法律英语 第七课 刑法
合集下载
Criminal law法律英语刑法 PPT课件
- Extreme thoughtless of murder极端轻率谋杀罪
- Felony – murder重罪—谋杀罪
Manslaughter
- Voluntary manslaughter自 愿性非恶意杀人，故意杀 人 （比如激情犯罪crime of passion）
- involuntary homicide过失 杀人
Step 16 :Sentencing (three different types may be used)
Step 17 :Appeals
American criminal law classification
美国刑法种类
• 1.Criminal ACTS endangering degree（犯罪行为危害程度）： felony（重罪），misdemeanor(轻罪）
Step 1 :The Reported Crime (or “known offense”)
Step 2 :Prearrest Investigation (include three basic groups)
Step 3 :Arrest
Step 4 :Booking Step 5 : Post-Arrest Investigation (will vary with the fact situation)
My lecture topics ：
Death penalty sentencing plot
（死刑的量刑情节）
Basic situation
• American criminal law no specific reflect about the death penalty sentencing system, but the scope of the basic limit first-degree murder just executed, considering the consequences of a murder. Other must try to give every opportunity decreases victimised suspects miscalculation.
- Felony – murder重罪—谋杀罪
Manslaughter
- Voluntary manslaughter自 愿性非恶意杀人，故意杀 人 （比如激情犯罪crime of passion）
- involuntary homicide过失 杀人
Step 16 :Sentencing (three different types may be used)
Step 17 :Appeals
American criminal law classification
美国刑法种类
• 1.Criminal ACTS endangering degree（犯罪行为危害程度）： felony（重罪），misdemeanor(轻罪）
Step 1 :The Reported Crime (or “known offense”)
Step 2 :Prearrest Investigation (include three basic groups)
Step 3 :Arrest
Step 4 :Booking Step 5 : Post-Arrest Investigation (will vary with the fact situation)
My lecture topics ：
Death penalty sentencing plot
（死刑的量刑情节）
Basic situation
• American criminal law no specific reflect about the death penalty sentencing system, but the scope of the basic limit first-degree murder just executed, considering the consequences of a murder. Other must try to give every opportunity decreases victimised suspects miscalculation.
英美刑法课件
分类 特殊辩护事由，即某一个或某几个具体犯罪中的阻 却理由，这类事由不具有普遍适用于各罪的效力， 只具有个别意义。 一般辩护事由
二、一般辩护事由
主要有未成年（infancy） 精神错乱（mental disorder）错误 （mistake）醉态（intoxication）被害人承诺（consent by Victim）上级命令（order by high authorities） 胁迫 （duress）紧急避险（necessity） 正当防卫（ justifiable defense） 警察圈套（ entrapment ）其他一般辩护事由 美国将其分为两类： 辩解（excuse）：infancy、insanity、mistake、intoxication 、 duress、 order by high authorities、 consent by Victim 正当理由（justification）：necessity、 justifiable defense
Tips: The requirements for being patrial included birth in the United Kingdom, having a CUKC holding parent, married to a patrial male and legal resident in the United Kingdom for more than 5 years. Those with patrial status had a right of abode in the United Kingdom and those who were non-patrial did not. In 1981, the British government enacted the British Nationality Act to reflect the patrial notion. The act was approved by the Parliament in October 1981 and came into effect in January 1983. This law divided CUKC holders into three categories: British Citizens (BC), British Dependent Territory Citizens (BDTC), and British Overseas Citizens (BOC).
