2010 年英语专业四级阅读理解passage 2(翻译)
专四阅读2010-2013真题及答案
2010 年英语专业四级阅读理解Text AWhat is the nature of the scientifi c attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, chemistry, geology, engineering, medical or any other science? We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The fi rst of these is the application of the machines and products that scientists and technologists develop. New drugs, faster and safer means of transport, new systems of applied knowledge are some examples of this aspect of science.The second aspect is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity — he wants to fi nd out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions, whether of pure or applied knowledge, and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies persistent and logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the full extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.He is skeptical —he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available — and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own. Since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientifi c instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data, which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.81. Many people believe that science helps society to progress through .A. applied knowledgeB. more than one aspectC. technology onlyD. the use of machines82. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity?A. It gives the scientist confi dence and pleasure in work.B. It gives rise to interest in problem that are unexplained.C. It leads to efforts to investigate potential connections.D. It encourages the scientists to look for new ways of acting.83. According to the passage, a successful scientist would not .A. easily believe in unchecked statementsB. easily criticize others’ research workC. always use his imagination in workD. always use evidence from observation84. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Application of technology.B. Progress in modern society.C. Scientists’ way of thinking and acting.D. How to become a successful scientist.85. What is the author’s attitude tow ards the topic?A. Critical.B. Objective.C. Biased.D. Unclear.Text BOver the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with “nonhuman creatures” such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru. The Nazca “lines” of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet —meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft. The scientifi c community did not take long to scoff at and abandon von Daniken’s theory. Over the years s everal other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientifi c community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America’s past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.86. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.B. Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.C. Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe.D. Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.87. According to the passage, the Nazca lines were found .A. in mountainsB. in stonesC. on animalsD. on a plain88. We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the the images they present.A. smallerB. largerC. clearerD. brighter89. There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because of ______.A. the participation of scientistsB. the emergence of the InternetC. the birth of new theoriesD. the interest in the Internet90. The author is about the role of the Internet in solving mysteries.A. cautiousB. pessimisticC. uncertainD. optimisticText CGraduation speeches are a bit like wedding toasts. A few are memorable. The rest tend to trigger such thoughts as, “Why did I wear such uncomfortable shoes?”But graduation speeches are less about the message than the messenger. Every year a few colleges and universities in the US attract attention because they’ve managed to book high-profile speakers. And, every year, the media repor t some of these speakers’ wise remarks.Last month, the following words of wisdom were spread:“You really haven’t completed the circle of success unless you can help somebody else move forward.” (Oprah Winfrey, Duke University).“There is no way to stop c hange; change will come. Go out and give us a future worthy of the world we all wish to create together.” (Hillary Clinton, New York University).“This really is your moment. History is yours to bend.” (Joe Biden, Wake Forest University). Of course, the re al “get” of the graduation season was first lady Michelle Obama’s appearance at the University of California, Merced. “Remember that you are blessed,” she told the class of 2009, “Remember that in exchange for those blessings, you must give somethingback... As advocate and activist Marian Wright Edelman says, ’Service is the rent we pay for living ... it is the true measure, the only measure of success’.”Calls to service have a long, rich tradition in these speeches. However, it is possible for a graduation speech to go beyond cliche and say something truly compelling. The late writer David Foster Wallace’s 2005 graduation speech at Kenyon College in Ohio talked about how to truly care about other people. It gained something of a cult after it was widely circulated on the Internet. Apple Computer CEO Steve Jobs’ address at Stanford University that year, in which he talked about death, is also considered one of the best in recent memory.But when you’re sitting in the hot sun, fi dgety and freaked out, do yo u really want to be lectured about the big stuff ? Isn’t that like trying to maintain a smile at your wedding reception while some relative gives a toast that amounts to “marriage is hard work”? You know he’s right; you just don’t want to think about it at that particular moment. In fact, as is the case in many major life moments, you can’t really manage to think beyond the blisters your new shoes are causing. That may seem anticlimactic. But it also gets to the heart of one of life’s greatest, saddest truths: that our most “memorable” occasions may elicit the fewest memories. It’s