英语必修4unit2单词词汇导学案
高一英语必修4学案：词汇解析 Unit2 Workingtheland
知识感悟一、词汇详解日晒；日灼；晒黑(过去式:sunburnt,sunburned；过去分词:sunburnt,sunburned)【典型例句】Her skin sunburns very quickly.她的皮肤一晒就黑。
We were all sunburned from a day on the beach.我们在海滩上过了一天,皮肤都晒黑了。
The cream protects your skin from sunburn.这种乳霜保护你的皮肤不致被太阳晒伤。
【要点归纳】过去分词sunburned,sunburnt已转化为形容词,可构成词组be sunburned from因……而晒黑；sunburnt常作定语。
【相关链接】adj晒干的沐日光浴2.expand vt.&vi.使变大；伸展；阐述【典型例句】He is thinking of expanding his business.他正在考虑扩展他的生意。
Elastic expands when you pull it.松紧带一拉就伸长。
The eagle expanded its wings.老鹰展开翅膀。
They have expanded my view on the question.他们已更充分地阐明了我对这个问题的观点。
【相关链接】扩大；扩张adj易膨胀的；易扩张的；广阔的；豪爽的；豪华的(2)extend,spread,stretch,expand辨析:extend“伸出,延伸”,指空间范围的扩大,以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸,也可指时间的延长。
spread“伸开,传播”,一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围,如传播(疾病),散布(信息等)。
stretch“伸展,拉长”,一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展,不是加长。
expand“展开,扩大”,不仅指尺寸的增加,还可指范围和体积的扩大。
循环；流传【典型例句】Blood circulates in the body.血液在体内循环。
人教版高中英语必修四Unit2课文全解(常考单词、高频短语和写作句式)
人教版高中英语必修四Unit2课文全解（常考单词、高频短语和写作句式）Ⅰ. 常考单词必背1．consist vi.组成；在于；一致Learning and personality do not always consist together.学问与人格并不总是相一致的。
[快速闪记]consist of由……组成consist in 在于consist with 与……一致be consistent with与……一致consistent adj.一致的；一贯的；连续的2．clarify vt.澄清；阐明I am happy to clarify any points that are still unclear.我愿意说明任何仍然不清楚的地方。
A bank spokesman was unable to clarify the situation.一位银行发言人未能把情况解释清楚。
3．accomplish vt.完成；达成；实现The explorer accomplished the voyage in three weeks.探险家在三周内完成了这次航行。
[快速闪记]同义词：finish，accomplish，complete，conclude，end4．convenience n．方便；便利Any help from you will be greatly appreciated.Please give me a reply at your earliest convenience.你们所提供的任何帮助我们都很感激，请在方便的时候尽早联系我们。
[快速闪记](1)for convenience为了方便起见at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候convenience food方便食品convenience store便利店(2)convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的It is convenient for sb to do sth某人方便做某事if/when it is convenient方便的话/方便的时候5．attract vt.吸引；引起注意Suddenly，a round of applause attracts their attention.突然，一阵掌声吸引了他们的注意力。
2021届高三英语人教新课标一轮复习导学案必修四Unit2Workingtheland
必修四Unit 2 Working the landⅠ.单词—在语境中默写，在联想中积累[写得准][用得活][积得多]1.struggle vi.& n． 斗争；拼搏；努力2.therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而3.regret vt. 遗憾；惋惜n. 遗憾；懊悔4.focus n. 焦点；中心点vt. 集中；聚焦5.reduce vt. 减少；减缩ment n. 评论；议论vi.& vt. 表达意见；作出评论7.expand vt.& vi. 使变大；伸展8.confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的→confusion n．迷惑9.freedom n．自由；自主→free adj.自由的10.export vt.& vi.输出；出口→import (反义词) vt.& vi.输入；进口11.discovery n．发现；发觉→discover vt.发现；发觉→discoverer n．发现者12.disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbed adj.扰乱的→disturb vt.扰乱；打扰13.hunger n．饥饿；欲望vt.& vi.(使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的14.circulate vt.& vi.循环；流传→circulation n．循环15.equip vt.& vi.配备；装备→equipment n．设备(不可数)用所给词的适当形式填空1.Women have gainedthe freedom (free) todecide whether or notto marry.2.I began to take upthe occupation(occupy) as a teacherin my twenties.3.As a matter offact, the childrenall have differentpersonalities(personal)．