第七章刑法
犯 罪 中 必 受 损 害
犯 罪 中 未 必 受 损 害
不 决能 定决 犯定 罪犯 性罪 质性
质
案例分析
被告本人案赵的某犯伙罪同对李象某是，电自动19机85，年犯以罪来客先体后是从我正国在 使刑用法的所生 保产 护队的水犯房罪、行仓为库所、侵农害机的修社理会站主等义处社窃会得关 各系种。型本号 案之的所电以动盗机窃12同台类，对卖象给而乡判镇处企不业同和罪个体名户，。 案关发键后在， 于当 本地 案法 中院的对具赵体、对李象两体犯现以的盗社窃 会罪 主、 义破 社坏 会 集关体系生不产 同罪 ，实 即行 犯数罪罪行并为罚侵。犯张的犯客以体“不偷 同的 。全 因是 此电 构 动成机的，犯法 罪院 也判 就决 不数同罪。并盗罚窃不正当使”用为中由的提水出 房上 的诉 电。 动 二机，审侵法害院审的理客后体，是维社持会原主判义，集驳体回生上产诉的。正常活动， 构成破坏集体生产罪；盗窃仓库和农机修理站的 问电：动本机案 ，中 侵的 犯犯 的罪客对体象是是集什体么财？产为的什所么 有盗 权窃 ，同 所类 构 对成象的判是处 盗不 窃同 罪的 ，罪所名以，应试数用罪犯并罪罚客。体理论说明。
Chapter Seven Criminal Law
第七章 刑 法
刑法的概念
刑法是关于犯罪、刑事 责任和刑罚的法律规范 总称。它是国家的基本 法律。
1979年7月1日通过，1980 年1月1日生效。 1997年3 月14日修订并公布，1997 年10月1日生效。
之后又陆续颁布了7个刑 法修正案。
分析：本案中，行为人贾某生于1985年1月 13日，其行为时为1998年1月20日，行为时 贾某才满13岁，属于完全不负刑事责任年 龄阶段。因此，贾某故意杀人的行为不负 刑事责任。因不满16岁不予刑事处罚的， 责令他的家长或者监护人加以管教；在必 要的时候，也可以由政府收容教养。
法律英语(刑法)ppt
LOGO
Euthanasia
――曹美英 李珊珊 孔阳 刘荟 刘婷 吴永ontent
Ⅰ. What is Euthanasia Ⅱ. The Situation Ⅲ. Euthanasia and Criminal Law
Ⅳ. The Types of Euthanasia Ⅴ. Issues of Euthanasia
LOGO
Ⅱ. The Situation
LOGO
Netherlands
The Netherlands is the first country in the world where euthanasia is legal. Some twenty years ago, people in the Netherlands, well-intentioned physicians among them, began a process that has made physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia common practice there today. In the Netherlands, in April 2001, a law was passed that allows physicians to perform euthanasia but only when the patient has expressed explicitly the desire to die in order to prevent or end unacceptable suffer. Additionally, the physician must also agree with the patient that he suffers unacceptably and can only co-operate when he or she has consulted two colleagues who agree that euthanasia is acceptable in the given case and under the given circumstances. Given all these conditions, the physician needs the substances with which he can help the patient.
Euthanasia
――曹美英 李珊珊 孔阳 刘荟 刘婷 吴永ontent
Ⅰ. What is Euthanasia Ⅱ. The Situation Ⅲ. Euthanasia and Criminal Law
Ⅳ. The Types of Euthanasia Ⅴ. Issues of Euthanasia
LOGO
Ⅱ. The Situation
LOGO
Netherlands
The Netherlands is the first country in the world where euthanasia is legal. Some twenty years ago, people in the Netherlands, well-intentioned physicians among them, began a process that has made physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia common practice there today. In the Netherlands, in April 2001, a law was passed that allows physicians to perform euthanasia but only when the patient has expressed explicitly the desire to die in order to prevent or end unacceptable suffer. Additionally, the physician must also agree with the patient that he suffers unacceptably and can only co-operate when he or she has consulted two colleagues who agree that euthanasia is acceptable in the given case and under the given circumstances. Given all these conditions, the physician needs the substances with which he can help the patient.
法律英语第七课 Criminal Law_OK
• 手枪意外走火，杀死被抢劫的受害者、旁观者 或警察
• A dangerous crime as robbery satisfies the requirem ent of malice
• 抢劫这样的危险犯罪构成恶意的条件
2021/6/28
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Co-felons guilty of murder 重罪共犯谋杀
Malice
A deliberate intention to take a way the life of a fellow creature 故意剥夺他人生命
No considerable provocation
没有出现相当程度的挑衅
An abandoned and malignant hea
2021/6/28
2021/6/28
9
Excusable homicide
• A person accidentally and without gross negligence causes the death of another individual.
