高级法律英语翻译复习
法律英语词汇大全 完美打印版
法律翻译常用词汇注释AAbinitio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void abinitio”。
Accordaccord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction 和解与清偿等。
Accused被告 Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。
Acquireacquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。
在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal是名词。
Actact在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。
如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。
法律英语翻译常用专业词汇
这里汇聚了法律专业的大部分英语词汇和详细解说，如果要查询相关词汇，你可以点此word文档工具栏的“编辑”，找到“查找”，然后点开输入你要查询的词汇就可以查询了。
律师部分:案件受理费 court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂 important and complicated case案由 cause of action案子 case包揽诉讼 monopolize lawsuits被告 defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件)被上诉人 appellee被诉人 respondent; defendant本案律师 counsel prohac vice本地律师 local counsel毕业证 diploma; graduation certificate辩护词 defense; pleadings辩护律师 defense lawyer辩护要点 point of defense辩护意见 submission财产租赁 property tenancy裁定书 order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）裁决书 award（用于仲裁）裁决书 verdict（用于陪审团）采信的证据 admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议 drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests查阅法条 source legal provisions产权转让 conveyancing出差 go on errand; go on a business trip出国深造 further study abroad出具律师意见书 providing legal opinion出示的证据 exhibit出庭 appear in court传票 summons; subpoena答辩状 answer; reply代理词 representation代理房地产买卖与转让 agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记 agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations代理仲裁 agency for arbitration代写文书 drafting of legal instruments待决案件 pending case当事人陈述 statement of the parties第三人 third party吊销执业证 revocation of lawyer license调查笔录 investigative record调查取证 investigation and gathering for evidence 调解 mediation调解书 mediation二审案件 case of trial of second instance发送电子邮件 send e-mail法律顾问 legal consultants法律意见书 legal opinions法律援助 legal aid法律咨询 legal counseling法庭 division; tribunal法学博士学位 LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学会 law society法学课程 legal courses法学硕士学位 LL.M (Master of Laws)法学系 faculty of law; department of law法学学士学位 LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)J.D ( juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士)法学院 law school法院公告 court announcement反诉状 counterclaim房地产律师 real estate lawyer; real property lawyer 非合伙律师 associate lawyer非诉讼业务 non-litigation practice高级合伙人 senior partner高级律师 senior lawyer各类协议和合同 agreements and contracts公安局 Public Security Bureau公司上市 company listing公诉案件 public-prosecuting case公证书 notarial certificate国办律师事务所 state-run law office国际贸易 international trade国际诉讼 international litigation国内诉讼 domestic litigation合伙律师 partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所 law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice 合同审查、草拟、修改 contract review, drafting and revision会见当事人 interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人 interview a criminal suspect兼职律师 part-time lawyer监狱 prison; jail鉴定结论 expert conclusion缴纳会费 membership dues举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi决定书 decision勘验笔录 record of request看守所 detention house抗诉书 protest控告人 accuser; complainant跨国诉讼 transnational litigation劳动争议 labor disputes劳动争议仲裁委员会 arbitration committee for labor disputes劳改场 reform-through-labor farm; prison farm利害关系人 interested party; party in interest律管处处长 director of lawyer control department律师 lawyer attorney; attorney at law律师惩戒 lawyer discipline律师法 Lawyer Law律师费 lawyer fee律师函lawyer’s letter律师见证 lawyer attestation/authentication律师见证书 lawyer certification/authentication/witness律师卷宗lawyer’s docile; file律师刊物lawyer’s journal律师联系电话 contact phone number of a lawyer律师事务所 law office; law firm律师收费 billing by lawyer律师网站 lawyer website律师协会 National Bar (Lawyer) Association律师协会会员 member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长 secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会章程 Articles of Lawyer Assocition律师业务室lawyer’s office律师执业证 lawyer license律师助理 assistant lawyer律师资格考试 bar exam; lawyer qualification exam律师资格证 lawyer qualification certificate民事案件 civil case民事调解 civil mediation民事诉讼 civil litigation派出所 local police station; police substation判决 judgement(用于民事、行政案件);determination(用于终审);sentence(用于刑事案);verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证 circumstantial evidence企业章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 企业重组 corporate restructure起诉状 information; indictment取消律师资格 disbar全国律师代表大会 National Lawyer Congress缺席宣判 pronounce judgement or determination by default人民法院People’s Court人民检察院People’s Procuratorate认定事实 determine facts上诉案件 case of trial of second instance; appellate case上诉人 appellant上诉状 petition for appeal涉外律师 lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters 申请复议 administrative reconsideration petition申请加入律师协会 application for admission to Law Association 申请人 petitioner; claimant申诉案件 appeal case申诉人（仲裁） claimant; plaintiff申诉书 appeal for revision, petition for revision实习律师 apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period实习律师证 certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据 audio-visual reference material适用法律 apply law to facts受害人 victim书证 documentary evidence司法部 Ministry of Justice司法建议书 judicial advise司法局 Judicial Bureau司法局副局长 deputy director of Judicial Bureau司法局局长 director of Judicial Bureau司法统一考试 uniform judicial exam送达 service of process诉讼 litigation; action; lawsuit诉讼当事人 litigation party; litigious party诉讼业务 litigation practice诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim 推销法律服务 promote/market legal service外国律师事务所 foreign law office委托代理合同 authorized representation contract委托代理人 agent ad litem; entrusted agent委托授权书 power of attorney物证 material evidence嫌疑人 criminal suspect项目融资 project financing项目谈判 project negotiating刑事案件 criminal case刑事诉讼 criminal litigation行政诉讼 administrative litigation休庭 adjourn the court; recess宣判 pronounce judgement; determination宣誓书 affidavit业务进修 attendance in advanced studies一审案件 case of trial of first instance与国外律师事务所交流 communicate with foreign law firms原告 plaintiff证券律师 securities lawyer证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit执行笔录 execution record执业登记 registration for practice执业范围 scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area 执业申请 practice application执业证年检 annual inspection of lawyer license仲裁 arbitration仲裁案件 arbitration case仲裁机构 arbitration agency专门律师 specialized lawyer专职律师 professional lawyer; full-time lawyer撰写法律文章 write legal thesis资信调查 credit standing investigation自诉案件 private prosecuting case二、诉讼法律案件 case案件发回 remand/rimit a case (to a low court)案件名称 title of a case案卷材料 materials in the case案情陈述书 statement of case案外人 person other than involved in the case案值 total value involved in the case败诉方 losing party办案人员 personnel handling a case保全措施申请书 application for protective measures报案 report a case (to security authorities)被告 defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述 final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩 rejoinder被害人 victim被害人的诉讼代理人victim’s agent ad litem被上诉人 respondent; the appellee被申请人 respondent被申请执行人 party against whom execution is filed被执行人 person subject to enforcement本诉 principal action必要共同诉讼人 party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖 jurisdiction by accord辩护 defense辩护律师 defense attorney/lawyer辩护人 defender辩护证据 exculpatory evidence; defense evidence辩论阶段 stage of court debate驳回反诉 dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求 deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判 reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling 驳回诉讼 dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书 notice of dismissal驳回自诉 dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书 ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩 supplementary answer补充判决 supplementary judgement补充侦查 supplementary investigation不公开审理 trial in camera不立案决定书 written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书 written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉 nol pros不予受理起诉通知书 notice of dismissal of accusation by the court财产保全申请书 application for attachment; application for property preservation裁定 order; determination (指最终裁定)裁定管辖 jurisdiction by order裁定书 order; ruling裁决书 award采信的证据 admitted evidence查封 seal up撤回上诉 withdraw appeal撤诉 withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案 revoke a case placed on file撤销原判，发回重审 rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的证据 exhibit除权判决 invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)传唤 summon; call传闻证据 hearsay答辩 answer; reply答辩陈述书 statement of defence答辩状 answer; reply大法官 associate justices; justice大检察官 deputy chief procurator代理控告 agency for accusation代理申诉 agency for appeal代理审判员 acting judge代为申请取保候审 agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼 accusatory procedure当事人陈述 statement of the parties当庭宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖 territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院 inter-mediate People’s Procuratorate第三人 third party调查笔录 record of investigation定期宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据 incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结 freeze督促程序 procedure of supervision and urge独任庭 sole-judge bench独任仲裁员 sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施 compulsory measures against impairment of civil action对席判决 judgement inter parties二审 trial of second instance二审案件 case of trial of second insurance罚款 impose a fine法定证据 statutory legal evidence法定证据制度 system of legal evidence法官 judges法警 bailiff; court police法律文书 legal instruments/papers法律援助 legal aid法律咨询 legal consulting法庭辩论 court debate法庭调查 court investigation法庭审理笔录 court record法庭审理方式 mode of court trial法庭庭长 chief judge of a tribunal法院 court法院公告 court announcement反诉 counterclaim反诉答辩状 answer with counterclaim反诉状 counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人 criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告 defendant of collateral civil action复查 reexamination; recheck复验 reinspect高级法官 senior judge高级检察官 senior procurator高级人民法院 Higher People’s Court告诉案件 case of complaint告诉才处理的案件 case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭 complaint and petition division工读学校 work-study school for delinquent children公安部 Ministry of Public Security公安分局 public security sub-bureau公安厅 public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government公开审理 trial in public公开审判制度 open trial system公示催告程序 procedure of public summons for exhortation公诉案件 public-prosecuting case公诉词 statement of public prosecution公证机关 public notary office共同管辖 concurrent jurisdiction管辖 jurisdiction国际司法协助 international judicial assistance海事法院 maritime court合议庭 collegial panel合议庭评议笔录 record of deliberating by the collegiate bench和解 composition; compromise核对诉讼当事人身份 check identity of litigious parties恢复执行 resumption of execution回避 withdrawal混合式诉讼 mixed action基层人民法院basic People’s Court羁押期限 term in custody级别管辖 subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels 监视居住 living at home under surveillance监狱 prison检察官 procurator检察权 prosecutorial power检察委员会 procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院 procuratorate检察院派出机构 outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序 summary procedure鉴定结论 expert conclusion经济审判庭 economic tribunal径行判决 direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice 纠问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings拘传 summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所 detention house举报 information/report of an offence举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi决定书 decision军事法院 military procuratorate开庭审理 open a court session开庭通知 notice of court session勘验笔录 record of inquest看守所 detention house可执行财产 executable property控告式诉讼 accusatory proceedings控诉证据 incriminating evidence控诉职能 accusation function扣押 distrain on; attachment扣押物 distress/distraint宽限期 period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书 petition for labor dispute arbitration劳改场 reform-through-labor farm劳教所 reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序 procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence 累积证据 cumulative evidence立案报告 place a case on file立案管辖 functional jurisdiction立案决定书 written decision of case-filing立案侦查 report of placing a case on file利害关系人 interested party临时裁决书 interim award律师见证书lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication律师事务所 law office; law firm律师提前介入 prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分 exemption from criminal penalty民事案件 civil case民事审判庭 civil tribunal民事诉讼 civil action民事诉讼法 Civil Procedural Law扭送 seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭 detached tribunal派出所 police station判决 judgement; determination判决书 judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)旁证 circumstantial evidence陪审员 juror批准逮捕 approval of arrest破案 clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产 bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序 general/ordinary procedure普通管辖 general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序 procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation 起诉 filing of a lawsuit起诉 sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状 indictment; information区县检察院grassroots People’s Procuratorate取保候审 the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决 default judgement人民调解委员会People’s Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件 cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉 appeal上诉人 appellant上诉状 petition for appeal少管所 juvenile prison社会治安综合治理 comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件 cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼 foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼 foreign criminal proceedings申请人 applicant; petitioner申请书 petition; application for arbitration申请执行人 execution applicant申诉人宣誓书claimant’s affidavit of authenticity申诉书 appeal for revision; petition for revision神示证据制度 system of divinity evidence神示制度 ordeal system审查案件 case review审查并决定逮捕 examine and decide arrest审查起诉阶段 stage of review and prosecution审理通知书 notice of hearing审判长 presiding judge审判长宣布开庭 presiding judge announce court in session 审判管辖 adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序 procedure for trial supervision审判委员会 judicial committee审判员 judge审问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定 legally effective judgement/order胜诉方 winning party省市自治区检察院higher People’s Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告 declaration of disappearance and death实（质）体证据 substantial evidence实物证据 tangible evidence实在证据 real evidence示意证据 demonstrative evidence视听证据 audio-visual evidence收容所 collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官 chief justice首席检察官 chief procurator受害人的近亲属victim’s immediate family受理 acceptance受理刑事案件审批表 registration form of acceptance of criminal case 受送达人 the addressee书记员 court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律 court clerk reads court rules书证 documentary evidence司法部 Ministry of Justice司法机关 judicial organizatons司法警察 judicial police司法局 judicial bureau司法厅 judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government司法协助 judicial assistance死缓的复核 judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序 procedure for judicial review of death sentence死刑复核权 