阅读理解训练题(四十四)

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中考语文-文言文阅读专题练习含答案解析

中考语文-文言文阅读专题练习含答案解析

中考语文-文言文专题练习含答案解析文言文训练1.阅读下面的文段,完成下面小题。

初,权谓吕蒙曰:“御今当涂掌事,不可不学!”蒙辞以军中多务,权曰:“孤岂欲卿治经为博士邪!但当涉猎,见往事耳。

卿言多务,敦若孤?孤常读书,自以为大有所益。

”蒙乃始就学。

及鲁肃过寻阳,与蒙论议,大惊曰:“卿今者才略,非复吴下阿蒙!”蒙曰:“士别三日,即更刮目相待,大兄何见事之晚乎!”肃遂拜蒙母,结友而别。

(《孙权劝学》)30.把“孤岂欲卿治经为博士邪!”翻译成现代汉语。

31.下列对文章的理解和分析,不正确的一项是()A.本文详写了吕蒙学习和鲁肃“与蒙论议”两个片段,通过吕蒙的惊人长进说明了学习的重要性。

B.本文以“肃遂拜蒙母,结友而别”结尾,从侧面表现了孙权劝学的结果以及吕蒙才略的惊人长进。

C.本文善于运用对比,通过“蒙辞以军中多务”与“蒙乃始就学”对比,表现了孙权劝学的成功。

D.本文注重以对话表现人物,对话生动传神,仅寥寥数语,就使人感受到人物说话时的神态和心理。

【答案】30.我难道是想要你研究儒家经典成为传授经书的学官吗?31.A【解析】30.本题考查翻译文言文句子的能力。

解答此类题目尤其要注意一词多义、古今异义词、通假字等特殊的文言现象,重点实词必须翻译到位。

同时,还要注意查看有无特殊句式。

在此题中,要注意“岂(难道)、治经(研究儒家经典)、博士(当时专掌经学传授的学官)”的意思,必须翻译出来。

31.考查对文章内容的理解与分析。

A.本文详写了“孙权劝学”和鲁肃“与蒙论议”两个片段“吕蒙学习”这个片段是略写。

故选A。

【点睛】参考译文:当初,孙权对吕蒙说:“你现在当权掌管政事,不可以不学习!”吕蒙用军中事务繁多的理由来推托。

孙权说:“我难道是想要你研究儒家经典成为传授经书的学官吗?只是应当粗略地阅读,了解历史罢了。

你说军中事务繁多,谁能比得上我呢?我经常读书,(我)自认为(读书对我)有很大的好处。

”吕蒙于是就开始学习。

高考语文检测(四十四)“散文形象概括鉴赏题”专项强化练含答案

高考语文检测(四十四)“散文形象概括鉴赏题”专项强化练含答案

检测(四十四)“散文形象概括鉴赏题”专项强化练阅读下面的文字,完成1~4题。

(25分)高雄素描许知远①从下午到傍晚,高雄一直在下雨,码头边的大风不断把手中的雨伞吹翻了面。

在旗津岛上,我在天后庙中躲雨,在一家叫鸭脚的海鲜店里吃螃蟹,老板祖籍江苏,他的父亲是1949年跟随国民党来台的老兵。

“能统一,”他听说我来自北京后说,“柏林墙两边能统一,海峡两岸为什么不行?”②也是在风雨中,我来到鼓山上游览“打狗”英国领事馆。

“打狗”是原住民的发音,英国人将之拼写成“Takow”,汉字则成了“打狗”。

那是个满是农业气息的台湾,北部的基隆被称作“鸡笼”。

当日本人入侵之后,“Takow”变成了高雄——“Takow”的发音与日文中“高大”“雄伟”的发音近似。

③“打狗”英国领事馆,是台湾卷入英国人争夺海上霸权的遗产。

我坐在露天平台的阳伞下,看着雨打院子里的海棠树叶,红楼旁的一面米字旗,被雨淋湿垂落在那里——帝国的年代早已退却。

④才过下午5点,天已近乎全黑。

狭长的高雄港,静谧祥和,对岸有集装箱的吊臂、亮着灯光的高楼以及观光的摩天轮。

往来于旗津岛和高雄码头间的渡轮内灯光通明,在墨蓝色的海面,它像是个巨型的灯笼,悠然地漂过洋面。

我忘记了,是谁唱过一首《港都夜雨》。

⑤在高雄的捷运站(地铁站)里,我碰到了一个热心的年轻人。

我们正在找高雄县体育馆那一站。

“是在凤山站下,你们是去看林怀民的演出吧,我也去。

”他头发短短的,脸圆圆的,上面青春痘的痕迹尚未褪尽,鼻梁上架一副黑色窄边眼镜,一脸学生的稚气。

⑥在车厢里,他坐在我们对面。

得知我们来自北京后,他的谈兴变得浓烈。

他今年25岁,刚刚从东沙岛服兵役归来,之前他在台北阳明山上的文化大学学习中国古典文学。

而现在,他正准备公务员的考试,他想当一名消防队员。

