法律英语中的破折号和连字符

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英文连字符、半字线、破折号用法

英文连字符、半字线、破折号用法

连 字 符 (hyphen)
全拼单词表示的分数 表示 21~99 间的数字 由数字、字母或元素符号与名词或 形容词组成的复合性修饰语 型号

半字线 (N-dash) — 破折号 (M-dash)
两个同等重要的词组成的术语 两个同等重要的人名、地名组成的 修饰语 国标 对前文的总结或说明
英文连字符、半字线、破折号用法
作用 带有前缀、后缀的词 连接来自合词的各个组成部分(连字符链接的词语之间具有逻辑关系:修饰与被修饰、 主谓、动宾、并列“既是„„又是„„” )
我刊常用示例 non-linear hard-in-hoop, steer-by-wire, four-wheel, elasto-hydrodynamic, multi-parameter two-thirds twenty-four 3-D, 3-DOF, 3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵, 1-MCP,K 均值聚类(K-means algorithm) 3ZS–150 型 GA – BP , LS – SVM , NDVI – ST, 标准 方程, R–B 空间,C–V 模型 Chinese–German, Taylor–Hobson 公司 GB/T 5668—2008 —a review

英语中的14个标点符号

英语中的14个标点符号

英语中的14个标点符号在任何语言的写作中,懂得正确使用标点符号既能提高你的写作技巧,又能彰显你的写作水平。

很多英语学习者和使用者都经常遇到英语标点符号的使用问题,希望下面的用法能够对你或你的孩子有帮助。

英语中共有14个标点符号( punctuation marks),分别是:the period (句号), question mark (问号), exclamation point (感叹号), comma(逗号), semicolon(分号), colon(冒号),dash(破折号),hyphen(连字符), parentheses(圆括号),brackets(括号), braces(括弧), apostrophe(撇号; 省略符号; 所有格符号), quotation marks(引号), and ellipses(省略号).Sentence EndingsThree of the fourteen punctuation marks are appropriate for use as sentence endings. They are the period, question mark, and exclamation point.The period (.) is placed at the end of declarative sentences, statements thought to be complete and after many abbreviations.For example:· As a sentence ender: Jane and Jack went to the market .· After an abbreviation: Her Mar . birthday came and went.Use a question mark (?) to indicate a direct question when placed at the end of a sentence. For example: When did Jane leave for the market ?The exclamation point/mark (!) is used when a person wants to express a sudden outcry or add emphasis.· Within dialogue: “Holy cow!” screamed Jane.· To emphasize a point: My mother-in-law's rants make me furious !Comma, Semicolon and ColonThe comma, semicolon and colon are often misused because they all can indicate a pause in a series.The comma is used to show a separation of ideas or elements within the structure of a sentence. Additionally, it is used in letter writing after the salutation and closing.· Separating elements within sentences : Suzi wanted the black , green , and blue shoes.· Letter Salutations: Dear Uncle John ,·Separation of two complete sentences: We went to the movies , and we went to the beach.The semicolon (;) is used to connect independent clauses. It shows a closer relationship between the clauses than a period would show. For example: John was hurt ; he knew she only said it to upset him.A colon (:) has two main uses:1. The first is after a word introducing a quotation, an explanation, an example, or a series. It is also often used after the salutation of a business letter.2. The second is within time expressions. Within time, it isused to separate out the hour and minute: 12 : 15 p.m.Dash and the HyphenTwo kinds of dashes are used throughout written communications. They are the endash (短破折号) and the emdash (长破折号). An endash is a symbol (-) that is used in writing or printing to connect numbers or to connect elements of a compound adjective, such as 1880 - 1945 or Princeton - New York trains.However, the emdash has more complicated grammatical use. The symbol of is used to:1. Indicate a break in thought or sentence structure2. Introduce a phrase added for emphasis, definition, or explanation3. Separate two clausesUse it in the following manner: We only wanted to get two birds - but the clerk talked us into four pregnant parakeets.A hyphen (-) is the same symbol as the endash. However, it