterprises’ creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities监事会 supervisory board实行慎重会计制度 adopt prudential accounting standards五级分类法划分贷款质量 the five-category asset classification approach金融资产管理公司 financial asset management companies别离和收回不良资产 substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets分业管理、规模经营 business segregation, economy of scale规金融机构市场退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions政策性银行 state policy-related bank国家开展银行 State Development Bank知识经济 knowledge-based economy网络经济 Internet-based networked economy指导性计划 guidance plan社会主义市场经济〔中国〕 socialist market economy社会市场经济〔德国〕 social market economy新经济〔美国〕 new economy中国光大银行 Everbright Bank of China中国民声银行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.实业银行 CITIC Industrial Bank中国进出口银行 China EXIM Bank汇丰银行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC)金融监管 financial supervision中国人民银行法Law of the People’s Bank of China商业银行法 Law of Commercial Banks保险法 Law of Insurance证券法 Law of Securities巴塞尔原那么 Basel Core Principles监管对象的行为有问题、管理机制不健全 problems of superv ised entities’ behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism风险意识 consciousness of risk prevention事前监管 proactive regulation and supervisionaccount number 帐目编号depositor 存户pay-in slip 存款单a deposit form 存款单a banding machine 自动存取机to deposit 存款deposit receipt 存款收据private deposits 私人存款certificate of deposit 存单deposit book, passbook 存折credit card 信用卡principal 本金overdraft, overdraw 透支to counter sign 双签to endorse 背书endorser 背书人to cash 兑现to honor a check 兑付to dishonor a check 拒付to suspend payment 止付check 支票check book 支票本order check 记名支票bearer check 不记名支票crossed check 横线支票blank check 空白支票rubber check 空头支票check stub, counterfoil 票根cash check 现金支票traveler's check 旅行支票check for transfer 转帐支票outstanding check 未付支票canceled check 已付支票forged check 伪支票Bandar's note 庄票，银票banker 银行家president 行长savings bank 储蓄银行Chase Bank 大通银行National City Bank of New York 花旗银行Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行Banque de I'Indo Chine 汇理银行central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行discount bank 贴现银行exchange bank 汇兑银行requesting bank 委托开证银行issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行negotiation bank 议付银行confirming bank 保兑银行paying bank 付款银行associate banker of collection 代收银行consigned banker of collection 委托银行clearing bank 清算银行local bank 本地银行domestic bank 国银行overseas bank 国外银行unincorporated bank 钱庄branch bank 银行分行trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行trust company 信托公司financial trust 金融信托公司unit trust 信托投资公司trust institution 银行的信托部credit department 银行的信用部commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司〔贴现公司〕neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所credit union 合作银行credit bureau 商业兴信所self-service bank 无人银行land bank 土地银行construction bank 建立银行industrial and commercial bank 工商银行bank of communications 交通银行mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行industrial bank 实业银行home loan bank 家宅贷款银行reserve bank 准备银行chartered bank 特许银行corresponding bank 往来银行merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行investment bank 投资银行import and export bank (EXI MBA NK) 进出口银行joint venture bank 合资银行money shop, native bank 钱庄credit cooperatives 信用社clearing house 票据交换所public accounting 公共会计business accounting 商业会计depreciation accounting 折旧会计computerized accounting 电脑化会计general ledger 总帐subsidiary ledger 分户帐cash book 现金出纳帐cash account 现金帐journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐bad debts 坏帐investment 投资surplus 结余idle capital 游资economic cycle 经济周期economic boom 经济繁荣economic recession 经济衰退economic depression 经济萧条economic crisis 经济危机economic recovery 经济复inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货收缩devaluation 货币贬值revaluation 货币增值international balance of payment 国际收支favorable balance 顺差adverse balance 逆差hard currency 硬通货soft currency 软通货international monetary system 国际货币制度the purchasing power of money 货币购置力money in circulation 货币流通量note issue 纸币发行量national budget 国家预算national gross product 国民生产总值public bond 公债stock, share 股票debenture 债券treasury bill 国库券debt chain 债务链direct exchange 直接〔对角〕套汇indirect exchange 间接〔三角〕套汇cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储藏foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机discount 贴现discount rate, bank rate 贴现率gold reserve 黄金储藏money (financial) market 金融市场stock exchange 股票交易所broker 经纪人commission 佣金bookkeeping 簿记bookkeeper 簿记员an application form 申请单bank statement 对帐单letter of credit 信用证strong