2016届上海市黄浦区高三一模英语试题及答案

黄浦区2015学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间：120分钟满分：150分）2016年1月5日下午第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)ChicagoChicago is an incredible city and a key business center for the Midwest. That means that sooner or later most business travelers (25)_______(find) themselves there. This City Guide for Chicago provides business travelers with all the information they need (26)_______(plan) a successful trip to Chicago. Of course, it also help you find out how to enjoy (27)_______ while you’re there.Unless you’re just in Chicago for the day, there’s a good chance that you’ll have some time after work to explore the sleepless city and (28)_______ you’re ready to take a break fr om business meetings or simply want to throw in some sightseeing after a busy week at work. (29)_______ _______ _______ help business travelers plan their free time better, we’ve created this overview of things to do in Chicago. We’ll help you feel at home in one of America’s biggest cities.If you’re mainly going to be downtown, the buses and trains and taxis can pretty quickly move you around. To make it easy, we’ve pulled together a complete list of the transportation options for business travelers to Chicago. Of course, business travelers (30)_______ also want to compare prices on rental cars in Chicago, especially if they need transportation to the surrounding suburbs.Chicago has a huge range of dining options. You can always get some real comfort food there, but when it comes to business lunches or dinners, it’s nice to have something a little (31)_______(nice).Chicago is a wonderful city for business travelers. Hotel options range from ultra-fancy in town to cheap and convenient in the subur bs. While it’s relatively easy to move around Chicago, it’s still a good idea for business travelers to know (32)_______ they need to be during the day and to select a hotel nearby. Alternatively, you can select a hotel that’s in the heart of the downtown area.(B)Special Public BudgetGraffiti (涂鸦) Vandalism (故意破坏公物的行为)in Adelaide costs the public purse more than two million dollars a year, which (33)_______(reveal). Ratepayers and taxpayers foot the bill forcontinual cleanups of graffiti from metropolitan bus shelters, public buildings and reserves, TransAdelaide alone spends about one million dollars a year (34)_______(remove) graffiti from buses and trains. And Adelaide’s 27 metropolitan councils expect to spend at least one million dollars this financial year on graffiti clean-ups.However, costs would be hundreds of thousands of dollars higher (35)_______ councils did not rely on volunteers or criminals serving community service orders to do the work. Glenelg Council, for example, has a Correctional Services Department team which removes graffiti from the foreshore area at least once a week. Other councils, (36)_______ Elizabeth, Noarlunga and Payneham, have employed special anti-graffiti officers. Salisbury is among those councils (37)_______ call on a data bank of volunteers to immediately paint out graffiti “tags”.Despite the “tagging”of the War Memorial on North Terrace (38)_______ (follow) by the public outcry 18 months ago, several councils have reported a significant increase in graffiti attacks.“We have budgeted $53,200 for clean-ups this year, but we will go over that. Each year the budget goes up by 15 or 20 per cent,” an Elizabeth City Council spokesman said yesterday, “It really is (39)_______ enormous social problem.”A spokesman for Stirling Council said his council could easily spend $20,000 a year on graffiti, but could not afford $6,000 for the most offensive or obvious work. “It’s not a matter of how much graffiti you have, (40)_______ how much you can afford to clean up,” he said.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beChinese traders were recorded as making voyages to the north coast of Australia from the 1750s, but were probably visiting Australia long before. Chinese men arrived in Australia in small numbers after the 1788 British settlement as free settlers and criminals. A small population grew rapidly after 1848 under a system of indentured（契约的）labour, after China had __41__ its ports to foreign trade in 1842. They worked in rural New South Wales as cooks, farm labourers and etc.Indentured Chinese __42__ worked in all colonies variously as station hands, plantation workers, miners, on public works, cabinet makers, personal servants and in laundries. Most came from the south-eastern provinces of Guangdong and Fujian.Due to labour __43__ in West Australia, the Colonial Government organized Chinese contract labour between 1847 and 1898, most working as labourers, cooks and gardeners. Many Chinese people came from rural backgrounds and brought with them __44__ and water management skills. By 1885, there were 54 Chinese market gardens in Sydney. By 1901, 67% of New South Wales market gardeners were Chinese.Gold