⑦“我喜欢苏东坡,”他说,“他写诗、旅行、喝酒,还修缮了西湖,活得真是潇洒。

”5年前,他去过江南的苏州与杭州,喜欢那里的小桥、流水和房屋上翘的飞檐,他也发现,上海很现代,比台北的楼更高,灯光更明亮,更富现代气息。

北京高考语文古代诗歌阅读训练题

北京高考语文古代诗歌阅读训练题

古代诗歌阅读阅读下面这首词,完成下面小题。

念奴娇秦观满天风雪,向行人、做出征途模样。

回首家山才咫尺,便有许多离况。

少岁交游,当时风景,喜得重相傍。

一樽谈旧,骊驹【1】门外休唱。

自笑二十年来,扁舟来往,惭愧湖头浪。

献策彤庭【2】身渐老,惟有丹心增壮。

玉洞【3】花光,金城柳眼【4】,何用生凄怆。

为君起舞,惊看豪气千丈。

注释:【1】骊驹:这里指告别歌。

【2】彤庭:指皇宫。

【3】玉洞:岩洞的美称,亦指仙道或隐者的住所。

【4】柳眼:形容初生的柳叶细长柔嫩。

1.下列对这首词的理解与赏析,不正确的一项是()A.上阕先写秦观离开家乡,踏上征途,“满天风雪”也喻仕途艰难。

B.上阕后写秦观喜逢好友,劝酒叙旧,以休唱“骊驹”故作洒脱。

C.下阕表现秦观忠心朝廷,壮心不已,而没有丝毫的气馁与凄怆。

D.秦观是一位婉约派词人,而本词的语言却体现出了豪放的特点。

2.这首词中的“金城柳”,借“桓公叹柳”典故,慨叹光阴易逝,年华易老。

下列写柳的诗句表达的情感,与此最接近一项是()A.灞岸晴来送别频,相偎相倚不胜春。

自家飞絮犹无定,争解垂丝绊路人?(唐·罗隐《柳》)B.碧玉妆成一树高,万条垂下绿丝绦。

不知细叶谁裁出,二月春风似剪刀。

(唐·贺知章《咏柳》)C.乱条犹未变初黄,倚得东风势便狂。

解把飞花蒙日月,不知天地有清霜。

(宋·曾巩《咏柳》)D.颜色鲜明能几时,未辞黄叶已辞枝。

都缘爱管闲离别,多恨多愁故早衰。

(宋·李静独《柳》)3.词中秦观的“自笑”蕴含了怎样的情感?请结合全词赏析。

阅读下面这首词,完成下面小题水调歌头·把酒对斜日杨炎正①把酒对斜日,无语问西风。

胭脂何事,都做颜色染芙蓉。

放眼暮江千顷,中有离愁万斛,无处落征鸿。

天在阑干角,人倚醉醒中。

千万里,江南北,浙西东。

吾生如寄,尚想三径菊花丛。

谁是中州豪杰,借我五湖舟楫②,去作钓鱼翁。

故国且回首,此意莫匆匆。

【注】①杨炎正是一位力主抗金的志士,由于南宋统治者推行投降政策,他的才能、抱负得不到施展。

江西省南昌市进贤县达标名校2025年秋学期初三期终调研考试卷语文试题卷含解析

江西省南昌市进贤县达标名校2025年秋学期初三期终调研考试卷语文试题卷含解析

江西省南昌市进贤县达标名校2025年秋学期初三期终调研考试卷语文试题卷注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、积累与运用1.下列选项中有两个错别字的一项是( )A.声情并茂大兵压竟血脉相成世外桃园诀择B.一如即往侃侃而谈举棋不定蜜不可分急躁C.大言不惭心有灵犀锲而不舍光宗耀祖娴熟D.后悔莫急五采缤纷万般无奈丝丝入扣署光2.《水浒传》中的人物和情节对应不正确的一项是()A.鲁达——大闹野猪林B.林冲——雪夜上梁山C.武松——威镇清风寨D.宋江——智取无为军3.下列关于文学作品内容、常识的表述,不完全正确的一项是A.我们学过刘禹锡的《陋室铭》、杜甫的《茅屋为秋风所破歌》、范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》,其中“铭”、“歌”、“记”都是古代的一种文体。

B.语文让我们结识了诸多名家名篇:鲁迅·《故乡》(小说),司马迁·《史记》(史书),朱自清·《绿》(散文),莫泊桑·《我的叔叔于勒》(小说),莎士比亚·《威尼斯商人》(戏剧),雨果·《给巴特勒的信》(书信),诸葛亮·《出师表》(奏章)。

C.与少年鲁迅曾经拥有“百草园”一样,作家萧红在那段自由自在、无忧无虑的童年时代,也曾经拥有一个屋后的“大花园”。

她在散文《呼兰河传》中,写到了自己和祖父在蜂蝶飞舞的后园生活,想干什么就干什么,连鸟儿、虫儿、花儿都听“我”的。

D.苏联作家普里什文从自然景观中感悟到深刻的人生哲理,写出了散文《林中小溪》;中科院院士侯学煜以森林和草原为例,向我们说明了维扩“生态系统”和保持“生态平衡”的重要性。

