美国大学英语写作6
美国大学英语写作第九版课后答案page103
美国大学英语写作第九版课后答案page1031、Every morning John takes a（）to his office. [单选题] *A. 20-minutes' walkB. 20 minute ' walkC. 20-minutes walkD. 20-minute walk(正确答案)2、一Mary wants to invite you to see the movie today. 一I would rather she（B）me tomorrow. [单选题] *A.tellsB. told (正确答案)C. would tellD. had told3、I couldn’t find Peter,_____did I know where he had gone. [单选题] *A.nor(正确答案)B.eitherC.neverD.as4、He kept walking up and down, which was a sure（）that he was very worried. [单选题] *A. sign(正确答案)B. characterC. natureD. end5、I should like to rent a house which is modern, comfortable and _____, in a quiet neighborhood. [单选题] *A.in allB. after allC. above all(正确答案)D. over all6、On Easter children _______ eggs around the house. [单选题] *A. hunt for(正确答案)B. send forC. prepare forD. ask for7、90．—I want to go to different places, but I don’t know the ________. —A map is helpful, I think. [单选题] *A．price(正确答案)B．timeC．wayD．ticket8、Actually, we don't know whether this news comes from a reliable（）or not. [单选题] *A. source(正确答案)B. originC. basisD. base9、The red jacket is _______ than the green one. [单选题] *A. cheapB. cheapestC. cheaper(正确答案)D. more cheap10、Ordinary books, _________ correctly, can give you much knowledge. [单选题] *A. used(正确答案)B. to useC. usingD. use11、We must try hard to make up for the lost time. [单选题] *A. 弥补(正确答案)B. 利用C. 抓紧D. 浪费12、Tony can _______ the guitar.Now he _______ the guitar. [单选题] *A. play; plays(正确答案)B. playing; playingC. plays; is playingD. play; is playing13、Simon does not（）his fellow workers because they often argue over trivial matters. [单选题] *A. get on with(正确答案)B. come up withC. do away withD. go on with14、These two films are very interesting. I like them _____. [单选题] *A. eitherB. neitherC. allD. both(正确答案)15、Almost every one of us could see her anxiety from the（）on her face. [单选题] *A. appearanceB. feelingC. movementD. expression(正确答案)16、It’s reported that there are more than 300?_______ smokers in China. [单选题] *A. million(正确答案)B. millionsC. million ofD. millions of17、The soldiers were_____of running away when the enemy attacked. [单选题] *A.chargedB.accused(正确答案)C.scoldedD.estimated18、She is a girl, _______ name is Lily. [单选题] *A. whose(正确答案)B. whoC. whichD. that19、I could ______ control my feelings and cried loudly when I heard the bad news. [单选题] *A. hardly(正确答案)B. ?reallyC. clearlyD. nearly20、Mr. Bliss became the first person to die in a car accident. [单选题] *A. 事故(正确答案)B. 竞赛C. 检阅D. 交易21、Lily is a very_____person and never wastes anything. [单选题] *A.generousB.economical(正确答案)C.economicD.efficient22、( ) The salesgirls in Xiushui Market have set a good example______us in learning English. [单选题] *A. to(正确答案)B. forC. withD. on23、The museum is _______ in the northeast of Changsha. [单选题] *A. sitB. located(正确答案)C. liesD. stand24、---Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?---Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ____you to your room. [单选题] *A. show(正确答案)B. showsC. to showD. showing25、I think you should buy this novel. It is really worth _____. [单选题] *A. reading(正确答案)B. being readC. readD. to read26、I took?some _______of the Great Wall?in China last year. [单选题] *A. potatoesB. tomatoesC. photos(正确答案)D. paintings27、What lovely weather,（）? [单选题] *A.is itB. isnt it(正确答案)C. does itD.doesn’t it28、（）of the twins was arrested because I saw them both at a party last night. [单选题] *A. NoneB. BothC. Neither(正确答案)D. All29、92．China is a big country ________ a long history. [单选题] *A．hasB．haveC．with(正确答案)D．there is30、We had ____ wonderful lunch last Saturday. [单选题] *A. /B. theC. oneD. a(正确答案)。
美国大学英语写作
美国大学英语写作My college experience has been a truly transformative journey. I came to the United States for higher education expecting a whole new world of learning and cultural experiences. Now, as I prepare to graduate from college, I can confidently say that the entire process of this journey was worth it.From my freshman year, I knew that I wanted to pursue an education in the field of English literature. After much research and consideration, I chose to enroll in an American university with an honors program in my desired specialty. As a first-generation student, I was surprised by the level of dedication and commitment I had to invest in order to reach my academic goals. The classes I took covered a wide range of topics, from classical works of literature to modern theories in literary criticism. Through the course of my studies, I developed a strong sense of critical thinking, enhanced my research skills, and acquired a deep understanding of the English language.What truly distinguished my college experience is its emphasis on writing. During my four years at university, I was consistently challenged to develop my writing skills in both academic and creative realms. I wrote numerous essays, from argumentative essays to personal reflections. I also experimented with diverse styles of writing, including fiction and poetry. My professors continuously encouraged me to explore different types of writing and use these forms to express my ideas and opinions.I further developed my writing ability through the practice of peer review and the editing of other students’ work. This form ofcollaborative learning helped me improve my written communication and taught me how to cultivate an effective writing style.My college experience has enabled me to become a more thoughtful writer as well as an educated individual. I am grateful for the opportunity to pursue my passion and grow as a person. This journey will serve as a lifelong reminder of the importance of hard work and perseverance.。
美国大学英语写作文档
美国大学英语写作文档Certainly, I will provide you with an English essay on the topic of "English Writing at American Universities" without any extraneous punctuation marks in the body of the text. Please note that the word count of the essay will be greater than 1000 words as requested.The English Writing Experience at American UniversitiesAmerican universities are renowned for their rigorous academic standards and the high quality of education they provide students from around the world. A crucial component of this educational experience is the emphasis placed on developing strong English writing skills. Whether pursuing a degree in the sciences, humanities, or a professional field, students at American universities are required to demonstrate proficiency in academic writing throughout their course of study.The importance of effective English writing cannot be overstated in the context of American higher education. From the moment students step onto campus, they are immersed in an environment that values clear, concise, and well-organized written communication. This emphasis on writing proficiency is rooted in the recognition thatthe ability to articulate ideas, analyze information, and make persuasive arguments is essential for success not only in the classroom but also in the professional world beyond graduation.To this end, most American universities require incoming students to complete one or more introductory-level writing courses designed to establish a strong foundation in the fundamentals of academic writing. These courses typically cover a range of topics, including the structure and organization of essays, the use of evidence to support claims, the incorporation of outside sources, and the development of a unique and effective writing style.Beyond these foundational writing courses, students at American universities are expected to apply and refine their writing skills across a diverse array of academic disciplines. Whether crafting research papers, policy briefs, or creative narratives, students must demonstrate a command of the conventions and best practices associated with the particular genre of writing required in each course.This emphasis on writing proficiency is not limited to individual courses but is often woven throughout the entire curriculum. Many degree programs, for example, require students to complete a senior thesis or capstone project, which serves as a culminating demonstration of their ability to conduct in-depth research,synthesize complex information, and communicate their findings in a clear and compelling manner.The benefits of this rigorous approach to English writing instruction at American universities are manifold. By honing their writing skills, students not only improve their academic performance but also develop critical thinking abilities, enhance their problem-solving skills, and cultivate a deeper understanding of the subjects they are studying. Moreover, the ability to communicate effectively in writing is highly valued by employers across a wide range of industries, making graduates of American universities well-positioned to succeed in the professional world.However, the road to achieving writing proficiency at American universities is not without its challenges. Many students, particularly those from non-English-speaking backgrounds, may struggle with the nuances of academic writing, such as the appropriate use of citations, the construction of persuasive arguments, and the development of a cohesive and coherent writing style.To address these challenges, American universities have implemented a range of support services and resources to assist students in developing their writing skills. This can include one-on-one tutoring sessions, writing workshops, peer review opportunities, and access to comprehensive writing guides and style manuals. Byleveraging these resources, students can gain the necessary skills and confidence to excel in the demanding world of academic writing.In conclusion, the emphasis on English writing at American universities is a hallmark of the educational experience, preparing students not only for success in the classroom but also for the challenges they will face in their future careers. Through a combination of rigorous coursework, dedicated support services, and a commitment to cultivating strong communication skills, American universities are equipping their students with the tools they need to thrive in an increasingly globalized and interconnected world.。