rushes in Victoria in the 1850s and New South Wales in the 1860s significantly __45__ the population of Chinese immigrants in Australia; about 45,000 prospectors arrived in Victoria alone in 1854-58. Numbers continued to increase as gold and other __46__ were discovered inQueensland, Northern Territory and Tasmania.When mining became less __47__, many Chinese people worked successfully to provide goods and services such as furniture making, market gardening, fishing and, particularly, store-keeping including the import and export of goods from overseas. Chinese goods, especially tea, silk, vegetables, herbs and other spices were highly sought after items of trade by non-Chinese people. Tea rooms, importing and selling many varieties of tea, were very popular. Chinese silk was turned into __48__ evening wear and cloaks by Chinese tailors and seamstresses.Today there is a culturally diverse Chinese __49__ in Australia with links to south-eastern China as well as Vietnam and Hong Kong. The Chinese communities in Australia are brought together every year by __50__ of Lunar New Year.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.New Tech Network, a new education organization, strives to ensure all students have the skills, knowledge, and attributes they need to thrive in post-secondary education, career and civic life.New Tech Network cooperates with district leaders, administrators, and teachers who share a common purpose: to provide an education in which students acquire knowledge and develop skills vital to __51__ in the post-secondary path of their choosing. The New Tech design is simply a blueprint, __52__ a set of core beliefs, tools, and strategies to help each school fulfill its purpose. New Tech design principles provide for an __53__ approach centered on project-based learning, a culture that enables students and teachers, and the use of technology in the classroom. Through extensive professional development, personalized coaching, and access to Echo, New Tech Network, a learning __54__ system, enables principals, teachers, and students to develop relevant and meaningful learning communities.TEACHING THAT ENGAGESA K-12 PathwayThrough project-based learning, internships（见习期）, dual enrollment, and other experiences in New Tech schools, students are well __55__ post-secondary pursuits.__56__, New Tech Network has worked with public school districts to redesign high schools. More recently, however, New Tech Network is partnering with several school districts to __57__ New Tech middle schools and elementary schools. In some districts, this provides students with a K-12 pathway. In elementary and middle schools, the design principles are the same—teaching that engages, culture that empowers, and technology that enables. As the elementary and middle schools mature, New Network will measure success on student __58__.Learning __59__The years spent in a New Tech school allow students to gain the academic and deeper learning skills necessary for success in any post-secondary option. New Tech students learn disciplinaryknowledge and skills to conduct inquiry and solve real-world problems. Throughout a project, they cooperate with peers, facilitators, and experts in the field. Students __60__ their learning through effective oral and written communication for authentic audiences.Ownership of their learning experience and engagement in relevant and challenging tasks helps students develop a sense of agency, a skill essential to success in __61__, career, and civic duty.Project-Based LearningProject-based learning is at the heart of New Tech Network’s instructional approach. Students cooperate on projects, ranging in __62__ from two to eight weeks, which require critical thinking and communication. Projects often occur in integrated subject area courses, where Entry Events, the Need-to-Know (NTK) process, and skill building workshops support student-centred learning. During projects, students often engage with subject matter experts who provide feedback on real-world products. Through project-based learning, students not only master __63__ content, but also successfully apply content when solving authentic problems.__64__ -Based InternshipsNew Tech students also engage in experiences designed to prepare them for success in the contemporary workplace. By cooperating with others on projects, students acquire a level of responsibility similar to a __65__ work environment. Students engage with field experts and community stakeholders(利益相关者) during projects, and final products are presented to authentic audiences. Additionally, two-thirds of New Tech high schools offer such practical activities, with nearly half of all seniors participating.51. A. success B. rescue C. survival D. reform52. A. owing to B. getting rid of C. depending on D. accompanied by53. A. intermediate B. intelligent C. instructional D. informative54. A. innovation B. requirement C. management