邢帅教育英语四级教程--语法之定语从句
Unit4-语法:定语从句(关系代词)

Unit4 语法:定语从句(关系代词)定义:修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
引导定语从句的叫关系词,关系词代替先行词在从句中充当基本句子成分: 关系代词作主语、宾语、表语或定语; 关系副词作状语。
找出下面例句的定语从句,先行词以及关系词在从句中所作的成分There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.Do you know the man who they are talking with?定语从句分类:a. 限制性定语从句:这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开。
Eg: What is the name of the tall man who just came in?b. 非限制性定语从句:这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开,不用that引导。
Eg: Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a very long history.关系代词:which,that,who,whom,whose , as注意:定语从句从来不用what 引导。
(一)限制性定语从句关系代词的用法:1. who只能指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。
如:A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student(作)Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins.(作)2. whom只能指人,是who的宾格,在从句中作宾语,常省略。
Rose is the person who/whom you should care about. (作)3. that既可指人,又可指物,在从句中既可以作主语,又可作宾语。
作宾语时可以省略,The suitcase that lies on the ground is hers.(关系代词指, 在从句中作)The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.(关系代词指, 在从句中作)The passenger and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane. (关系代词指, 在从句中作)4. which一般指物,在从句中可作主语,也可以作宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。
(完整版)定语从句语法详解

定语从句语法专题(Attributive Clauses)教案一. 定语从句的概述:1.定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
在句中做定语,被修饰的名词或代词,叫做先行词。
从句通常放在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
eg She is the girl(who got the first prize.)girl先行词who充当从句主语, 从句做定语修饰girlThis is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。
the boy是先行词, who broke the window是限制性定语从句, 明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语That is the house where he lived ten years ago.He is the man who/that lives next door.He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句复合句: 是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子, 复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的的主语和谓语, 主句是复合句的主体, 可以独立存在, 从句需要有一个连词引导, 是修饰说明主句的, 不能独立存在, 根据在句中的不同作用, 从句可以分为三类: 定语从句, 名词性从句, 状语从句。
二. 引导定语从句的关系词有两大类:1.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词: that, who, whom, whose, which, as(主, 宾, 定)关系副词: when, where, why.(状语)2.关系词的作用:(1)引导定语从句, 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用;(2)代替先行词在句中充当成分。
专四定语从句语法点

专四定语从句语法点专四定语从句语法点引导语:定语从句,一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。
下面是店铺为大家精心整理的专四定语从句语法点,欢迎阅读!专四定语从句语法点关系代词:which(指sth 作主语或宾语),that(指sb或sth 作主语或宾语),who(指sb作主语或宾语),whom(指sb作宾语),whose(指sb或sth,作定语),as(指sb,sth 作主语或宾语);注意: 做宾语的时候,关系代词可以省略。
关系副词:when(指时间on which),where(指地点at which),why(指原因 for which)考点1. 先行词为人时引导词who和that(1) 只能用who不用that:1)当先行词为one(s), anyone, those 时;2)当先行词为人称代词时。
(2) 只能用that不用who:1)当主句已经出现who时。
2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
1. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _that______ he was twenty years ago.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom考点2. 先行词为物时引导词that和which(1) 只能用that不用which:1)先行词为much, little, few, nothing, none, anything, no, all等不定代词。
2)先行词既有人又有物。
3)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰。
4)先行词被the very, the only, the last, just, all, any, every, no等修饰。
5)关系代词在从句中作表语。
6) 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中。
7) 主句是there be句型。
大学英语四级考试语法:—定语从句

大学英语四级考试语法:—定语从句很多同学在大学英语四级考试中会存在一些误区,认为语法不那么重要,其实英语语法是学习英语的指南,对我们帮助很大。
以下是小编给大家整理的大学英语四级考试语法:—定语从句,希望可以帮到大家1、mary is a beautiful girl.名词的扩展靠限定,最基本的就是在名词的前面增加一个形容词这样的定语,上面的句子就是表语girl的前面加了一个形容词。
显然,如果只是mary is a girl这样的句子会让人觉得非常枯燥,没有什么意义,所传递的信息量极其有限。
所以,名词前面加定语,可以使被限定的名词更加生动,更加形象而富有生命。
如果要对名词给出更多限定,挖掘更多内部信息,我们可以在名词前面加多个定语来限定,如mary is a beautiful chinese girl.放在名词前面起到限定作用的定语有很多种形式,形容词,名词,动词现在分词,动词过去分词等。
虽然形式多样,但是这类定语还是比较好理解,只要顺着句子的顺序,就基本可以明白是怎么回事。
2、the computer that i bought yesterday works well.有时候,我们需要对名词给出很多的说明,用大量的信息来限定名词。
这时,如果还是把长长的限定成分放在名词前面,就会头重脚轻,所以英语中会用跟在名词后面的定语从句来限定前面的名词。
根据定语的功能还可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
两者的区别在于前者与被限定名词之间没有逗号,而后者则有逗号隔开;前者起到限定作用,不可或缺,后者起到补充作用,舍去后对剩余部分影响不大。
本句子通过“that i bought yesterday”这个that引导的定语从句,使得主语the computer得到限定而明确,是我昨天买的计算机而不是别的。
如果明白了这个名词可以通过后面加定语从句来扩展,我们的句子马上可以变得复杂起来,请看下例:another popular spectator sport, which is known as the sport of kings, is horse-racing, which is controlled by the jockey club.译文:另一种以特大型运动著称的流行观赏运动是赛马,这种比赛由赛马总会控制。
定语从句的详细讲解