room, vault 保险库equitable tax system 等价税那么specimen signature 签字式样banking hours, business hours 营业时间share, equity, stock 股票、股权negotiable share 可流通股份treasury /government bond 国库券/政府债券closed-end securities investment fund 封闭式证券投资基金open-end securities investment fund 开放式证券投资基金market capitalization 市值mark-to-market 逐日盯市clearing and settlement 清算/结算put / call option 看跌/看涨期权rights issue/offering 配股ADR(American Depository Receipt)美国存托凭证/存股证GDR(Global Depository Receipt) 全球存托凭证/存股证institutional investor 机构投资者proprietary trading 自营market manipulation 市场操纵IPO(Initial Public Offering)新股初始公开发行securities 证券premium 溢价share capital 股本composite index 综合指数capital market 资本市场liquidity 流通性highly-leveraged institutions(HLI) 高杠杆交易机构subscribe 申购underwriter承销商road show 路演primary market 一级市场information disclosure 信息披露blue chips 蓝筹股gilt-edged bond 金边债券rating agency 评级机构credit trading 信用交易open/close a position 建/平仓bond, debenture, debts 债券convertible bond 可转换债券corporate bond 企业债券fund manager 基金经理/管理公司fund custodian bank 基金托管银行p/e (price/earning) ratio 市盈率payment versus delivery 银券交付commodity/financial derivatives 商品/金融衍生产品margins, collateral 保证金bonus share 红股dividend 红利/股息retail / private investor 个人投资者/散户broker/dealer 券商insider trading/dealing 幕交易prospectus招股说明书merger and acquisition收购兼并warrant 认股权证raised capital/proceeds 筹资component index 成份指数turnover rate 换手率monetary market 货币市场hedge fund 对冲基金self-regulatory organization(SRO)自律组织issuer 发行人intermediary 中介机构secondary listing 第二上市secondary market 二级市场controlling shareholder 控股股东red chips红筹股junk bond 立即债券securities loan 融券financing 融资(编辑：admin)21/ 21。
英语国家概况经济篇
英语国家概况经济篇一.自然资源英国:Compare with many other countries,Britain has considerable reserves of coal.Today British coal mining is called a "sick" industry. Natural gas and oil was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under the North Sea.Britain was the first nation to build a large iron and steel industry.Rich deposits of iron ore were found in central England.As with the coal industry,Britain's steel industry is declining.美国:Fertile soil is one of the most important natural resouces in the United States.America's forest resources are among the world's largest.Another natural resource that contributes to the welfare of the country is water.America is the leaders in production of Coal,iron ore,cpper,oil,sulfur,lead and zine.But short for tin,manganese,and nikel.爱尔兰:Ireland is now the largest producer of lead and zinc concentrates in Europe.While Ireland lacks sizeable oil deposits,it has a valuable energy source inthe peat,or turt,bogs that cover extensive areas of the country.加拿大:Water is one of the most important natural resources in Canada. Almost half of the land area of Canada is covered by forests. Canada ranks third,in the production of lumber and other forest products in theworld.The largest producer of newsprint in the world.Canada is a primary world producer of nickle,zine and asbestoes,and comes second in potash,third in gold and fourth in copper.Canada is a major world supplier of uranium.Experts believe that the cold fields of Canada may be among the largest in the world.A great deposit of petroleum was discovered south of Edmonton in Alberta. About two thurds of Canada's petroleum and about four fifths of its natural gas come from Alberta.澳大利亚:Australia is one of the world's biggest producers of minerals and metals.It has major deposits of bauxite,mineral sands,diamonds,and black and brown coal,and large reserves of ores containinggold,lead,zinc,iron,copper,nikel,manganese and uranium. It is the world largest exporter of coal,and a major exporter of uranium.新西兰:There is an increasingly large share of energy comes from local resources:natural gas,crude oil,hydroelectricity and geothermal steam.Coal is of growing importance.Solar energy,vegetable oils and ethylalcohol from fermentation make small contributions.二.农业英国:The Britain were pioneers in modern agriculture and were among the first to bring science and machinery to farming.The new farming has been called "agribusiness".There are mainly six farming types in Britain.They are arable farning,dairy fariming,stock farming,mixed farming,hill farming and market gardening.Because of the cool climate,apples,pears and plums grwo very well in Britain.The North Sea has very good fishing grounds.