D. negotiation55. A. related to B. prepared for C. classified by D. compared with56. A. Accidentally B. Accordingly C. Absolutely D. Historically57. A. evaluate B. observe C. connect D. create58. A. teaching B. learning C. engaging D. developing59. A. Problems B. Outcomes C. Strategies D. Discipline60. A. demonstrate B. promote C. highlight D. motivate61. A. elementary schools B. middle schoolsC. high schoolsD. college62. A. length B. courses C. topics D. targets63. A. advanced B. academic C. complex D. adequate64. A. Network B. Workshop C. Community D. College65. A. permanent B. professional C. popular D. familiarSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Rosalind Franklin always liked facts. She was logical and precise, and impatient with things that were otherwise. She decided to become a scientist when she was 15. She passed the examination for admission to Cambridge University in 1938, and it sparked a family crisis. Although her family was well-to-do and had a tradition of public service and charity, her fatherdisapproved of university education for women. He refused to pay. An auntstepped in and said Franklin should go to school, and she would pay for it.Franklin’s mother also took her side until her father finally gave in.She was invited to King’s College in London to join a team of scientists.The leader of the team assigned her to work on DNA with a graduate student.Franklin’s assumption was that it was her own project. The laboratory’ssecond-in-command, Maurice Wilkins, was on vacation at the time, and whenhe returned, their relationship was puzzling. He assumed she was to assist his work; she assumed she’d be the only one working on DNA. They had powerful personality differences as well: Franklin direct, quick, decisive, and Wilkins shy, hesitant, and passive.In 1953, Wilkins changed the course of DNA history by disclosing, without Franklin’s permission, her Photo 51 to competing scientist James Watson, who was working on his own DNA model with Francis Crick at Cambridge. Upon seeing the photograph, Watson said, “My jaw fell open and my pulse began to race,”according to author Brenda Maddox who wrote the book Rosalind Franklin: The Dark Lady of DNA.The two scientists did in fact use what they saw in Photo 51 as the basis for their famous model of DNA, which they published on March 7, 1953, and for which they received a Nobel Prize in 1962. Crick and Watson were also able to take most of the credit for the finding: they included a footnote acknowledging that they were “stimulated by a general knowledge”of Franklin’s and Wilkin’s unpublished contribution, when much of their work was rooted in Franklin’s photo and findings. Franklin didn’t know that these men based their article on her research, and she didn’t complain either, likely as a result of her upbringing. Franklin “didn’t do anything that would invite criticism…(that was) bred into her,” Maddox said.66. Wilkins’ relationship with Franklin was characterized by __________.A. unity and harmonyB. confusion and competitionC. cooperation and miscommunicationD. misunderstanding and conflict67. What does Watson mean by saying “My jaw fell open and my pulse began to race”?A. He was confused that Crick had not made this discovery.B. He was surprised that Wilkins had discovered this information.C. He was satisfied with the importance of Photo 51.D. He was anxious about the progress Wilkins and Franklin had made.68. What is Brenda Maddox’s main intention according to the quote in the last paragraph?A. To re-evaluate the importance of the DNA model.B. To criticize King’s College and Cambridge.C. To emphasize Franklin’s importance in science.D. To deny Watson’s and Crick’s contribution to science.69. Franklin’s career as a scientist demonstrates _________.A. that her work was pointing at the most difficult problemB. that she was the only female scientist during the periodC. the importance of DNA in modern scienceD. that perseverance leads to success and recognition of field scientists(B)ReviewsCultual Breaks by Brian AldissReviewed by Paul KincaidBrian Aldiss is an amazing and frustrating writer. When he is on song, his style is forceful, disturbing and delectable. But he is a restless writer. He came into his own in the enthusiastic and experimental atmosphere of the New Wave, and he has been driven to try the new and the different ever since. That he is still experimenting now, 50 years after his first appearance, is a measure of a man who has never been prepared to settle back on his laurels.The Secrets of Jin-Shei by Alma AlexanderReviewed by Donna McMahonWith so many fantasy novels using European-derived settings and mythology, ancient China makes a refreshing change. The landscape is tempting and yet familiar enough to feel very real, and the author uses magic sparingly, in ways appropriate to her society. This and the complex detail put into the backdrop makes the novel feel very much like