大学英语六级历年真题2021年6月13日全国大学英语六级写作真题及答案
大学英语六级历年真题2021年6月13日全国大学英语六级写作真题及答案2021年6月13日全国大学英语六级写作真题及答案第一篇：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.” You can give one example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.命题分析本题要求评论英国教士Thomas Fuller的一句名言：“知识是一种财富，但实践是打开资产投资的钥匙。
”并要求可以给出一个或两个例子来阐述你的观点。
显而易见，本题理论知识与实践技能之间的关系，这是雅思(课程) 文学创作反复考察过的话题。
写作思路解析1、本题首段应该通过理论知识与实践技能之间的亲密关系引出主题；2、第二段可以进行举例论证，列举自己参加全职打工、志愿者活动等亲身经验证明实践技能的重要性；3、尾段可以进行归纳结论中后或提出建议措施：一方面我们应该努力积累理论知识，另一方面我们应该积极培养自己的实践技能。
参考范文：Would you want a doctor to operate on you who has only learned about operations from a textbook? The answer to thisis obviously a resounding “No!” Knowledge gained from b ooks must always be complemented by knowledge gained from actual experience, to be of real value.For me actually practicing a particular action or experiment myself and experiencing the result, leaves a much deeper and lasting impression than what I get from simply reading or listening. If I read about how to write an essay or listened to someone talk about writing an essay, I still wouldn’t feel that I knew how to write an essay until I wrote one for myself. It is the case, however, that writing the essay would be based on the methods I learned intellectually. The same can be said for other skills, like sports, for example. A person can know all the rules of a game, associated skillsand strategies, but until that person gets on a court with a ball in motion, the theory remains flat, useless.To sum up, as to theoretical knowledge and practical skills, the latter is certainly more important. Just as Briti sh churchman Thomas Fuller put it, “Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.”参考译文一个大夫只学过课本上的手术知识，叫他给你主刀你是否愿？显然，这个问题的答案是一声响亮的“不”。
2023年12月英语六级CET6真题及答案完整版
2023年12月CET6大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析【官方完整版】Part I 写作Writing (30 minutes)Directions: Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation.You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参照范文】It is universally acknowledged that innovation refers to being creative, unique and different. In fact, today it is impossibly difficult for us to image a 21st century without innovation.We should place a high value on innovation firstly because innovative spirit can enable an individual to ameliorate himself, so he can be equipped with capacity to see what others cannot see, be qualified for future career promotion, and be ready for meeting the forthcoming challenges. What’s more, we ought to attach importance to the role played by innovation in economic advancement. Put it another way, in this ever-changing world, innovation to economic growth is what water is to fish. To sum up, if innovation misses our attention in any possible way, we will suffer a great loss beyond imagination.In order to encourage innovation, it is wise for us to take some feasible measures. For example, mass media should greatly publicize the significance of creative spirit and encouragethe public to cultivate awareness of innovation. Besides, those who manage to innovate should be awarded generous prize. Though there is a long way ahead to go, I am firmly certain that the shared efforts will be paid off.【参照译文】众所周知创新意味着有发明力，独一无二和不一样。
美国大学英语写作three passions答案
美国大学英语写作three passions答案1、—______ is it from your home to the bookstore?—About 15 kilometers.（）[单选题] *A. How far(正确答案)B. How muchC. How longD. How many2、My mother and my aunt are both _______. They work in a big supermarket. [单选题] *A. actressesB. doctorsC. salesmenD. saleswomen(正确答案)3、5 He wants to answer the ________ because it is an interesting one. [单选题] * A．problemB．question(正确答案)C．doorD．plan4、I _______ play the game well. [单选题] *A. mustB. can(正确答案)C. wouldD. will5、I passed the test, I _____ it without your help. [单选题] *A.would not passB. wouldn't have passed(正确答案)C. didn't passD.had not passed6、You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of（）. [单选题] *A. dateB. shape(正确答案)C. orderD. balance7、If the trousers are too long, ask the clerk to bring you a shorter _____. [单选题] *A. suitB.setC.oneD.pair(正确答案)8、--Do you know _______ girl with long curly hair?--Yes. She is Mary. She plays _______ piano very well. [单选题] *A. a; /B. the; /C. the; the(正确答案)D. a; the9、My home is about _______ away from the school. [单选题] *A. three hundred metreB. three hundreds metresC. three hundred metres(正确答案)D. three hundreds metre10、“I think you are wonderful,”she said, “You are so patient with your little George.”[单选题] *A. 耐心(正确答案)B. 细心C. 关心D. 偏心11、( ) It tells what is going on ___the county and all____the world. [单选题] *A. across; over(正确答案)B. all; acrossC. in; inD.to; for12、Last week they _______ in climbing the Yuelu Mountain. [单选题] *A. succeeded(正确答案)B. succeedC. successD. successful13、There was a time（）I wondered why I would like to do this boring job. [单选题] *A. whichB. whyC. whereD. when(正确答案)14、Then the speaker _____the various factors leading to the economic crisis. [单选题] *A.went onB.went afterC.went into(正确答案)D.went for15、--The last bus has left. What should we do?--Let’s take a taxi. We have no other _______ now. [单选题] *A. choice(正确答案)B. reasonC. habitD. decision16、He has bought an unusual car. [单选题] *A. 平常的B. 异常的(正确答案)C. 漂亮的D. 废弃的17、The secretary was asked to_____of the waste paper on the desk. [单选题] *A.disappearB.dispose(正确答案)C.declareD.got rid18、21．Design a travel guide for Shanghai! ________ the competition and be the winner! [单选题] *A．JoinB．AttendC．EnterD．Take part in (正确答案)19、Hearing that he had passed _____ health examination, he immediately made _____ call to his parents. [单选题] *A. a; /B. the; /C. the; a(正确答案)D. a; the20、Tom and Mary's house bought last year is（）Lucy, s. [单选题] *A. the three size ofB. three times the size of(正确答案)C. as three times large asD. three times as larger as21、100．The bus can ______ you to the Great Wall. [单选题] *A．leaveB．take(正确答案)C．changeD．spend22、My father and I often go ______ on weekends so I can ______ very well. （）[单选题] *A. swim; swimmingB. swims; swimC. swimming; swimmingD. swimming; swim(正确答案)23、Don’t forget _______ those books when you are free. [单选题] *A. to read(正确答案)B. readingC. readD. to reading24、If you know the answer, _______ your hand, please. [单选题] *A. put up(正确答案)B. put downC. put onD. put in25、Since the war their country has taken many important steps to improve its economic situation. [单选题] *A. 制定B. 提出C. 讨论D. 采取(正确答案)26、Jim, it’s dark now. Please _______ the light in the room. [单选题] *A. turn on(正确答案)B. turn upC. turn offD. turn down27、The famous writer, _____ writings for China Daily I appreciate a lot , is invited to give a speech in our university. [单选题] *A. thatB. whose(正确答案)C. whomD. who28、What lovely weather,（）? [单选题] *A.is itB. isnt it(正确答案)C. does itD.doesn’t it29、Don’t ______. He is OK. [单选题] *A. worriedB. worry(正确答案)C. worried aboutD. worry about30、Study hard, ______ you won’t pass the exam. [单选题] *A. or(正确答案)B. andC. butD. if。
美国大学英语写作(第六版)答案 PART 4