美国:Yet the United States grows nearly one fourth of the world's grain and supplies a half of all the exports of grain in the world.It ranks first,second,or third in the production and export of corn, wheat, rice, soybeans, oranges, meat,milk, apples,oats,cotton,tobaoo, peanuts,and edible vegetable oil.(具体的在什么地方种什么东西可以参照书上P289-291)爱尔兰:Agriculture generates anestimated 11% of the IrelandGNP,employs 17% of the labour force and produces 25% of total exports. The most signigicant recent development in Irish agriculture has beenmembership in the European Community.加拿大:The land used for agriculture makes up only 7% in Canada. Canada farms specialize in producing wheat,food crops for animals dairy products,and fruit.Fishing and mining are quite important.The Canada Prairie is the centre of a rich wheat belt.Eastern Canada is noted for a variety of farm products.Dairying is in the lowlands of Quebec and Ontario.Fruits are grown in Western Nova Scotia.澳大利亚:Today,agriculture is the nation's largest and most diverse industry.Australia is one of the world's leading producers of food and natural fibres.Australia is the world's largest exporter of wool,the second largest exporter of meat,the third largest exporter of wheat and a major international supplier of sugar,dairy products,fruits,cotton and rice. Australia's agriculture importance has declined in recent years.新西兰:Vineyards produce international award-winning red and white wines.三.制造业,工业英国:The textile is one of Britain's oldest.Textiles were on of the country's most vauluable exports.Britain became a world leader in shipbuilding during the middle of the19th century.The two main centres for shipbuilding were on the River Tyne near Newcastle,England and on the Clyde near Glasgow in Scotland. The Britain motor industry now dominated by four firms(Ford,the Rover Group,GM-Vauxhall,and Peugeot)There are three areas in Britain which have seen some high-tech industrial growth. Scotland has Europe's largest collection of foreign-owned chip factories.Over 90% of the companies are from the U.S.A.,Japan,the Netherlands and germany.美国:The untied States ranks first,second,third or fourth in the world in the production of crude steel,passenger cars,commercialvehicles,chemicals,radio sets,television sets,and other manufacturing goods.Manufacturing accounts for about one quarter of the GDP,about one quarter of the national income,and over one fifth of the work force.The industrial regions are the Midwest(the nations's leading centre of heavy industry) round the Great Lakes,the Middle Atlantic states,the South,and the Pacific Coast.爱尔兰:Since the 1961s,manufactuing has become the mainstay of the Irish economy.Of industrial employment,66% are employed in manufacting.加拿大:Manufacturing is the mst important economic activity in Canada.Food processing is the leading industry. The manufacture oftransportation equipment ranks second. The production of paper and paper related products ranks third. metal products are also important.澳大利亚:The mining industry in Australia has faced new problems in recent years.Australia's service sector is the fastest-growing sector of industry.It has been growing in importance in recent years.新西兰:There are two steel comanies:New Zealand Steel which uses iron sands from the west coast of North Island,and Pacific Steel which reuses scrap iron.New Zealand is a world leader in the CNA(compressed natural gas) industry.Garments,fabrics and carpets are exported.The fishing industry has expanded greatly and is now the 4th largest export earner.四.对外贸易英国:Britain is the fifth largest trading country in the world.Napoleon called it a "nation of shopkeepers".Britain's foreign trade is mainly with other developed countries.which accounts for 79% of exports and 85% of imports.About half with EC. Traditionally,Britain has had a deficit on visible trade and a surplus on invisible trade.美国:Currenty U.S. exports are about 15% of the world's total.The UnitesStates imports about 13% of all world imports.Canada is the largest single source og goods imported by theU.S.,accounting for nearly 30% of the total. Outside of North America,Europe is the largest source of imports with about 30%,Asia provides about 18%,with smaller percentages from LatinAmerica,Africa,and Australia.爱尔兰:Successive Irish governments have adopted a consistent and postive approoach toward attracting overseas investment.The new foreign firms now account for over 70% of manufactured exports.Ireland is new an industrial exporter.Manufactured goods account for about two-thirds of total wxports.