4.Disturbing newscame that the virusspread quickly, whichmade us ratherdisturbed.(disturb)5.Our school offersgood equipment andyou will be wellequipped withknowledge and skillsfor your futurejob.(equip)6.He was reallyconfused by theconfusing problemwhich also confusedother people for a1.“评论”名词知多少①comment 评论；意见；批评②remark 评论③review 回顾；复习；评论④criticism 批评；(尤指对书、电影等的)评论2.“扩展”动词全接触①expand 扩展；扩张；膨胀②enlarge 扩大；放大③spread 扩展；蔓延；传播④extend 延伸；扩大3.以dom为后缀的名词一览①freedom 自由②newspaperdom 新闻界③kingdom 王国④wisdom 智慧4.加后缀ment构成的名词面面观①equip→equipment 装备②develop→development发展③argue→argument 争论④establish→establishment建立⑤employ→employment 雇用⑥improve→improvement16.personality n．性格；个性；人格→personal adj.个人的→personally adv.亲自地；就自己而言17.occupation n．工作；职业；占领→occupy vt.占领；占据long time.(confuse)7.Owing to the greathunger,_a greatnumber of hungrychildren died.(hunger)8.The discoverer ofelectricity wasFranklin; like manydiscoveries,_itbenefits usgreatly.(discover)提高⑦amuse→amusement 娱乐⑧assess→assessment 评估⑨agree→agreement 同意⑩achieve→achievement 成就Ⅱ.短语—在应用中记牢，在归纳中记多[写得准][用得活][积得多]1.thanks_to 幸亏；由于；因为2.rid_...of 使……摆脱或除去3.be_satisfied_with 对……感到满意4.would_rather 宁愿；宁可5.build_up 逐渐增强；建立；开发6.lead_to 导致；造成(后果)7.focus_on 集中(注意力、精力等)于8.be_rich_in 盛产9.keep_...free_from/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)10.in_addition 另外选用左栏短语填空1.When Lisa stoo d beforethe audience, she felt veryuneasy with all eyesfocused_on her.2.Modern science has givenclear evidence that smokingcan lead_to many diseases.3.We cannot really learnanything until we ridourselves of being tooproud.4.Thanks_to these newtreatments, people withhigh blood pressure canlive a long and active life.5.To be mentally healthy,you need to build_up goodrelationships with eachother.“be＋adj.＋with”高频短语集锦①be satisfied with 对……满意②be content with 对……满意③be pleased with 对……满意④be angry with 对……发怒⑤be familiar with 对……熟悉⑥be bored with 对……厌烦⑦be busy with 忙于……⑧be popular with 受……欢迎⑨be patient with 对……耐心⑩be strict with 对……严格要求Ⅲ.句式—在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通[背原句][记句式][会仿用]1.If so, what did you do to grow them？如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？if so意为“如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式。
人教课标版高中英语必修4 Unit2_Reading_重难点词汇详解
Unit2 Reading 重难点词汇详解1. struggle n. &vi. 斗争；拼搏；努力教材原文Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. 的确，他那被太阳晒黑的脸庞和手臂以及他那瘦削而结实的身躯，就跟其他千百万中国农民一样，在过去50年里，他一直在努力帮助他们。
经典例句①After 6 years’ struggle, people in Wenchuan are living a normal life now.经过六年的努力，现在的汶川人民的生活步入了正轨。
②We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence. 我们都有过这样的经历：在电梯里，在银行排队，或者在飞机上，周围都是像我们一样深切专注智能手机的人，或者，更糟糕的是，在令人不安的沉默中挣扎。
③They had to struggle for their lives against weather and wild animals.为了生存，他们必须和天气和野兽做斗争。
④There were no signs of a struggle at the murder scene.凶杀现场没有搏斗痕迹。
人教新课标高中英语必修四重点词汇词性拓展和练习 学案 (有答案)