A N S W E R K E YPart Four: Handbook of Sentence Skills23 Subjects and VerbsActivity, 4021. The ripening tomatoes glistened on the sunny windowsill.2. Acupuncture reduces the pain of my headaches.3. Elena twisted a strand of hair around her fingers.4. My brother built his bookshelves from cinder blocks and planks of wood.5. A jackrabbit bounds up to fifteen feet in one leap.6. The singer‘s diamond earrings sparkled in the spotlight.7. My roommate dries her nylons over the lampshade in her bedroom.8. On St. Patrick‘s Day, our neighborhood tavern serves green beer.9. My six-year-old brother survives on a diet of peanut butter and jelly.10. During my parents‘ divorce, I felt like a rag doll being torn between two people.Activity, 4041. A thick layer of dust covers the top of our refrigerator .2. In June, sagging Christmas decorations were still hanging in the windows of the abandoned house.3. The people in the all-night coffee shop seemed weary and lost.4. Every plant in the dim room bent toward the small window.5. A glaring headline about the conviction of a local congressman attracted my attention.6. Two of the biggest stores in the mall are going out of business.7. The modem‘s tiny red lights suddenly started to flicker.8. A neighbor of mine does all her work at home and E-mails it to the office.9. The jar of peppercorns tumbled from the spice shelf and shattered on the floor.10. The scar in the hollow of Brian‘s throat is the result of an emergency operation to clear his windpipe. Review Test, 4051. With one graceful motion, the shortstop fielded the grounder and threw to first base.2. Like human mothers, sheep and goat mothers develop close bonds with their babies.3. Before class, Antoinetta and Jorge rushed to the coffee machine in the hall.4. I shifted uncomfortably on the lumpy mattress before falling into a restless sleep.5. Waiting in the long ticket line, Matt shifted his weight from one foot to the other.6. Ancient Egyptians were brandingcattle more than four thousand years ago.7. Lilacs and honeysuckle perfume our yard on summer nights.8. The driver abruptly halted her Jeep and backed up toward a narrow parking place.9. During the American Revolution, some brides rejected white wedding gowns and wore red as a symbolof rebellion.10. The little girl‘s frantic family called a psychic to locate the child.24 FragmentsNote: For each item the fragment, or that part of the original fragment not changed during correction, is underlined.Activity 1 (Dependent–Word Fragments), 408–409Answers will vary.Activity 2 (Dependent-Word Fragments), 409–4101. Whenever I spray deodorant, my cat arches her back.2. We had a great time playing football in the house until he came home for the weekend.3. If Kim takes too long saying good-bye to her boyfriend, her father will start flicking the porch light.4. Scientists are studying mummified remains that are thousands of years old.5. Before I turn on the microwave oven, I have to turn off the overhead light in the kitchen.Activity 1 (-ing Fragments), 4111. Marble-sized hailstones fell from the sky, flattening the young plants in the cornfield.2. They came to a stop at my house.3. The reason for this is that I am partially deaf.Activity 2 (-ing and to Fragments), 412Answers may vary.1. Looking at the worm on the table, Shelby groaned.2. I put a box of baking soda in the freezer to get rid of the musty smell.3. Staring at the clock on the far wall, I nervously began my speech.4. Fantasizing about the upcoming weekend, Jerome sat quietly at his desk.5. To get to the bus station from here, you have to walk two blocks out of your way.Activity 1 (Added-Detail Fragments), 413–4141. For example, he sees the new movies first.2. And his fingertips are always black, like ink pads.3. Electronic devices, such as video cameras and cell phones, keep getting smaller.Activity 2 (Added-Detail Fragments), 414Methods of correction may vary.1. Left-handed students face problems. For example, they must sit at right-handed desks.2. Mrs. Fields always wears her lucky clothes, such as a blouse printed with four-leaf clovers, to bingo.3. Hundreds of moths were swarming around the stadium lights like large flecks of snow.4. For instance, he buys and sells comic books and movie posters.5. I wonder now why I had to learn certain subjects, such as geometry.Activity (Missing-Subject Fragments), 415–416Answers may vary.1. Then she does fifty sit-ups.2. I like all kinds of pizza but refuse to eat frozen pizza.3. They break out in hives when they eat it, andthey can even have trouble breathing.4. To distract me, the dentist tugged at a corner of my mouth. Thenhe jabbed a needle into my gums andinjected a painkiller.5. Last semester, I took six courses and worked part-time in a discount drugstore.Review Test 1, 4171. C 5. C 9. C13. C 17. C2. F 6. F 10. C14 F 18. C3. F 7. F 11. F15. C 19. F4. C 8. C 12. C16. F 20. CCorrections (methods of correction may vary):2. I‘m starting to think there is no safe place left to ride a bicycle.3. When I try to ride in the highway, in order to go to school, I feel like a rabbit being pursued bypredators.6. Drivers whip past me at high speeds and try to see how close they can get to my bike without actuallykilling me.7. When they pull onto the shoulder of the road or make a right turn, drivers completely ignore my vehicle.11. Regardless of an approaching bike rider, street-side car doors will unexpectedly open.14. Frustrated drivers who are stuck in traffic will make nasty comments or shout out obscene propositions. 16. While jaywalking across the street, the pedestrian will treat me, a law-abiding bicyclist, to a witheringlook of disdain.19. Pedestrians may even cross my path deliberately, as if to prove their higher position in the pecking orderof the city streets.Review Test 2, 4181. We both began to tire as we passed the halfway mark in the race. But whenever I‘d hear Reggie‘sfootsteps behind me, I would pump my legs a little faster.2. I have a few phobias, such as fear of heights and fear of dogs. My ultimate nightmare is to be trapped ina hot-air balloon with three German shepherds.3. Punching all the buttons on the radio in sequence, Phil kept looking for a good song. He was in themood to cruise down the highway and sing at the top of his voice.4. My children joke that we celebrate ―Hanumas‖ with our Jewish neighbors. We share Hanukkah andChristmas activities, including making potato pancakes at their house and decorating our tree.5. I noticed two cartons of cigarettes sticking up out of my neighbor‘s trash bag. I realized that he hadmade up his mind to give up smoking for the fifth time this year.6. I‘ve decided to leave home and rent an apartment with my best friend. By being away from home andon my own, I will get along better with my parents.7. The alley behind our house was flat except for a wide groove in the center. We used to sail paper boatsdown the groove whenever it rained hard enough to create a ―river‖ there.8. Don passed the computer school‘s aptitude test, which qualifies him for nine months of training. Donkidded that anyone could be accepted if he or she had $4000.Review Test 3, 419Answers will vary.25 Run-OnsActivity (Period and a Capital Letter), 422–4231. job. They 6. words. He2. wills. She 7. scissors. Then3. dressing. She 8. roof. Their4. water. They 9. work. Every5. environment. They 10. movies. IActivity 1 (Comma and a Joining Word), 4241. but 6. so2. and 7. but3. so 8. and4. for 9. for5. but 10. so or andActivity 2 (Comma and a Joining Word), 424–425Answers will vary.Activity 3 (Period and a Capital Letter or Comma and a Joining Word), 425–426Corrections may vary.1. refrigerator, and then 6. stiff, but soaking2. environment. They 7. work. Some3. heat, so I 8. house. Now4. Russia. We 9. Correct5. T-shirts. The 10. city. We Activity (Semicolon), 4271. plates; they 6. house; they2. week; now 7. window; Joey3. immense; it‘s 8. microscope; he4. bacon; her 9. street; the5. covers; she 10. fist; later Activity (Semicolon with a Transitional Word), 4291. ; as a result, (or thus, consequently, or therefore)2. ; however, (or on the other hand)3. ; otherwise,4. ; meanwhile,5. ; nevertheless, (or however)Review Test 1, 430–431Corrections may vary.1. break, but 6. victims, so2. drivers. When 7. marriage. Five3. tray. Then 8. health, so4. bare, and they 9. schoolwork. The5. corner. A 10. CorrectReview Test 2, 431–4321. days. Its Or: days, and its Or: days; its2. heels. Then Or: heels, and then Or: heels; then3. diner. A Or: diner, and a Or: diner; a4. occult. It Or: occult, for it Or: occult; it5. parents. This Or: parents, for this Or: parents; this6. intersection. Rusty Or: intersection, but rusty Or: intersection; rusty7. deafness. He Or: deafness, so he Or: deafness; he8. far. Larger Or: far, so larger Or: far; larger9. common. No Or: common, for no Or: common; no10. soda. It Or: soda, but it Or: soda; itReview Test 3, 432Corrections may vary.coming, so theyrelax. Thenbathroom; shedoor. Itcoffee, but IReview Test 4, 432Answers will vary.26Regular and Irregular VerbsActivity (Present Tense Endings), 434 Activity (Past Tense Endings), 4351. wakes 1. caved2. clowns 2. complained3. watches 3. realized4. wants 4. burned5. works 5. edged Activity (Irregular Verbs), 4381. chose chosen 6. rung rang2. begun began 7. forgot forgotten3. drunk drank 8. went gone4. breaked broke 9. throwed thrown5. shrunkshrank 10. blowed blew Activity (Nonstandard Forms of Irregular Verbs), 4401. be is 6. were was2. have has 7. was were3. were was 8. was were4. have had 9. done did5. was were 10. do does Review Test 1, 4411. walk walked 6. doesn‘t don‘t2. stole stolen 7. begun began3. choose chose 8. check checked4. tore torn 9. has have5. has have 10. sticked stuck Review Test 2, 441Answers will vary.27 Subject-Verb AgreementActivity (Words Between Subject and Verb), 442–4431. Some members of the parents‘ association