没有严重过失
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10
Criminal homicide——有罪杀人
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• In such paramour killing cases the conviction rate is quite low. • 在杀死情敌的案例中，定罪率很低 • Concocted explanation of self-defense • 编造的有关自卫的解释 • Acquit根据“不成文法”作出的无罪判决
巨大挑衅
激情之下
故意杀人 2021/6/28
27
Voluntary manslaughter
• A dangerous crime as robbery satisfies the requirem ent of malice
• 抢劫这样的危险犯罪构成恶意的条件
2021/6/28
18
Co-felons guilty of murder 重罪共犯谋杀
Malice
A deliberate intention to take a way the life of a fellow creature 故意剥夺他人生命
No considerable provocation
没有出现相当程度的挑衅
An abandoned and malignant hea
2021/6/28
2021/6/28
9
Excusable homicide
• A person accidentally and without gross negligence causes the death of another individual.
没有严重过失
2021/6/28
10
Criminal homicide——有罪杀人
2021/6/28
31
• In such paramour killing cases the conviction rate is quite low. • 在杀死情敌的案例中，定罪率很低 • Concocted explanation of self-defense • 编造的有关自卫的解释 • Acquit根据“不成文法”作出的无罪判决
巨大挑衅
激情之下
故意杀人 2021/6/28
27
Voluntary manslaughter
7-criminal law
21
2020/2/5
Death penalty 死刑
• 在一些废除了死刑的州，考虑到 只要有杀人的结果，对抢劫的处 罚就应该重得多，因此，立法机 关规定，对杀人抢劫的处罚比无 致命抢劫的处罚多15年以上。
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2020/2/5
(b) Degrees of murder 恶意杀人罪的等级
• Varying penalties for murder
• 在抢劫犯罪或试图逃跑的过程中，一个 强盗的同伙故意杀死人，那么该强盗也 属于有恶意。
20
2020/2/5
每个参与者都有恶意
The dangerousness of the robbery itself
Act as an agent for the others in accomplishing their objective
• /
17
2020/2/5
• Killing during the course of a felony such as robbery.
• 在抢劫这样的重罪过程中杀人
• Gun goes off accidentally killing the robbery victim, or a bystander, or a police officer.
voluntary involuntary
Prison term: 1-14 years
26
2020/2/5
(a) Voluntary manslaughter 自愿性非恶意杀人，故意杀人
• An intentional killing upon “great provocation” and in the heat of “passion ”
法律英语法律出版社 各课课件第七课
commission of a forcible felony • 警察预防暴力性重罪 • To prevent a dangerous felon escaping • 防止危险的重罪犯逃跑
9
2020/8/12
Excusable homicide
• A person accidentally and without gross negligence causes the death of another individual.
2
2020/8/12
Background
• Model Penal Code
• Model Penal Code was created by a group of law professors, judges, and lawyers to offer a comprehensive revision of the criminal law. The Model Penal Code is not law and has no binding effect. It has, however, been the model for many state criminal codes and has been very influential on state and local legislators.
13
2020/8/12
1. Murder
• Killing a human being with “malice” 恶意、预谋杀人
California Penal Code
SECTION 187-199 ：Murder is the unlawful killing of a human being, or a fetus, with malice aforethought.
9
2020/8/12
Excusable homicide
• A person accidentally and without gross negligence causes the death of another individual.
2
2020/8/12
Background
• Model Penal Code
• Model Penal Code was created by a group of law professors, judges, and lawyers to offer a comprehensive revision of the criminal law. The Model Penal Code is not law and has no binding effect. It has, however, been the model for many state criminal codes and has been very influential on state and local legislators.
13
2020/8/12
1. Murder
• Killing a human being with “malice” 恶意、预谋杀人
California Penal Code
SECTION 187-199 ：Murder is the unlawful killing of a human being, or a fetus, with malice aforethought.