probably not something most graduation speakers would say, but it’s one of the fi rst lessons of growing up.91. According to the passage, most graduation speeches tend to recall ______ memories.A. greatB. trivialC. unforgettableD. unimaginative92. “But graduation speeches are less about the message than the messenger” is explained ______.A. in the fi nal paragraph.B. in the last but one paragraph.C. in the fi rst paragraph.D. in the same paragraph.93. The graduation speeches mentioned in the passage are related to the following themes EXCEPT ______.A. death.B. success.C. service.D. generosity.94. It is implied in the passage that at great moments people fail to ______.A. remain clear-headed.B. keep good manners.C. remember others’ words.D. recollect specifi c details.95. What is “one of the first lessons of growing up”?A. Attending a graduation ceremony.B. Listening to graduation speeches.C. Forgetting details of memorable events.D. Meeting high-profile graduation speakers.Text DCultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defi nes social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together.The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for acquaintances. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten.In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men’s house, separately from their wives and children. Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband’s portion to the men’s house. The women eat with their children in their own houses. This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.Eating is a metaphor that is sometimes used to signify marriage. In many New Guinea societies, like that of the Lesu on the island of New Ireland in the Pacific and that of the Trobriand Islanders, marriage is symbolized by the couple’s eating together for the first time.Eating symbolizes their new status as a married couple. In U.S. society, it is just the reverse.A couple may go out to dinner on a first date.Other cultural rules have to do with taboos against eating certain things. In some societies, members of a clan, a type of kin (family) group, are not allowed to eat the animal or bird that is their totemic ancestor. Since they believe themselves to be descended from that ancestor, it would be like eating that ancestor or eating themselves.There is also an association between food prohibitions and rank, which is found in its most extreme form in the caste system of India. A caste system consists of ranked groups, each with a different economic specialization. In India, there is an association between caste and the idea of pollution. Members of highly ranked groups can be polluted by coming into contact with the bodily secretions, particularly saliva, of individuals of lower-ranked castes. Because of the fear of pollution, Brahmans and other high-ranked individuals will not share food with, not eat from the same plate as, not even accept food from an individual from a low-ranking caste.96. According to the passage, the English make clear distinctions between ______.A. people who eat together.B. the kinds of food served.C. snacks and hamburgers.D. family members and guests.97. According to the passage, who will NOT eat together?A. The English.B. Americans on their fi rst date.C. Men and women in Near Eastern societies.D. Newly-weds on the island of New Ireland.98. According to the passage, eating together indicates all the following EXCEPT ______.A. the type of food.B. social relations.C. marital status.D. family ties.99. The last paragraph suggests that in India ______ decides how people eat.A. pollutionB. foodC. cultureD. social status100. Which of the following can best serve as the topic of the passage?A. Different kinds of food in the world.B. Relations between food and social units.C. Symbolic meanings of food consumption.D. Culture and manners of eating.答案与解析：81. B。
2010年12月四级真题阅读部分(附答案详解)
2010年12月大学英语四级真题阅读部分Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go overthe passage quickly and answer the questio ns on Answer Sheet1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with theinformation given in the passage.A Grassroots RemedyMost of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf,go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in thesuburbs, go to the se aside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activityin Britain is going for a walk . And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don’t run the streets. Every oneof them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we allneed nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are d oing so or not.But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhoodclimbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of theseancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and od d newperceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather thant hings that can be found.The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housingand the chil dren were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (多动症). Thosewhose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who hadthe same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a naturalenvironment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normalplayground. A US study suggeste d that when a school gave children access to a naturalenvironment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds,children crea te a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead.But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play,and the social hierarchy was now based on i magination and creativity.Most bullying (恃强凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) playground;the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds meunpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang a boutin corners fantasising about wildlife.But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health andsafety reas ons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead,the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensivelytreated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives hugebenefits to ADHD childr en. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasingemphasis fo r the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. Andstudy after study fi nds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundingsimprove a ll kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced whenthere is contact with the natural world.Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in hisstudy, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helpsreduce anger and impulsive behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matterhow small their contri bution.We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human beings aregranting to the n atural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature forthemselves, but the ver y idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things isprofoundly damaging.Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived on theplanet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natu ral world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat un der a tree with a pint of beer, givenor received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park o n a nice day, understandsthat.We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without thewild wor ld we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things around us we are less thanhuman.Five ways to find harmony with the natural worldWalk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make acircuit of the p ark at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself movingin moving air, look, li sten, absorb.Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden,anywhere that’s not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under atree, look at water, feel ref reshed, ever so slightly renewed.Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself; the second best way is incompany. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and thewind with birdsong for b ackground.Learn: Expand your boundaries. Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five birdsongs. Tha t way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greateramount of wildness in y our life.Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Takea weeken d break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through thewoods, for the birds , for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lastsforever, after all.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2010年专业英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2010年专业英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. DICTATION 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 3. CLOZE 4. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY 5. READING COMPREHENSION 6. WRITINGPART I DICTATION (15 MIN)Directions: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minute 1．正确答案：Freshmen’s Week Britain has a well-respected higher education system / and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world. / But to those who are new to this system, it can sometimes be confusing. / October is usually the busiest month in the academic calendar. / Universities have something called Freshmen’s Week for their newcomers. / It’s a great opportunity to make new friends, / join lots of clubs and settle into university life. / However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, / the prospect of meeting strangers in classrooms and dormitories can be worrying. / Where do you start? And who should you make friends with? / Which clubs and society should you join? / Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you. / They worry about starting their university social life on the right foot. / So just take it all in slowly. / Don’t rush into anything that you’ll regret for the next three years.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 MIN)Directions: In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSDirections: In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.听力原文：W: OK. So let’s go through the travel details again. Two adults, eight days in Britain from April 26th to May 3rd (Q1), flying from Beijing to London, and back with Air China, and you’re in a double room.M: Yes, that’s right. Umm, do you know what the flight times are?W: The outward flight from Beijing is, ur. . . let me see, yes, ten thirty in the morning, and the return is, I think it’s early evening, yes, seven fifteen, fifteen past seven in the evening, local time, that is (Q1).M: Right,that’s fine. Oh, sorry. I can’t remember what else you include in the price, apart from the air-tickets. Is it all meals or just breakfast?W: Yes, it’s full board, so all meals, and transport from the airport to your hotel. Everything is included (Q2).M: Good!W: Now, can you tell me if you need travel insurance?M: Yes, yes, we do.W: OK. Well, that’s an extra three hundred yuan each, is that OK?M: Well, there is no choice, is there? I mean we have to have it, don’t we (Q3) ?W: Yes, I’m afraid so.M: Well, all right, then.2．The following details have been checked during the conversation EXCEPT ______.A．number of travelers.B．number of tour days.C．flight details.D．room services.正确答案：D解析：细节题。
2010年专四真题答案
