Level8.unit3-part3 the history of our world
00:00First, a video. Yes, it is a scrambled egg. But as you look at it, I hope you'll begin to feel just slightly uneasy. Because you may notice that what's actually happening is that the egg is unscrambling itself. And you'll now see the yolk and the white have separated. And now they're going to be poured back into the egg. And we all know in our heart of hearts that this is not the way the universe works. A scrambled egg is mush -- tasty mush -- but it's mush. An egg is a beautiful, sophisticated thing that can create even more sophisticated things, such as chickens. And we know in our heart of hearts that the universe does not travel from mush to complexity. In fact, this gut instinct is reflected in one of the most fundamental laws of physics, the second law of thermodynamics, or the law of entropy.What that says basically is that the general tendency of the universe is to move from order and structure to lack of order, lack of structure -- in fact, to mush. And that's why that video feels a bit strange.01:20And yet, look around us. What we see around us is staggering complexity. Eric Beinhocker estimates that in New York City alone, there are some 10 billion SKUs, or distinct commodities, being traded.That's hundreds of times as many species as there are on Earth. And they're being traded by a species of almost seven billion individuals, who are linked by trade, travel, and the Internet into a global system of stupendous complexity. 01:52So here's a great puzzle: in a universe ruled by the second law of thermodynamics, how is it possibleto generate the sort of complexity I've described, the sort of complexityrepresented by you and meand the convention center? Well, the answer seems to be, the universe can create complexity, but with great difficulty. In pockets, there appear what my colleague, Fred Spier, calls "Goldilocks conditions" -- not too hot, not too cold, just right for the creation of complexity. And slightly more complex things appear. And where you have slightly more complex things, you can get slightly more complex things. And in this way, complexity builds stage by stage. Each stage is magical because it creates the impression of something utterly new appearing almost out of nowhere in the universe. We refer in big history to these moments as threshold moments. And at each threshold, the going gets tougher. The complex things get more fragile, more vulnerable; the Goldilocks conditions get more stringent, and it's more difficult to create complexity.03:09Now, we, as extremely complex creatures, desperately need to know this story of how the universe creates complexity despite the second law, and why complexity means vulnerability and fragility. And that's the story that we tell in big history. But to do it, you have do something that may, at first sight, seem completely impossible. You have to survey the whole history of the universe. So let's do it.03:39(Laughter)03:40Let's begin by winding the timeline back 13.7 billion years, to the beginning of time.03:57Around us, there's nothing. There's not even time or space. Imagine the darkest, emptiestthing you can and cube it a gazillion times and that's where we are. And then suddenly, bang! A universe appears, an entire universe. And we've crossed our first threshold. The universe is tiny; it's smaller than an atom. It's incredibly hot. It contains everything that's in today's universe, so you can imagine, it's busting. And it's expanding at incredible speed. And at first, it's just a blur, but very quickly distinct things begin to appear in that blur. Within the first second, energy itself shatters into distinct forcesincluding electromagnetism and gravity. And energy does something else quite magical: it congeals to form matter -- quarks that will create protons and leptons that include electrons. And all of that happens in the first second.04:54Now we move forward 380,000 years. That's twice as long as humans have been on this planet. And now simple atoms appear of hydrogen and helium. Now I want to pause for a moment, 380,000 years after the origins of the universe, because we actually know quite a lot about the universe at this stage. We know above all that it was extremely simple. It consisted of huge clouds of hydrogen and helium atoms, and they have no structure. They're really a sort of cosmic mush. But that's not completely true. Recent studies by satellites such as the WMAP satellite have shown that, in fact,there are just tiny differences in that background. What you see here, the blue areas are about a thousandth of a degree cooler than the red areas. These are tiny differences, but it was enough for the universe to move on to the next stage of building complexity.05:53And this is how it works. Gravity is more powerful where there's more stuff. So where youget slightly denser areas, gravity starts compacting clouds of hydrogen and helium atoms. So we can imagine the early universe breaking up into a billion clouds. And each cloud is compacted, gravity gets more powerful as density increases, the temperature begins to rise at the center of each cloud, and then, at the center, the temperature crosses the threshold temperature of 10 million degrees, protons start to fuse, there's a huge release of energy, and -- bam! We have our first stars. From about 200 million years after the Big Bang, stars begin to appear all through the universe, billions of them. And the universe is now significantly more interesting and more complex.06:47Stars will create the Goldilocks conditions for crossing two new thresholds. When very large stars die,they create temperatures so high that protons begin to fuse in all sorts of exotic combinations, to form all the elements of the periodic table. If, like me, you're wearing a gold ring, it was forged in a supernova explosion. So now the universe is chemically more complex. And in a chemically more complex universe, it's possible to make more things. And what starts happening is that, around young suns, young stars, all these elements