has slightly different usage rules. A hyphen is used between the parts of a compound word or name or between the syllables of a word, especially when divided at the end of a line of text.Examples of this in use include:· Between a compound name: Mrs. Smith - Reynolds· Within a compound word: back - to - backBrackets, Braces and ParenthesesBrackets, braces and parentheses are symbols used to contain words that are a further explanation or are considered a group.Parentheses ( () ) are curved notations used to contain further thoughts or qualifying remarks. However, parentheses can be replaced by commas without changing the meaning inmost cases. For example: John and Jane ( who were actually half brother and sister ) both have red hair.Brackets are the squared off notations ([]) used for technical explanations. YourDictionary uses them when you look up word definitions. At the bottom of each definition page, brackets surround a technical description of where the word originated.Braces ({}) are used to contain two or more lines of text or listed items to show that they are considered as a unit. They are not commonplace in most writing, but can be seen in computer programming to show what should be contained within the same lines.Apostrophe, Quotation Marks and EllipsesThe final three punctuation forms in English grammar are the apostrophe, quotation marks and ellipses. Unlike previously mentioned grammatical marks, they are not related to one another in any form.An apostrophe (') is used to indicate the omission of a letter or letters from a word, the possessive case, or the plurals of lowercase letters.Examples of the apostrophe in use include:·Omission of letters from a word: An issue of nat'l importance.· Possesive case: Sara's dog bites.· Plural for lowercase letters: Six people were told to mind their p's and q's. It should be noted that, according to Purdue University, some teachers and editors enlarge the scope of the use of apostrophe, and prefer their use on symbols (&'s), numbers (7's) and capitalized letters (Q&A's), even though they are not necessary.Quotations marks ( “” ) are a pair of punctuation marksused primarily to mark the beginning and end of a passage attributed to another and repeated word for word. They are also used to indicate meanings and to indicate the unusual or dubious status of a word.Single quotation marks (') are used most frequently for quotes within quotes.The ellipses mark is generally represented by three periods (. . . ) although it is occasionally demonstrated with three asterisks (***). The ellipses are used in writing or printing to indicate an omission, especially of letters or words. Ellipses are frequently used within quotations to jump from one phrase to another, omitting unnecessary words that do not interfere with the meaning. Students writing research papers or newspapers quoting parts of speeches will often employ ellipses to avoid copying lengthy text that is not needed.Differences in British vs. American EnglishThere are a few differences between punctuation in British and American English. The following charts details some of those differences:British EnglishAmerican English The “ . “ symbol is calleda full stop a period The “ ! “ symbol is called an exclamation mark an exclamationpointThe “ ( )“ symbols are calledbrackets parenthesesThe “ [ ]“ symbols are calledsquare brackets bracketsThe position of quotation marks Joy means “happiness”. Joy means“happiness.”The punctuation Dr, Mr, Mrs, Dr., Mr., Mrs.,for abbreviations St, Rd, Ct St., Rd., Ct.。