加拿大:A total about four fifths of all foreign investments in Canada are American.澳大利亚:Australia is a middle-level trading nation.The main feature of Australia's trade is that it has always involved the exchange of raw materials for finished products.Australia's trade relations with China have been developing rapidly in recent years. China accouts for about 3% of Australian total exports.新西兰:Trade is New Zealand's linelihood.Foreign investment isincreasing and financial markets are active.Western Europe and particularly Britain have traditionally been New Zealand's major export market.The main imports are industrial raw materials,capital equipment and consumer goods.New Zealand is the world's largest exporter of lamb and mutton as well as dairy products.五.当今面临的问题英国:Britain is the oldest industrial country in the world.The term "Britain disease" is noew often used to characterise Britain's economic decline. The Evolution of the Britain Economy since the War:1.Steady development in the 50s and 60s.2.Economic recession in the70s.3.Economic recovery in the 80s.这里有一部分是撒切尔的宏,微观措施比较重要(P91-92)美国:The Untied States has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector. So the economy system of the United States is principally privately owned.But today,many of American people still live under the poverty line.Unemployment,inflation,finacial deficit,and trade deficit are the troubles that always face the United States.爱尔兰:The value of imports generally exceeds that of exports. That's whyIreland has a chronic negative balance of trade.Continuing dependence on imported oil is one of the reasons for the high import bill.加拿大:In the past few years however,Canada's unemployment rate has been high.But what is worth nothing is that the cost for manufacturing has increased while the productivity per worker has decreased as compared with the United States or with its ten trading partners.While Canada has one of the world's highest standards of living,not all regions of the country have enjoyed the same degree of prosperity. Some measures have been taken by the Federal government to help those slow grownth regions.澳大利亚:Problems of Australia economy:1.Over-reliance on commodity exports.2.Failure to share in the expansion of international trade.3.The decline of manufaturing industries and the effects of tariffs.。
经济用英语怎么说
经济用英语怎么说经济是价值的创造、转化与实现;人类经济活动就是创造、转化、实现价值，满足人类物质文化或精神文化生活需要的活动。
经济可以定义为在有限的边缘范围内，如何获得最大的利益的一种艺术。
有经世济民的含义。
那么你知道经济用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
经济英语说法1：economic经济英语说法2：economy经济的相关短语：经济学人 The Economist ; Economists ; Economist magazine ; Innovation Awards知识经济 knowledge economy ; knowledge-based economy ; Knowledge economics ; Knowledge-based industry经济特区 Special economic zone ; SEC special economic zone ; SEZ ; Special Economic Zones - China市场经济market economy ; Economy of Manufacturing ; market-oriented economy ; Market society经济衰退Recession ; economic recession ; economic depression ; economic decline经济复苏economic recovery ; economic resurgence ; climbout ; revive economy经济制裁economic sanction ; Trade sanction ; Financial sanction ; Sanction经济萧条economic depression ; economic recession ; depression ; recession经济作物Cash crop ; Commodity crop ; Commercial crop ; Money crop经济的英语例句：1. The economy remains deep in recession with few signs ofa pick-up.经济仍深陷衰退之中，几乎没有好转的迹象。
GREAT DEPRESSION(美国1920年的经济危机)
By 1914, most developed countries had adopted the gold standard with a fixed exchange rate between the national currency and gold—and therefore between national currencies. In World War I, European nations went off the gold standard to print money, and the resulting price inflation drove large amounts of the world’s gold to banks in the United States. The United States remained on the gold standard without altering the gold value of the dollar. Investors and others who held gold sent their gold to the United States, where gold maintained its value as a safe and sound investment. At the end of World War I, a few countries, most notably the United States, continued on the gold standard while others temporarily adopted floating exchange rates. The world’s international finance center had shifted from London to New York City, and the British were anxious to regain their old status. Some countries pledged to return to the gold standard with devalued currencies, while others followed the British lead and aimed to return to gold at prewar exchange rates.