competence for judicial review of death sentence送达 service of process送达传票 service of summons/subpoena送达诉状 service of bill of complaint搜查 search诉 sue; suit; action; lawsuit诉前财产保全 property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼 litigation; lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全 attachment诉讼参加人 litigious participants诉讼代理人 agent ad litem诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim特别程序 special procedures提起公诉 institute a public prosecution铁路法院 railway court铁路检察院 railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序 procedure of court trial通缉 wanted for arrest投案 appearance退回补充侦查 return of a case for supplementary investigation 委托辩护 entrusted defense未成年人法庭 juvenile court无行政职务的法官 associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭 refuse to appear in court without due cause 无罪判决acquittal, finding of “ not guilty ”物证 material evidence先予执行申请书 application for advanced execution先予执行 advanced execution刑事案件 criminal case刑事拘留 criminal detention刑事强制拘留 criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭 criminal tribunal刑事诉讼 criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法 Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状 self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件 administrative case行政审判庭 administrative tribunal行政诉讼 administrative proceedings行政诉讼法 Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件 cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death。
高级法学英语课文翻译
Unit 1 Section A1。
在法学家的眼中，合同只是包含双方当事人意思一致的条款.合同经常被用于达成许诺的表示，法律会予以执行或至少会以某种方式加以确认。
英国法将合同定义为随着要约和承诺出现的一种协议。
一方当事人做出要约，另一方当事人接受要约.当这些发生的时候（提供其他必要的因素,即约因和订立合同的意向存在)，合同也就形成了。
2.在对合同定义的探讨中一些法学家认为承诺或者协议都不能完整的描述合同的定义。
法学家们声称《美国合同法重述》忽略了契约的本质，即等价交换是合同的本质。
没有迹象表明合同应该是双方的事务，一方承诺为某些事情，另一方承诺给予相应的报酬。
因此说合同是一个承诺就忽略了一个事实，即在承诺成为一个合同之前,通常有一些行为或承诺是为了其他承诺做出的。
甚至说，合同是由没有迹象表明它们是作为对其他承诺回报的一系列承诺构成的。
但是如果认为所有的合同都是一方提供商品，一方给予对等的价值交换的真诚契约，这种想法是错误的.3.每一个承诺都是一种协议,由多个承诺构成的每个人的对价也是一种协议。
协议意味着两个或两个以上的人对同样的事情上达成一致的意思表示。
它可能会产生法律义务，也可能不会产生法律义务，在这个层面上，并不是所有的协议在法律上都是可执行的.4.这些学者还是对这些定义持不同观点，他们认为依据合同承诺或契约所作解释的先决条件是当事人业已达成协议或承诺之后构成了合同关系。
事实上，情况并非总是如此.人们有时候进行交易并不是基于先前的承诺或协议。
典型例子就是同时发生的买卖交易.在商场里买东西然后为所买物品支付相应对价。
5。
毫无疑问这些都是合法的合同，但是却被人看作是由协议或承诺产生的合同。
在这种情况下坚持认为在交换金钱和物品前要有先协议或一系列承诺存在意味着双方当事人有时间受法律约束去履行他们的承诺或协议.但情况不一定就是这样.还必须认识到这也可能是很好的主张,即就法律意图而言，在买卖进行之前就有隐含的协议存在。
法律英语ppt复习总结
Chapter oneTo be enforceable ,a contract must have:petent parties 有能力的当事人2.Legal subject matter 合法标的3.Legal consideration 合法对价4.Mutuality of agreement 合意5.Mutuality of obligation 互负义务Enforceable contract=offer+acceptance+consideration+intentOffer=intent+identified offeree+clear and definite terms+specific durationIntent=reasonable person+objective standardThe reception rule 到达主义The postal acceptance rule(mailbox rule)发出主义Detrimental reliance 不利益的信赖；致人损害的信赖由于一方当事人对他人的行为或陈述产生信赖，从而导致自己处于不利地位的，则该种信赖即属不利益的信赖。
不利益的信赖可以替代合同的对价，使某一单方的允诺成为可强制执行的合同。
Some criteria of irremediable damages一些不可弥补损害的标准1.monetary damages will not sufficiently reimburse the nonbreaching party 金钱赔偿不足以补偿未违约方2.The contract was for personal services unobtainable elsewhere这是一份别处无法获得的个人服务合同3.The property/service is rare or unique财产或者服务是罕见的或者唯一的4.The balance of the hardship to both parties has been considered双方都考虑到履约和损失的平衡性Additional terms in acceptance or affirmation1.a definite and seasonable expression of acceptance or a written confirmation which is sent within a reasonable time operates as an acceptance even though it states terms additional to or different from those offered or agreed upon ,unless acceptance is expressly made conditional on assent to the additional or different terms.一个明确和合理的承诺的表达或者书面的确认书在合理的时间内作为承诺发出，即使它表述额外的条款或者不同于要约或者所商定的，除非承诺是明确附加了条件对于那些附加条款或者不同条款。
法律英语翻译练习与答案完整版
法律英语翻译练习与答案HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】练习1：外国合营者如果有意以落后的技术和设备进行欺骗，造成损失的，应赔偿损失。