want to ban certain books from the school library.2. Chung‘s trench coat, with its big lapels and shoulder flaps, makes him feel like a tough private eye.3. Misconceptions about apes like the gorilla haveturned a relatively peaceful animal into a terrifyingmonster.4. The rising cost of necessities like food and shelter forces many elderly people to live in poverty.5. In my opinion, a few slices of pepperoni pizza make a great evening.Activity (Verb Before Subject), 443 Activity (Compound Subjects), 4561. are 1. sit2. are 2. cover3. do 3. knows4. were 4. were5. was 5. smellActivity (Indefinite Pronouns), 4451. suits 3. are 5. falls2. mentions 4. entersReview Test 1, 445–4461. are 6. damages2. was 7. was3. seem 8. makes4. are 9. clean5. contains 10. isReview Test 2, 446is are 1. Martha and her motherlook looks 2. Neitherwas were 3. Three goats, a potbellied pig, and a ducklooks look 4. ballsis are 5. low-calorie cola and the double-chocolate cakeinterfere interferes 6. odorare is 7. Oneis are 8. gum and some tapebegin begins 9. manhave has 10. EachReview Test 3, 447Answers will vary. Subjects for sentences 1, 2, 3 and 4 are underlined below.1. The magazines under my roommate‘s bed . . .2. The car with the purple fenders . . .3. My boss and her secretary . . .4. Neither of the football players . . .28 Additional Information About VerbsActivity (Verb Tense), 449 Activity (Helping Verbs), 450 Activity (Verbals), 451Answers will vary. Answers will vary. Answers will vary.29 Pronoun Agreement and ReferenceActivity (Pronoun Agreement), 453 Activity (Indefinite Pronouns), 4541. they 1. her2. them 2. he3. they 3. its4. their 4. his or her5. it 5. him Activity (Pronoun Reference), 455–456The rewritten part of each sentence is underlined. Corrections may vary slightly.1. Dad spent all morning bird-watching but didn‘t see a single bird.2. At the fast-food restaurant, the counterpeoplegive you free glasses with your soft drinks.3. Ruth told Annette, ―My bouts of depression are becoming serious.‖ Or:Ruth told Annette, ―Your boutsof depression are becoming serious.‖4. Dipping her spoon into the pot of simmering spaghetti sauce, Helen felt the spoon slip out of her hand.5. Pete visited the tutoring center because its staff can help him with his economics course.Review Test 1, 4561. her2. the shop employees3 his4. the subject5. he or sheReview Test 2, 456–4571. their his or her b.2. they the players a.3. he they b.4. their her b.5. they the owners a.30 Pronoun TypesActivity (Subject and Object Pronouns), 460–4612. S he3. S she4. S they5. S We6. S She7. S he8. O me9. O them10. O meActivity (Possessive Pronouns), 461–4621. its2. theirs3. hers4. ours5. yoursActivity (Demonstrative Pronouns), 4621. This here This2. them those3. them those4. that there that5. them thoseReview Test, 4631. them 6. me2. Those 7. I3. me 8. This4. theirs 9. hers5. her 10. I31 Adjectives and AdverbsActivity (Adjectives), 4661. best2. youngest3. worse4. most unusual5. leastActivity (Adverbs), 4671. rapidly2. thick3. continuously4. carefully5. heavyActivity (Well and Good), 4671. good2. well3. well4. good5. wellReview Test 1, 4681. less 6. truthful2. worse 7. suddenly3. quickly 8. thinner4. confidently 9. good5. well 10. warmestReview Test 2, 468Answers will vary.32 Misplaced ModifiersActivity, 469–470Note: The underlined part in each of the corrections below shows what had been a misplaced modifier.1. The patient on the psychiatrist‘s couch talked about his childhood.Or: On the psychiatrist‘s couch, the patient talked about his childhood.2. With swiveling heads, the crowd watched the tennis players.3. V onnie put four hamburger patties, which she was cooking for dinner, on the counter.4. Steve carefully hung in the bedroom closet the new suit that he would wear to his first job interview.5 Anne ripped on a car door the shirt that she made in sewing class.Or: Anne ripped the shirt that she made in sewing class on a car door.6. The latest Tom Hanks movie has opened in almost 2,200 theaters across the country.7. Wearing a bulletproof vest, the newscaster spoke softly into a microphone.Or: The newscaster, wearing a bulletproof vest,spoke softly into a microphone.8. Owing two months‘ re nt, the tenants left town in a dilapidated old car.Or: The tenants, owing two months‘ rent, left town in a dilapidated old car.Or: The tenants who owed two months‘ rent left town in a dilapidated old car.9. The woman with arthritis picked up a heavy frying pan.10. In the greenhouse, I discovered an unusual plant that oozed a milky juice.Review Test 1, 470–4711. MM 6. C2. C 7. C3. C 8. MM4. MM 9. MM5. MM 10. CReview Test 2, 471Note: The underlined part in each of the corrections below shows what had been a misplaced modifier.1. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote in a poem that rainbows are flowers that have died and gone toheaven.Or: In a poem, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote that rainbows are flowers that have died and gone to heaven.2. I filled almost an entire notebook with biology lab drawings.3. With envious eyes, the apprentice watched the master carpenter expertly fit the door.4. The photographer pointed the camera equipped with a special night-vision scope at the shy deer.Or:The photographer pointed at the shy deer the camera equipped with a special night-vision scope. 5. With tired faces, the people on the bus stared at the ceiling or read newspapers.33 Dangling ModifiersActivity, 473–4741. The audience cheered wildly as the elephants, dancing on their hind legs, paraded by.Or:The audience cheered wildly as the elephants paraded by, dancing on their hind legs.2. The police spokesperson said the suspect, last seen wearing dark glasses and a blond wig, was stillbeing sought.3. As I was pouring out the cereal, a coupon fell into my bowl of milk.4. I knew the limousine, which was escorted by dozens of police motorcycles, carried someone important.Or: Because it was escorted by dozens of police motorcycles, I knew the limousine carried someone important.5. Tired and exasperated, we had a fight that was inevitable.Or: Because we were tired and exasperated, the fight we had was inevitable.6. Fran had difficulty removing the anchovies, which were packed tightly in a tiny can.7. Raquel finally found her sneakers, which had been kicked carelessly under the bed.8. As I worked at the Xerox machine, the morning dragged on.9. While we were sitting at a sidewalk café, all sorts of interesting people passed by.10. Though they were somewhat warped, Uncle Zeke played his records from the forties.Or:Uncle Zeke played his somewhat warped records from the forties.Review Test 1, 474–4751. DM 6. C2. C 7. C3. C 8. DM4. DM 9. DM5. DM 10. CReview Test 2, 4751. Because I hadn‘t had much sleep, my concentration during class was weak.Or:Not having had much sleep, I couldn‘t concentrate very well during class.2. A team of surgeons successfully separated the Siamese twins, who were joined at the hip.3. While I was wading in the shallow surf, a baby shark brushed past my leg.4. While being restrained by federal marshals, the kidnapper was sentenced by the judge.Or: The judge sentenced the kidnapper, who was being restrained by federal marshals.5. Beth was in a sentimental frame of mind, so the music brought tears to her eyes.Review Test 3, 476Answers will vary.34 Manuscript FormActivity, 478(Order of answers may vary.)2. Right-hand margins should not be crowded.3. Title should not be put in quotation marks or underlined.4. ―Alone‖ should be capitalized in the title.5. A line should be skipped between the title and the first line of text.6. Paragraphs should be indented.7. The first sentence of the paper must stand independent of the title. (In the student paper, the reader mustrely on the title to know what ―This‖ in the first sentence refers to.)35 Capital LettersActivity, 481–4821. Beatles . . . Candlestick Park 6. Big River . . . Chilean . . .Atlantic2. Natural Health . . . Abraham Lincoln 7. Cowboys . . . Boston3. I . . . Vick‘s . . . Listerine 8. Diet Pepsi . . . HostessTwinkie4. Boy Scouts . . . Springfield . . . Illinois 9. Glamour . . . Men . . . Want5. Cape Cod . . . Massachusetts 10. Joan . . . Congratulations Activity, 4841. World War . . . Americans . . . Japanese2. Korea . . . French . . . Swiss . . . Chinese3. Uncle Harvey4. Introduction . . . Word Processing5. VietnameseActivity (Unnecessary Use of Capitals), 484–4851. forces . . . farmers2. aunt . . . convertible3. baseball . . . team . . . home . . . run4. book . . . unusual . . . museums . . . believe5. electron . . . microscope . . . television . . . atomicReview Test 1, 485–486 Review Test 2, 4861. HamptonPark . . . Tenth StreetAnswers will vary.2. Charlie Chaplin . . . Gloria Swanson3. Mammoth Cave . . . Kentucky4. Arkansas . . . President5. Groucho Marx6. Why . . . Groucho . . . Are7. Wash & Dry . . . Elm Street. . . I . . . Tide8. Mother . . . February . . . Groundhog Day9. Stone . . . The Birds . . . Tori Amos10. Polaroid . . . Trident . . . Jell-O36 Numbers and AbbreviationsActivity (Numbers), 4881. three-thirty 3:30 . . . one-oh-six 106 . . . Forty-Second 42d (or 42nd)2. 