historical fiction.Straken by Terry BrooksReviews by Nathan BrazilThe third novel in the High Druid of Shannara series jumps straight backinto the story where it left off. It continues the quest of unlikely heroPenderrin Ohmsford. Now equipped with the means to break in –andback out- of the Forbidding, where his aunt, the overthrown Ard Phys ofDruids, is stranded, Pen must first get back to Paranor. His rescue attemptcan only begin from within the chamber where Grianne Ohmsforddisappeared. Unfortunately, this will deliver him straight into the hands ofthose responsible for his aunt’s disappearance.70. The reviewer admires Brian Aldiss’ ability to ___________.A. write so many novelsB. continue to be inventive in his writingC. write disturbing plotsD. have a writing career spanning over four decades71. Why does the setting of Jin-Shei appeal to the reviewer?A. It is a good science of fiction setting.B. It is mysterious.C. It is a less common choice of setting.D. It is very magical.72. Terry Brook’s novel continues a series on ___________.A. the adventures of an unsuspecting hero and his attempts to rescue his auntB. a quest about the High Druid of Shannara in a secret chamber in ParanorC. the disappearance of a druid which foils the plans of the enemiesD. liberating a stranded aunt who is key to the knowledge of the Forbidding(C)Aisling’s mother died at midsummer. She had fallen sick so suddenly that some of the villagers wondered if the fairies had come and taken her, for she was still young and beautiful. She was buried three days later beneath the hawthorn tree(山楂树) behind the house, just as twilight was darkening the sky.Maire Solanya, the village greenwitch, came that evening to perform the old rituals over the grave. She stood at the foot of the mound of black soil. Aisling and her father stood at the head of it, resting on the simple headstone, was the burning candle. Aisling’s father had lit it shortly after Elinor died, and it would burn all night. The gravestone was a plain piece of slate carved with her name: Elinor. Grass and tree roots would grow up around it as the years passed, until it would seem as if it had always been there.Maire Solanya said in her low, clear voice, “Life to life, from breath to breath, we rememberElinor.” She held a round loaf of bread in her hands. She tore off a small piece and ate it, chewing deliberately, before handing the loaf to Aisling’s father. He pulled off his own piece, then passed it to his daughter. It was still warm, and it smelled like her mother’s kitchen after baking. But it hadn’t come from her mother’s hands, and that realization made a lump rise in her throat. The bread was tasteless.Maire Solanya took the loaf from her, its crust(面包皮) gaping open, and placed it on the gravestone next to the candle. Aisling couldn’t shake the feeling that her mother had merely gone out on an errand and would come home at any moment and wonder what the three of them were doing. It didn’t seem possible that she was buried there, at the foot of the hawthorn tree, in the ground. It was easier to believe the village rumors than to sit with the ache inside herself.She remembered those rumors now, while she stood with her father and Maire Solanya in a tense silence. Everyone had always said that Elinor had some magic in her, and everyone knew that fairies – if they existed – were drawn to that. So Aisling’s father had ordered all the old rituals, even though he did not believe in them, just in case. She was not entirely sure what she herself believed, but she knew that her mother would want them to do these rituals for her, and that was enough.When the sun slipped below the horizon, the greenwitch said, “Sleep in peace, Elinor,”and scattered a gold powder over the grave to bind Elinor to the earth. On the freshly turned soil, the gold glittered like fairly dust.73. Aisling and her family are most likely __________.A. fairlies in disquiseB. simple village folkC. wealthy farmersD. experienced bakers74. Maire Solanya performed the rituals in order to __________.A. express thanks to the fairiesB. protect the hawthorn treeC. respect Elinor’s wishesD. capture Elinor’s spirit75. Which of the following does not describe Elinor?A. A believer in magic.B. Practical.C. Skilled at baking.D. Youthful.76. Which statement best describes Aisling’s belief in fairies?A. She is uncertain and finds the idea unsettling.B. She finds the idea comforting but is unsure.C. She is certain they exist and wishes they would bring back her mother.D. She believes strongly in the power of their rituals but not in their existence.77. Why did Aisling find the bread “tasteless”?A. It reminded her of her mother’s absence.B. It was a terribly rude thing to eat at her mother’s funeral.C. Solanya was really a poor baker in the village.D. There had not been sufficient ingredients to make the bread.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．成本问题在我们的决定中起着很大的作用。