If the foreign joint venturer causes any losses by deception through the intentional use of backward technology and equipment, it shall pay c o m p e n s a t i o n f o r t h e l o s s e s.修改提示：单复数考虑不周；用语不够简洁。
答案（修改要点）：causes any losses →causes any loss(es) 造成一项或多项损失时都应当赔偿，不能仅用复数形式。
pay compensation for the losses →pay compensation therefor(therefor=for that/them)练习2：人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关办理刑事案件，应当分工负责，互相配合，互相制约，以保证准确有效地执行法律。
原译文：The people’s courts, people’s procuratorates and public security organs shall, in handling criminal cases, divide their functions, each taking responsibility for its own work, and they shall co-ordinate their efforts and check each other to ensure correct and effective enforcement of law.修改提示：“分工负责”，应理解为：侧重点在“负责”，而非“分工”，即分工过程中各负其责；respective 比own 更为妥当、准确；原来的译文中，and theyshall …比较啰嗦，更严重的问题是，使to ensure …割断了与divide their functions 的联系。
高教指定教材《法律英语》译文
高教指定教材《法律英语》译文第一部分特点与特点美国既是一个专门新的国家也是一个专门老的国家。
与许多别的国家相比它是一个新的国家。
同时，它还因新人口成分和新州的加入而连续更新，在此意义上，它也是新国家。
然而在其它的意义上它是老国家。
它是最老的“新”国家——第一个由旧大陆殖民地脱胎而出的国家。
它拥有最古老的成文宪法、最古老的连续的联邦体制以及最古老的民族自治实践。
美国的年轻（性）有一个专门有意思的特点确实是它的历史肇始于印刷机发明之后。
因此它的整个历史都得以记录下来：确实能够专门有把握地说，任何其它国家都没有像美国如此全面的历史记录，因为像在意大利、法国或者英国过去的传奇中湮没的那样的事件在美国都成了有文字记载的历史之一部分。
而且其记录不仅全面，还专门浩繁。
不仅包括那个国家自1776年以来的殖民时期的记录，还有当前五十个州以及各州和联邦（nation）之间错综复杂的关系网络的历史记录。
因此，据一个专门简单的例子，美国最高法院判例汇编有大约350卷，而一些州的判例汇编也几乎有同样多的卷数：想研究美国法律史的读者要面对的是超过5000巨卷的司法案例。
我们不能说一个文件或几个文件就能揭示出一国人民或其政府的特性。
但假如横跨一百多年的千百万个文件敲出始终如一的音调，我们就有理由说这确实是其主调。
当千百万个文件都以同样的方式去解决同样的中心问题，我们就有理由从中得出能够被称为国民特定的确定结论。
第二部分一般法和衡平法同英国一样，美国法律制度从方法论上来说要紧是一种判例法制度。
许多私法领域仍旧要紧是由判例法构成，广泛而不断增长的制定法一直受制于有约束力的（说明制定法的）判例法。
因此，判例法方法的知识以及使用判例法的技巧关于明白得美国法律和法律方法是极其重要的。
从历史的角度来看，一般法确实是由英国皇家法院的巡回法官的判决所得出的一般的一样法——优于地点法。
采纳或执行某项诉讼要求是以存在法院令状这种专门形式的诉为前提的，而这就使最初的一般法表现为由类似于古罗马法的“诉”所构成的体系。
法律英语复习(一)-最新范文
法律英语复习（一）短语：cause of action 案由 at hand 近在手边,手头（的）civil law 大陆法 common law 普通法give rise to 引起provide for 规定compensate （sb.） for 补偿（某人的）… be entitled to 有权…,有资格…be entitled to 有权……,有资格……单词：Coercive 强迫的,强制的 enforcement 实施,强制执行 norm 标准,规范Entity 实体 legislative 立法的,立法机构创立的judicial 司法的adherence 遵守 procedure 程序 lawsuit 诉讼,案件 appeal 上诉breach 违反 constitution 宪法的 tort 侵权litigation 诉讼compensate 补偿 adjudicate 判决 statute 成文法,法条 precedent 先例,判例1、法律是一组规则,违反这些规则将引起案由,可在法院起诉。
Law is a set of rules. Violation of these rules may give rise to a cause of action in a court.2、一种流行的观点认为法律不仅仅是一组规则,而且还是为使人们遵守规则而采取的行动。
One popular view of law holds that law is not only a set of rules, but also actions for the purpose of adherence to these rules.3、不管怎样界定法律,法律离不开一个强制性机构,这个机构通过强制人们遵守社会规范而保持控制。
No matter how law is defined, it is dependent on a coercive apparatus which maintains control through enforcement of social norms.4、有时法律被划分为实体法和程序法。
法律英语学习(英汉对照)
1. The National People’s Congress is the highest organ of state power. 全国人民代表大会是最高国家权力机关。
2. The judicial organs of China consist of people’s courts，people’s procurator and the public security departments. 我国的司法机关由人民法院人民检查院和公安部门组成。
3. In the application of the law all citizens are deemed as equals. 一切公民在适用法律上一律平等。
4. The criminal law is one of the basic laws of our country. 刑法是我国基本法之一。
5. Criminal responsibility shall be borne for intentional crimes. 故意犯罪应当负刑事责任6. In China，the principal penalties are p ublic surveillance，detention，fixed-time imprisonment，life imprisonment and death. 我国的主要刑罚是管制，拘役，有期徒刑，无期徒刑和死刑7. The court’s job is administering justice and upholding the law. 法院的任务是执行法律和维护法律。
8. The accused was declared innocent. 被告人被宣布为无罪。
9. The court acquitted him of a crime. 法院宣判他无罪。
10. The court pronounced the accused not guilty. 法院宣判被告无罪。
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BFSU-LAW
6
鉴于条款
For the purpose of this Law, "force majeure" means unforeseeable, unavoidable and insurmountable objective conditions.