combine, they swirl around, the energy of the star stirs them around, they form particles, they form snowflakes, they form little dust motes, they form rocks, they form asteroids, and eventually, they form planets and moons. And that is how our solar system was formed, four and a half billion years ago. Rocky planets like our Earth are significantly more complex than stars because they contain a much greater diversity of materials. So we've crossed a fourth threshold of complexity.07:57Now, the going gets tougher. The next stage introduces entities that are significantly more fragile,significantly more vulnerable, but they're also much more creative and much more capable of generating further complexity. I'm talking, of course, about living organisms. Living organisms are created by chemistry. We are huge packages of chemicals. So, chemistry is dominated by the electromagnetic force. That operates over smaller scales than gravity, which explains why you and I are smaller than stars or planets. Now, what are the ideal conditions for chemistry? What are the Goldilocks conditions? Well, first, you need energy, but not too much. In the center of a star, there's so much energy that any atoms that combine will just get busted apart again. But not too little. In intergalactic space, there's so little energy that atoms can't combine. What you want is just the right amount, and planets, it turns out, are just right, because they're close to stars, but not too close.09:00You also need a great diversity of chemical elements, and you need liquids, such as water. Why?Well, in gases, atoms move past each other so fast that they can't hitch up. In solids, atoms are stuck together, they can't move. In liquids, they can cruise and cuddle and link up to form molecules. Now, where do you find such Goldilocks conditions? Well, planets are great, and our early Earth was almost perfect. It was just the right distance from its star to contain huge oceans of liquid water. And deep beneath those oceans, at cracks in the Earth's crust, you've got heat seeping up from inside the Earth, and you've got a great diversity of elements. So at those deep oceanic vents, fantastic chemistry began to happen, and atoms combined in all sorts of exoticcombinations.09:57But of course, life is more than just exotic chemistry. How do you stabilize those huge molecules that seem to be viable? Well, it's here that life introduces an entirely new trick. You don't stabilize the individual; you stabilize the template, the thing that carries information, and you allow the template to copy itself. And DNA, of course, is the beautiful molecule that contains that information. You'll be familiar with the double helix of DNA. Each rung contains information. So, DNA contains information about how to make living organisms. And DNA also copies itself. So, it copies itself and scatters the templates through the ocean. So the information spreads. Notice that information has become part of our story. The real beauty of DNA though is in its imperfections. As it copies itself, once in every billion rungs, there tends to be an error. And what that means is that DNA is, in effect, learning. It's accumulating new ways of making living organisms because some of those errors work. So DNA's learning and it's building greater diversity and greater complexity. And we can see this happening over the last four billion years.11:15For most of that time of life on Earth, living organisms have been relatively simple -- single cells. But they had great diversity, and, inside, great complexity. Then from about 600 to 800 million years ago,multi-celled organisms appear. You get fungi, you get fish, you get plants, you get amphibia, you get reptiles, and then, of course, you get the dinosaurs. And occasionally, there are disasters. Sixty-five million years ago, an asteroid landed on Earth near the Yucatan Peninsula, creating conditions equivalent to those of a nuclearwar, and the dinosaurs were wiped out. Terrible news for the dinosaurs, but great news for our mammalian ancestors, who flourished in the niches left empty by the dinosaurs. And we human beings are part of that creative evolutionary pulse that began 65 million years ago with the landing of an asteroid.12:18Humans appeared about 200,000 years ago. And I believe we count as a threshold in this great story.Let me explain why. We've seen that DNA learns in a sense, it accumulates information. But it is so slow. DNA accumulates information through random errors, some of which just happen to work. But DNA had actually generated a faster way of learning: it had produced organisms with brains, and those organisms can learn in real time. They accumulate information, they learn. The sad thing is, when they die, the information dies with them. Now what makes humans different is human language. We are blessed with a language, a system of communication, so powerful and so precisethat we can share what we've learned with such precision that it can accumulate in the collective memory. And that means it can outlast the individuals who learned that information, and it can accumulate from generation to generation. And that's why, as a species, we're so creative and so powerful, and that's why we have a history. We seem to be the only species in four billion years to have this gift.13:32I call this ability collective learning. It's what makes us different. We can see it at work in the earliest stages of human history. We evolved as a species in the savanna lands of Africa, but then you see humans migrating into new environments, into desert lands, intojungles, into the Ice Age tundra of Siberia -- tough, tough environment -- into the Americas, into Australasia. Each migration involved learning -- learning new ways of exploiting the environment, new ways of dealing with their surroundings.14:04Then 10,000 years ago, exploiting a sudden change in global climate with the end of the last ice age,humans learned to farm. Farming was an energy bonanza. And exploiting that energy, human populations multiplied. Human