4 four . . . 75 seventy-five3. fifty 50 . . . tenth 10 (or 10th)Activity (Abbreviations), 4891. Nov. November . . . Jan. January . . . lbs. pounds2. aftern. afternoon . . . doc. doctor . . . appt. appointment3. p.o. post office . . . min. minutes . . . dol. dollarsReview Test, 4891. h.s. high school . . . 5,000 five thousand2. 3 three . . . cigs. cigarettes3. 2 two . . . Feb. February . . . twenty-fifth 25 (or 25th)4. Span. Spanish . . . 1 one . . . One 15. kitch. kitchen . . . 3 three37 ApostropheActivity (Apostrophe in Contractions), 490–4912. they‘re . . . I‘d3. I‘m . . . who‘s4. We‘re . . . who‘s . . . it‘s5. can‘t . . . there‘sActivity 1 (Apostrophe to Show Ownership or Possession), 4921. The comedian‘s annoying voice2. The quarterback‘s performance3. The old woman‘s thin hand4. the jewelry store‘s window5. the TV weatherperson‘s mouth6. Lamont‘s new denim shirt7. Rachel‘s hair8. Dennis‘s bowl of cereal9. Donna‘s Honda10. The ap artment‘s previous tenantActivity 2 (Apostrophe to Show Ownership or Possession), 493 Answers will vary; below are the possessive forms of the given words.2. Felipe‘s3. pilot‘s4. neighbor‘s5. school‘s6. gunslinger‘sActivity (Apostrophe versus Simple Plurals), 494–4951. Possessive: wife‘s armPlural: skates2. Possessive: Vonette‘s decisionPlurals: predictions . . . opportunities3. Possessive: fire‘s extreme heatPlurals: telephones . . . chairs4. Possessive: doctor‘s requestPlural: scars5. Possessive: people‘s, world‘sPlurals: names . . . countries6. Possessive: Hal‘s shirtPlural: pants . . . fingernails7. Possessive: children‘s shoutsPlurals: shouts . . . eggs . . . lightbulbs . . . items8. Possessive: Tina‘s camping handbookPlurals: tablets . . . ropes9. Possessive: Carmen‘s leaky penPlural: fingers10. Possessive: rattlesnake‘s headPlural: eyesActivity, 4951. campers‘ tents2. Murrays‘ phone bills3. buildings‘ steep steps4. twins‘ habit5. cars‘ windshieldsReview Test, 495–4961. sofa‘s . . . chair‘s2. barn‘s . . . hayloft‘s3. book‘s . . . customer‘s4. Phil‘s . . . writer‘s5. boss‘s . . . Charlie‘s6. couldn‘t . . . car‘s7. parents‘ . . . children‘s8. cat‘s . . . dog‘s9. sun‘s . . . street‘s10. river‘s . . . Hendersons‘38 Quotation MarksActivity 1 (Set Off Words of a Speaker or Writer), 4981. Several people have been credited with saying, ―The more I see of people, the more I like dogs.‖2. Beatrice asked, ―Do you give a discount to senior citizens?‖3. ―This hamburger is raw!‖ cried Leon.4. The bum per sticker on the rear of the battered old car read, ―Don‘t laugh—it‘s paid for.‖5. ―I know why Robin Hood robbed only the rich,‖ said the comedian. ―The poor don‘t have any money.‖6. ―These CDs,‖ proclaimed the television announcer, ―are not sold in any store.‖7. ―When chefs go to great lengths,‖ the woman at the diet center said, ―I go to great widths.‖8. ―If you accept an invitation to dinner,‖ said the Duchess of Windsor, ―you have a moral obligation to beamusing.‖9. On a tombstone in a Maryland cemetery are the words, ―Here lies an atheist, all dressed up and no placeto go.‖10. The columnist advised, ―Be nice to people on your way up because you‘ll meet them on your waydown.‖Activity 2 (Set Off Words of a Speaker or Writer), 499Answers will vary.Activity (Indirect Quotations), 5002. Sonya said, ―My uncle looks just like a large basset hound.‖3. Angelo said, ―I want a box of the extra-crispy chicken.‖4. My boss said, ―You can make mistakes as long as you don‘t repeat them.‖5. The instructor announced, ―Thursday‘s test has been cancelled.‖Activity (Titles), 501–5021. In her short story ―A Sea Worry,‖ Maxine Hong Kingston describes a group of teenage surfers and amother who tries to understand them.2. I bought the National Enquirer to read an article entitled ―Painful Beauty Secrets of the Stars.‖3. We read the chapter ―Pulling Up Roots‖ in Gail Sheehy‘s book Passages.4. Jamila used an article titled ―Winter Blues‖ from Time magazine in her research paper about seasonaldepression.5. The movie Casablanca, which starred Humphrey Bogart, was originally cast with Ronald Reagan in theleading role.6. My favorite old TV show was Thriller, a horror series hosted by Boris Karloff, the man who starred inthe 1931 movie Frankenstein.7. When the Beatles‘ movie A Hard Day‘s Night was first shown, fans screamed so much that no onecould hear the songs or the dialogue.8. On my father‘s wall is a framed front page of The New York Times of February 25, 1940—the day hewas born.9. The sociology test will cover the first two chapters: ―Culture and Diversity‖ and ―Social Stratification.‖10. An article in Consumer Reports called ―Which Cereal for Breakfast?‖ claims that children can learn tolike low-sugar cereals like Cheerios and Wheaties.Review Test 1, 5031. The psychology class read a short story called ―Silent Snow, Secret Snow,‖ about a young boy whocreates his own fantasy world.2. While filming the movie Vertigo, the actress Kim Novak was agonizing over how to play a particularscene until the director, Alfred Hitchcock, reminded her, ―Kim, it‘s only a movie!‖3. ‖I‘m against grade school students‘ using pocket calculators,‖ said Fred. ―I spent three years learninglong d ivision, and so should they.‖4. The composer George Gershwin wrote many hundreds of hit songs, including classics like―Summertime‖ and ―Somebody Loves Me.‖5. When I gagged while taking a foul-tasting medicine, my wife said, ―Put an ice cube on you r tongue first,and then you won‘t taste it.‖6. I looked twice at the newspaper headline that read, ―Man in River Had Drinking Problem.‖7. To learn more about the stock market for his business class, Jared began reading the column by PabloGalarza in Money magazine called ―Market Rap.‖8. When a guest at the wedding was asked what he was giving the couple, he replied, ―About six months.‖9. Theodore Roosevelt, a pioneer in conservation, once said, ―When I hear of the destruction of a species, Ifeel as if all the works of some great writer had perished.‖10. ―If you‘re ever in trouble,‖ said the police officer, ―you‘ll have a better chance of attracting aid if youshout ‗Fire‘ instead of ‗Help.‘ ‖Review Test 2, 503Answers will vary.39 CommaActivity (Comma Between Items in a Series), 5051. dead insects, crumbs, and dust balls2. hammock, popped open a frosty can of soda, and3. warm, deep, swirling4. eyes, relaxed manner, and5. musty, shadowyActivity (Comma After Introductory Material), 5061. window, gusts2. wildly, Jesse3. river, people4. begin, the5. water, theActivity (Commas Around Words Interrupting the Flow of Thought), 5071. breeze, hot and damp,2. chickens, loosely wrapped in plastic,3. wallet, which he kept in his front pants pocket,4. Delgado, who is an avid Yankees fan,5. ships, a majestic sight,Activity (Comma Between Complete Thoughts), 508–5091. bulletin, and2. Correct3. parlor, for4. crushed, and5. shower, but6. reruns, so7. camera, or8. Correct9. Correct10. CorrectActivity (Comma with Direct Quotations), 5091. announced, ―In2. grapefruit,‖ . . . comedian,3. asked, ―Did4. louder,‖ a5. visitors, ―WeActivity (Comma with Everyday Material), 5101. mind, George,2. Amigos, 5607 Pacific Boulevard,3. 875,000 . . . October 16, 19954. shows, Elaine, . . . 1,231 . . . Sarasota, Florida5. Highway, Great Plains, MinnesotaReview Test 1, 511Wording of rules may vary.1. tissues,‖ said . . . professor, ―were(comma with direct quotation)2. cream, miniature marshmallows, and。
美国大学英语写作课后习题与答案
Suggested Answers for “The Yellow Ribbon”—by Pete Hamill (P. 210)1.Vingo returned from prison to find that his wife still loved him and wanted him back.2. b3. a4. B5.Two examples: Vingo tells his story slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.Vingo tells his story “slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.”6. Examples of Vingo’s being honorable: He doesn’t express any self-pity about being in jail.He owns up to his crime. He offers his wife her freedom.7. Place names: Fort Lauderdale, New Jersey, Washington, Jacksonville, the 34th StreetOther transition: Terminal in New York, Philadelphia, Brunswick8.But if she didn’t...9.Maybe the author Hamill asked one of the young people in the story about her traveling experience.10.The author ends this essay by describing how the young people shouted excitedly when they saw the yellow ribbons on the oak tree and how Vingo rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus to go home nervously.We may expect that Vingo would receive an amazing and warm welcome when he walks into his home.The author just wants to leaves some space for the readers to think and imagine freely.P.256--Taming the Anger Monster: by Anne Davidson1. d2. Anger has become an increasingly common problem in our society.3. “According to Carol Tavris, author of Anger: The Misunderstood Emotion, the keys to dealing with anger are common sense and patience.”4. Effect: An epidemic of anger Three causes: Lack of time, technology, tension6. B7.8.To begin with Technology is also Tension, the third major culprit9.D10.The first paragraph presents a story about a person with anger problems. The last paragraph shows how that story was successfully resolved.P289.