何家弘 法律英语 翻译 第七课 刑法
第七课刑法课文：杀人罪杀人（homicide）就是一个人杀掉另一个人。
但并非所有的杀人都是犯罪。
比如一个人在自卫当中杀掉另外一个人就不是犯罪，而是正当的杀人。
在警察为了制止暴力性重罪，如抢劫或入室盗窃，杀人是一种合理而必需的制止措施的时候，或者警察为了防止危险的重罪犯逃跑而将其杀死，都是正当的。
而且某些杀人行为也是可以宽恕的，如一个人在意外而且没有重大疏忽的情况下导致他人的死亡。
杀人如果没有法定的正当性或原因就构成有罪杀人。
它根据具体情况不同构成谋杀罪或过失杀人罪。
在我国早些时候以及在那时以前的英格兰，谋杀和过失杀人犯罪的要件是由法院裁决规定的。
这些裁决被认为是“普通法”。
后来，大多数州的谋杀和非预谋杀人都由立法以单行法规形式或者作为刑法典的某个条文进行了重新定义。
第一部分谋杀根据普通法，谋杀是有“预谋”的杀人，而且在当今的一些立法和法典中也有这种“预谋”的要求。
比如，《加利福尼亚刑法典》就保留了这一点。
与普通法一样，该法典规定：“……预谋可以是明示的也可以是默示的。
在明显故意夺取他人生命的情况下，就是明示的。
而在没有故意挑衅或者在该杀人行为的有关情况表明了一颗冷酷邪恶之心的情况下，就是暗示的。
”一个人故意将他人推下悬崖就是明显表明具有明示的预谋的一个例子。
暗示的预谋的一个例子是一个人仅仅为了吓唬一列正在行进中的列车上的乘客或者为了展示它能够将子弹正好打过两节车厢之间而不会击中任何人而开枪的情况。
至于那些可以合理地归入这种行为范畴的杀人，该行为的危险性就是“预谋”的证明。
对于加利福尼亚法院或陪审团来说，它表明了“一颗冷酷邪恶之心”。
谋杀罪在一些州当中可判处死刑，在另一些州仅判处终身监禁或若干年徒刑。
（a）重罪中的谋杀预谋要件得以满足的另一个例子是在诸如抢劫之类的重罪中杀人。
即使抢劫者的枪走火致使抢劫受害人或旁观者或警察死亡，其实施诸如抢劫之类的危险犯罪的行为就满足了预谋的要求，因此这种杀人可按谋杀罪惩处。
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▪ Varying penalties for murder
First degree murder
punishable by death or long imprisonment
Second degree murdepenalty
2021/4/2
法律英语
29
First degree murder
▪ A “willful, deliberate and premeditated” killing, such as a poisoning or a killing during the commission of a dangerous felony
– William Shensto, British poet
人们通常会发现，法律就是这样的一种 网，触犯法律的人，小的可以穿网而过， 大的可以破网而出，只有中等的才会坠 入网中。
– 英国诗人 申斯通 W
2021/4/2
法律英语
2
▪ It is better to fight for justice than to rail at the ill.
or a bystander, or a police officer. ▪ 手枪意外走火，杀死被抢劫的受害者、旁观者或警
察
▪ A dangerous crime as robbery satisfies the requirement of malice
▪ 抢劫这样的危险犯罪构成恶意的条件
2021/4/2
▪ /model-penal-
code.htm
2021/4/2
法律英语
10
刑法的三个主要问题
➢ Crime—felony; misdemeanor
▪ Punishment – guidelines for sentencing (量 刑指南)
2021/4/2
法律英语
7
Words
justifiable 合法的、正当的 justifiable defense justifiable homicide
刑罚名称：
death penalty
death penalty with a reprieve
penalty for life
fixed-term imprisonment
▪ 在抢劫者与警察的交火过程中，一个警察意 外地被另一个警察打死。
2021/4/2
法律英语
26
每个参与者都有恶意
The dangerousness of the robbery itself
Act as an agent for the others in accomplishing their objective
Lesson Seven
Criminal Law
2021/4/2
法律英语
1
Laws are generally found to be nets of such a texture, as the little creep through, the great break through, and the middle-sized are alone entangled in .
Alfreds Tennyson, British writer
▪ 与其责骂罪恶，不如伸张正义。
英国作家 丁尼生 A
2021/4/2
法律英语
3
Background
★ 美国刑法的主要渊源是：联邦宪法、源于英国并且在各州 得到不同发展的关于惩罚犯罪的普通法、州刑法和联邦刑 法。但是刑法主要还是属于各州的司法管辖权范围。
法律英语
18
1. Murder
▪ Killing a human being with “malice” 恶意、 预谋杀人
California Penal Code
SECTION 187-199 ：Murder is the unlawful killing of a human being, or a fetus, with malice aforethought.