societies got larger, denser, more interconnected. And then from about 500 years ago, humans began to link up globally through shipping, through trains, through telegraph, through the Internet, until now we seem to form a single global brain of almost seven billion individuals. And that brain is learning at warp speed. And in the last 200 years, something else has happened. We've stumbled on another energy bonanza in fossil fuels. So fossil fuels and collective learning together explain the staggering complexity we see around us.15:01So -- Here we are, back at the convention center. We've been on a journey, a return journey, of 13.7 billion years. I hope you agree this is a powerful story. And it's a story in which humans play an astonishing and creative role. But it also contains warnings. Collective learning is a very, very powerful force, and it's not clear that we humans are in charge of it. I remember very vividly as a child growing up in England, living through the Cuban Missile Crisis. For a few days, the entire biosphereseemed to be on the verge of destruction. And the same weapons are still here, and they are still armed. If we avoid that trap, others are waiting for us. We're burning fossil fuels at such a rate thatwe seem to be undermining the Goldilocks conditions that made it possible for human civilizations to flourish over the last 10,000 years. So what big history can do is show us the nature of our complexity and fragility and the dangers that face us, but it can also show us our power with collective learning.16:17And now, finally -- this is what I want. I want my grandson, Daniel, and his friends and his generation,throughout the world, to know the story of big history, and to know it so well that they understand both the challenges that face us and the opportunities that face us. And that's why a group of us are building a free, online syllabus in big history for high-school students throughout the world. We believe that big history will be a vital intellectual tool for them, as Daniel and his generation face the huge challenges and also the huge opportunities ahead of them at this threshold moment in the history of our beautiful planet.17:11I thank you for your attention.17:13(Applause)。
2019-2020年牛津版初中英语八年级上册Module3 Culture and historyU
2019-2020年牛津版初中英语八年级上册Module3 Culture and historyUnit 6 Ancient stories复习巩固第九十三篇➢第1题【单选题】The people in Ya"an have met lots of difficulties, but they haven"t ________ hope.A、picked upB、given upC、looked forD、waited for【答案】：【解析】：➢第2题【单选题】—What was the result of the war?—In the end, the Japanese army was beaten.A、At firstB、At onceC、At last【答案】：【解析】：➢第3题【单选题】—Why do the other children think Cindy is ________?—Because she has made the same mistake many times.A、cleverB、friendlyC、stupid【答案】：【解析】：➢第4题【单选题】— Haven"t seen you for ages, Mike. ?— Pretty good! Everything goes well.A、What are you doingB、How are youC、How"s it going【答案】：【解析】：➢第5题【单选题】To ________ someone means to make him suffer in some way because he has done something wrong.A、beatB、punishC、attack【答案】：【解析】：➢第6题【单选题】Come on! The train is leaving, or we"ll miss it.A、Look overB、Hurry upC、Be careful【答案】：【解析】：➢第7题【单选题】In the end, we completed the work on time and got the praise (称赞) from our boss.A、FinallyB、ReallyC、Actually【答案】：【解析】：➢第8题【单选题】Can you say the answers ________ the questions?A、ofB、toC、onD、for【解析】：➢第9题【单选题】— When do people Christmas?一On the 25th of December.A、celebrateB、operateC、introduce【答案】：【解析】：➢第10题【单选题】— When did the story happen?— Last month.A、followB、take awayC、take place【解析】：➢第11题【单选题】means very old, or having existed for a long time.A、AncientB、EducationalC、Main【答案】：【解析】：➢第12题【单选题】He"s a clever boy and often thinks of good ways to help us.A、cheerfulB、smartC、happy【答案】：【解析】：➢第13题【单选题】The room is full of people and they are discussing an important thing.A、made up ofB、part ofC、filled with【答案】：【解析】：➢第14题【单选题】All of the students in our class are going to plant trees near our school except Susan, because she is ill.A、not includingB、not addingC、including【答案】：【解析】：➢第15题【单选题】All the other students went to the beach ______ Mary, because she was ill in hospital.A、besidesB、except forC、exceptD、with【答案】：【解析】：➢第16题【单选题】—What"s in the box?—It is empty. There isn"t anything in it.A、has nothing insideB、has a holeC、has something inside【答案】：【解析】：➢第17题【单选题】— Did you succeed in the tickets?— No, the tickets were sold out.A、bookingB、seeingC、making【答案】：【解析】：➢第18题【单选题】The big box is too heavy. You should ______ it in front of it, and I push it behind.A、getB、pullC、gotD、pulled【答案】：【解析】：➢第19题【完形填空】完形填空Once there lived a farmer called Henry. He had a brother, Mike, in town who was an excellent gardener. His skill and his beautiful trees were1 everywhere.One day, Henry went to town to visit Mike. “Look, my brother,” said Mike. “Here is th e best2tree from my garden. Take it home and3 it so that you, and your children, and your children"s children can enjoy it.” Henry was4 with the apple tree and went back home. The next morning, he began to5 where he should plant it.“If I plant it on the hill,” said he to himself, “the wind might catch it and6down the fruit. If I plant it close to the road, people who pass by will pick some of them. But if I plant it...”7 he planted the tree in the corner behind his house, where no one else could notice it. But the tree bore（结出）no fruit the first year, nor the second. Then Henry sent for his brother and said to him8, “You have cheated me. This is the third year and it brings me9 but leaves.” When Mike saw where the tree was planted, helaughed and said, “Y ou have planted the tree in such a cold corner without10 or warmth. How, then, could you expect flowers and fruit?”A、simpleB、famousC、similarD、commonA、pearB、grapeC、appleD、bananaA、sellB、washC、hideD、plantA、tiredB、patientC、pleasedD、popularA、learnB、wonderC、realizeD、understandA、putB、cutC、pushD、shakeA、FinallyB、FirstlyC、LuckilyD、CertainlyA、happilyB、angrilyC、kindlyD、carelesslyA、nothingB、somethingC、everythingD、anythingA、airB、earthC、waterD、sunlight 【答案】：【解析】：➢第20题【完形填空】根据短文理解，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。