定语从句的详细讲解一、定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why 等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)The coat (that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作主语)The film (which)we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。
在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。
例如:The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
英语定语从句语法详解

英语定语从句语法详解定语从句是英语中非常重要的一个语法结构,用于修饰名词或代词,并且在句子中起到定语的作用。
在本文中,我们将详细介绍英语定语从句的概念、用法以及常见的引导词。
一、定语从句的概念和用途定语从句是由一个句子作为整体,用来修饰名词或代词的句子。
它可以提供进一步的信息,使得句子更加具体明确。
定语从句通常放置在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
In this sentence, "that I bought yesterday"是一个定语从句,修饰名词"book",进一步解释了这本书的情况。
二、引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
常见的关系代词有:who、whom、whose、which、that等;常见的关系副词有:when、where、why等。
1. 关系代词的用法a. who/whom/whose:用于人。
who用作主语或宾语,whom用作宾语,而whose表示所有关系。
例如:The man who is standing over there is my father.那个站在那里的人是我爸爸。
The boy whom I met yesterday is my classmate.我昨天遇到的那个男孩是我的同学。
This is the house whose roof is red.这是一座屋顶是红色的房子。
b. which/that:用于物。
which用作主语或宾语,that可用作主语、宾语或定语。
例如:The car which/that is parked in front of the house is mine.停在房子前面的那辆车是我的。
The book which/that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。
大学英语四六级等级考试定语从句
定语从句目录·定语从句·(序)·(一)限定性定语从句·(二)非限定性定语从句·(三)定语从句及相关术语·(四)关系代词引导的定语从句·(五)注意·(六)关系副词引导的定语从句·(七)判断关系代词与关系副词·(八)介词+关系词·(十)先行词和关系词二合一·(十一as)which 非限定性定语从句·(十二)关系代词that 的用法·(十三)难点分析定语从句(序)1定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句.2定语从句用来修饰名词,代词或整个主句.3定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。
4定语从句存在的条件:先行词+关系词(有的版本作关联词)+从句(一)限定性定语从句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢I like the place which I livedI like the place which I stayedI like the place which I visited4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句6. when引导定语从句表示时间[注]值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格(二)非限定性定语从句不能用that 引导非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom 代表人,用which代表事物.(三)定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
英语专四语法之定语从句
英语专四语法之定语从句
定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它用于描述或限定句子中的某个名词或代词。
定语从句通常由关系代词(如who, whom, whose, which, that)引导,这些代词在从句中分别作主语、宾语、所有格、指示词等。
定语从句的位置可以在名词前面或后面,它通常用于修饰一些特定的人、事、物或概念。
例如,我们可以说“the book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting”,这句话中“that I borrowed from the library”就是一个定语从句,用于修饰名词“book”。
在使用定语从句时,我们需要注意以下几点:
1. 关系代词的选择:不同的关系代词用于不同的情况,需要根
据先行词的性质和定语从句的意义来选择。
2. 从句的位置:定语从句可以放在名词前或名词后,但从句的
位置会影响句子的语调和语气。
3. 从句的语态:定语从句的语态需要与主句的语态保持一致,
如主句是被动语态,从句也需要使用被动语态。
定语从句是英语学习中的重点和难点之一,需要我们进行反复练习和巩固。
只有通过不断的实践和总结,我们才能掌握定语从句的用法和技巧,从而提高我们的英语语言能力。
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英语专四语法之定语从句
英语专四语法之定语从句
定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,在英语专四考试中也占有重要地位。
定语从句可以用来修饰一个名词或代词,并且能够起到更精确、更具体的描述作用。
定语从句的引导词主要有关系代词和关系副词两种类型。
其中,关系代词包括that、who、whom、whose和which等,而关系副词则包括when、where和why等。
在定语从句的使用中,需要注意以下几点:
1.关系代词的选择应根据先行词的性质来确定。
2.定语从句中的谓语动词应与先行词在数和人称上保持一致。
3.定语从句的位置应与先行词的位置紧密相连。
4.关系代词who和whom的使用需要根据先行词在句子中的地位来选择。
除此之外,还需要注意避免使用重复的定语从句,以及注意定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别等问题。
总之,掌握好定语从句的使用方法,能够帮助我们更准确地表达意思,提高英语表达能力。
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四级定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句知识点整理
一、定语从句1.什么是定语从句?定语从句就是用一句话做定语,放在被修饰名词的后面。
This is a good book. 形容词作定语This is the book that got No.1 sale last week. 从句作定语This girl is my girlfriend. She is dancing with that guy.The girl / who is dancing with that guy is my girlfriend.she 指代的是the girl, 因此she 后面的内容就是修饰the girl, 两句话合并时,用who 代替the girl, 把从句嵌入原句中。
the girl 为先行词who 为关系词2.构成定语从句的两大要素(先行词,关系词)①先行词(定语从句所修饰名词)先行词可以是一个词,短语,一个分句,一个完整的句子He who laughs last laughs best.He likes climing mountains, which is a good exercise.He said that he had no time, which isn’t true.He arrived an hour later, which annoyed his girlfriend.②关系词(也可以称为引导词,引导从句)两大作用:连词作用和代词作用∴关系词分为:关系代词: who, that, which, whom, whose, (which, that 指物,who 作主语时指代人,whom 作宾部时指代人whose 指代所有格,…的)关系副词: when , where, whyPS: when = on/at whichwhere = in/on/at whichwhy = for whichI like people who are honest. 这里面who 指代的people, 作关系代词I like the library where I can read.where= in which, 引导的定语从句修饰library, 把library 带回定语从句中,Ican read in the library. 做状语,因此where 是关系副词。
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定语从句
1.定义: 在复合句中用来用来修饰名词或代词的