连字符与破折号区别

连字符与破折号区别

连字符与破折号区别连字符与破折号是英语中常用的标点符号,它们在使用上有着明确的区别。

本文将详细探讨连字符与破折号的区别,帮助读者准确使用这两种标点符号。

1. 连字符(Hyphen)连字符是一个短线,用于连接两个或多个词,起到组合或连接的作用。

它的使用如下:- 用于连接复合词:当两个或多个词组合在一起构成一个新词时,可以使用连字符。

例如:mother-in-law(岳母)、well-known(著名的)。

- 用于连接数字:当表示数字范围时,可以使用连字符。

例如:10-20、1990-2000。

- 用于连接前缀和词根:当词前缀与词根结合时,可以使用连字符。

例如:pre-employment(就业前)。

- 用于连续单词的分音和拼写:在一个单词太长无法放在一行时,可以使用连字符将单词分隔到两行。

2. 破折号(En Dash)破折号是比连字符长的标点符号,通常用来表示范围、连接或强调。

它的使用如下:- 用于表示范围:当表示一个范围时,可以使用破折号。

例如:2010–2015、9:00–11:00。

- 用于连接部分名词:当表示两个或多个词之间有某种关系或连接时,可以使用破折号。

例如:Paris–London(巴黎到伦敦的航班)。

- 用于强调:当需要强调某个词或短语时,可以使用破折号。

例如:他是我们公司的——冠军。

总结:连字符(Hyphen)用于连接词、数字、前缀和词根,以及分隔长单词到两行。

破折号(En Dash)用于表示范围、连接名词,以及强调特定的词或短语。

以上就是连字符与破折号的区别。

正确地使用这两种标点符号,不仅可以使文章更加准确和清晰,同时也提升了文章的整体质量。

希望本文能够帮助读者理解并正确运用连字符与破折号。

英语构词 破折号连接

英语构词 破折号连接

在英语中,破折号通常用于连接两个或多个单词,以形成一个复合词或短语。

这种构词方式在英语中很常见,尤其在科学、技术、法律和学术领域。

例如:
1.Post-World War II - 第二次世界大战之后
2.Pre-Hispanic - 西班牙人征服之前的
3.Pro-choice - 支持选择的
此外,破折号还用于表示插入的评论或补充信息。

例如:
1.He - the former president - is still popular among the elderly. - 他(前总统)在老年人
中仍然很受欢迎。

(插入语)
2.Mary - a doctor and a mother of two - is a role model for many women. - 玛丽(一名医
生和两个孩子的母亲)是许多女性的榜样。

(插入语)
总的来说,破折号在英语构词和句子中都起着重要作用。

法律英语中的破折号和连字符应该在什么情况下使用?

法律英语中的破折号和连字符应该在什么情况下使用?

法律英语中的破折号和连字符应该在什么情况下使用?
在法律英语写作中,我们经常会遇到的破折号和连字符,应该在什么情况下使用才得当呢?
破折号 Dashes
两种情况,我们可以使用破折号。

1. 把一个从句放在两个破折号之间。

例如:Very few in fact almost none of the lawyers working in this city haven t been to to study legal English.
上面例句中使用破折号可以使句子的意思清晰,而没有在此处用可能会使意思混淆的逗号。

2. 一个长的破折号可以用来作为 to 的替代。

例如:The proposed route is Helsinki New York Helsinki.
连字符 Hyphens
使用连字符的情况也有两种。

1. 当第一个单词是第二个单词的前缀时,用连字符把两个单词合起来。

(特别是在英国英语中)
例如:Pre-trial, non-statutory. 这类词在美式英式英语中通常就是一个单词,中间没有连字符:pretrial, nonstatutory.
2. 用在由一个以上单词构成的形容词短语上。

例如:health-care provider or real estate purchase.
1/ 1。

英文标点符号的使用规则

英文标点符号的使用规则

英文标点符号的使用规则标点符号的使用是约定俗成的, 初学写作的人只有牢记它的使用规则, 才能写出规范的文章来。

下面,小编在这给大家带来英文标点符号的使用规则,欢迎大家借鉴参考!标点符号有哪些句点(Full Stop / Period,“.”)问号(Question Mark,“?”)感叹号(Exclamation Mark,“!”)逗点(Comma,“,”)冒号(Colon,“:”)分号(Semicolon,“;”)连字符(Hyphen,“-”)连接号(En Dash,“–”)破折号(Em Dash,“—”)括号(Parentheses,小括号“( )”;中括号“[]”;大括号“{}”)引号(Quotation Marks,双引号“"”;单引号“‘”)缩写及所有格符号(Apostrophe,“‘”)规则分析一、.句点1.句点用于当一句话完全结束时。

2.句点也可以用于英文单词的缩写,如 Mrs., Dr., P.S. 等。

但要注意的是当缩写的字母形成了一个单词的时候就不要使用句点。

如IBM, DNA 等。

二、?问号问号要用在一个直接的问句,而不是间接的。

如 How will you solve the problem? 是正确的用法,但用在 I wonder how you will solve the problem?就不对了,应该使用句点而不是问号。

另外,在客气的用语中,也是用句点而不是问号.如 Will you please give me a call tomorrow.三、! 感叹号感叹号用于感叹和惊叹的陈述中,在商业写作中要注意感叹号的应用,因为不恰当的使用会显得突兀及不稳重。

四、;分号1.与中文一样,分号用于分隔地位平等的独立子句。

在某些情况下,使用分号比使用句点更显出子句之间的紧密联系,另外分号也经常与连接副词 thus, however, therefore一起使用(放在这些词语之前)。