典范英语8-3故事梗概英文
典范英语8-3故事梗概英文Title: The Mysterious TreasureSummary:The story begins in a small coastal town called Shellville, where a group of young friends -- Alex, Lily, Peter, and Sarah -- embark on a thrilling adventure to find a long-lost treasure. Legend has it that a notorious pirate named Blackbeard had hidden his immense treasure on a nearby island centuries ago, leaving behind a cryptic map as a clue.The four friends stumble upon an old diary in the attic of Lily's grandfather's house, which hints at the location of the hidden treasure. Excited by the prospect of uncovering a pirate's fortune, they set out on a quest to find it.Their journey takes them through dense forests, treacherous caves, and dangerous cliffs, as they unravel various riddles and puzzles left by Blackbeard. Along the way, they face multiple challenges, including booby traps and rival treasure hunters who also seek to find the hidden riches.As they get closer to the treasure's location, tensions rise among the friends. Greed and selfishness begin to cloud their judgment, leading to internal conflicts. However, they eventually realize that their friendship is more valuable than any treasure, and they must work together to overcome the obstacles and solve the final puzzle.Finally, after a series of nail-biting moments, the friends reach the spot where the treasure is believed to be buried. They dig anxiously and, to their astonishment, uncover the long-lost loot of Blackbeard. Overwhelmed with joy and relief, they decide to share the treasure equally and swear to keep the location a secret.Returning to Shellville as heroes, the friends use the treasure to contribute towards the betterment of their community. They establish a scholarship fund, build a new library, and donate to local charities. The story ends with the friends realizing that the true treasure was not the gold and jewels they found, but the bond they formed throughout their adventurous journey, which will last a lifetime.。
沪教版-英语-八上-Unit 3单元测试题
八年级(上)Unit 3能力测试题笔试部分(85分)第一卷选择题(60分)I.词汇测试(15分)i.从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以替换划线部分的最佳选项。
(共8小题，每小题1分)()1. — What a beautiful house!—Yes. However, it’s expensive and we don’t have enough money to buy it.A. not cheapB. not bigC. not wonderful()2. — Robots will be cleverer than human beings.—I don’t think so. They will become cleverer than now, but they will still be controlled by human beings.A. pushedB. operatedC. produced()3. — Today, some computers are tiny.—Yes. This kind of computers are usually used in some special places.A. very cleanB. very greatC. very small()4. — Do you have a dear picture of what you want in your brain?—Of course. I want to have a cool bike.A. mindB. bodyC. neck()5. — Your uncle works as an engineer, right?—Yes. He works in a big computer company.A. teachesB. ownsC. is()6. —It’s not good for you to depend on your parents all the way. You are old enough.—You’re right. I should live by myself.A. get help fromB. look afterC. take a look at()7. — You dropped your hat on the floor.—Oh, thank you! I wasn’t unaware of that.A. didn’t challengeB. didn’t realizeC. didn’t check()8. — Lisa will return to China one month later.—Really? I look forward to seeing her.A. hope to seeB. start to seeC. stop to seeii.根据句子意思，从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出恰当的词语完成句子。
英语国家概况Unit3--History1(UK)PPT课件
world wars
.
2
A brief timeline of British history
Prehistoric Britain Roman Britain 43 Anglo Saxon
55BC
AD
Britain 450
Viking Britain 793 Medieval Britain Tudor Britain 1485 1066
Unit 3 The History of UK
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1
Objectives
Be familiar with the history before the Norman Conquest
Understand the feudal system after the Norman Conquest
Learn about the history of the English Reformation and Renaissance
Questions:
5. The three Teutonic groups began to migrate from the region of Denmark and Low Countries (Holland, Belgium and Luxemburg) and settled in Britain. The three groups are _____, _____ and _____. From the ________ conquerors came the name “England” and “English”.
.
7
The Romans remained in Britain from 55 BC to 410 AD, almost four hundred years (four centuries). They imposed their own way of life and culture. And they brought Christianity to England.
译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册Unit3 Fit for life Part 3 练习含答案
Part3Extended reading,Project,Assessment&Further study基础过关练Ⅰ.单词拼写1.(2023江苏常州九校期中联合调研)You can persuade yourself with your choice if you're not careful,and if you do,it'll probably(滥用)your choices.2.(2020新高考Ⅰ)He turned to the forest(部门)for help but was told that nothing would grow there.3.(2021北京)Researchers in many areas have projected the(广泛的)collapse as“a credible scenario(情景)this century”. Ⅱ.一词多义1.A back injury forced her to withdraw from the volleyball game.2.The people in the building withdrew in time from the big fire.3.After his mother died,he began to withdraw into himself.4.The drug was withdrawn from sale due to its false advertising.Ⅲ.单句语法填空1.According to the expert,the vase has a history dating backthe early Tang Dynasty.2.The child's chair was low.The teacher adjusted itthe height where he could see the blackboard.3.There are several theories accounting for these (phenomenon)which are reflected in the picture.4.(2023北京)And I applied with the same(anxiety) excitement as before.5.Afterwards,with more trees cut down,the environment they lived in was(severe)damaged gradually.6.The new labs are with advanced,which motivates us students to study hard to achieve our goals.(equip)7.It is bad manners to laugh at people.Most of us may end up in one day.(disable)8.There is growing evidence staying up late has a serious impact on people's health.9.Now that she is out of work,Lucy(consider)going back to school,but she hasn't decided yet.Ⅳ.完成句子1.花太多的时间在网上是不健康的,并且让人很难集中精力在生活中的其他事情上。
三级考试英语语法练习