本法所称的…是指
正文（续）
In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires, “state” means a territory or group of territories having its
with the Law on Sino-foreign Equity Joint Ventures is a legal person in the PRC,
which shall be governed and protected by PRC law.
法言法语
Including without limitation Including but not limited to (包括不限于）
Compensation/Indemnification/ Damages
A. Traditionally, the difference between indemnity and compensation begins with the illegality.
B.As a basic system of civil liability, the punitive damages has been applied in common law system countries, especially in the United States.
…is language typically found in contracts. It enables the contract writer to make claims later without having given all details of their description at the time the agreement was made.
BFSU-A person who willfully makes any false statement in answer to a notice under subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable to a fine of …
禁止向其雇员或关联公司透露保密信息 （唯限于为实现本合同目的而做的必要的， 合理的透露除外）
To the extent
only to the extent that such disclosure is reasonably necessary for the purposes of this Contract
向其雇员或关联公司透露保密信息仅限于 为实现本合同目的而做的必要的，合理的 透露。
own law of nationality ( Law of Hong Kong)
除文意另有所指外…
Unless …otherwise requires
provides
均译成“除…另有…外”
正文 （续）
Any person who by threats, persuasion or otherwise induces a witness or a party not to give evidence in any hearing before the Board commits an offence.
Agreement to be entered into between an affiliate of Party B and the CJV on or about the date hereof substantially in the form
attached hereto shall be used by the CJV and its personnel solely for the CJV’s account.
（任何人）凡在回应根据第（1）款发出的 通知书时故意做出虚假陈述，即属犯罪， 可处以罚款…
BFSU-LAW
3
法律英语翻译的原则（续）
Where 引导的条件状语从句 Where the exclusive right of an agricultural chemical product proves invalid or becomes invalid in the country where the applicant resides, the administrative protection shall cease before the expiration of its duration.
任何人籍恐吓、怂恿或以其他手段诱使证人或一方当事 人不在仲裁处聆讯中作证，即属犯罪。
or otherwise 译为：以其他方式或手段 = by other means
中外合资经营企业法
“依照…批准…设立的” The Sino-foreign equity joint venture
(hereinafter referred to as “Joint Venture”) established within the territory of the PRC upon approval in accordance
BFSU-LAW
5
法律翻译的特殊要求（续）
精准译法--上下文系统分析法 1. about
All proprietary Information disclosed by either Party or its affiliates to the CJV in accordance with the provisions of this Contract and the Technology License Agreement and/or the Trademark License
BFSU-LAW
4
法律翻译的特殊要求（续）
Make
None of the Parties shall be entitled to
make or permit or authorize the making of
any press release or other public statement or disclosure concerning this Agreement or any of the transactions contemplated in it, without the prior written consent of the other Parties, save as required by law or other competent authority.
Advanced Legal Translation
高级法律英语翻译（3）
法律英语翻译的原则（续）
语言规范化
有中国特色的中华人民共和国刑法法条翻译 Whoever does _ is to be sentenced to _ years of fixed-term imprisonment/ life imprisonment/ or death. …的，处以..有期徒刑无期徒刑或者死刑。