2010 年专四真题答案篇一：2010 年英语专四真题及参考答案】class=txt>1.d room services2. d air tickets, local transport and all meals3. a the traveller is reluctant to buy travel insurance4. c mark doesn ' t know the exact number of the delegates yet5. a the arrival time of the guest speakers6. b two7. d an airline company8. c her laptop9. c in her client ' s officede bore her name11. d the arts ans science program12. b thirty thousand dollars13. a federal loans14. d australia15. d take children to watch sports events16. b spend more time with chidren17. c australia18. b infected children and women19. d it has worked in five countries till now20. a the importance of government support21. c a 23-year-old woman22. b two months later23. a all parties have agreed upon it24. d the end of 201125. c the prison authorities26. a to be imprisoned and fined27. b public use of the beach28. a the airport was shut down for friday29. c 2130. a the rescue operation involved many people 点击阅读：2010 专四真题听力部分（影印版）2010 专四听写和听力mp3 下载2010 英语专四完形填空参考答案（周玉亮版本）31 b in other words32 a sounds33 c so that34 d upon35 b combined36 a written down.37 d or38 b associations39 a filled40 d and41 b recall42 c read and learn43 b increases.44 d powerfully45 a charming46 c literary47 b words.48 d by49 a move50 c make2010 英语专四完形填空真题（影印版）完形填空原文重现：how men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. all we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters we call words.the power of words, then, lies in their associations —the things they bring up before our minds. words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and feelings. this charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. above all, the real poet is a master of words. he can convey his meaning in words whichsing like music, and which by their position and association canmove men to tears. we should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and rude.语法与词汇部分参考答案（周玉亮版本）51. d her eyes were red from excessive reading52. a must have gone53. d strong enough54. c what55. b as56. c each they have bought the same book.57. b does he58. d and59. c he60. a hand in61. d the subject62. c many his friends came to the party.63. a the directors appointed john manager.64. d yet65. b not being tall66. b conflict67. a about68. c particpants69. b bitter70. d decisive71. a lately72. c stagnant73. b restrain74. d touches75. a indulgence76. c accordingly77. b very near78. d make out79. a generous80. c scrambled2010 年英语专四词汇语法真题（影印版）2010 年英语专四阅读真题参考答案（周玉亮版本）81. b more than one aspect82. a it gives the scientist confidence and pleasure in work83. a easily believe in unchecked statements84. c scientists ' s way of thinking and acting85. b objective86. a latin amercia has long received attention87. d on a plain88. c clearer89. b the emergence of the internet90. d optimistic91. b trivial92. d in the same paragraph93. d generosity94. c remember others ' words95. c forgetting details of memorable events96. d family members and guests97. c men and women in near eastern societies98. a the type of food99. d social status100. d culture and manners of eating2010 英语专四阅读理解真题（影印版）2010 年专四阅读理解原题来源text awhat is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, chemistry, geology, engineering, medical or any other science?we all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. the first of these is the application of the machines and products that scientists and technologists develop. new drugs, faster and safer means of transport, new systems of applied knowledge are some examples of this aspect of science.the second aspect is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.what are these special methods of thinking and acting? first of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity he wants to find out how and why the universe works. he usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions, whether of pure or applied knowledge, and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.he is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies persistent and logical thought to the observations he makes. he utilizes the facts he observes to the full extent. for example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.he is skeptical —he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available —and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own. since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data, which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place. these seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.【篇二：2010 专四真题答案】txt>britain has a well-respected higher education system and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world. / but to those who are new to the system, it can sometimes be confusing. / october is usually the busiest month in the academic calendar. / universities have something called freshmens week for their newcomers./ its a great opportunity to make new friends, / join lots of clubs and settle into university life./ however, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, / the prospect of meeting strangers in classrooms and dormitories can be worrying. / where do you start?/ and who should you make friends with? / which clubs and societies should you join?/ luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you. / they worry about starting their university social life on the right foot./ so just take it all in slowly. / dont rush into anything that youll regret for the next three years.the uk has a well-respected higher education system and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world. but to those who are new to it all, it can be overwhelming and sometimes confusing.october is usually the busiest month in the academic calendar. universities havesomething called freshers week for their newcomers. its a great opportunity to make new friends, join lots of clubs and settle into university life.however, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, the prospect of meeting lots of strangers in big halls can be nerve-wracking. where do you start? who should you make friends with? which clubs should you join? luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you worrying about starting their university social life on the right foot. so just take it all in slowly. dont rush into anything that youll regret for the next three years.2010 年英语专四听力参考答案（周玉亮版本）点击下载1. d room services2. d air tickets, local transport and all meals3. a the traveller is reluctant to buy travel insurance4. c mark doesn ' t know the exact number of the delegates yet5. a the arrival time of the guest speakers6. b two7. d an airline company8. c her laptop9. c in her client ' s office10. d the check book inside bore her name11. d the arts ans science program12. b thirty thousand dollars13. a federal loans14. d australia15. d take children to watch sports events16. b spend more time with chidren17. c australia18. b infected children and women19. d it has worked