Book 4 Unit 1 Women of achievement一．词性拓展1.achieve vt.完成；达到→ achievement n．成就；功绩2.specialist n. 专家→specialize v. 专攻；专门从事→special adj. 特别的→specially adv 特别地；专门地3.connection n．连接；关系；亲戚→connect vt.连接anization n．组织；机构；团体→organize vt.组织→organizer n. 组织者5.behave vt. & vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现→behaviour n．行为；举止6.worthwhile adj.值得的；值得做的；→worth n.价值；adj. 值... ...的(It is worthwhile doing/to do sth 做某事是值得的)7.observe vt.观察；遵守→observation n．观察→observer n．观察者8．respect vt. & n．尊敬；敬意→respectable adj.体面的，值得尊敬的→respectful adj.恭敬的9.argue vi. & vt.讨论；辩论；争论→argument n．争辩；争吵，论点10.entertainment n．款待；娱乐→entertain v．宴客，款待某人→entertaining adj. 令人愉快的11. crowd n. 群众，人群→ crowded adj. 拥挤的12．inspire vt.鼓舞；感动；激发；启示→inspiration n．灵感；鼓舞或激励人的人或事物→inspired adj.受感动的→inspirin g adj.鼓舞人的13．support n. & vt.支持；拥护→-supporter n.支持者→supporting adj.支持的；支撑的14. refer vi. 谈到；查阅→reference n.言及，参考15.sickness n. 疾病；恶心→sick adj .生病的；恶心的16．intend vt.计划；打算→intention n．打算17. determination n. 决心→determine v. 下决心，作出决定→determined adj. 决定了的，坚决的18.kindness n.仁慈；好意→kind adj. 善良的19.considerate adj. 考虑周到的-→consider v. 考虑，认为→consideration n.考虑，体谅20．deliver vt.递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)→delivery n．发表，递送21. modest adj. 谦虚的；适度的→modesty n. 谦逊二．重点短语1. human beings 人类2. move off离开；起程；出发3．lead a．..life 过着……的生活（lead-led-led）4．crowd in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；5．look down on/upon 蔑视；瞧不起6．refer to 查阅；参考；谈到(refer-referred-referred) 7．by chance/accident 碰巧；凑巧8．come across (偶然)遇见；碰见9．carry on 继续；坚持三. 用括号内单词的适当形式填空1.Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great_______________(achieve).2.A cinema is a place of ______________(entertain).3.Her good ____________(behave) is worth praising.4.Children should__________(respectable)old people.5. The speech was really___________.It ________________all the students to study hard for the country. (inspire)6.All of you should ___________ the experiment carefully and then I will ask you some questions to test your_____________. The most careful___________will win a prize.(observe)7.He works countless hours__________(support) our family.8. He’s involved in the_________(organize）of a new club.9. Did you___________(delivery) my message to my father?10.They _____________(observation) him enter the building just now.11. The old lady set up an _____________(organize) to help the homeless children.12.The poet drew their ____________(inspire) from the countryside.13.She is a very ____________(modesty) about her success.14.Success should not be measured simply by educational______________(achieve).15.The agreement strengthened the _______ (connect) between the two countries.16.You must take everything into_____________(consider) when you want to do a difficult task.17.Students should show___________(respectable) to their teachers.18.Our teacher__________(inspiration) us to study hard at our lessons.19.It is not______________(worth) to quarrel with him.20.The local doctor couldn’t tell what was wrong, so he sent her to see a _________(special).