经济方面的英语词汇
经济方面的英语词汇次贷危机：subprime mortgage crisis (SMC)地产泡沫： real estate bubble -- 相关：泡沫经济： bubble economy经济衰退或萧条： economic recession/ economic declining / economic depression经济复苏：economic recovery全球金融危机：Global financial crisis / financial turmoil / meltdown利率：interest rate可调整利率：adjustable rate固定利率：fixed rate汇率：exchange rate货币升值：appreciation货币贬值：depreciation货币发行：note issue货币流通：circulation抛售美国债：short-selling US treasury bonds外汇储备：foreign currency reserve 黄金储备： gold reserve顺差: favourable balance / surplus逆差: adverse balance / deficit房贷： home-loan 投机者： speculator 抛售房产： flip one's house信用危机：credit risk / 信用不足： poor credit不良贷款：non-performing loan / Bad loan救市资金：bailout（居2008美国热词排行榜首位）宏观经济：macroeconomic财政刺激：fiscal stimulus跨国公司：global corporation申请破产：file for bankruptcy收购：take over股市大跌：crash/nosedive/plummet裁员：ax jobs (大刀阔斧的砍) lay off / cut jobs / 口语委婉可以说 I'm between jobs. 失业率：unemployment rate刺激消费：to stimulate consumption扩大内需：to expand domestic demands美联储：Federal Reserve贸易保护主义、贸易壁垒：trade protectionism; trade barrier。
美国经济 英语作文
The United States has one of the largest and most influential economies in the world. Here are some key points to consider when writing an essay on the U.S.economy:1.Economic Size and Growth:Begin by discussing the sheer size of the U.S.economy, which is often measured by its Gross Domestic Product GDP.Highlight how the U.S.has maintained a position as one of the top economies globally,with significant contributions to global GDP growth.2.Capitalism and Free Markets:The U.S.economy is fundamentally based on capitalism, where the private sector drives production and investment.Discuss the role of free markets in fostering innovation and competition,which are key to the countrys economic strength.3.Innovation and Technology:The United States is a leader in technological innovation, with Silicon Valley being a global hub for startups and tech giants.Discuss how technological advancements have propelled economic growth and created new industries.bor Market:The bor market is characterized by a high degree of mobility and flexibility.Talk about the importance of the labor force in driving economic productivity and the role of education and skill development in maintaining a competitive workforce.5.Consumer Spending:As a consumerdriven economy,the U.S.relies heavily on consumer spending to fuel its economic growth.Discuss the impact of consumer confidence on the economy and how it influences business cycles.6.Trade and Globalization:The U.S.is deeply integrated into the global economy through trade.Discuss the role of international trade in shaping the U.S.economy, including the benefits and challenges of globalization.7.Regulation and Policy:Government policies and regulations play a crucial role in shaping the U.S.economy.Discuss the balance between government intervention and deregulation,and how these policies affect economic stability and growth.8.Monetary Policy:The Federal Reserve,the central bank of the United States,has significant influence over the economy through monetary policy.Explain how interest rates and other monetary tools are used to control inflation and promote economic stability.9.Fiscal Policy:Discuss the role of government spending and taxation in the U.S. economy.Highlight how fiscal policy can be used to stimulate growth during recessionsor to reduce inflation during periods of high economic activity.10.Challenges and Future Outlook:Address the challenges the U.S.economy faces,such as income inequality,the national debt,and the impact of automation on jobs.Discuss potential strategies for addressing these issues and the longterm outlook for the economy.11.Sectoral Contributions:The U.S.economy is diverse,with significant contributions from various sectors such as manufacturing,services,agriculture,and energy.Discuss the role of these sectors in the overall economy and any shifts in their importance over time.12.Economic Indicators:Use economic indicators such as GDP growth rate, unemployment rate,inflation rate,and the stock market to illustrate the health of the U.S. economy.When writing your essay,ensure that you provide a balanced view,including both the strengths and weaknesses of the e data and examples to support your arguments and predictions.。
英语国家概况(美国经济)ppt课件
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
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1. The Colonial Period
❖Massachusetts—settled by Pilgrims to escape religious persecution
❖Other colonies—like Virginia and Pennsylvania, founded as business ventures
▪ producing a major portion of the world’s machinery, automobiles, oil, electrical energy, and chemicals.
