考研英语长难句:名词性从句-主语从句

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英语长难句结构

英语长难句结构

英语长难句结构长难句通常指的是结构复杂、信息量大、包含多个从句或复杂表达方式的英语句子。

理解长难句需要具备一定的语法知识和分析能力。

以下是一些常见的长难句结构:1. 并列句:由并列连词(如and、or、but等)连接的两个或多个简单句构成。

例如:I like apples and my sister likes oranges.2. 复合句:主句+从句。

从句可以是名词性从句(如宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句)、定语从句或状语从句。

例如:When I was young, I believed that the world was a beautiful place.(时间状语从句+主句)3. 定语从句:修饰名词或代词的从句,用关系代词(who、which、that等)或关系副词(when、where等)引导。

例如:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(定语从句修饰名词“book”)4. 状语从句:修饰动词、形容词或副词的从句,表达时间、条件、原因等。

例如:If you study hard, you will succeed.(条件状语从句)5. 同位语从句:解释或说明名词内容的从句,用that引导。

例如:The news that the team won the game is exciting.(同位语从句解释名词“news”)6. 复杂修饰:一个句子中可能有多个从句或短语修饰同一个名词或动词,需要仔细分析。

例如:The scientist who discovered the cure for the disease was awarded a Nobel Prize.(定语从句修饰名词“scientist”)7. 被动语态:当动作的接受者是句子中的主语时,使用被动语态。

例如:The book was written by a famous author.(被动语态)8. 虚拟语气:表示与实际情况相反的情况或假设。

考研英语长难句笔记

考研英语长难句笔记
都说我如水百变,可是我清澈不变
Iamclaimedchangeablelikewater.Bycontrast,myclaritykeepsconsistent
Doyoustillkeepthatdayinmind?IfailedtopastCET4,andasaresult,Ishedtearsintherainalone. Atthesametime,youcameuptomeandsubsequentlyyoubetmyshoulderandtoldme“thereexistsnodestinationinlife”
P29妒嫉本身就是一种仰望
Beingjealousisakindofworship
有意义就是好好活
Beingmeaningfulproves(is)to(已经有动词)livewell
好好活就是有意义
Livingwellseems(is)todomeaningfulthings
什么是并列句:就是用连词连接俩个句子
Theevidence(thatflowersinthegreenhousefailtoundergostorms)indicates(表明)thatkidsshouldbynomeans(no)bespoiledbytheirseniorcitizens(父母)
长难句分析
能够识别各个名词性从句并把它们通顺的翻译出来
Persistencemustbepointedoutoutstandingly(非常)crucial(重要)
Overfishingisclaimedmorethan(后面加形容词做非常的意思)fearful(严重的)byanincreasingamountofprofessors
三种情况无被动

考研英语长难句:名词性从句-主语从句

考研英语长难句:名词性从句-主语从句

考研英语长难句:名词性从句-主语从句名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Nominal Clauses)。

名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同谓语从句。

主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。

主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。

that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。

例如:What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚.Who will win the match is still unknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知.1. 由that 引导的主语从句可以直接放句首That the seas are being overfished has been known foryears.(2006 text3)海洋正在被人们过度捕捞,许多年以来这已是尽人皆知的事情了。

That such a conjunction of circumstances might occur again soon, especially considering shrinking US defense budgets and diminishing overseas base access,is problematical at best.至于在近期内能否再次出现这种各个情况巧合的局面,即使最乐观的看法也是值得怀疑的,尤其是考虑到美国国防预算缩减和海外基地减少的情况。

2. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而主语从句置于句末.主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式.常用句型如下:【第1句】(1) It + be + 名词 + that从句(2) It + be + 形容词 + that从句(3) It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句(4) It + 不及物动词 + that 从句It’s a pity that he didn’t come.很遗憾他没来。

名词性从句-主语从句

名词性从句-主语从句

主语从句的构成
主语从句的构成包括引导词和陈述句两部分。引导词是主语从句的开头,陈述句则是主语从句的具体 内容。
例如:“That he will come is certain.”这个句子中,“that”是引导词,“he will come”是陈述 句,合起来构成了主语从句“that he will come”。