答案：1.achievement2. entertainment3.behaviour4. respect5. inspiring, inspired6. observe ,observation, observer7. to support8. organization9. deliver 10. observedanization 12. inspiration 13. modest 14.achievement 15. connection16. consideration 17. respect 18. inspired 19. worthwhile 20. specialistBook 4 Unit 2: Working the land一、词性拓展1. sunburnt adj. 晒黑的sunburn n. 晒伤2. hunger n. 饿，饥饿；渴望vi. 渴望；挨饿hungry adj. 饥饿的；渴望的3. disturbing adj.令人不安的disturb v. 打扰, 使不安;使烦恼disturbed adj.心烦意乱的；(be disturbed about/by... 对……搞到不安/忧虑)4.circulate v.循环流传circulation n.流传，循环，发行量5. satisfy v.使……满意（satisfy-satisfied-satisfied）satisfied adj.感到满意的dissatisfied adj. 不满意的satisfying adj.令人满意的satisfaction n. 满意，满足(to one’s satisfaction 令某人满意的是)6.freedom n. 自由free adj. 自由的；免费的v. 使自由7. therefore adv.因此，所以（常考副词有：thus因此，所以；however 然而，但是；besides 此外；moreover 再者，此外；otherwise 否则；meanwhile 同时）8. equip vt. 装备，配备(equip-equipped-equipped) equipment n. 设备，装备；well-equipped adj.设备精良的；装备很好的(be equipped with 用……装备=equip…with…)9. occupation n.职业，占领；occupy v.占领，使忙碌（occupy-occupied-occupied）10. personality n.个性，性格；personal adj.个人的person n. 人11. confuse v. 使困惑；使糊涂confused adj. 迷惑的；不清楚的；混乱的(be confused about... 对……感到困惑) confusing adj. 难以理解的；不清楚的confusion n. 困惑；不确定12.regret n. 遗憾；抱歉vt. 后悔；惋惜；regretful adj. 后悔的，遗憾的；regrettable adj. 令人遗憾的(regret doing sth.后悔做了某事regret to do sth.很遗憾要做某事to one’s regret 令某人遗憾的是)13.chemical adj.化学的chemistry n.化学anic adj. 有机的，器官的，组织的；organize v. 组织organization n.组织organizer n.组织者15. produce v. 生产；制造production n. 生产；工业产品product n. 农产品；制品producer n. 生产商；制造商16. nutrition n. 营养，营养学nutritious adj. 有营养的，滋养的17. discover v. 发现discovery n. 发现18. reduce v. 减少；reduction n.减少(reduce to…减少到……；reduce by…减少了……)19. underline v.画底线标出；underlined adj. 有下划线的20. summary n.总结summarize v.总结21. comment 评论，议论(make comments on sth.评论某物)22. industry n. 工业；行业industrial adj. 工业的；工业发达的23. nationality n.国籍national adj.国家的，民族的nation n. 国家，民族international adj.国际的24. expand v. 使变大，伸展expansion n.扩大，扩展二、短语1.struggle for… 为……而斗争,努力争取；struggle with…与……作斗争；struggle against sb./sth. 与……抗争/斗争；struggle to do sth. 努力/争取做……2.thanks to（to是介词）幸亏；（表因为、由于的相关短语有：because of,as a result of, on account of, due to, owing to)3.rid…of 使……摆脱；get rid of 免除，摆脱4.be satisfied with=be content/pleased with 对……感到满意5.would rather 宁愿，宁可；（would rather do sth. than do sth. = would do sth. rather than do sth. = prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做;与其……不如……）6. build up 逐渐增强(build-built-built); build sb./oneself up=build up one’s body 增强体质7. lead to (to是介词) 导致；lead/live a …life 过……的生活；lead the way 带路，引路8. focus on 集中（注意力、精力等）于9. keep...free from/of 使……免受（影响、伤害等）；使……不含（有害物）三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
Unit 2 Iconic Attractions单词详解课件-高二英语人教版选择性必修第四册
horn
/hɔːn/
n. (乐器)号
pitch
/pɪtʃ/
n.音高
straightforward
/ˌstreɪtˈfɔːwəd/
adj.坦率的;简单的
●Gig workers, often referred to 57 independent contractors (承包者) or temporary workers, are those such as delivery drivers and online sales hosts 58 often enter into contracts with on-demand companies to provide services to their clients.
1. I'm a blunt straightforward man;I hate sham. 我是个耿直坦率的人，我讨厌虚伪。
2. This book presents an up-to-date, straightforward course for students.
这本书为学生提供了一本最新式的、简明易懂的教程。
foundation
/faʊnˈdeɪʃn/
n.创建;基础;地基
●found
vt.建立，创办 （founded-founded）
●founder
n.创始人
●foundation n.基础;地基
1. The builders are now beginning to lay the foundations of the new school.
[高一英语]必修4unit2working-the-land单词讲解
![[高一英语]必修4unit2working-the-land单词讲解](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/5b0b9d1889eb172dec63b704.png)
语境助记——词不离句，句不离段
People struggled
against
hunger for several decades，but to
their regret ， they still couldn’t
increase the output of grain
production.Therefore hunger was
令人遗憾的是……
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❖ ①It’s no use regretting what you have done. ❖ 后悔你做过的事情没有用。 ❖ ②I regret that I am unable to accept your kind invitation. ❖ 很遗憾，我不能接受你的友好邀请。 ❖ ③I have always regretted not having studied harder at
with great/deep regret很遗ret让某人感到遗憾的是
regret v．&n. 遗憾；后悔；惋惜
refuse with much regret (many regrets) 婉言拒绝
to one's regret 令人遗憾的是
feel regretful for....对……感到后悔
2 She struggled to her feet and continued walking. 她挣扎着站起来，继续走。
Dina，________for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local
5．circulate vt. & vi.循环；流传 →circulation n．循环流通 6．battle n．战役；战斗；较量；斗争vt. & vi.搏斗；奋斗 7．therefore adv.因此；所以；因而
高中英语必修4_Unit_2重点词汇
(3) He commented that it was an excellent film. 他评论这部电影很精彩。
(4) She refused to make a comment on the incident. 她拒绝就那个事件发表看法。
(1) Balanced diet and proper exercise keep you free from disease. 均衡的饮食和适当的锻炼能让你远离疾病。
(2) We must try our best to keep the river free from pollution. 我们必须尽力使这条河流免受污染。
(2) We still have to struggle with all kinds of difficulties.
我们仍得和各种各样的困难作斗争. (3) The thief struggled to get free .
那个窃贼挣扎着要逃走。
(4) This a struggle between good and evil（邪恶）. 这是一场善与恶之间的斗争。
我们要用知识来武装自己。
(4) Our factory is equipped with modern machines. 我厂配备有现代化的机器.
(5) This factory has imported a piece of equipment this year.
这家工厂今年进口了一台设备。
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(3) We put our books in bookcase to keep them free from dust. 我们把书放进书柜目的不落上灰尘.
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Unit2 working the landrid...of_________________be satisfiedwith_________________，thanksto_________________，would rather_________________，build up_________________，leadto_________________，focus on_________________，keep...free from/of_________________Ⅰ.联想记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇以及相关短语) 1． adj.晒黑的2．struggle vi. & n ．斗争；努力→struggle 为……而斗争/奋斗 →struggle 努力做(困难的)事3．be ____对……感到满意→be content with/be pleased with 对……感到满意 4．_________________ vt. & n ．遗憾；后悔→regret_________________后悔做过某事→regret _________________遗憾地做某事 逐渐增强→build oneself up 强身健体6_________________导致；造成(后果)→contribute to 导致7．_________________... _________________使……免受(影响、伤害等)；_________________ 使……不含(有害物)→be free from/of 免受…… Ⅱ.构词记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇及其派生词)1．_______________ n ．饥饿；欲望；vt. & vi.(使)挨饿→________________adj.饥饿的；渴望的2．disturb vt.打乱；使不安→ _________________adj.引起烦恼的 3．free adj.自由的→_________________n ．自由；自主 4．equip vt. & vi.配备；装备→ _________________n ．设备 5．_________________vt.占据→occupation n ．工作；职业；占领 6．chemistry n ．化学→_________________adj.化学的 7．nutrition n ．营养→_________________adj.有营养的 8．discover vt.发现→_________________n ．发现 9．reduce vt.减少→_________________n ．减少 vi.& n ．斗争；拼搏；努力(教材原句)．..for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.……过去五十年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。