高职高专应用能力考试练习VOCABULARYBOOK ONEUnit 11. The highest _____ of governments has been given to the problem of heavy traffic.A. supportB. priorityC. materialD. involvement2. We can _____ with people in most parts of the world by telephone.A. involveB. stayC. communicateD. demand3. He was ill for six weeks and _____ with his schoolwork.A. dropped outB. cut offC. made progressD. fell behind4. A _____ center is a place or building where people meet for adult education classes and informal social interactions, etc.A. leisureB. sportsC. healthD. community5. The eyes need several minutes to _____ the darkness.A. turn toB. adjust toC. drop outD. base onUnit 2:1.Mail is _____ to our office twice a day.A. deliveredB. transmittedC. givenD. passed2. A balanced _____ is a financial plan in which expenses are no greater than income.A. calculationB. incomeC. budgetD. schedule3. We have to _____ the job applications into groups based on their qualifications.A. sendB. changeC. checkD. sort4. She was _____ down with two heavy pieces of luggage and was trying to look after three children.A. pressuredB. loadedC. putD. bent5. She went to the post office to mail a _____.A. packageB. messageC. contentD. delivery6．In Florida, senior citizens _____ more than 25 percent of the population.A. trade forB. account forC. check outD. pay for7. I think I’d like to stay at home this evening _____ go out.A. more thanB. better thanC. rather thanD. less than8. The main difficulty with teaching is the large _____ of work.A. numberB. contentC. partD. volumeUnit 3:1. This novel is my _____.A. likenessB. favoriteC. funD. hobby2. A team of advertisers is hard at work trying to _____ a slogan for theproduct.A. come up withB. come onC. come up toD. come across with3. The concert was quite a _____ in Chicago.A. blowB. strikeC. hitD. lot4. She told us about his brother, Apollo, _____ the U.S. astronauts’mission to the moon.A. calledB. known asC. known forD. named after5. Completing his degree at night was a long _____.A. timeB. stageC. processD. period6. The capital has been _____ by the rebel army.A. occupiedB. heldC. tookD. played7. Our newspaper aims to _____ the opinions of ordinary people.A. searchB. mirrorC. interestD. occupy8. He helped to _____ jazz in the mid-1950s.A. enjoyB. listen toC. popularizeD. widen9. I have lost a file _____ a lot of important documents.A. possessingB. havingC. owningD. containing10. Her unhappy childhood was the _____ of her problems later in life.A. startB. reasonC. originD. solutionUnit 41. Usually people under stress _____ express their full range of potential.A. care forB. tend toC. happen toD. Lead to2. It is a bit _____ that no one knows where he was at the time of the murder.A. suspiciousB. commonC. excellentD. familiar3. She tried to steer the _____ away from the topic of marriage.A. importanceB. customC. conversationD. sympathy4. When I first met him I had the _____ he was a shy sort of a guy.A. impressionB. meaningC. viewpointD. reluctance5. Every month the group meets so its members can _____ their views.A. changeB. implyC. findD. exchange6. He sent her a note of _____ on her election victory.A. thanksB. sympathyC. congratulationD. remark7. Some kinds of birds which were once a (an) _____ sight are now becoming rare.A. excellentB. commonC. oftenD. ordinary8. The fall in interest rates is _____ news for borrowers.A. usualB. latestC. satisfiedD. excellent Unit 51. Gauguin (高庚) selected painting as a _____ when he was in his thirties.A. jobB. workC. professionD. career2. There is a _____ of girls waiting for you outside.A. pairB. doubleC. coupleD. few3. We were dressed up for the party but she was still in her _____ clothes.A. commonB. ordinaryC. normalD. average4. The workers’ _____ for a higher pay were refused by the employers.A. demandsB. inquiryC. desireD. needs5. Father _____ on me the value of hard work..A. toldB. affectedC. impressedD. focused Unit 61. He _____ his prospects by carelessness.A. damagedB. upsetC. ruinedD. harmed2. Workers in other industries should be _____ into action.A. advisedB. urgedC. forcedD. driven3. Some gas is _____ from the pipe.A. escapingB. runningC. vanishingD. flowing4. You should only use this door in a (an) _____.A. crisisB. hurryC. pressureD. emergency5. His walk _____ me of the way his father used to walk.A. suggestsB. hintsC. remindsD. tells6. She _____ shyly at him and then lowered her eyes.A. glancedB. noticedC. watchedD. started Unit 71. The _____ city for the 2008 Olympic Games is Beijing.A. masterB. onlyC. hostD. main2. The stores have to _____ for customers in the Christmas season.A. competeB. workC. argueD. act3. The English football team were world _____ in 1966.A. kingsB. firstC. playersD. champions4. High jump and long jump are field _____.A. eventsB. racesC. activitiesD. competitions5. They are studying the history of _____ Rome.A. oldB. ancientC. pastD. existed6. She is looking for a job, but hasn’t found her _____ yet.A. idealB. satisfactionC. standardD. wish7. The price _____ postage charges.A. hasB. includesC. keepsD. adds8. After three years in prison he was again _____ with his wife and family.A. broughtB. seenC. connectedD. united Unit 81. This is not said in _____, but merely to make plain my situation.A. agreementB. complaintC. responseD. patience2. Life in the village is too _____ for me; if you want any water you have to pump it up from a well.A. originalB. primaryC. primitiveD. ancient3. I am not supposed to let anyone in without a card, but I will make an exception in your _____.A. eventB. incidentC. caseD. affair4. The patient is _____ well to the new course of drug.A. responsibleB. respondingC. reactiveD. recovering5. He played a piano sonata of his own _____.A. compositionB. makingC. productionD. writing6. The growth of the city often _____ the value of land close to it.A. enrichesB. risesC. enhancesD. strengthens7. That building is _____ because all the others like it were destroyed.A. especialB. particularC. specialD. unique8. Women make on the _____ only two-thirds of what men earn.A. standardB. averageC. levelD. contrary9. The possible gossip of the others could not _____ her.A. winB. overcomeC. affectD. effect10. She insisted that she _____somebody singing in the next