--Born to Be Different?: by Camille Lewisc 2. a 3. D4. She lists a series of examples where the “empathizing” mindset is evident:female-dominated careers, female reading matter, and female relationships5. Brain anatomyWays of interacting with the worldWays of problem solving6. Lewis presents her essay point by point. The first point is about brain anatomy, thesecond is about interacting with the world, and the third is about problem solving.For each point, she discusses women and then men.7.8. On the other hand (7)In contrast (9)But (11)9.d 10 aP.508--Suggested Answers for “Shame”—Dick Gregory (P.508)Note: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions, 584-5851. A2. D3. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.4. a Answers b, c, and d are too narrow.5. c See Paragraph 66. True See Paragraph 237. a See Paragraph 58. B. The entire incident with the Community Chest Fund shows Richard’s pride9. b Richard’s teacher ignores his problems and humiliates him in front of the entire class;see paragraphs 5 through 26.10. b Helene cries over Richard’s humiliation; see paragraph 23.Structure and Technique, 5851. In paragraphs 1 and 2, Gregory mentions several steps he took to impress Helene Tucker.What were they? Why does he include them in his essay?Answer:In order to impress Helene, Gregory brushed his hair, got a handkerchief, washed his socks and shirt every night, shoveled the snow off her walk, tried to make friends with her mother and aunts, and left money on her stoop. He describes those steps in detail because, besides demonstrating his devotion to Helene, they give a clear picture of Gregory’s poverty.2. A metaphor is a suggested comparison. What metaphor does Gregory use in paragraph 5, andwhat is its purpose? What metaphor does he use in the second sentence of paragraph 7, andwhat does it mean?Answer:In paragraph 5, Gregory uses the metaphor that he was pregnant to suggest the effects of poverty on him—it gave him strange tastes, which pregnant people get. It also filled him (as pregnancy fills someone), but with negative things: poverty, dirt, “smells that made people turn away,” and so on.In the second sentence of paragraph 7, Gregory uses the metaphor of a flying eagle to represent the movement of money. (A picture of an eagle is engraved on one side of a quarter).3. In narrating the incidents in the classroom and in the restaurant, Gregory chooses toprovide actual dialogue rather than merely to tell what happened. Why?Answer:By using the exact words spoken by Helene, the teacher, and himself, Gregory givesa very clear picture of what happened by allowing the reader to “experience” it, rather thansimply hear a general summary. The dialogue between Helene and the teacher shows Helene as an ideal little student who received approval from the teacher. The dialogue between Gregory and the teacher, however, clearly demonstrates Gregory’s eagerness to impress Helene and his unsuccessful, embarrassing attempt to gain the teacher’s approval. If Gregory had merely described what had happened, we would have a much less vivid impression of the characters involved.4. At the end of the essay, Gregory shifts his focus from the classroom to the scene involving the winoat the restaurant. What is the connection between this closing scene and the rest of the essay?Answer:In the body of the essay, Gregory is narrating a time that he was shamed publicly and no one came to his defense. In the closing scene, Gregory realizes that he has done the same thing—that he, too, has witnessed a person being shamed without assisting him. He feels a new kind of “shame,” that of having failed to help another man in need.Critical Reading and Discussion,5861. When Gregory writes, “I never learned hate at home, or shame. I had to go to school forthat” (paragraph 1), he is using irony—an inconsistency between what is expected and what actually occurs. What does he mean by these two statements? What is the effect of his irony?Answer:Gregory means that although his home life was one of poverty and want, his home was not a place of inhumane values, such as hatred and shame. But at school, which on its surface was a more positive place, he was made to feel hatred and shame. The ironic statement intrigues the reader and makes him or her want to know more about what Gregory means.2. What are Gregory’s feelings about his teacher? What were your feelings about her as you readthis essay? What could the teacher have done or said that would not have made Gregory feel ashamed?Answer:Gregory seems sad and resentful that the teacher did not understand why he misbehaved in class and that she assumed he was stupid and a troublemaker. But he also wanted her approval badly, as seen by the Community Chest incident and the fact that he gota “big thrill” out of being chosen to clean the blackboard. Students’ suggestions about theteacher will vary. One possibility: She could have merely thanked Gregory in class and then spoken to him privately later if she doubted that he could contribute to Community Chest.3. Gregory shows how a childhood incident taught him shame. What other important lessons does Gregory learn in this essay? Explain.Answer:From paragraph 3, in which Gregory talks about his accomplishments later in life, we can conclude that he learned he could boost his self-esteem through his own efforts.Paragraph 5 shows that from his own experiences, he learned that children who are hungry and poor may feel invisible and so behave in ways that attract attention. From his experience with the wino, he learned that in order to feel good about himself, he would have to start standing up for other people who were shamed.4. At the end of his essay, Gregory says, “I waited too long to help another man.” Why do youthink he waited so long to assist the wino? What are some reasons people do not always help others who are in need (for example, ignoring a homeless person seated on the sidewalk)?Answer:Gregory probably had many reasons for not helping the wino sooner: embarrassment at drawing attention to himself, reluctance to part with his hard-earned money, not wanting to get in trouble with Mr. Williams, not knowing the wino and thus feeling the affair wasn’t his business, etc. People have similar reasons for not helping others in need. In addition, people who ignore a homeless man may feel that the man’s problems—maybe including substance abuse or mental illness—are so big and deep-rooted that they are not qualified to help him in any effective way.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis:Living poor was, for the author, a humiliating experience.1. He was embarrassed in front of his classmates and, worse, in front of Helene Tucker(7-23).2. Everybody knew he was a “worthy boy” who had no Dad and no money (28).3. His self-pity prevented him from helping another poor man, the wino (29-37).P.567 Suggested Answers for “Propaganda Techniques in Today’s Advertising” by Ann McClintockNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions,648-6491. b2. d3. b Answer a is too broad; answers c and d are too narrow.4. c Answers a and b are too narrow; answer d is too broad.5. b Paragraph 96. d Paragraphs 18-197. c Paragraph 168. c Paragraph 239. b10. aStructure and Technique, 649-6501. In paragraph 1, McClintock’s choice of words reveals her attitudes toward bothpropagandists and the public. What specific words reveal her attitudes, and what attitudes do they represent?Answer:McClintock describes propagandists as “seducers” and “brainwashers.” She refers to their “alluring images,”their “tricks,”and their “charm.”She describes the public as “content”and “eager . . . victims.”Her choice of words makes it clear that she thinks propagandists are untrustworthy and interested in taking unfair advantage of a too-trusting public.2. What key term does McClintock define in paragraph 2? Why does she define it here? Whereelse in the essay does she use the technique of definition?Answer:She defines the term “propaganda.” She places the definition close to the beginning because it is so essential to the reader’s understanding of the rest of her essay. Other points at which McClintock uses definition are in paragraphs 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 18, and 21. In each of those paragraphs, she defines a particular propaganda technique.3. McClintock uses parentheses in two lists, the ones in paragraphs 7 and 19. What purpose dothese parentheses serve?Answer:Paragraph 7 lists “high-sounding but basically empty phrases.”The author uses parentheses to add comments that reveal the emptiness of those listed phrases. Paragraph 19 