从句叫定语从句。 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫 2.先行词: 先行词(antecedent)。
3.关系代词、关系副词: 引导定语从句的词
关系代词: Who, whom, whose, which, that等
Summarize:
在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加 上which,在从句中作状语
When=in/at/on/…+which;
Where=in/at/on/…+which;
Why=for /…+which
Practice:
1.---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. (1999)
A 3. I don’t like __________ you speak to her. (1993上海)
A.the way C.the way which B.the way in that D.the way of which
Correct the following sentences:
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
定义: 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的
修饰成分,否则主句的意思不完整或不成立。 非限制性定语从句只对所修饰的词作进一步 的说明,去掉之后主句的意思照样完整。
Compare the following sentences: A man who does not try to learn from others can’t
A. what B. that C. which D. where
D she 2.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _______ could turn for help. (1992)
A.that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
There is no time that we can waste.
The car and its driver that knocked down the old lady have been taken to the police station.
Summarize: 只能用that引导定语从句的几种情况
1.This is the best film which I have seen. This is the best film that I have seen. 2.That’s all which want to say.
That’s all that I want to say.
3.Is there anything which you want in this
The room in which she lives is a large one.
关系副词when, where, why的用法
1.Do you still remember the day whenwe went to visit the museum together? Do you still remember the day on whichwe went to visit the museum together?
1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。
2)先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。
3)先行词是不定代词 all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等. 4)先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等 修饰。
关系副词: When, where, why等
关系代词和关系副词的作用:
Eg: 1.Those who want to go please sign your names here. 2.This is the house where he was born. 3. Bill, who was here yesterday, asked me a lot of questions.
3. A dictionary is a book which often helps us
to know the meanings of the words.
4. This is the film which I like best.
5. The boy whose father is a professor is one of
5)先行词既有人又有物时。
B.指物时,作介词的宾语,关系代词只能用which
This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.
Practice:
B he saw at the 1.They asked him to tell them everything _____ front.
shop? Is there anything that you want in this shop? 4.He talked about some writers and books which/who were unknown to us all.
He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all. 5.The room in that she lives is a large one.
*关系代词和人称代词/指示代词的选择
A ① He has three sons, none of _____ is a doctor. B is a ② He has three sons, but none of ____ doctor. D ③ He has three sons, _______ are doctors. ④ He has three sons; ____ C are doctors. A. whom B. them C. they D. who
A. which I think is
C. which I think it
B.which I think it is
D. I think which is
B I lived in the country 3.I shall never forget those years ______ with the farmers, __________ has a great effect on my life. (1994 上海)
2.This is the factory wheremy father once worked.
This is the factory in whichmy father once worked. 3.This is the reason whyhe was late.
This is the reason for which he was late.
1、引导作用
2、替代作用
3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
关系代词的用法
指 代 That Which Who Whom whose 人;物 物
人 人 人、物
所作成分 主语;宾语
是否可省略 作宾语可省
主语;宾语 作宾语可省 主语;宾语 宾语 定语 作宾语可省 可省 不可省
关系副词的用法指代来自所作成分A.where B. that C. which D. what
C 3.Do you still remember the day ___________ I first came to Beijing?
A. which B. that C. when D. where
• 关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分
A you had a few days off? --- Is that the reason_______
A.why B. when C. what D. where
A 2.I’m going to visit the school _________ my mother taught physics ten years ago.
B 1.________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (2001)
A.It B. As C. That D. What
Practice:
A 2.He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science. (1998)
同样是修饰一个地点,有时使用where,有时使用that/which; 同样是修饰一个时间,有时使用when, 有时使用that/which 主要看: 从句意思是否完整;完整的话需用关系副词,若意思 不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分。
请比较以下句子:
• This is the park that we visited last year.(从句意思不完整需 要加宾语) This is the park where we held a birthday party.(从句完整, 只需加上特定的关系副词) • That’s the date that she won’t forget for ever. That’s the date when we went to the college. • I like the time that we had together. I like the time when we lived together.