各种符号的英文翻译

各种符号的英文翻译

\ backslash 反斜杠^ caret 补字号& ampersand.period 句号,comma 逗号:colon 冒号;semicolon 分号!exclamation 惊叹号?question mark 问号 ̄hyphen 连字符'apostrophe 省略号;所有格符号—dash 破折号…‟single quotation marks 单引号“”double quotation marks 双引号( )parentheses 圆括号[ ]square brackets 方括号《》French quotes 法文引号;书名号...ellipsis 省略号¨tandem colon 双点号"ditto 同上‖parallel 双线号/virgule 斜线号&ampersand = and~swung dash 代字号§section; division 分节号→arrow箭号;参见号+plus 加号;正号-minus 减号;负号±plus or minus 正负号×is multiplied by 乘号÷is divided by 除号=is equal to 等于号≠is not equal to 不等于号≡is equivalent to 恒等于号≌is identical to 全等于号≈is approximately equal to 约等于号<is less than 小于号>is more than 大于号≮is not less than 不小于号≯is not more than 不大于号≤is less than or equal to 小于或等于号≥is more than or equal to 大于或等于号%per cent 百分之…‰per mill 千分之…∞infinity无限大号∝varies as 与…成比例√(square) root 平方根∵since; because 因为∴hence 所以∷equals, as (proportion) 等于,成比例∠angle 角≲semicircle 半圆≰circle 圆○circumference圆周π pi 圆周率△triangle 三角形≱perpendicular to 垂直于∪union of 并,合集∩intersection of 交,通集∫the integral of …的积分∑(sigma) summation of 总和°degree 度′minute分〃second 秒#number …号℃Celsius system 摄氏度@at 单价下划线_ underscore横线- minus;hyphen以及手机键盘上的井号键# number sign,英语国家是hash,美语是pound, 星号键* asterisk,star(美语),数学公式中作multiply感叹号!exclamation mark冒号:colon双引号“” double quote以及斜杠/ slash。

2019年考研《英语》长难句解析【五篇】

2019年考研《英语》长难句解析【五篇】

2019年考研《英语》长难句解析【五篇】( 2013年真题Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Text 4 第5段第2句)The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.为可追溯到《外国人法和煽动叛乱法》的州特权提供了更增强有力的辩护。

分析:本句的主干是…objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia…,后面接了一个由关系代词who引导的非限定性定语从句对宾语实行解释说明。

在该定语从句中,who是主语,指代Justice Antonin Scalia,谓语是offered,宾语是 an even more robust defense…。

of state privileges是defense的后置定语,而现在分词短语going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts是state privileges的后置定语,相当于定语从句which go back to the Alien and Sedition Acts。

词汇指南objection [əb'dʒekʃən](n.)反对,异议;不喜欢(CET-4)(2013年-阅读4)(ion-名词后缀)2个派生词:●objectivity ['ɔbdʒek'tivəti](n.)客观,客观性(超纲词汇)(2012年-阅读3)(ity-名词后缀)●objectiveness(n.)客观性(超纲词汇)(2010年-阅读4)(ness-名词后缀)robust [rəu'bʌst](adj.)强健的,强有力的;精力充沛的;结实的(超纲词汇)(2013年-阅读4)(ro=stronɡ-强壮的,bust=best-, → 壮的——即“强健的,强有力的”,引申为“精力充沛的;结实的”。

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法律英语中的破折号和连字符
在法律英语写作中,我们经常会遇到的破折号和连字符,应该在什么情况下使用才得当呢?
破折号 Dashes
有两种情况,我们可以使用破折号。

1. 把一个从句放在两个破折号之间。

例如:Very few – in fact almost none – of the lawyers working in this city haven‘t been to to study legal English.
上面例句中使用破折号可以使句子的意思清晰,而没有在此处用可能会使意思混淆的逗号。

2. 一个长的破折号可以用来作为‘to’的替代。

例如:The proposed route is Helsinki -- New York -- Helsinki.
连字符 Hyphens
使用连字符的情况也有两种。

1. 当第一个单词是第二个单词的前缀时,用连字符把两个单词合起来。

(特别是在英国英语中)
例如:Pre-trial, non-statutory. 这类词在美式英式
英语中通常就是一个单词,中间没有连字符:pretrial,nonstatutory.
2. 用在由一个以上单词构成的形容词短语上。

例如:health-care provider or real estate purchase.。

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