lists claims that include “weasel words.”The author uses parentheses to show just how insubstantial those weasel words are.4 . McClintock provides abundant examples throughout her essay. Why does she provide so manyexamples? What does she accomplish with this technique?Answer:McClintock’s many examples, drawn from the television and print ads we all see every day, clarify her definitions and demonstrate that propaganda techniques are truly a factor in everyday life. The examples make the reader more aware of the effects of propaganda on decisions he or she makes.Critical Reading and Discussion,6501. Some of the propaganda techniques listed in the selection have contrasting appeals. How doname-calling and glittering generalities contrast with each other? Testimonials and plain folks?Answer:Name-calling appeals to the instincts of fear, anger, and mistrust. Name-calling propaganda encourages the public to reject something or someone. Glittering generalities, on the other hand, appeal to the public’s positive emotions: love, attraction, patriotism. The public is asked to accept the thing or person advertised by associating it with those emotions.Testimonials depend on the public’s interest in or affection for celebrities—people ordinary viewers don’t know but admire and see as bigger and more important than themselves. By contrast, plain folks advertising is based on the idea that the public likes to see ordinary people—people like themselves—in the products and services they buy.2. Why are ads that use the bandwagon approach so effective? What ads have you seenrecently that use that approach?Answer:The bandwagon technique is effective because of the human need to be part of a group. We feel safe and secure when we are surrounded by people who agree with us about something—even something as trivial as what frozen coffee cake is best (“Nobody doesn’t like Sara Lee”). Answers to the second question will vary.3. The author states, “Americans, adults and children alike, are being seduced.” What mightbe the differences between the ways adults and children react to the seductions of advertising?Answer:Answers will vary.4. McClintock states, “We are victims, seemingly content—even eager—to be victimized”(paragraph 1). Do you agree? Is this article likely to change how you view ads in the future?Why or why not?Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis: People should detect and understand common propaganda techniques, which appealto the emotions rather than to logic.1. We are bombarded with ads, which present biased messages through various propagandatechniques, including seven common ones (1-4).2. Name calling—referring to a competitor with negatively charged names or comments (5).3. Glittering generalities—making important-sounding general claims with no explanation (6-8).4. Transfer—associating something with a symbol or image most people respect and admire (9-11).5. Testimonial—promoting something with the support of a celebrity (12-15).6. Plain folks—associating something with the average person (16-17).7. Card stacking—making something sound good by suppressing relevant evidence ormaking an unfinished claim (18-19).8. Bandwagon—appealing to people’s desire to do what many others are doing (20-21).9. Use critical thinking to avoid reacting emotionally to ads (22-23).P.592 Suggested Answers for “Here’s to Your Health”—Joan DunayerNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions,667-6681. c2. c3. d Answers a, b, and c are too narrow.4. c Answer a is too narrow; answer b is too broad; answer d, never directlystated in the article, is too narrow.5. b Paragraph 66. False Paragraph 47. True Paragraph 88. a9. False Paragraphs 6 and 810. d Paragraphs 4 and 8Structure and Technique,668-6691. What method of introduction does Dunayer use? What effect do you think she hoped toachieve with this introduction?Answer:She uses an anecdote. By telling a brief story about Tod’s experience, she puts a human face on the larger idea that alcohol abuse is linked to societal pressure. It also sets the tone for Dunayer’s thesis by showing the potential danger of even small amounts of alcohol.2. Dunayer introduces her criticism of alcohol with the words “Part of the myth is . . . .” (Seethe first sentence of paragraph 3.) What addition transitions does she use to introduce each of the three other parts of the myth (in the first sentences of paragraphs 5, 7, and 9)? What is gained by the use of these transitions?Answer:The three addition transitions are “another,”“also,”and “finally.”Each transition makes the reader aware that one element of the myth is being introduced.3. The body of Dunayer’s essay is made up of four pairs of paragraphs (paragraphs 3 and 4; 5and 6; 7 and 8; 9 and 10). What is the relationship between the paragraphs in each pair? In which of the two paragraphs does Dunayer present her own perspective? Why do you think she puts her own perspective in that paragraph?Answer:In the first paragraph of each pair, Dunayer presents one part of the alcohol myth.She begins each second paragraph with a topic sentence that represents her perspective. She then goes on to support her topic sentence with a series of facts. For example, below is the topic sentence of paragraph 4; it represents her perspective, which contradicts what the ad in paragraph 3 suggests about whiskey.Contrary to what the liquor company would have us believe, drinking is more closelyrelated to lack of success than to achievements.She then follows that sentence with supporting facts.By presenting her perspective after describing each part of the myth, Dunayer makes her points more dramatically: She sets up an appealing image in the first paragraph of each pair only to knock it down with force in the second one.4. In her essay, Dunayer provides vivid descriptions of alcohol advertisements, particularly inparagraphs 3 and 5. What vivid details does she provide? How do these details support her main point?Answer:In paragraph 3 she describes in detail the print ad showing two prosperous-looking businessmen in a restaurant, surrounded by fine crystal, velvet draperies, and spotless linen.In paragraph 5, she provides details about a beach scene: a young, beautiful, sexy woman; a young muscular man enticing her with a cold beer. By providing such detailed descriptions, Dunayer makes the reader very aware of the advertiser’s premise (alcohol will make you successful; alcohol will make you sexually attractive) behind such ads.Critical Reading and Discussion,6691. Dunayer presents and then rebuts four “myths” about alcohol. What are these four myths?According to Dunayer, what is the reality behind each myth?Answer:(1) Alcohol will make you professionally successful. In fact, says Dunayer, alcohol is frequently tied to low achievement and poverty. (2) Alcohol will make you sexually attractive.Dunayer says that alcohol actually lowers one’s hormones and can lead to impotence and infertility. (3) Alcohol and sports mix well. Dunayer points out that alcohol slows the reflexes, interferes with the eyes’ability to focus, and increases the likelihood of various serious diseases. (4) Alcohol brings families closer together. In fact, Dunayer writes, alcohol is frequently involved in domestic violence, suicide, and birth defects.2. Dunayer concludes, “‘Here’s to your health’rings with a terrible irony when it isaccompanied by the clink of liquor glasses” (paragraph 11). What is the “terrible irony” she refers to? How does this irony—already signaled in her essay’s title—relate to her main point?Answer:The irony is that alcohol, rather than promoting one’s health, is often tied to illness and misery. The irony is also implied in her main point—that while advertising myths promise us that alcohol will improve our lives, it is far more likely to have destructive effects.3. Do you think Dunayer’s essay about the myths of alcohol is one-sided, or is it balanced?Explain. What additional points could be used to support her point or to rebut it?Answer:The essay is one-sided in the sense that Dunayer does not include opinions from people who disagree with her. Other points she might have used to support her argument include the widespread idea among young people that using alcohol makes them seem more adult.Rebuttals of Dunayer’s argument could include the ideas that many people use alcohol responsibly and that the problem is not with the product itself but with irresponsible people’s misuse of it.4. Advertisers often create myths or use false ideas to get people to buy their products. Besidesalcohol ads, what are some other examples of manipulative or deceptive advertising? Do you think advertisers should be permitted to use such tactics to sell products?Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and Support OutlineThesis: The media and our culture promote a false myth about alcohol.1. Part of the myth is that alcohol signals success; the reality is that alcohol can preventsuccess (3-4).2. Another part of the myth is that alcohol makes one sexually attractive; the reality is thatalcohol can make one less sexy (5-6).3. A third part of the myth is that alcohol combines well with athletics; the reality is thatalcohol slows people down and can lead to physical decline (7-8).4. The fourth part of the myth is that alcohol contributes to family happiness; the reality isthat alcohol can lead to great unhappiness.P.607 Suggested Answers for “College Lectures: Is Anybody Listening?” by David DanielsNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions, 683-6841. c2. a3. c Answers a, b and d are all too narrow, as each covers only a single point ofthe selection.4. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.5. d Paragraphs 5 and 76. a Paragraph 107. a Paragraph 108. a Paragraph 9 and 109. True Paragraphs 11 through 1310. c Paragraph 13Structure and Technique, 6841. Daniels begins his essay with an anecdote about a former teacher of his. How does thisintroduction relate to his thesis?Answer:The anecdote is an extreme example of a college teacher who seemed unaware of whether his students were listening to him or not. The professor serves as a caricature of the type of teaching Daniels is criticizing.2. Does Daniels directly state his thesis? If so, where is it stated?Answer:Daniels states his thesis at the end of paragraph 4: “The time is long overdue for us to abandon the lecture system and turn to methods that really work.”3. In describing Mary’s classroom experience (paragraphs 5–7), Daniels provides numerousdetails. What are some of these details? How do they relate to the essay’s main idea?Answer:Some of the details provided include the huge class size, the lack of a roll call, the professor’s ancient notes, the lack of opportunity for student feedback, and the absence of quizzes. The details all contribute to the idea that lecture-heavy classes do a poor job of involving the student in the subject and stimulating his or her thinking.4. Daniels’s essay is an argument against the lecture system of education. What argumentationtechniques does he employ? (See pages 319–337 for information on argumentation.)Answer:Daniels uses four of the argumentation techniques explained in Chapter 16, “Argumentation,” pages 319–322:1) Point out common ground. Daniels points out common ground between him and schoolsthat support lectures. In paragraph 8, he admits that many schools supplement lectures with discussion groups and that some classes, such as first-year English, are relatively small.2) Acknowledge differing viewpoints. Daniels acknowledges (but does not support)viewpoints that differ from his. In paragraph 13, he states that administrators like lectures because they “can cram far more students into a lecture hall than into a discussion class.” He adds in the same paragraph that teachers and students find lectures easier because students can sit back and be passive and teachers can “engage in intellectual exhibitionism.”3) Grant the merits of differing viewpoints when appropriate. Daniels grants the merits ofopposing views in paragraph 15, where he states that lectures are “economically necessary” and also because they “spring from a tradition in a setting that rightly values tradition for its own sake.”4) Rebut differing views. Daniels rebuts the support for lecture classes for first- andsecond-year students by stating the virtues of smaller classes, which are listed in paragraph 14: smaller classes force students to become more active, students’ listening skills improve, professors do a better job, and tests demand analysis and synthesis instead of “empty memorization.”And while Daniels supports the tradition of lectures in paragraph 15, he immediately argues against their use in the first two years of college.Critical Reading and Discussion,684-6851. Daniels states that “listening intelligently is hard work” (paragraph 9) and “Active learning. . . is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn” (paragraph10). Why might Daniels feel that listening is so hard? And why does he feel that activelearning is so good?Answer:In paragraph 10, Daniels mentions that listening actively involves special techniques, including these two: “trying to anticipate the speaker’s next point”and “taking notes selectively.” We can assume that he feels it takes time and practice to learn such techniques. In discussing active learning in paragraph 10, Daniels mentions several types: writing essays, performing experiments, and having work evaluated by an instructor. He obviously feels that these types of active work involve students in ways they are not ready to be involved in as listeners.2. In paragraph 8, Daniels acknowledges that he has exaggerated Mary’s negative classroomexperience, saying,“I admit this picture is overdrawn.”Does this admission strengthen or weaken his argument? Explain.Answer:The case could be made that the admission strengthens Daniels’argument. By admitting that he is exaggerating slightly, Daniels can point out that many classes do have most if not all of the negative aspects of Mary’s class. It is also psychologically sound to admit a shortcoming of one’s argument, as it helps establish the writer as a reasonable person.3. According to Daniels, the lecture system harms professors by reducing feedback fromstudents to a minimum. What is useful about about feedback from students?Answer:If students’ comments indicate they don’t understand something, the teacher can then do something to help students improve their understanding. Students’ comments may also help teachers decide which activities and materials are effective and ineffective. Also, the knowledge that their view counts in class may motivate students to get involved with class work.4. How do your experiences in both lecture classes and smaller classes compare with Daniels’sdescriptions? As a student, which type of class do you prefer? Why? If you were an instructor, which type of class would you prefer to teach? Why?Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis:Colleges and universities should offer interactive, not lecture, classes to first- and second-year students (4, 15).1. The lecture system is outmoded (4).2. It is inadequate for students, especially less experienced students (5-11).3. It is harmful to educators (12).4. The lecture system continues because administrators like its profitability and teachers andstudents find it easier (13).5. Small, interactive classes benefit both students and teachers (14).。
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Chapter 13
Comparison and Contrast
One side at a time
Sample Outline
Thesis: College requires students to study differently than they did in high school. I. College A. Self-directed study B. Campus environment C. Heavy course load II. High school A. More in-class time for study B. Fewer distractions at home C. Lighter course load
essays call for one of two types of development:
1) One side at a time 2) Point by point
College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 6E © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 13
Comparison and Contrast
When we compare two things, we show how they are similar.
College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 6E © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 6E © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 13
Comparison and Contrast
Point by point
Chapter 13
Comparison and Contrast
Sample Outline
Point by point
College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 6E
Thesis: College requires students to study differently than they did in high school. I. Support for study A. College B. High school II. Study environment A. College B. High school III. Work load A. College B. High school
In this method of development, each point of comparison or contrast is addressed with respect to each of the subjects in turn turn.
College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 6E © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Thirteen Comparison and Contrast
College Writing Skills, 6E and College Writing Skills, Skills with Readings, 6E Readings,
John Langan
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 13
Comparison and Contrast
One side at a time
In this method of development, all of the points of comparison or contrast are addressed first with respect to one of the subjects and then to the subjects, other. other
College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 6E © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 13
Comparison and Contrast
Comparison and contrast
Chapter 13
Comparison and Contrast
When we contrast two things, we show how they are different.
College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 6E © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies,mparison and Contrast
The purpose of comparing and contrasting two things is to understand the two things more clearly, and, at times, to make judgments about them.