联想拓展struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来struggle for 为……而奋斗；努力争取…… struggle against/with 向……作斗争；同……搏斗 struggle to do sth 努力做某事；挣扎着做某事 struggle on/along 挣扎着，坚持下去/ 勉强生存下去 with a struggle 费劲地 完成句子②那两个领导人正在争夺权力。
The two leaders________ ________ ________ __. ③她靠着非常微薄的收入艰难地供养一家人。
________ ________ ________ ___a family on a very low income. 【助记】Farmers always have to struggle for a living. They often struggle against/with the bad weather for a better harvest. Some of them even have to leave their hometownand go to work in cities, struggling to increase their income.农民一直都得为了生存而努力，他们经常与恶劣的天气斗争来争取好一点的收成，他们中的一些人甚至不得不离开家乡到大城市打工，努力地增加他们的收入。
2．expand vt.& vi. 扩大，增加；使变大；使增强；使膨胀； expansive adj.易扩张的；易膨胀的；广阔的 expansion n. 扩张；膨胀；扩大；发展 【链接训练】用 expand 的适当形式填空①A tyre 轮胎 ________ when it is pumped 打气air.②The ________ of gases usually depends on the temperature. ③Now the ________ land is becoming smaller and smaller.(1)expand 展开，扩大，使膨胀；不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。
(2)extend 伸长，延伸，指空间范围等的扩大，以及长度、宽度的向外延伸，也可指时间的延长。
(3)spread 伸开，传播，一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播(疾病)、散布(信息)等。
(4)stretch伸展，拉长，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长。
用expand，extend，spread或stretch的适当形式填空①The hot weather__________________________________to October.②Water__________________________________when it freezes.③He __________________________________his body full.④The fire soon_________________to the nearby building.3．equip vt.装备；配备equipment n．[U]装备；设备（不可数名词）a piece of equipment (不可用 an equipment)归纳拓展equip...with...用……装备……，使装(具)备be equipped with装(配)备；安装be fully/specially/poorly/well equipped装备齐全/独特/简陋/完好equip sth. on...在……上装备某物equip sb. for...使某人具有……A good education should equip you for life.良好的教育能使你受用终生。
It's time to equip yourself for the journey abroad.你该准备出国的行装了。
The explorers were told to ________ themselves with everything they would need for the voyage.A．associate B．equip C．relate D．feedn．遗憾，懊悔 vt.遗憾；惋惜(教材原句)His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad.他的父亲说，他从不后悔把儿子送到国外学习。
联想拓展regret doing/having done sth 后悔曾经做过某事regret to do sth 遗憾/抱歉要去做某事.(常和tell，say，inform等动词连用)对将要做某事表示遗憾regret not to have done sth 后悔没做过某事regret＋thatclause 遗憾……feel regret for对……感到后悔to one's regret令某人感到遗憾的是with great/deep regret很遗憾①—I regret______ you that John has been fired.—I can hardly believe my ears. He is such a fine worker. (2013·济南外国语学校质检)A. tellingB. having toldC. to tellD. to have told②“Tommy，run！Be quick！The house is on fire！” the mother shouted，with______ clearly in her voice. (2011·湖北，21)A．anger B．rudeness C．regret D．panic完成句子③Only recently，when she began to write Growing Up Again，________ ________ ________ (她才后悔忽略了她妈妈)，“I don't know how to use a computer，”she admits. (2012·湖南·阅读理解B)`④十分抱歉，那工作已经有人做了。
I_____ _____ ___the job has been filled.⑤她为自己发了脾气而深感后悔。
She deeply ______ ______ ______ ______.用所给动词的适当形式填空①I regret _________________(break) your glass；I will buy a new one for you.②I regret_________________(tell) you that you can’t pass the examination.③I regret_________________(disturb) you so long.4. thanks to由于；幸亏；因为(教材原句)Thanks to his research，he UN has moretools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.由于他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的方法。
联想拓展表示“因为；由于”的短语还有：because of，owing to，due to，on account of，result from，as a result (of)，for one’s sake，for the sake of sb等。