▪ Felony – murder ：a murder that occurs
while the accused is in the act of committing another felony, such as armed robbery. Felony murder carries a heavier sentence than plain murder.
2021/4/2
法律英语
21
Penalty for murder
▪ Death ▪ 死刑 ▪ Prison terms extending to “life” ▪ 终身监禁 ▪ Prison to a special number of years ▪ 一定年限的监禁
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法律英语
22
(a) Felony – murder 重罪恶意谋杀
没有严重过失
2021/4/2
法律英语
16
Criminal homicide——有罪杀人
▪ A killing amounts to a criminal homicide when it done without lawful justification or excuse.
murder
恶意杀人 谋杀
▪ Criminal liability
Capital punishment
DEATH PENALTY
2021/4/2
法律英语
11
2021/4/2
法律英语
12
Insanity defense 精神不正常辩护
Ronald Reagan
J20o21h/4/2n Hinckley
法律英语
13
TEXT Homicide
法律英语
24
Malice
▪ Malice may also be attributed to a robber whose partner in the crime intentionally kills someone during the commission of the crime or the attempted escape.
2021/4/2
法律英语
27
Death penalty 死刑
▪ 在一些废除了死刑的州，考虑到只要 有杀人的结果，对抢劫的处罚就应该 重得多，因此，立法机关规定，对杀 人抢劫的处罚比无致命抢劫的处罚多 15年以上。
2021/4/2
法律英语
28
(b) Degrees of murder 恶意杀人罪的等级
manslaughter
非恶意杀人 非预谋杀人
2021/4/2
法律英语
17
The elements of the crimes of murder Courts decisions
Legislatures
Common law
Separate statute
2021/4/2
Criminal code
▪ 有意的、故意的、有预谋的杀人，比如投毒， 或者在危险的重罪发生过程中杀人。
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法律英语
30
Common law
An abandoned and malignant heart
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冷酷邪法恶律英语的心
20
Express malice vs. Implied malice
Push another off the side of a mountain
Fire a rifle at a moving passenger train
▪ /
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法律英语
23
▪ Killing during the course of a felony such as robbery. ▪ 在抢劫这样的重罪过程中杀人 ▪ Gun goes off accidentally killing the robbery victim,
2021/4/2
法律英语
19
Malice
▪ Express malice——明示恶意
▪ Implied malice——暗示恶意
A deliberate intention to take
away the life of a fellow creature 故意剥夺他人生命
No considerable provocation 没有出现相当程度的挑衅
▪ 在抢劫犯罪或试图逃跑的过程中，一个强盗的 同伙故意杀死人，那么该强盗也属于有恶意。
2021/4/2
法律英语
25
Co-felons guilty of murder 重罪共犯谋杀
▪ In the course of an exchange of shots between robbers and the police, a police officer is accidentally killed by another officer.
penal servitude
put (sb.) under public surveillance
2021/4/2
法律英语
8
▪ CLICK TO ADD TEXT
2021/4/2
法律英语
9
Background
▪ Model Penal Code
▪ Model Penal Code was created by a group of law professors, judges, and lawyers to offer a comprehensive revision of the criminal law. The Model Penal Code is not law and has no binding effect. It has, however, been the model for many state criminal codes and has been very influential on state and local legislators.
First degree murder
punishable by death or long imprisonment
Second degree murdepenalty
2021/4/2
法律英语
29
First degree murder
▪ A “willful, deliberate and premeditated” killing, such as a poisoning or a killing during the commission of a dangerous felony
– William Shensto, British poet
人们通常会发现，法律就是这样的一种 网，触犯法律的人，小的可以穿网而过， 大的可以破网而出，只有中等的才会坠 入网中。
– 英国诗人 申斯通 W
2021/4/2
法律英语
2
▪ It is better to fight for justice than to rail at the ill.