4.下列加点的成语使用有错误...的一项是( )A.泰州举办老街旅游文化节,各地游客纷至沓来....。

2024版新教材高考英语复习特训卷课下天天练四十四阅读语言运用组合练

2024版新教材高考英语复习特训卷课下天天练四十四阅读语言运用组合练

课下天天练(四十四) 阅读语言运用组合练姓名________ 班级________ 考号________ 时间:40分钟Ⅰ.阅读理解A[2023·湖北十一校联考]One of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away. Rubbish of all kinds is piling up in landfill and polluting our rivers and the ocean. A more recent addition to the list of things we chuck away is e­waste—electronic items that are broken and not recycled. Now solutions are being found to give this stuff a new life.Many millions of tonnes of televisions, phones, and other electronic equipment are discarded each year, partly because it's cheaper to replace them than to fix them, but also because we lack the skills to repair them. A UN report claims the 50 million tonnes of e­waste generated every year will more than double to 110 million tonnes by 2050, making it the fastest growing waste stream in the world.However, there's a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing amount of electrical and electronic junk. The BBC visited a Restart Project in London, which is one of the many projects founded around the world. One of its voluntee rs, Francesco Calo, said that “this project allows you to reduce waste, extend the life of objects, and it helps people who cannot afford to get rid of items that have developed a fault”.As many electronic items contain valuable metals, another idea is e­waste mining. An experiment at the University of New South Wales involves extracting these materials from electronic gadgets. It's thought that doing this could be more profitable than traditional mining. With phones typically containing as many as 60 elements, this could be part of the solution to our appetite for new technology.These projects make total sense—collections of e­waste for recycling are “stagnating or even decreasing” according to Ruediger Kuehr, director of the United Nations University. And in countries where there is no legislation, much ofit just gets dumped. However, the European Union, for example, is trying to tackle the problem by insisting manufacturers should make appliances longer­lasting and supply spare parts for machines for up to 10 years.1.According to the passage, which of the following statements is right?A.People usually choose to repair a broken electronic item.B.UN reports that the number of e­waste generated will nearly double by 2050.C.E­waste will be reduced if mor e projects like Restart Project are launched.D.The e­waste mining can help people who have found a fault to purchase items.2.What does the underlined word in the last paragraph mean?A.Ceasing. B.Increasing.C.Falling. D.Disappearing.3.What can be the best title for the text?A.What is damaging our planet?B.What is significant for e­waste recycling?C.E­waste mining benefits us more.D.New lives are brought to e­waste.4.What is the author's attitude towards the future of the problem?A.He is doubtful about it.B.He is concerned but full of confidence.C.He thinks it's just a piece of cake.D.He supposes there's a long way to go.B[2023·合肥第三次质量检测]Sometime back, after a six­year­old lioness named Magigi repeatedly killed cattle, Botswana authorities caught and moved her into Central Kalahari Game Reserve, far from people. Magigi spent most of her time within the reserve's protective boundaries, but after a year she escaped outside and was shot dead by a farmer. New research Maude and his colleagues have conducted confirms that Magigi's unfortunate story is common for many relocated lions. For decades, wildlife managers in a number of African countries have used such a kind way to deal with lions that repeatedly kill livestock (牲畜). But the new research shows thatafter lions are moved, most continue to kill livestock and endanger villagers' living.Across Africa, lion numbers have fallen by 43 percent in the past two decades, to as few as 23,000 animals today. About 3,000 remain in Botswana. The sharp declines are primarily driven by development—lions now occupy just 8 percent of their historic habitat. With less space set aside for conservation, lions are more frequently coming into contact with humans. These are usually farms, expanding around the edges of the protected areas. The lions eat livestock, which negatively impacts the livelihood of the farmers in these rural areas. Without a proper way to prevent these attacks, the farmers often turn to deadly force, shooting or poisoning the lions, which has resulted in the decrease in lion population.“Rather than trying to move lions,” wildlife conservationist Glyn Maude says, “emphasis should be placed on reducing the chances of lions encountering and killing livestock in the first place.” Many preventative measures are being tested in various African countries, including hiring lion guardians (守卫者) to monitor these big cats, creating lion­proof fences, sending out lion text alerts, and teaching herders to keep livestock aw ay from high­risk areas.5.Why was Magigi moved to the reserve?A.To stop her from being caught.B.To prevent her from killing cattle.C.To get her to stay with her family.D.To train her to get along with people.6.What is the major reason for the decline in the lion population in Africa?A.Illegal wildlife trade.B.Human­lion conflict.C.A natural disaster.D.The lack of food in their habitat.7.What can we infer from Maude's words in the last paragraph?A.Lions will be fenced in to avoid meeting people.B.The relocation of lions has proven to be effective.C.Prevention is the cure for lions' attacking livestock.D.It's impossible for lions to live with humans in harmony.8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Big Cats' Relocation Proving DeadlyB.Lions Was Shot Dead after Attacking a ManC.The Tragic Story of a Magical LionessD.Conservation Status of the African LionⅡ.七选五How to Eat Better for the Planet[2023·沈阳市质量监测]You are environmentally conscious and hungry. Here are answers to all your eco­friendly food questions.Does what I eat have an effect on climate change?Yes. __1__. About one quarter of the planet­warming greenhouse gases are generated by humans each year. That includes raising and harvesting all the plants, animals, and animal products we eat, as well as processing, packaging, and shipping food to markets all over the world.__2__?When forests are cleared to make room for farms and cattle, large stores of carbon are released into the atmosphere, which heats up the planet. Also, fossil (化石) fuels are used to operate farm machinery and ship food around the globe, all of which generate emissions (排放).Which foods have the largest impact?__3__. Cattle accounts for roughly the same amount of emissions as all the cars, t rucks, airplanes, and ships in the world today, while plant­based foods like beans and grains tend to have the smallest effect. Pork, chicken, and eggs are somewhere in the middle.Why does meat have such a big effect on the climate?It's often more efficient to grow crops for humans to eat than it is to grow crops for animals to eat and then turn those animals into food for humans. Aconclusion was reached by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization in 2017. __4__.Is there a simple food choice I can make that would reduce my climate footprint?Consuming less red meat and dairy products will typically have the biggest effect for most people in wealthy countries. A number of studies have concluded that people who eat a meat­heavy diet could reduce their food­related footprint by one third or more by moving to a vegetarian diet. __5__. If you don't want to go that far, just eating less meat and dairy products can reduce emissions.A.Why do we need to change the climateB.The world's food system is responsible for itC.The greenhouse gases have an impact on our foodD.How exactly does food contribute to global warmingE.Giving up dairy products would reduce those emissions even furtherF.On average, it takes about three pounds of grains to raise one pound of meat G.In general, beef and lamb have the biggest climate footprint per gram of protein[答题区]1.________ 2.________ 3.________4.________ 5.________Ⅲ.完形填空[2023·广东七校联考试卷]When living in Los Angeles, I walked my dog every Sunday morning around a lake near my house.Week after week, I saw the same elderly woman sitting at the edge of the __1__ with a small metal cage next to her.My __2__ finally got the best of me and I __3__ the woman one day. I noticed that it was __4__ a small trap and that she had three small turtles in it. In her lap, there was a fourth turtle that she was carefully __5__ down with a sponge.I greeted her and asked what she did with these turtles every week. Smiling, she explained that she was cleaning their shells because any seaweed that __6__ on aturtle’s shell reduces its __7__ to absorb heat and slows down their swimming.I was __8__ as the woman continued,“I do this every Sunday morning, or life­threatening __9__ might appear.”“But don't most turtles live t heir __10__ lives with seaweed on their shells?”I asked. The woman agreed that was the __11__,I replied,“Well then, you are __12__ to do this, but most turtles don't have people around to help them with this.” The woman laughed as she looked __13__ down at the small turtle.“Young man, to the world I may be one person, but to this little turtle I am the world.”Indeed, though you may not be able to change the world or __14__ everyone, you can still make a big __15__ in one person's life. Never choose to not do anything just because you can't do everything.1.A.field B.courtC.water D.cliff2.A.pity B.anxietyC.curiosity D.responsibility3.A.inspired B.assistedC.contacted D.approached4.A.naturally B.normallyC.originally D.actually5.A.wiping B.turningC.breaking D.pressing6.A.builds up B.brings upC.sets out D.hands out7.A.risk B.costC.burden D.ability8.A.relieved B.impressedC.embarrassed D.disappointed9.A.types B.placesC.conditions D.movements10.A.early B.entireC.energetic D.extraordinary11.A.magic B.realityC.purpose D.experience12.A.police B.clumsyC.considerate D.ridiculous13.A.gently B.proudlyC.nervously D.strangely14.A.know B.loveC.own D.help15.A.deal B.differenceC.fortune D.decision[答题区]1~5 ________ 6~10 ________11~15 ________Ⅳ.语法填空[2023·济南市针对性训练]Restorers are working on the Jiankou section of the Great Wall, 1.________ (build) during the Ming Dynasty, and the job is intense—these workers are risking their lives.The Jiankou section sits on the top of the mountain to 2.________ vehicles have no access. Just getting to the twelve­m ile section 3.________ (take) forty minutes, and things don't get 4.________ (easy) when the workers arrive at the destination. Where the floors aren't flat, they need to drag supplies to reach the right spot. The trip to the site is so challenging 5.________ repairers can only carry basic tools and reach the wall's sides from the top. One worker will tie a rope around his waist, while 6.________ holds on from above. With such a far drop down, surviving a fall would be 7.________ matter of luck.8.________ (keep) to historical accuracy, restorers either use old, fallen bricks or make new ones using the same materials as the originals. Repairs 9.________ (be) on since 2005, but under such conditions, it hasn't been a quick and easy task. Despite the drawn­ou t process, Dong Yaohui, vice president of the China Great WallSociety, is proud that the work is about the 10.________ (preserve) of the wall—not just making money.[答题区]1.________ 2.________ 3.________4.________ 5.________ 6.________7.________ 8.________ 9.________10.________课下天天练(四十四)阅读语言运用组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解A语篇类型:说明文主题语境:人与自然——环境保护——解决电子垃圾的方法【语篇解读】该文介绍了电子垃圾问题及其解决方法。

高考英语阅读理解-环保低碳

高考英语阅读理解-环保低碳

2. What do the astronomers complain about? A. Meteor showers occur less often than before. B. Their observation equipment is in poor repair. C. Light pollution has remained unsolved for years. D. Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting
2. Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from? A. The grass-roots level. B. The business circle. C. Government officials. D. ity professors.
根据题干katyjandaswords可知是对第三段中引号里面的内容进行概括考生大多会觉得引号里面的内容很难理解但其后的可知是对第三段中引号里面的内容进行概括考生大多会觉得引号里面的内容很难理解但其后的inotherwords告诉我们可以直接去理解告诉我们可以直接去理解inotherwordsoldhabitsdiehardeveninthebestdesignedecohome旧的习惯很难消除甚至在设计得很好的生态房屋里面旧的习惯很难消除甚至在设计得很好的生态房屋里面这跟选项atheimportanceofchangingbuildingusershabits改变房屋使用者习惯是重要的为同义转换
环保低碳
(四十一) 1. According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ____.

2023-2024学年度学科素养测评八年级语文试题

2023-2024学年度学科素养测评八年级语文试题总分:120分考试时间:120分钟一、积累与运用(36分)1.诗文默写。

(10分)(1)式微式微,胡不归?微君之故,?(《诗经·邶风·式微》)(2)青青子衿,。

纵我不往,?(《诗经·郑风·子衿》)(3),波撼岳阳城。

(孟浩然《望洞庭湖赠张丞相》)(4)夹岸数百步,中无杂树,,。

(陶渊明《桃花源记》)(5)伐竹取道,下见小潭,。

(柳宗元《小石潭记》)(6)东山的糜子西山的谷,。

(7)王勃《送杜少府之任蜀州》诗中“,”两句与高适《别董大》诗中“莫愁前路无知己,天下谁人不识君”的意境相似。

2.阅读下面一段文字,按要求答题。

(6分)立春过后,大地渐渐从沉睡中苏醒过来。

冰雪róng化,草木萌发,各种花次第开放。

再过两个月,燕子piān然归来。

不久,布谷鸟也来了。

于是转入炎热的夏季,这是植物孕育果实的时期。

到了秋天,果实成熟,植物的叶子渐渐变黄,在秋风中簌簌.地落下来。

北雁南飞,活跃在田间草际的昆虫也都销声匿迹。

到处呈现一片衰草连天的景象,准备迎接风雪载.途的寒冬。

(1)给加点的字注音,根据拼音写出汉字。

(4分)簌簌.()风雪载.途()piān()然归来冰雪róng()化(2)说说“销声匿迹”一词在文中的意思。

(2分)3.下列句中加点的词语使用有误的一项是()(2分)A.陕北的汉族民俗舞蹈安塞腰鼓,表演可由几人或上千人一同进行,磅礴的气势,精湛的表现力使人叹为观止....,被称为天下第一鼓。

B.据说,云南省广南县有个坝美村,整个村子四面环山,进出村子就靠着村头村尾的两个天然的石灰熔岩水洞,恍如世外桃源....。

C.阿西莫夫认为,造成恐龙灭绝的原因不是火山活动,而应该是撞击,这个观点一经提出,“火山说”的理论随即戛然而止....。

D.小小灯笼,不只是孩童的玩具和节日喜庆的象征,也凝聚了浓浓的亲情,诉说着人情世...故.,记录着岁月的沧桑。

2024-2025学年河北省石家庄市四十四中七年级上学期10月月考语文试题

2024-2025学年河北省石家庄市四十四中七年级上学期10月月考语文试题1. 【课文学习锦囊】阅读下面文字,回答后面的问题。

亲爱的同学们,祝贺你们开启七年级的语文阅读之旅——在朱自清的春天里,“山(lǎng rùn)起来了,水涨起来了”,我们需要按照正确的方法朗读课文,品味其中优美的语句;笔下域内狭窄、域外宽敞..的济南,“有山有水,念在蓝天下很暖和(ān shì)地睡着,只等春风来把他们唤醒”,我们需要体会其中运用的修辞手法及表达效果;刘湛秋对雨的四季的描写,我们需要自主阅读,自己去体会春雨的清新、甜美,夏雨的热烈、粗犷..同学们,在这段旅途中,我们当循序渐进,增益知识,提高能力。

(1)根据文段中的拼音写出相应的词语。

①(lǎng rùn)___________________ ②(ān shì)___________________(2)文段中加点词语的读音,正确的一项是()A.宽敞(kuān chǎng)粗犷(cū guǎng)B.宽敞(kuān chang)粗犷(cū guǎng)C.宽敞(kuān chang)粗犷(cū kuàng)D.宽敞(kuān chǎng)粗犷(cū kuàng)(3)请在文段横线处填入相应的作者的名字。

(4)文段中加波浪线的部分,运用了什么修辞手法,有何表达效果?2. 【写作学习锦囊】阅读下面文字,回答后面的问题。

在实际生活里养成精密观察跟认识的习惯,是一种准备工夫。

不为写文章,这样的习惯本来也得养成。

(甲)养成了,(乙)对于写文章太有用处了。

你想,咱们常常写些记叙文章,讲到某些东西,叙述某些事情,不是全都依靠观察跟认识吗?人家说咱们的记叙文章写得好,又正确又周到。

推究到根底,不是因为观察跟认识好才写得好吗?(摘自叶圣陶《拿起笔来之前》,有删改)(1)文段中甲、乙两处应填入的关联词语,最恰当的一项是()A.只有就B.如果那么C.即使也D.不但而且(2)叶圣陶写这段文字的主要用意是什么?3. 【古诗词学习锦囊】阅读下面文字,在横线上填写相应的句子。

海底两万里 阅读理解

《海底两万里》阅读练习题一、章节内容(一)飞逝的巨礁:1866年起,出现了一件大怪事。

海洋中发现一个庞然大物,就像飞逝的巨礁,多艘航船莫名其妙的被撞裂了。

公众坚决要求把着头怪物从海洋里清除掉。

(二)赞成与反对:对怪物主要有两派看法,一派认为是一种力大无穷的怪物,另一派则认为是一艘动力强大的“海下船”。

我(法国巴黎自然史博物馆教授阿罗纳克斯)认为,怪物是一种力量大得惊人的“独角鲸”。

美国海军部组织了一艘名为亚伯拉罕林肯号的快速驱逐舰,准备去清除“怪物”。

我应邀随行。

(三)随先生尊便:我的仆人孔塞伊不假思索的说:“随先生尊便。

”跟我一同上了以法拉格特为舰长的驱逐舰。

驱逐舰从布鲁克林码头扬帆起锚,向大西洋全速前进。

(四)内德.兰德:舰长和全体海员同仇敌忾,决心一定要捕获独角鲸。

只有加拿大人捕鲸手内德兰德对独角鲸的存在表示怀疑。

(五)向冒险迎去:舰只在太平洋上游弋。

大家的眼睛睁得大大的,努力地观察海面。

三个月过去了,海员们开始泄气了,开始怀疑自己这次搜寻行动的意义。

半年后,海员们要求返航。

舰长许诺最后搜寻三天,三天后如果还无结果就将回去。

到了规定期限的最后时刻,一向无动于衷的内德兰德突然喊叫起来,他发现了怪物。

(六)全速前进:林肯号企图捕获独角鲸,而独角鲸却若无其事地同林肯号捉迷藏。

经过一夜一天的追逐周旋,到第二天晚上,双方形成对峙。

当林肯号向独角鲸发起进攻时,独角鲸却突然熄灭电光,向林肯号喷射大水。

林肯号遭遇了灭顶之灾。

(七)不知其种属的鲸鱼:我被抛入海里,与孔塞伊在海中相依为命。

正当筋疲力尽就要沉入海底时,被躲在独角鲸背上的内德.兰德拉出水面。

内德说,这怪物不是鲸,是钢制的。

我这才断定它是一艘潜水艇。

我们在艇顶苟延残喘。

天亮时,艇盖掀开,八个壮汉出来,把我们拖进艇里去。

(八)动中之动:我们三人被关进一间黑屋子。

半小时后,突然眼前一亮,进来两个人。

我们用法语、英语、德语和拉丁文进行自我介绍,对方均无反应。

语文高考专题强化训练44科普文章阅读含答案

专题强化训练(四十四)科普文章阅读阅读下面的文字,完成1~4题。

人的眼睛——无与伦比的精密相机当神创论者挑战进化论时,人眼的进化是他们常常瞄准的好靶子,这个足以令高端相机望尘莫及的人体构造,精密得令进化论鼻祖达尔文“直打冷战”。

它拥有可自动调节光圈(瞳孔)和自动对焦系统(晶状体),内面(脉络膜)能最大程度地避免光线四处散射,不仅如此,它的底片(视网膜)灵敏度超高,不论在白天和夜晚都能捕捉影像,无需临时更改感光度,也不用外加滤镜;它还自带Photoshop功能(神经网络),成像之后迅速增强图像反差、调整颜色……奇特的是,不论视网膜还是角膜,单独看来都没有任何作用,达尔文理论中那碰运气似的突变和自然选择是如何将这些七零八碎的部件同时拼凑在一起的?今天的这套人眼精密仪器同万年前相比又做了哪些微调呢?地球上生命痕迹刚出现的时候,大部分时间都过着不见天光的日子。

后来单个感光细胞在生物体表面出现了,于是世界变明亮了。

有的科学家说,这件事大约发生在5亿4千万年前的寒武纪。

在进化路上,生物相当随遇而安,不需最好,只要够用。

这种知足的性格使得眼睛若干中间产物得以作为不同生物的终点保留下来。

达尔文在《物种起源》中将各种生物的眼睛从简单到复杂排成一列,便大致推测出眼睛进化的历程。

例如,某些单细胞生物只有一些可以感受光的蛋白,它们见到光就心满意足;有的生物只有一洼小小的眼窝,然而你已经能从这个简单的聚光工具看出高级眼睛的端倪,这些生物只要不撞上前进路上的障碍物就能高兴地活着;高等生物的生存却容不得它们将猎物与敌手看混,于是各自进化出一系列结构,来将世界看清楚,鹦鹉螺和人眼便呈现了两种不同的策略。

前者将眼睛的开口缩小,使它变成一架“针孔照相机”,从而让光准确到达感光细胞,眼前的物体就能边界清晰,在它们这个群体内,估计该是“眼小为美”;但是人类并不甘心采取这种舍弃光强获取清晰度的措施,而另走了一条迂回之道,我们这一进化分支的祖先在眼窝前塞进一个透镜——晶状体,它同样能把光线汇聚到视网膜,却赋予了我们一个比鹦鹉螺明亮许多的世界。

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阅读理解训练题(四十四)AWhen he took office, George W. Bush, son of former president George Herbert Walker Bush, became the first son to follow his father into the White House since John Quincy Adams followed John Adams in the early 19th century.Bush was born on July 6, 1946, in New Haven, Connecticut, the first child of George Herbert Walker Bush and Barbara Pierce Bush. Although George Herbert Walker Bush began his career in the oil industry, he finally served as a congressman(国会议员),and vice(副的)president and president of the United States.At the age of two, Bush moved with his parents from Connecticut to Odessa, Texas, where his father took up the oil business. After a year in Texas, the family moved to California for business reasons. A year later, the family returned to Texas and settled in Midland, where Bush lived from 1950 to 1959.In 1959, again for business reasons, the family moved to Houston, Texas. In 1961 Bush left Texas and went to Andover, Massachusetts, to attend Phillips Academy, a boarding(寄宿)school that his father had also attended.At Phillips, Bush played basketball, baseball, and football. He was best known for being head cheerleader. In 1964 he enrolled at Yale University in Connecticut; his father and grandfather had also attended Yale. At Yale, Bush was considered an average student, but he was popular with his classmates.Bush graduated from Yale with a bachelor’s degree in history in 1968. Then he joined the Air National Guard and remained in the Guard until 1973. After earning his MBA form Harvard in 1975, Bush returned to Midland. Like his father, he first entered the oil industry as a “landsman”.However, Bush’s oil companies never enjoyed great success. He took more interest in politics. He helped his father to become president and in 1994 he himself was elected governor of Texas.In the summer of 1999, Bush began to run for the president of the USA and on January 20,2001, George W. Bush, hand raised, took the oath(宣誓)of office to become the 43rd president of the US.56.What does the writer intend to tell us in the first paragraph?A.George W. Bush is the first son in American history to follow his father into the White House.B.George W. Bush is the first son of former president George Herbert Walker Bush.C.John Quincy Adams and his father were both former American presidents.D.George W. Bush is the second one in American history to follow his father into the White House. 57.We may learn from the text that young Bush .A.got on very well at the universities B.was very good at basketball, baseball and footballC.did everything as his father had done D.is a very successful politician like his father 58.From the year when Bush was two to the year 1959, the Bush family moved in all.A.three times B.four times C.five times D.six times 59.Which of the following is NOT true about George W. Bush?A.Young Bush lived with his family in Texas from 1948 to 1961.B.He once studied at a university that his father and grandfather had also attended.C.He once ruled over an American state before he entered the White House.D.He once served at the Air National Guard for about five years.BEverything you need, nothing you don’t! Since 193260.“The Bay Motel”is most probably .A.a hotel specially for traveling motoristsB.a traditional hotel that is near to a beautiful bayC.a nice hotel that provides everything the customers needD.a large hotel that provides the best service but charges the least61.It can be learned from the two advertisements that .A.aged travelers will usually choose the Welcome InnB.guests in the Bay Motel only pay a little for parkingC.wise travelers always put up at the Welcome InnD.guests in the Welcome Inn can have food or drinks in their rooms62.The most possible reason why the Bay Motel is cheaper than the Welcome Inn is that .A.it has been open for only a few years B.it is not in the center of the cityC.it has a parking place D.it has more roomsCOn hearing the words“Just do it!”, you will know there is a Nike product nearby. If i t’s “Always Coca-Cola”, you can be sure someone wants to sell you a refreshing drink.An advertising slogan is to a brand what eyes are to a person. The slogan helps people understand the brand better by telling them what it wants to sell to its customers. Good slogans leave a message inside people’s minds. It’s almost certain that every brand has a popular slogan.Here are a few examples:“Just do it!”—This slogan speaks out to teens. It tells them to do something, but only if they think it’s worth it. And if so, why not do it wearing Nike?“Always Coca-Cola.”—Coke’s slogans change every few years, but this one has enjoyed a lasting popularity because it shows the brand’s spirit. It seems to say“Coke is the only drink there is; there are no other forms of drinks.”“Share moments, share life.”—This slogan from Kodak connects photos and beauty. It asks people to remember the happy moments in life by taking photos of them —using Kodak film of course!63.What would be the best title for the text?A.Just Do It! B.Slogan And BrandC.Famous Slogans D.What Is A Good Slogan?64.Which of the following can best explain the underlined sentence(paragraph 2)?A.A good advertising slogan should draw people’s at tention.B.A brand should have an advertising slogan just as people have eyes.C.An advertising slogan is as important to a brand as eyes are to a person.D.An advertising slogan acts as the eyes of a brand.65.The word “them” in the last paragraph refe rs to .A.people B.the happy moments C.photos and beauty D.Kodak films 66.Which of the following tables can best match the slogans with their brands?C DDLondon Thursday July 26(Reuters)—Ian Johnstone missed his girlfriend so much that he flew back to Britain from Australia to propose to her. The problem is that she flew in the opposite direction.He and Amy Dolby even managed to miss each other when they sat in the same airport waiting-room in Singapore at the same time to wait for connecting flights.Dolby, heartbroken when she arrived at Johnstone’s Sydney apartment to find he had flown to London, told the Times: “It was as though someone was playing a cruel joke on us. He is the most romantic person I have ever known. I think our problem is that we are both quite impulsive (冲动的)people. We are always trying to surprise each other.”After an 11,000-mile flight across the globe, she was greeted by Johnstone’s astonished flat mate asking what she was doing there.“The terrible truth dawned when I found that Ian’s rucksack and most of his clothes were missing. I sat on the end of his bed and cried my eyes out. And that really annoyed me,” she said.Johnstone, a 27—year—old bricklayer, had taken a year off to travel round Australia. But he was missing Dolby, a 26—year—old secretary, so much he got a job on a Sydney building site and started saving for a surprise.He then flew home to Britain and went to her apartment armed with an engagement ring, champagne and flowers.“I really missed Amy and I’d been thinking about her all the time. I thought she was winding me up when she phoned me from Australia,”he said.Johnstone then asked Dolby to marry him on the phone. “I didn’t know whether to laugh or cry but I accepted, ”she said.Dolby was given a short tour of Sydney by Johnstone’s friends and Johnstone had to stay in Britain for two weeks because he could not change his ticket.67.It can be learned from the text that .A.Johnstone got a job in Sydney so that he could start saving money for a surprise to DolbyB.Dolby was heartbroken because someone was playing a cruel joke on herC.Dolby was greeted by Johnstone’s flat mat e at the airport.D.Dolby was not so impulsive as Johnstone68.According to the text, it seemed that .A.Johnstone and Dolby could have seen each other in the same airport waiting-room in Singapore.B.the couple pretended not to see each other in the same airport waiting-room in Singapore C.the young lovestruck couple had both intended to propose to each otherD.Dolby stayed longer in Sydney than Johnstone stayed in Britain69.When Johnstone asked her to marry him on the phone, Dolby didn’t know whether to laugh or cry because she had a mixed feeling of .A.love, hatred and nervousness B.excitement, anger and shynessC.cheer, regret and annoyance D.happiness, surprise and sadness 70.Which of the following shows the right order of what happened in the story?a.Johnstone flew back to Britain to propose to his girlfriend, Amy Dolby.b.Johnstone started working at a Sydney building site.c.Johnstone went to Amy’s apartment in Britain with an engagement ring.d.Johnstone proposed to Dolby over the phone.e.They were waiting for their connecting flight in the airport lounge in Singapore.f.Dolby called Johnstone from Australia.EThe group of tourists walking through Stockholm’s old street never knew what hit them. As they admired Swedish art works in a storefront window, one of their mobile phones chirped(唧唧叫)with an anonymous(匿名的)note:“Try the blue sweaters. They keep you warm in the winter.”The tourist had just been“bluejacked”—secretly sent a text message using short-range wireless technology called Bluetooth.The more people get Bluetooth-enabled mobile phones—both sender and receiver need them for this to work—the more there is likely to be mischievous(恶作剧的)messaging.Websites are already offering tips on bluejacking, and collections of astonished reactions quickly turn up on the Internet. One site, www, bluejackq. com, was set up by a British teenager.“I bluejacked three or four people,” says 13-year-old Ellie in UK, who runs the site and makesbluejacking a daily affair. Bluetooth has a range of about nine metres. Ellie used it to send a note to a man in a cafe asking how his coffee was and saying that she liked his wife’s glasses.Ellie says he looked here and there to try to figure out where the message came from, even sending text messages back and forth with his wife, but to no avail.Bluetooth is fast becoming more common on new mobile phones, though Forrester Researchsays at present only 9 per cent of phones in Europe have such a function.The technology is handy for people wanting to use wireless headsets with their phones or forsending data by phone to Bluetooth-enabled printers.When Bluetooth is activated(激活), it seeks out other equipped mobile phones by itself andsets up a link. Bluetooth phones can be set to block anonymous messaging, but people who carry them don’t necessarily know that.71.What is mainly discussed in the text?A.The meaning of the word“bluejack”B.The technology called BluetoothC.Anonymous messages D.Tips on bluejacking.72.When a tourist was“bluejacked”,he or she might .A.receive an anonymous and often mischievous messageB.send others a text message using short-range wireless technology called BluetoothC.be persuaded to buy a blue sweaterD.get a Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone73.We may learn from the text that .A.with Bluetooth-enabled mobile phones people can send anonymous notes to friends far awayB.13-year-old Ellie makes bluejacking to earn some money by advertisingC.not many people in Europe now carry Bluetooth mobile phonesD.It’s not easy for activated Bluetooth to set up a link with other equipped mobile phones 74.People often receive anonymous messages though they don’t want to because.A.Without a reply B.Of no use.C.No problem. D.No signal.75.People often receive anonymous messages though they don’t want to because.A.many of them probably don’t know how to block such messagesB.it’s not necessary for people to know how to block such messagesC.their phones are not able to block anonymous messagingD.it’s just impossible for people to reject any messages阅读理解训练题(四十四)答案56-60DDBAA 61-65DBBCB 66-70DAACC 71-75BACBA。

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