in five countries till now20. a the importance of government support21. c a 23-year-old woman22. b two months later23. a all parties have agreed upon it24. d the end of 201125. c the prison authorities26. a to be imprisoned and fined27. b public use of the beach28. a the airport was shut down for friday29. c 2130. a the rescue operation involved many people 点击阅读：2010 专四真题听力部分（影印版）2010 专四听写和听力mp3 下载2010 英语专四完形填空参考答案（周玉亮版本）31 b in other words32 a sounds33 c so that34 d upon35 b combined36 a written down.37 d or38 b associations39 a filled40 d and41 b recall42 c read and learn43 b increases.44 d powerfully45 a charming46 c literary47 b words.48 d by49 a move50 c make2010 英语专四完形填空真题（影印版）完形填空原文重现：how men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. all we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters we call words.the power of words, then, lies in their associations —the things they bring up before our minds. words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the morecertain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the【篇三：专四历年真题(2010-2014) 及答案】p> 严禁保留、出版或复印。
大学英语四级真题部分阅读包括答案及解析.docx
2010 年 6 月大学英语四级真题Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones – the kind of high-tech,solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be 47. G ） incredibly wasteful to tear them all down and 48. K） replace them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the 49. J ） reduced carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest 50. L ） sense, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and 51. H ） powering our homes, offices and other buildings. "You can't deal with climate change without dealing with existing buildings," says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.With some 52. D ） exceptions, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that 53. E ） expand over time and let in more outside air. Fortunately, there are a 54. O ） vast number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from 55. F） historic ones like Lincoln's Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades (升级 ) can save more than just the earth; they can help 56. I） protect property owners from rising power costs.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
专四真题详解(2010年)—长喜英语
2010年真题答案详解PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A CONVERSATIONSCONVERSATION TWOCONVERSATION THREESECTION B PASSAGES PASSAGE ONEPASSAGE THREESECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNEWS ITEM THREE31.【解析】选[B]。
本题需填逻辑关系词。
空格前说，人类最早是如何发明文字的还不得而知，空格后的意思是语言的起源还是个迷，很显然，空格前后表达的意思相同，只是说法不同，所以选[B]in other words“换句话说”，这里unkown与mystery 同义复现。
[A] in addition“另外”，表示前后为增补关系；[C]、[D]都为“总结”的意思，前后为分述与总述的关系。
32.【解析】选[A]。
[A]“声音”、[B]“姿势，手势”，[C] “符号”与[D]“动作”四项均可表述思想、情感、行动、事物，用于交流，但从后文的前指词组those sounds可推断出此处应选[A]。
33.【解析】选[C]。
四个选项中[A]、[B]的搭配都不妥，such that正确的搭配为such+名词+that，表示结果，而as that本身构不成搭配。
[C] so that“以便，为了”，引导目的状语从句。
[D] in that“原因是，因为”，引导因果状语从句。
分析空格前后的逻辑关系，能够相互交流正是发明声音表达思想、感情、行为的目的，所以选[C]。
34.【解析】选[D]。
本题实际在考查agree的短语，agree常与to, with, on/upon连用，因此首先排除[A]、[C]，agree with后面的宾语多为人，表示“同意某人…”；agree on/upon (doing) sth.则表示“就…达成一致”。
因此此处选[D]，表示后来人们就统一了一些特定的字母符号。
专业英语四级真题2010年03月
专业英语四级真题2010年03月PART Ⅰ DICTATION1、Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONIn Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.2、 The following details have been checked during the conversation EXCEPTA. number of travelers.B. number of tour days.C. flight details.D. room services.3、 What is included in the price?A. Air tickets and local transport.B. Local transport and meals.C. Air tickets, local transport and breakfast.D. Air tickets, local transport and all meals.4、 Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. The traveler is reluctant to buy travel insurance.B. The traveler is ready to buy travel insurance.C. The traveler doesn't have to buy travel insurance.D. Travel insurance is not mentioned in the conversation.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.5、Which of the following details is CORRECT?A. Mark knows the exact number of airport buses.B. Mark knows the exact number of delegates' spouse.C. Mark doesn't know the exact number of delegates yet.D. Mark doesn't know the number of guest speakers.6、 What does Linda want to know?A. The arrival time of guest speakers.B. The departure time of guest speakers,C. The type of transport for guest speakers.D. The number of guest speakers.7、 How many performances have been planned for the conference?A. One.B. Two.C.Three. D. Not mentioned.8、 Who will pay for the piano performance?A. Pan-Pacific ToursB. Johnson & Sons Events.C. Conference delegates.D. An airline company.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.9、What is NOT missing in Mary's briefcase?A．Her cheque book. B．Her papers for work. C．Her laptop. D．Her appointment book.10、Where was Mary the whole morning?A．At the police station. B．At a meeting. C．In her client's office. D．In the restaurant.11、Why was Mary sure that the briefcase was hers in the end?A．The papers inside had the company's name. B．The briefcase was found in the restaurant.C．The restaurant manager telephoned James. D．The cheque book inside bore her name.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.12、 We learn from the passage that about two-thirds of the courses are taught throughA. the School of Design and Visual Arts.B. the School of Social Work.C. the School of Business.D. the Arts and Sciences program.13、 What is the cost of undergraduate tuition?A. Twenty thousand dollars.B. Thirty thousand dollars.C. Twenty-seven thousand dollars.D. Thirty-eight thousand dollars.14、 International students can receive all the following types of financial assistance EXCEPTA. federal loans.B. private loans.C.scholarships. D. monthly payment plans.