house.A. heardB. hearingC. hearD. shouldhave heardUnit 91. It _____ me of the village where we spent our holidays last summer.A. remembersB. remindsC. recallsD. relieves2. _____ supplying news from all over the world, newspapers give us a lot of other useful information.A. ExceptB. Except forC. In additionD. Apart from3. After she finished her conversation, she hung _____.A. onB. upC. outD. over4. The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was _____ where she had gone.A. bewareB. aware ofC. wareD. beware of5. We have a family _____ every Thanksgiving Day.A. meetingB. collectingC. reunionD. union6. _____ great efforts, we failed to carry our plans through.A. As a result ofB. Apart fromC. Owing toD. In spite of7. He said that I had stolen his bicycle, but I _____ it.A. refusedB. rejectedC. deniedD. declined8. May Day will soon come _____.A. byB. roundC. alongD. across9. The crowd _____ into the stadium.A. flockedB. mountedC. stormedD. flowed10. For reasons he could not explain he was made feel different, _____ apart, from the other boys.A. fallenB. tookC. putD. set Unit 101. The brain performs a very important _____; it controls the nervous system of the body.A. partB. functionC. roleD. service2. They had _____ won the game when they had to stop playing.A. just thinkB. just thenC. just aboutD. just when3. I worked on a farm for a long time and so got a (n) _____ into the life of a farmer.A. insightB. findingC. realizationD. understanding4. Has Mary been informed _____ her father’s death yet?A. onB. againstC. thatD. of5. So _____ was she in the novel that I hadn’t dared to make a sound.A. taken inB. absorbedC. missingD.concentrating6. Just think what a mess the whole party _____ without your timely arrival to stop the fight.A. would be likeB. would beC. should be likeD. would have been7. If any lady owns this watch, will she please come forward and _____ it?A. demandB. requireC. claimD. return8. It was my younger brother who _____ me to jazz.A. informedB. introducedC. familiarizedD. performed9. I’m surprised that anyone of your intelligence _____ be so foolish as to believe this.A. is going toB. ought toC. shouldD. will10. He always has some _____ ideas on company policy.A. positiveB. imaginaryC. assuringD. criticBOOK TWOUnit11.He is very _______;his understanding of what people say always goes beyond the surface meaning.A.p atient B intelligent C. literate D diligent2. On entering his house, we at once ______him to be a man of taste.A. perceivedB. observedC. preservedD. received3. These journeys will give you an even deeper _______into our language and culture.A. investigationB. inquiryC. insightD. communication4. For the first time in history, a man-made heart had been used to ______ for a human heart.A. createB. combineC. substituteD. replace5. Writing for the magazine has not been his ______employment. He has other jobs.A. excessiveB. instructiveC. inclusiveD. exclusive6. This advertising campaign has_______ significantly to the success of the new car.A. achievedB. contributedC. resultedD. promoted7. He didn’t intend to ______this conversation further himself, for he was not interested in it at all.A. followB. provideC. pursueD. forgive8. Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow, __I forget.A. in caseB. in any caseC. in case ofD. in many casesUnit 21.The British __-with the French in building a space vehicle that neither country could afford by itself.A.c ooperateB. copeC. correspondD. convey2.Mr. Smith gradually ____-a knowledge of the subject through his self study.A.a chievedB. attainedC. acquiredD. inquired3.Several days after the operation Jack was beginning to feel ____better.A. somehowB. somewhatC. anyhowD. anyway4. As each contingent(代表团) _____-, there was a burst of applause from the watching crowd.A. went byB. went throughC. went overD. went out5. If you want a cheap ticket, you must ________-it well in advance.A. resolveB. representC. reserveD. resemble6.One of the attractive features of the course was the way the practical work had been ______with the theoretical aspects of the subject.A. adjustedB. inspiredC. installedD. integrated7. In recent years the cost of living has been increasing_________-.A. primarilyB. approximatelyC. significantlyD. eventually8. The box was so heavy that it was difficult for the old lady to ___-it.A. liftB. grabC. riseD. seizeUnit 31.Finding it difficult to ____to the climate in the city, he decided to moveto the north.A.adoptB. conformC. adaptD. suit2. Nowadays streets in most of h\the big cities are_____by motor vehicles.A. confrontedB. constitutedC. distributedD. dominated3. The thing that _____-is not whether you succeed or fail, but that you at least try.A. mindsB. mattersC. caresD. plays4. They have equipped the office with the ____-business machinesA. latestB. latelyC. laterD. latter5. I prefer to walk along the river____play basketball on the playground.A. toB. more thanC. better thanD. rather than6. When I saw Jane, I stopped and smiled, but she _me and walked on.A. refusedB. ignoredC. deniedD. deserted7. She is a(an) _housekeeper and feeds her family cheaply.A. economicalB. economicC. beneficialD. efficient8. They will try to keep us out, but we shall get in______A. whateverB. howeverC. somehowD. somewhatUnit 41.I_____ oversleep, but now I get up early every day.2.A. got used to B. used to C. was accustomed to D. wasused to3.I am not very familiar __the taxation law here.A. toB. withC. aboutD. in4.Who can I ___to in my hour of need?A. turnB. askC. helpD. refer5.When she became world-famous in her 20’s, she___her successto good luck.A. owedB. thought ofC. gaveD. blamed6. The star’s _____on people’s lives has not been proved yet.A. referenceB. influenceC. inferenceD. affect7.Her _____book is selling very well in America.A. latestB. lateC. laterD. latter8. Her experience and abilities ______her admirably for the job.A. suitB. adjustC. fitD. adaptUnit 51.This couple approaching their 40s had no children, so they____ achild.A.adoptedB. adaptedC. adjustedD. absorbed2.She ____ as a painter.A.was notifiedB. made