or a bystander, or a police officer. ▪ 手枪意外走火，杀死被抢劫的受害者、旁观者或警
察
▪ A dangerous crime as robbery satisfies the requirement of malice
▪ 抢劫这样的危险犯罪构成恶意的条件
2021/4/2
▪ /model-penal-
code.htm
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刑法的三个主要问题
➢ Crime—felony; misdemeanor
▪ Punishment – guidelines for sentencing (量 刑指南)
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Words
justifiable 合法的、正当的 justifiable defense justifiable homicide
刑罚名称：
death penalty
death penalty with a reprieve
penalty for life
fixed-term imprisonment
▪ 在抢劫者与警察的交火过程中，一个警察意 外地被另一个警察打死。
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每个参与者都有恶意
The dangerousness of the robbery itself
Act as an agent for the others in accomplishing their objective
Lesson Seven
Criminal Law
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Laws are generally found to be nets of such a texture, as the little creep through, the great break through, and the middle-sized are alone entangled in .
Alfreds Tennyson, British writer
▪ 与其责骂罪恶，不如伸张正义。
英国作家 丁尼生 A
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Background
★ 美国刑法的主要渊源是：联邦宪法、源于英国并且在各州 得到不同发展的关于惩罚犯罪的普通法、州刑法和联邦刑 法。但是刑法主要还是属于各州的司法管辖权范围。
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1. Murder
▪ Killing a human being with “malice” 恶意、 预谋杀人
California Penal Code
SECTION 187-199 ：Murder is the unlawful killing of a human being, or a fetus, with malice aforethought.
▪ Felony – murder ：a murder that occurs
while the accused is in the act of committing another felony, such as armed robbery. Felony murder carries a heavier sentence than plain murder.
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Penalty for murder
▪ Death ▪ 死刑 ▪ Prison terms extending to “life” ▪ 终身监禁 ▪ Prison to a special number of years ▪ 一定年限的监禁
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(a) Felony – murder 重罪恶意谋杀
没有严重过失
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Criminal homicide——有罪杀人
▪ A killing amounts to a criminal homicide when it done without lawful justification or excuse.
murder
恶意杀人 谋杀
▪ Criminal liability
Capital punishment
DEATH PENALTY
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Insanity defense 精神不正常辩护
Ronald Reagan
J20o21h/4/2n Hinckley
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TEXT Homicide
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Malice
▪ Malice may also be attributed to a robber whose partner in the crime intentionally kills someone during the commission of the crime or the attempted escape.
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Death penalty 死刑
▪ 在一些废除了死刑的州，考虑到只要 有杀人的结果，对抢劫的处罚就应该 重得多，因此，立法机关规定，对杀 人抢劫的处罚比无致命抢劫的处罚多 15年以上。
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(b) Degrees of murder 恶意杀人罪的等级
manslaughter
非恶意杀人 非预谋杀人
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The elements of the crimes of murder Courts decisions
Legislatures
Common law
Separate statute
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Criminal code
▪ 有意的、故意的、有预谋的杀人，比如投毒， 或者在危险的重罪发生过程中杀人。
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Common law
An abandoned and malignant heart
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冷酷邪法恶律英语的心
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Express malice vs. Implied malice
Push another off the side of a mountain
Fire a rifle at a moving passenger train
▪ /
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▪ Killing during the course of a felony such as robbery. ▪ 在抢劫这样的重罪过程中杀人 ▪ Gun goes off accidentally killing the robbery victim,
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Malice
▪ Express malice——明示恶意
▪ Implied malice——暗示恶意
A deliberate intention to take
away the life of a fellow creature 故意剥夺他人生命
No considerable provocation 没有出现相当程度的挑衅
▪ 在抢劫犯罪或试图逃跑的过程中，一个强盗的 同伙故意杀死人，那么该强盗也属于有恶意。
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Co-felons guilty of murder 重罪共犯谋杀
▪ In the course of an exchange of shots between robbers and the police, a police officer is accidentally killed by another officer.
penal servitude
put (sb.) under public surveillance
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Background
▪ Model Penal Code
▪ Model Penal Code was created by a group of law professors, judges, and lawyers to offer a comprehensive revision of the criminal law. The Model Penal Code is not law and has no binding effect. It has, however, been the model for many state criminal codes and has been very influential on state and local legislators.