特殊情况下的语序变化
在某些特殊情况下,如强调或倒装句中,主语从句的语 序可能会发生变化。例如,“It is he who is responsible for the accident.”(是他负责这起事故。)
主语从句的省略
省略条件
主语从句在某些情况下可以省略,通常是在从句内容与主句内容重复或从句内容不重要的情况下。
THANKS
感谢观看
名词性从句-主语从 句
目录
• 主语从句的定义 • 主语从句的引导词 • 主语从句的句型结构 • 主语从句的用法 • 主语从句的注意事项
01
主语从句的定义
什么是主语从句
主语从句是名词性从句的一种,在句子中充当主语成分,表示句子中的主要内容。 主语从句通常由一个连词引导,如that、whether等,后面跟随一个完整的句子。
引导词who
总结词
表示人或身份
详细描述
who作为主语从句的引导词,通常表示人或身份,在句子中起到连接主语和谓语的作用。例如,“Who will win the game is still unknown.”(谁将赢得比赛仍然未知。)
引导词which
总结词
表示选择或范围
详细描述
which作为主语从句的引导词,通常表示选择或范围,在句子中起到连接主语和 谓语的作用。例如,“Which team will win the game is still unknown.” (哪个队将赢得比赛仍然未知。)

名词性从句:主语从句用法详解(例句丰富)

名词性从句:主语从句用法详解(例句丰富)

名词性从句:主语从句用法详解(例句丰富)一、主语从句的引导词主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导。

1. that引导That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着,真是奇迹。

That we shall be late is certain. 我们要晚了,这是确定无疑的。

That he should have ignored the working class was natural. 他忽视工人阶级是很自然的。

That she is still alive is a consolation. 她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。

That she became an artist may have been due to her father's influence.她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。

That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。

That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village.她被挑选上,在她村子里引起很大轰动。

2. whether引导Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。

Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。

3. 连接代词引导Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 两强相争勇者胜。

Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. 无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。

(完整版)长难句重难点整理

(完整版)长难句重难点整理

长难句(1)考研英语长难句四大类型及五大特点一、长难句的特点英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句,复杂句里可能有多个从句,从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套,也可能并列或平行。

从功能来说,英语有三大复合句,即:①名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句,即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。

英语长难句五大特点:1)结构复杂,逻辑层次多;2)常须根据上下文作词义的引申;3)常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断;4)并列成分多;5)修饰语多,特别是后置定语很长;二、考研英语长难句分析类别第一类:复杂修饰成分句子本不难,但是修饰成分多且长。

1、从句(定语、状语、同位语从句等)修饰;2、介词短语修饰;3、分词修饰;4、不定式修饰。

经常是在同一个句子里既有从句又有介词短语,且都不止一个.例:The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that community perceives as essential.分析:主语:The methods;谓语:come into being;that a community devises to perpetuate itself为定语从句,修饰the methods;不定式to表示目的状语;that community perceives as essential为定语从句,修饰the cultural legacy。

译文:一个社会设计出来保存自己的方法得以形成来保持那个社会认为最重要的一些方面。

第二类:大段的插入与或同位语,打断读者的思路,割裂前后之间的语义,造成理解的困难。

我们称之为“打岔”。

例:Moreover, I can feel strong emotions in response to objects of art that are interpretations, rather than representations, of reality.分析:在浏览该句时,发现句子中出现了双逗号,其中间的内容rather than representations为插入语,浏览的时候先跳过。

英语语法长难句与必背英语句型

英语语法长难句与必背英语句型

英语语法长难句与必背英语句型英语长难句分析之基础语法名词性从句之名词性从句主语从句可以按其引导词的不同分为三类:第一类,用从属连词that 引导的主语从句,例如:That we shall be late is certain.That the driver could not control his car was obvious.这种结构主要是对that 从句的内容进行强调,属正式文体,连词that 不可以省略;但是在一般情况下,往往使用先行it 结构,即用it 作形式主语,而把that 从句放到后面,这时,在口语中,连词that 有时则可以省略.所以上述两句可以改为:It is certain that we shall be late.It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.如果整个句子是疑问形式,就只能用先行it 结构,例如:Is it true that he would take the risk?Is it possible that they will come tomorrow?常使用先行it 结构,用that 从句作主语的句子有下列几个句型:1、It + be + 形容词+ that 从句:It is clear that he was telling the truth.It’s probable that we’ll be a little late.2、It + be + 名词词组+ that 从句:It’s a pity that you can’t go with us.3、It + 及物动词+ 宾语+ that 从句:It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.It shocked m e that Peter didn’t tell anybody where he was.4、It + be + 过去分词+ that 从句:It is said that he has been there many times.5、It + seem/happen/appear 等不及物动词+ that 从句:It seems that he has lost something.注意:在上述第1 和第2 两种句型中,that 从句前置与使用先行it,that 从句后置在意义上没有什么差异;但使用先行it 结构较为常见.在第3 种句型中,that 从句前置在语法上是可能的,但实际上并不常见,通常总是使用先行it 结构.第4 种句型实质上是被动结构,由于that 从句不可以位于句首作被动句的主语,所以只能使用先行it 结构.第5 种句型已经形成了固定的搭配关系,that 从句不能前置,只能使用先行it 结构,不过,这种结构可以转换为带有不定式的简单句,例如:It happened that I had no money with me that day.→ I happened to have no money with me that day.第二类,用连接代词who、whose、which、what,连接副词when、where、how、why,以及连词whether(或if)引导的主语从句,例如:Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.→ It is not yet c lear who was responsible for the accident.What he did is not yet known.→ It is not yet known what he did.Whether it is true remains a problem.→ It remains a problem whether / if it is true.从以上例句可以看出,这类主语从句可以直接放在句首作主语,也可以使用先行it 结构,把主语从句放在后面,两种结构可以互换,意义上无差异,但用if 引导主语从句时,只能采取先行it 结构,也就是说if 不可以引导置于句首的主语从句.第三类,用what、whatever、where、wherever、whoever、whichever 等代词引导的主语从句,例如:What he said at the meeting encouraged everyone.Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder.这类从句一般相当于带有定语从句所修饰的名词词组,即在结构上相当于一个名词加上一个定语从句,例如:What he wants to buy is a ten-speed bicycle.→ The thing that he wants to buy is a ten-speed bicycle.Whoever breaks the law is sure to be punished.→ Anyone who breaks the law i s sure to be punished.切记,这类主语从句不可以使用先行it 结构.上述第二类主语从句与第三类主语从句尽管在形式上十分相似,但实际上是不同的.第二类结构中用连接代/副词引导的从句系由特殊疑问句转化而来,以whether/if 引导的从句系由一般疑问句转化而来,自然含有疑问的意味,例如: When they will have the sports meet is still a question.→ When will they have t he sports meet?Who he is doesn’t concern me.→ Who is he?Whether he will join us won’t make too much difference.→ Will he join us?而第三类结构中的主语从句则没有疑问的意味.试比较下列各句:① What caused the accident is a complete mystery.② What caused the accident was a broken bottle.③ What she looks like doesn’t matter.④ What she’d like is a digital watch.上述各句中尽管都有一个以what 引导的主语从句,但其意义不尽相同;第①和③句中的主语从句系由“What causedthe accident?”和“What does she look like?”转化而来,所以可以改成:It is a complete mystery what caused the accident.It doesn’t matter what she looks like.第②④句中的主语从句含义分别为“The thing that caused the accident”和“The thing which she’d like”,所以不含疑问意味,因此不可以说:It was a broken bottle what caused the accident.It is a digital watch what she’d like.但是可以说:It was a broken bottle that caused the accident.It is a digital watch that she’d like.不过,这已不是主语从句,而是强调结构了.学好初中英语的必背句型句型31:keep sb. / sth. +adj/doing/介词短语/advYou must keep your room clean.你们必须保持房间干净。

考研英语长难句中的名词性从句

考研英语长难句中的名词性从句

考研英语长难句中的名词性从句考研英语长难句中的名词性从句名词性从句即咱们经常用到的宾语从句,表语从句,主语从句和同位语从句。

在考研英语中不是难点,却是高频语法之一,所以也需要引起我们的足够重视。

主语从句:1. That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.(2006-3-2)总所周知,海洋正在被人们过度捕捞。

上面这个例子是相对比较简单的主语从句,在实际应用中,主语从句通常以it做形式主语,而把真正的主语置后,请看下面的句子:2. It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. (2004-2-2)解析:It has long been known that…是一个固定句式,他的意思是“长久以来人们都知道…”其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是that 从句;从句本身又是一个复合句,开始是主句a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars ,其中分词结构called AAA cars 是后置定语,修饰firm,后面的when 引导一个时间状语从句。

英语中为了避免头重脚轻,通常把较长的主语放在句子后面,而以放在句首的形式主语it代替它。

翻译为:“人们早已知道在客户翻阅电话簿时,名叫AAAA的出租汽车公司要比Zodiac出租汽车公司有很大的优越性。

”宾语从句:1. Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure?(2005-2-1)解析:这个句子主句是Do you remember all those years,when引导的时间状语从句中又有两个宾语从句。

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考研英语长难句:名词性从句-主语从句
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Nominal Clauses)。

名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同谓语从句。

主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。

主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。

that在句中无词义,只
起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。

例如:
What he wants to tell us is not clear.
他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚.
Who will win the match is still unknown.
谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知.
1. 由that 引导的主语从句可以直接放句首
That the seas are being overfished has been known for
years.(2006 text3)
海洋正在被人们过度捕捞,许多年以来这已是尽人皆知的事情了。

That such a conjunction of circumstances might occur again soon, especially considering shrinking US defense budgets and diminishing overseas base access,is problematical at best.
至于在近期内能否再次出现这种各个情况巧合的局面,即使最乐观的看法也是值得怀疑的,尤其是考虑到美国国防预算缩减和海外基地减少的情况。

2. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而主语从句置于句末.主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式.常用句型如下:【第1句】
(1) It + be + 名词 + that从句
(2) It + be + 形容词 + that从句
(3) It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句
(4) It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
It’s a pity that he didn’t come.
很遗憾他没来。

It was intended that you be the candidate.
大家的意图是让你当候选人。

It is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
很显然,一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关,而效率的提高又有赖于各类科技人员的努力。

3. whether以及连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句【第2句】
It is known to us how he became a writer.
我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的.
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布.
Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul”is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact.
眼睛是否是“心灵的窗口”,这还有争议;但无疑,眼睛在人际交流中有着重要的作用。

1. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money
is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’money to do with as they please. (2014 Text 3)
【念念有词】
I) attention n. 注意力;留心;关心;照料;【军】立正。

My attention was diverted for a moment by the accident.(我的注意力在事故发生的一瞬间被转移了)。

attract/receive/enjoy attention(吸引/得到关注)
draw/call attention to sth. (引起注意)。

II) criticize v. 批评;评论;非难,指责。

The government has been criticized for not taking the problem seriously.(政府因为没有认真对待问题而受到批评。

)criticize sb./sth. for (doing) sth. He has been criticized for incompetence.(他因为不称职而受到批评。


III) mechanism n. 机械,机械装置;机制;(文学作品情节的)
手法;技巧。

mechanisms for dealing with complaints from the general public(处理来自公众的投诉机制。


【句理力争】
本句的考点是形式主语it作主语,真正的主语是that the money and
句的结构为:it形式主语+谓语+that从句。

主语还原后的句子为That the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere is surely a good thing,主语太长,显得句子冗长不平衡,就把主语调到that后,用it形式主语代替真正的主语。

注:(1)为避免头重脚轻,常以形式主语it引导从句。

(2)由于主语从句一般被认为是单数形式,形式主语的谓语动词、be动词+表语均为单数第三人称形式或过去式。

【译译生辉】
第二,资金和注意力能够投入到科学领域而非其他方面,这自然是一件好事。

要批评和质疑这种机制也并非不公——毕竟,这是一种研究文化——但是,这是奖项设立者自己的钱,他们可以随意支配。

2. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.(2005 text1)
【念念有词】
I) fairness n. 公平;美好;清晰;顺利性。

procedural fairness (程序公正)service fairness (服务公平性)Our teacher is known for her fairness in grading pupils. (我们的老师以给学生评分公平著称。


II) evolve vt. 发展,进化;进化;使逐步形成;推断出vi. 发展,进展;进化;逐步形成。

evolve into (逐渐发展成 ; 演化成; 演变成;evolve develop (进展发展)We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. (我们没有进化。

因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切。

)III) stem n. 干;茎;船首;血统vt. 阻止;除去…的茎;给…装柄vi. 阻止;起源于某事物;逆行All my problems stem from drink.(我所有的问题都是酗酒引起的。


【句理力争】
该句是一个主语从句,句子的主语whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago,是两个并列的句子充当主语。

谓语动词为is ,表语为an unanswered question。

as yet 是插入语。

【译译生辉】
但是这种公平感是从卷尾猴和人类身上各自演化而来,还是来源于三千五百万年以前他们共同的祖先,至今仍是个有待回答的问题。

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