a name for herselfB.was noted D. was not interested3.Dirt____ with disease; to avoid disease we should keep as clean aspossible.A. is relatedB. has linkedC. goes hand in handD. is concerned4._______ we had a good time in Peter’s home last Saturday.A.At endB. All in allC. AlthoughD. At last5.He didn’t feel very well in the middle of the process, and then hedecided to ______climbing to the top of the mountain.A.give inB. give offC. give outD. give up6.Finally we all ____his proposal because it is quite practical.A.agree withB. agree toC. agree onD. agree of7.She ______him at first sight and would follow him anywhere.A.fell forB. was attractive toC. fell toD. fell in love for8.This should be read by some of them, in whole or______.A.partlyB. as a wholeC. whollyD. in partUnit 6.1.Mr. Hunter managed to ____his neglect of duty on the basis of hispoor health.]A.rememberB. forgetC. rejectD. justify2.His salary went onto five ______a year.A.figuresB. numeralsC. numbersD. fingers3.His attitude to work mainly depends on ____from the work.A.the offerB. the awardC. the rewardD. the reflection4.At present, even selling newspapers and magazines will make avery good______.A.benefitB. interestC. advantageD. profit5.I came here for nothing else but to see you________.A.purposeB. on purposeC. to the purposeD. for the purpose6.Father’s smile ____that he had forgiven the child, so the childbecame at ease again.A.impliedB. inferred C . impressed D. improved7 The committee ____of men of widely different views.A. is composedB. is consistedC. is concerned D is contained8. This book is ___to be read.A. worthyB. worthC. worthwhileD. worthlessUnit 71.In the navy, a commander is an officer who ____next below acaptain.A.tracksB. ranksC. blanksD. flashes2.We have no ______ information to state the exact damage.A.equalB. satisfiedC. efficientD. sufficient3.The real estate agent has the ______right to sell the house.A.aloneB. overallC. exclusiveD. single4.I only came to ___that everything is all right.A.make upB. make sureC. make outD. make for5.There is a growing ______ for people to work at home insteadof in offices.A.tendencyB. temptationC. traditionD. fashion6.They considered the plan in all its_____.A.prospectsB. suspectsC. aspectsD. inspects7.People should not be content with only ______knowledge.A.superiorB. superficialC. artificialD. beneficial8.This farm has been ______from father to son for generations.A.translatedB. transferredC. transportedD. transmitted Unit 81.The incident aroused some ____in the press.2. A. commands B. comments C. committees D.commissions3.Traffic in the city was ______by a snowstorm.A.interpretedB. interviewedC. interruptedD. interfered4.If she could ______ the conditions there, we could take her.A.put forwardB. put offC. put asideD. put up with5.I’m sorry, those overcoats are not _____in your color and size.A.availableB. favorableC. imaginableD. averageUnit 91.The _____ reason for the great amount of pollution is thatgovernment does not take the lead in passing strong legislation against it.A.principleB. practicalC. principalD. productive2.It is ______that he get the text of his revision typed.A.eventualB. apparentC. frequentD. necessary3.Most of the people there are_ in rags and wear no shoes.A. clothed B; cloth C. clothing D. clothes4. It is believed that milk ___ something that will promote thehealth of human beings.A. regainsB. containsC. maintainsD. covers5. We are happy that they are______ willing to help at the news that we are in trouble.A. other thanB. more thanC. rather than C. less than6. The stranger ______his eyebrows as we walked by.A. liftedB. giftedC. litD. shifted7. Mary is afraid of people; she always ______when we take her to a party.A. holds outB. holds onC. holds upD. holds backUnit 101.He gave up for____ reasons.A. a great deal of B a large amount of C. a variety of D.a bit of2.I knew ____that World War II broke out in 1939.A.for certainB. for goodC. for the sake ofD. for along time3.Lu Xun __ a famous writer in the 20th century.A.is known forB. is known asC. is familiar withD. isfamous for4.Our teachers always______ their opinions _____facts.A.tell…ofB. relate…withC. associate…toD. base…on。
人教版高中英语选修八(Book 8 Unit 3)
人教版高中英语选修八（Book 8 Unit 3)Unit 3 Inventors and inventions学校校报征集英语稿件,要求以“My favourite invention”为标题,描述你最喜欢的一种发明。
在所有的现代发明中,你最喜欢笔记本电脑(laptop),因为它重量轻,体积小,容易携带,随处可用,学习娱乐均可。
请根据以上内容写出征文。
My favourite inventionWith the development of science and technology, many new inventions make our daily life easier and more convenient.Among all the inventions, I like the laptop best. I think it is the most amazing invention in the 20th century. Laptops are light and small, making them easy to carry. With a laptop, we can work, study and entertain ourselves anywhere we like. A laptop can get to the Internet, which enables us to get the latest information whenever we want. Using a laptop, I can keep in touch with my friends and family through e-mails and QQ at any time and in any place.I think in the future, everybody will have his or her own laptop.1.文章体裁:说明文。
高一英语必修三第八单元说明文作文
高一英语必修三第八单元说明文作文Unit 8 of the English textbook for high school freshmen covers a wide range of interesting topics related to culture, history, and society. This unit introduces students to different aspects of Western culture, focusing on the United Kingdom and the United States. Through a variety of reading materials, activities, and assignments, students are able to enhance their language skills while also gaining valuable insights into these two countries.One of the key themes explored in this unit is the history and traditions of the UK and the US. Students are introduced to important historical events, landmarks, and cultural practices that have shaped these countries. They learn about the origins of Thanksgiving in the US, the significance of the Tower of London in the UK, and the role of the British monarchy in shaping the country's identity. By studying these topics, students are able to gain a deeper understanding of the rich cultural heritage of these nations.In addition to