❖Mixed economy
▪ emphasizing private ownership ▪ federal government—regulating businesses
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
9
1. The Colonial Period
❖English investors turned over colonial charters to the settlers.
▪ enormous political implications
• anti-trust laws
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
5
Ⅰ General Introduction
❖Private businesses produce most goods and services.
▪ Two thirds of the output goes to individuals; ▪ One third is bought by government and business.
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1.On April 19, British troops were sent to Lexington and Concord to disarm the American militiamen. 2.The first shot in the American War of Independence.
1.It was Held in Philadelphia in May 1775 2.Assume the functions of a national government 3Founding Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington.
Printing paper money and opening diplomatic relations with foreign powers. George Washington, a wealthy Virginia planter, was respected as a man of ability and integrity.
Once a colonel in the French and Indian War; One of the few Americans with considerable military experience; Led the continental army to the victory of the Independence War.
(1)It is an economic and technological giant. (2)It ranks first in such fields in such fields as computers technology , space technology , nuclear energy and electronics.
A meeting of colonial leaders who opposed British oppression was held in Philadelphia. They urged Americans to disobey The Intolerable Acts and to boycott (抵制) British trade. At the same time, the colonists began to defend themselves.
three parts
America in the colonial Era
History of American Economy
The War of independence
Байду номын сангаас
The Civil war
——We can appreciate a video
1. The reason to flee from England is to avoid the religious persecution. 2. They Landed in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.
(1)Businesses are directly or indirectly owned and operated by private individuals. (2)The federal government is involved in the system by regulating businesses in certain ways.
1.The Declaration of Independence was draft by Thomas Jefferson. 2.On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed.
1. It dragged on for seven years. 2. Obstacles for the continent 3.l army: 4.No enough supplies. 5.Tired and hungry, while British troops fresh and well-equipped. 6. By the middle of December, 1776, the Revolution seemed lost.
On Feb 4,1861, Abraham Lincoln took office.( a young man & lawyer in Illinois，began his political career by serving four terms in the state legislature and then one term in the House of Representatives ，He insisted slavery was evil and should be restricted and ultimately abolished ) Challenges Abraham Lincoln faced: 1.priority—keeping the United States one country 2.11 southern states seceded from Federal Union proclaimed an independent nation 3. issued the Emancipation Proclamation (解放宣言), granting freedom to all slaves. 4. On April 14, Lincoln was assassinated by actor John Wilkes Booth. 5. Influence of the Civil War
American Economy
PPT制作： PPT主讲：
Contents 目录
1 Share a video 2 General introduction 3 History of American Economy 4 Current American Economy
Now, we'd like to share a video for you.
1. In 1773, patriots staged the “Boston Tea Party” in response to the tea tax. 2. They boarded British merchant ships and tossed 342 crates of tea into Boston harbor. 3. British Parliament then passed The Intolerable Acts: