医学英语临床诊断学

诊断学第一篇：症状学致热原 pyrogen体温调节中枢 thermotaxic centre外源性致热原 exogenous pyrogen内源性致热原 endogenous pyrogen白细胞致热源 leukocytic pyrogen白细胞介素 I interleukin I体温调定点 temperature setpoint感染性发热 infective fever细菌性致热源 bacteria pyrogen非感染性发热 non-infective fever吸收热 absorption fever中枢性发热 centris fever布鲁菌病 brucellosis骤降 crisis渐降 lysis热型 fever type稽留热 continues fever弛张热 remittent fever间歇热 intermittent fever波状热 undulant fever回归热 recurrent fever霍奇金病 Hodgkin不规则热 irregular fever寒战 rigor双重痛感 double顿痛 dull pain酸痛 aching pain烧灼痛 burning pain绞痛 colicky pain牵涉痛 referred pain刺痛 stabbing pain刀割样痛 knife-like pain胀痛 bursting pain搏动性痛 throbbing pain头痛headache胸痛 chest pain放射痛radiating pain腹痛 abdominal pain急腹症 acute abdomen嗳气 belching水肿（edema）积水 dropsy象皮腿 elephantiasic crus皮肤黏膜出血 mucocutaneous hemorrhage 血小板无力症 thrombasthenia呼吸困难 dyspnea心原性哮喘 cardiac asthma咳嗽 cough咳痰 expectoration咳血 hemoptysis紫绀（cyanosis）心悸（palpitation）恶心 nausea呕吐 vomiting干呕 vomiturition呕吐中枢 vomiting center呕血 hematemesis正铁血红蛋白 hematin黑便 melena便血 hematochezia隐血便 stool with occult blood柏油便 tarry stool里急后重 tenesmus腹泻diarrhea便秘（constipation）黄疸（jaundice）隐性黄疸 latent jaundice旁路胆红素 bypass bilirubin非结合胆红素 unconjugated bilirubin 结合胆红素 conjugated bilirubin核黄疸 nuclear icterus眩晕vertigo惊厥convulsion意识障碍disturbance of consciousness 嗜睡 somnolence意识模糊 confusion昏睡 stupor昏迷 coma谵妄delirium血尿 hematuria尿频 frequent micturition 尿急 urgent micturition 尿痛odynuria 神经原性膀胱 neurogenic bladder 排尿困难dysuria尿失禁urinary incontinence尿潴留retention of urine第二篇问诊（inquiry）一般项目general data主诉 chief complaints现病史 history of present illness既往史 past history系统回顾systems review个人史 personal history婚姻史 marrital history月经史 menstrual history生育史 childbearing history家族史 family history第三篇检体诊断（physical diagnosis）第1章体格检查 physical examination 视诊 inspection触诊 palpation浅部触诊法 light palpation深部触诊法 deep palpation双手触诊法 bimanual palpation 深压触诊法 deep press palpation 冲击触诊法 ballottement叩诊 percussion间接叩诊法 indirect percussion 直接叩诊法 direct percussion 清音 resonance浊音 dullness鼓音 tympany实音 flatness过清音 hyperresonance听诊 auscultation听诊器 stethoscope嗅诊 olfactory examination 深部滑行触诊法deep slipping palpation腋臭 bromidrosis第2章性别 sex萎黄病 chlorosis年龄 age生命征 vital sign体温 temperature发育 development青春期急激成长 adolescent spurt 体型 habitus无力型（瘦长型） asthenic type超力型（矮胖型） sthenic type正力型（均称型） ortho-sthenic type 巨人症 gigantism垂体性侏儒症pituitary dwarfism 良好 well不良 poorly中等 fairly消瘦 emaciation恶病质 cachexia肥胖 obesity水牛背 buffalo hump意识状态 consciousness语调 tone语态 voice面容 facial features表情 expression肝病面容 hepatic facies肾病面容 nephritic facies二尖瓣面容 mitral facies肢端肥大症面容 acromegaly facies 伤寒面容 typhoid facies苦笑面容 sardonic feature满月面容 moon facies面具面容 masked facies病危面容critical facies/Hippocrates体位 position自主体位 active position被动体位 positive position强迫体位 compulsive position端坐呼吸 orthopnea强迫蹲位 compulsive squatting强迫停立位forced standing position辗转体位 alternative position角弓反张位 opisthotonos position 姿势 posture步态 gait蹒跚步态wadding gait醉酒步态 drinken man gait共济失调步态 ataxic gait慌张步态 festinating gait跨阈步态 steppage gait剪刀式步态 scissors gait 间歇性跛行intermittent claudication皮肤黏膜苍白 pallor皮肤发红 redness发绀 cyanosis黄染 stained yellow胡萝卜素 carotene黑色素 melanin色素沉着 pigmentation老年斑 senile plaque白癜 vitiligo白斑 leukoplakia白化症 albinismus湿度 moisture皮肤弹性 elasticity皮疹 skin eruption斑疹 maculae玫瑰疹 roseola丘疹 papules斑丘疹 maculopapulae寻麻疹 urticaria皮肤脱屑 desquamation瘀点 petechia紫癜 purpura瘀班 ecchymosis血肿 hematoma蜘蛛痣 spider angioma水肿 edema压陷性水肿pitting edema皮下结节 subcutaneous nodule 斑痕 scar毛发 hair第3章头部头发 hair头皮 scalp头颅 skull小颅 micro cephalia 尖颅 oxycephaly塔颅 tower skull 方颅 squared skull 巨颅 large skull长颅 delichocephalia 变形颅 deforming skull 震颤麻痹Parkinson颜面 face眼眉 eyebrow眼睑 eyelids睑内翻 entropion上睑下垂 ptosis结膜 conjunctiva眼球 eyeball眼球突出 exophthalmos复视 diplopia斜视 paralytic squint眼球震颤 nystagmus巩膜 sclera角膜 cornea老年环 arcus senilis肝豆状核变性 Wilson病虹膜 iris瞳孔 pupil调节反射 accommodation reflex 辐辏反射 convergence reflex视力 vision色觉 color sensation耳廓 auricle外耳道 external auditory canal 鼓膜 ear drum乳突 mastoid听力 auditus酒渣鼻 rosacea鞍鼻 saddle nose鼻翼扇动 nasal ala flap 鼻衄 epistaxis鼻窦 nasal sanus口 mouth克汀病 cretinism黏液性水肿 myxedema肢端肥大症 acromegaly麻疹黏膜斑measles mucous patch牙齿 teeth牙龈 gums舌 tongue渴感 thirst舌痛 Sore tongue地图舌 geographic tongue移行性舌炎 migratory glossitis 裂纹舌 wrinkled tongue草莓舌 strawberry tongue牛肉舌 beefy tongue镜面舌（光滑舌）smooth tongue毛舌 hairy tongue鼻咽 nasopharynx口咽 oral pharynx咽喉 laryngeal pharynx喉 larynx腮腺 parotid gland第4章颈部斜颈 torticollis静脉“翁鸣” venous hum甲状腺 thyroid 第5章胸部胸骨上切迹suprasternal notch胸骨柄 manubrium sterni胸骨角 sternal angle / Louis 胸骨下角 infrasternal angle 剑突 xiphoid process浮肋 free ribs肋间隙 intercostal space肩胛骨 scapula脊柱棘突 spinous process肋脊角 costalspinal angle前正中线 anterior midline 锁骨中线 midclavicular line胸骨线 sternal line胸骨旁线 parasternal line腋前线 anterior axillary line 腋后线 posterior axillary line 腋中线 midaxillary line肩胛线 scapular line后正中线 posterior midline腋窝 axillary fossa胸骨上窝 suprasternal fossa锁骨上窝 supraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝 infraclavicular fossa对称性 symmetry肩胛上区 suprascapular region 肩胛下区 infrascapular region 肩胛间区 interscapular region 脏层胸膜 visceral pleura壁层胸膜 parietal pleura胸壁 chest wall皮下气肿 subcutaneous emphysema 捻发音 crepitus扁平胸 flat chest桶状胸 barrel chest佝偻病胸 rachitic chest佝偻病串珠 rachitic rosary肋膈沟 Harrison groove漏斗胸 funnel chest鸡胸 pigeon chest乳房 breast乳晕 areola乳头 nipple内翻 inversion皮肤回缩 skin retraction硬度 consistency弹性 elasticity压痛 tenderness包块 masses部位 location大小 size外形 contour活动度 mobility三凹征 three depressions sign 呼吸过速 tachypnea呼吸过缓 bradypnea胸廓扩张度 thoracic expansion 语音振颤 vocal fremitus触觉振颤 tactile fremitus空瓮音 amphorophony胸膜摩擦感pleural friction fremitus肺泡呼吸音 vesicular breath sound支气管呼吸音bronchial breath sound齿轮呼吸音 cogwheel breath sound罗音 rale附加音 adventitious sound湿性罗音 moist rales水泡音 bubble sound爆裂音 crackles干性罗音 rhonchi语音共振 vocal resonance支气管语音 bronchophony胸语音 pectoriloquy羊鸣音 egophony耳语音 whispered胸膜摩擦音 pleural friction rub 硬币扣击征 coin sign大叶性肺炎 lobar pneumonia支气管哮喘 bronchial asthma胸腔积液 pleural effusion气胸 pneumothorax心尖搏动 apical impulse振颤 thrill早搏 premature beat房颤 atrial fibrillation短绌脉 pulse deficit大炮音 cannon sound钟摆律 pendular rhythm胎心律 embryocardia心音分裂 splitting of heart sounds 生理分裂 physiologic splitting固定分裂 fixed splitting 反常分裂 paradoxical splitting 逆分裂 reversed splitting三音律 triple rhythm四音律 quadruple rhythm奔马律 gallop rhythm舒张期奔马律protodiastolic gallop舒张晚期奔马律late diastolic gallop室性奔马律 ventricular gallop收缩期前奔马律 resystolic gallop 房性奔马律 atrial gallop重叠奔马律 summation gallop开瓣音 opening snap心包扣击音 pericardial knock肿瘤扑落音 tumor plop收缩期喷射音systolic ejection sounds咯剌音 click心脏杂音 cardiac murmurs层流 lamina flow湍流 turbulent flow旋涡 vortices收缩期杂音 systolic murmur舒张期杂音 diastolic murmur连续性杂音 continuous murmur 心包摩擦音pericardial friction sound脱落脉 dropped pulse洪脉 pulsus magnus跳脉 bounding pulse细脉 small pulse丝脉 thready pulse水冲脉 water hammer pulse迟脉pulsus tardus重搏脉 dicrotic pulse交替脉 pulsus alternans奇脉 paradoxical pulse无脉病 pulseless血压 blood pressure / BP脉压 pulse pressure颈静脉嗡鸣声 venous hum射枪音 pistol shot毛细血管搏动 capillary pulsation 心包积液 pericardial effusion毛细血管楔嵌压 pulmonary capillary wedge pressure / PCWP 第6章腹部左季肋部 left hypochondrium 左腰部 left lumber region左髂部 left iliac region上腹部 epigastric region脐部 umbilical region下腹部hypogastric region腹部膨隆 abdominal bulge腹水 ascites蛙腹 frog belly尖腹 apical belly气腹 pneumoperitoneum舟状腹 scaphoid abdomen腹部凹陷 abdominal retraction 恶病质 cachexia腹壁静脉曲张abdominal wall varicosis海蛇神头 caput medusae胃肠型gastral or intestinal pattern蠕动波 peristalsis板状腹 board-like rigidity揉面感dough kneading sensation压痛 tenderness反跳痛 rebound tenderness波动感 fluctuation肝震颤 liver thrill液波震颤 fluid thrill振水音 succussion胃泡鼓音区 Traube区移动性浊音 shifting dullness 尺压实验 ruler pressing test 肠鸣音 borborygmus搔弹音 scratch sound急性腹膜炎 acute peritonitis 肝硬化 liver cirrhosis蜘蛛志 spider肝掌 liver palms 蛙腹 frog belly肠梗阻 intestinal obstruction第七章生殖器、肛门、直肠阴茎 penis勃起 erection包皮 prepuce阴囊 scrotum精索 spermatic cord睾丸 testis会阴 perineum隐睾症 cryptorchism附睾 epididymis腹股沟斜疝indirect inguinal hernia前列腺 epididymis精囊 seminal vesicle阴阜 mons veneris大阴唇 labium majus pudendi 小阴唇 labium minus pudendi 阴蒂 clitoris 阴道前庭 vestibulum vaginae 阴道 vagina处女膜 hymen子宫 uterus输卵管 oviduct卵巢 ovary直肠 rectum肛门 anus肛管 anal canal肛门闭锁 proctatresia肛裂 anal fissure痔 hemorrhoid内痔 internal hemorrhoid外痔 external hemorrhoid混合痔 mixed hemorrhoid肛瘘 archosyrinx直肠脱垂 proctoptosis脱肛 hedrocele直肠息肉 proctopolypus第8章脊柱与四肢脊柱 spine驼背 gibbus脊柱前凸 lordosis姿势性侧凸 posture scoliosis 器械性侧凸 organic scoliosis 四肢 four limbs关节 articulus匙状甲 koilonychia杵状指 acropachy 肢端肥大症 acromegaly膝内翻 genua varus膝外翻 genua valgus肌肉萎缩 muscle atrophy淋巴性水肿 lymphedema象皮肿 elephant edema爪行手 claw hand浮髌现象floating patella phenomenon第9章神经系统检查嗅神经 olfactory nerve视神经 optic nerve视力 vission视野 visual feild动眼神经 oculomotor nerve 滑车神经 trochlear nerve 三叉神经 trigeminus展神经 abduct nerve 面神经 facial nerve位听神经 auditory nerve舌咽神经glossopharyngeal nerve迷走神经 Vagus nerve副神经 accessory nerve舌下神经 hypoglossal nerve 偏瘫 hemiparalysis单瘫 monoplegia皮肤划纹征 dermographism 截瘫 paraplegia交叉瘫 crossed paralysis肌力 myodynamia肌张力 muscular tone痉挛性 spasticity强直性 rigidity齿轮强直 cogwheel rigidity震颤 tremor震颤麻痹 Parkinson disease舞蹈样运动 chorea手足徐动 athetosis手足搐搦 tetany助产士手 obstertrician hand摸空症 carphology共济失调 ataxia指鼻实验 finger nose test指指实验 ringer finger test轮替动作 alternate motion跟-膝-胫实验 heel-knee-tibia best痛觉 analgia温度觉 thalposis触觉 thigmesthesia关节觉 arthresthesia震动觉 seismesthesia复合感觉 synaesthesia反射 reflex角膜反射 corneal reflex腹壁反射 abdomenal wall reflex提睾反射 cremasteric reflex跖反射 plantar reflex肱二头肌反射 biceps reflex肱三头肌反射 triceps reflex桡骨骨膜反射radioperiosteal reflex膝反射 knee jerk跟腱反射 Achilles jerk阵挛 clonus踝阵挛 ankle clonus髌阵挛 patells clonus眼心反射 oculo-cardiac reflex竖毛反射 pilomotor reflex第四篇器械检查第1章：心电图除极化 depolarization动作电位 action potential复极化 repolarization心电综合向量resultant vector希氏束 His’ bundle缺血性改变 myocardial ischemia损伤性改变 myocardial injury单相曲线 monophasic curve肢体导联limb leads胸导联chest leads顺钟向电位clokwise rotation逆钟向转位counterclockwise rotation起搏点 pacemaker绝对不应期 absolute refractory period有效不应期 effective refractory period相对不应期 relative refractory period心电生理检查 transesophageal atrial pacing / TEAP动态心电图 ambulatory eletrocardiography心电图运动负荷试验ECG exercise test平板运动试验 treadmill test踏车运动试验 bicycle ergometer test第2章：肺功能检查肺容积 basal lung volume基础肺容量 basal lung capacity潮气容积tidal volume, TV补呼吸容积 expiratory reserve volume,ERV深吸气量 inspiratory capacity,IC肺活量 vital capacity,VC功能残气量 functional residual capacity肺总量total lung capacity,TLC残气容积 residual volume,RV每分钟静息通气量 minute ventilation,MV最大通气量maximal voluntary ventilation,MVV用力肺活量 forced vital capacity,FVC最大呼气中段流量 maximal mid-expiratory flow curve,MMEF 肺泡通气量 alveolar ventilation生理无效腔 dead space ventilation最大呼气中段时间maximal mid-expiratory time最大呼气流量 peak expiratory flow,PEF通气/血流比值 ventilation/perfusion ratio弥散量 diffusing capacity闭合容积 closing volume最大呼气流量-容积曲线 maximum expiratory flow-volume curve,MEFV 静态肺顺应性static lung compliance动态肺顺应性dynamic lung compliance实际碳酸氢actual bicarbonate，AB标准碳酸氢standard bicarbonate,SB缓冲碱 buffer bases剩余碱 bases excess血浆CO2含量 total plasma CO2 contentCO2结合力carbon dioxide combining power, CO2-CP阴离子间隙anion gap,AG高碳酸血症后碱中毒posthypercapnic alkalosis支气管灌洗 bronchial lavage（BL）支气管肺泡灌洗 bronchial-alveolar lavage（BAL）第三章：临床技术修正诊断 diagnosis correcting导尿术 catheterization胸膜腔穿刺术 thoracentesis胸膜活检术 pleura biopsy心包腔穿刺术 pericardiocentesis肝穿刺活检术 liver biospy肝穿刺抽脓术 liver abscess puncture肾穿刺活检术 renal biospy骨髓穿刺术 bone marrow puncture淋巴结穿刺术 lymphnode puncture腰椎穿刺术 lumbar puncture中心静脉压 central venous pressure胃液采集术 gastric juice collection最大胃酸分泌量 maximal acid output峰胃酸排泌量 peak acid output十二指肠引流术 duodenal drainage荟萃分析 meta-analysis心血管造影 agiocardiography血管通透性 vasopermeability第四章：。