history and traditions, Unit 8 also delves into contemporary issues facing the UK and the US. Students explore topics such as immigration, environmental conservation, and social inequality. Through readings and discussions, they areencouraged to think critically about these complex issues and consider their own perspectives. This allows students to engage with current events and develop their own opinions on important societal issues.Furthermore, Unit 8 also emphasizes the development of language skills, including reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Students are exposed to a variety of texts, including news articles, interviews, and short stories, which help them improve their comprehension and vocabulary. They also engage in activities such as group discussions, debates, and presentations, which allow them to practice their speaking and listening skills in a real-world context.Overall, Unit 8 of the high school English textbook provides students with a comprehensive and engaging introduction to the culture, history, and society of the UK and the US. By exploring a variety of topics and engaging in various language activities, students are able to enhance their language skills while also gaining a deeper appreciation for the diversity and complexity of these two countries. This unit not only helps students improve their English proficiency but also encourages them to become more informed and thoughtful global citizens.。
The-History-of-English终极版PPT课件
• Old English was spoken until around 1100.
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Medieval English(1100A.D—1500)
• Norman invasion---French • the Statues of English • the Changes of English
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• In the late 8th century, the Vikings attacked England. Fighting continued for almost two hundred years.
• English borrowed about 2000 words from Norse languages.
• The English language adopted many words from Latin,the official language of the church.
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Latin words
• Latin provided not only religious vacabulary
• e.g,abbot（男修道院院长）,altar（祭 坛）,hymn（圣歌）,pope（教 皇）,priest （神父）etc.
take
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Literature
• Part of Beowulf
《贝奥武甫》 ,
a poem written in Old English.
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• About half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots.
典范英语八第三本概括
典范英语八第三本概括Unit 1: Success comes from persistencePersistence is the key to success. It means never giving up in the face of difficulties. Many successful people achieve their goals because they persistently pursue them. For instance, Thomas Edison failed more than a thousand times before inventing the electric light bulb. His persistence and determination eventually led to his success. Therefore, it is important to believe in oneself and keep trying despite setbacks.Unit 2: The power of storytellingStorytelling is a powerful tool that captivates audiences and leaves a lasting impression. A well-told story can create an emotional connection and engage listeners. In various fields, such as business and education, storytelling is used to convey information and inspire others. By using vivid descriptions and relatable characters, storytellers can effectively communicate complex ideas in a simple and engaging manner. Thus, developing storytelling skills can enhance communication and leave a deep impact on others.Unit 3: The importance of teamworkTeamwork plays a crucial role in achieving success in various fields. It involves individuals working together towards a common goal, utilizing their strengths, and overcoming challenges. In sports, for example, a united team can win championships through cooperation and mutual support. Similarly, in the business world, teams that collaborate effectively can accomplish more than individuals workingalone. Therefore, fostering teamwork skills is essential for achieving success and making a significant impact.Unit 4: The significance of cultural exchangeCultural exchange enriches our understanding and promotes global harmony. It allows people from different cultures to share their traditions, ideas, and values, fostering mutual respect and appreciation. Engaging in cultural exchange broadens horizons, breaks down stereotypes, and promotes empathy. For instance, through cultural exchange programs, students can learn about other countries and develop a global perspective. Overall, cultural exchange strengthens relationships and contributes to the development of a diverse and inclusive society.Unit 5: The wonders of technologyTechnology has revolutionized our lives in countless ways. From the invention of the internet to smartphones andartificial intelligence, technological advancements have made tasks faster, easier, and more efficient. Communication has become instantaneous, and information is readily accessible. Moreover, technology has transformed industries, opening up new opportunities and revolutionizing how we work and live. Embracing and adapting to technology has become crucial tostay competitive in today's fast-paced world.Unit 6: The beauty of natureNature's beauty is awe-inspiring and offers tranquility and peace. Amidst hectic daily lives, spending time in nature can rejuvenate the mind, body, and soul. Whether it's hikingin the mountains or relaxing by the beach, immersingourselves in natural surroundings can reduce stress and improve overall well-being. Moreover, being in nature also fosters a sense of environmental consciousness, encouragingus to protect and preserve the Earth's natural resources for future generations to enjoy.In conclusion, this document provides a concise summary of the key concepts covered in the "典范英语八第三本" textbook. Success, storytelling, teamwork, cultural exchange, technology, and nature are highlighted as essential aspects in personal growth, effective communication, and global understanding. By embracing these principles, individuals can strive for success, make a positive impact, and leadfulfilling lives.。