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.15、 According to the passage, mothers in ______spend more time looking after children.A. FranceB. AmericaC.Denmark D. Australia16、 Which of the following activities would Australian fathers traditionally participate in?A. Feeding and playing with children.B. Feeding and bathing children.C. Taking children to the park and to school.D. Taking children to watch sports events.17、 According to the study, the "new man" likes toA. spend more time at work.B. spend more time with children.C. spend time drinking after work.D. spend time on his computer.18、 It is suggested in the passage that the "new man" might be less acceptable inA. France.B. Britain.C.Australia. D. Denmark.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.19、 The services of the new partnership are provided mainly toA. mothers of infected babies.B. infected children and women.C. infected children in cities.D. infected women in cities.20、 Which of the following details about Family Health International is INCORRECT?A. It is a nonprofit organization.B. It provides public health services.C. It carries out research on public health.D. It has worked in five countries till now.21、 The example of Cambodia mainly showsA. the importance of government support.B. the importance of public education efforts.C. the progress the country has made so far.D. the methods used to fight AIDS.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.22、 According to the news, the victim wasA. a 17-year-old girl.B. a 15-year-old boy.C. a 23-year-old woman.D. an 18-year-old man.23、 We learn from the news that the suspects were arrestedA. one month later.B. two months later.C.immediately. D. two weeks later.Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.24、 The Iraqi parliament can vote on the security agreement only afterA. all parties have agreed on it.B. the US troops have pulled out.C. the cabinet has reviewed it.D. the lawmakers have returned from Mecca.25、 According to the news, the US troops are expected to completely pull out byA. mid-2009.B. the end of 2009.C.mid-2011. D. the end of 2011.Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.26、 The following are involved in the operations to rescue the children in Honduras EXCEPTA. the police.B. the district attorney.C. the prison authorities.D. Institute of Childhood and Family.27、 What punishment would parents face if they allowed their children to beg?A. To be imprisoned and fined.B. To have their children taken away.C. To be handed over to the authorities.D. None.28、 Question 27 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.What is the news item about?A. Coastlines in Italy.B. Public use of the beach.C. Swimming and bathing.D. Private bathing clubs.29、 Question 28 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the news?A. The airport was shut down for Friday.B. There was a road accident involving two buses.C. Local shops were closed earlier than usual.D. Bus service was stopped for Friday.Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.30、 How many people were rescued from the apartment building?A. 17.B. 24.C.21. D. 41.31、 Which of the following details in the news is CORRECT?A. The rescue operation involved many people.B. The cause of the explosions has been determined.C. Rescue efforts were stopped on Thursday.D. The explosions didn't destroy the building.PART Ⅲ CLOZEDecide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on ANSWER SHEET TWO.How men first learned to invent words is unknown; 32 , the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain 33 to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, 34 they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed 35 certain signs, called letters, which could be 36 to represent those sounds, and which could be 37 . Those sounds, whether spoken, 38 written in letters, we call words.The power of words, then, lies in their 39 the things they bring up before our minds. Words become 40 with meaning for us by experience; 41 the longer we live, the more certain words 42 to us the happy and sad events of our past; and the more we 43 , the more the number of words that mean something to us 44 . Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal 45 to our minds and emotions. This 46 and telling use of words is what we call 47 style. Above all, the real poet is a master of 48 . He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which 49 their position and association can 50 men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will 51 our speech or writing silly and vulgar.32、 A. in addition B. in other wordsC. in a wordD. in summary33、 A. sounds B. gesturesC. signsD. movements34、 A. such that B. as thatC. so thatD. in that35、 A. in B. withC. ofD. upon36、 A. spelt B. combinedC. writtenD. copied37、 A. written down B. handed downC. rememberedD. observed38、 A. and B. yetC. alsoD. or39、 A. functions B. associationsC. rolesD. links40、 A. filled B. fullC. liveD. active41、 A. but B. orC. yetD. and42、 A. reappear B. recallC. rememberD. recollect43、 A. read and think B. read and recallC. read and learnD. read and recite44、 A. raises B. increasesC. improvesD. emerges45、 A. intensively B. extensivelyC. broadlyD. powerfully46、 A. charming B. academicC. conventionalD. common47、 A. written B. spokenC. literaryD. dramatic48、 A. signs B. wordsC. styleD. sound49、 A. in B. onC. overD. by50、 A. move B. engageC. makeD. force51、 A. transform B. changeC. makeD. convertPART Ⅳ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.52、 Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE?A. Why don't you do it for the sake of your friends?B. I wish I could write as well as you.C. For all his efforts, he didn't get an A.D. Her eyes were red from excessive reading.53、 Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She ______ by bus.A. must have goneB. should have goneC. ought to have goneD. could have gone54、 He feels that he is not yet ______ to travel abroad.A. too strongB. enough strongC. sostrong D. strong enough55、 After ______ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager's office.A. thatB. itC. whatD. there56、 Fool ______ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC.like D. that57、 Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. They each have two tickets.B. They cost twenty yuan each.C. Each they have bought the same book.D. They were given two magazines each.58、 She seldom goes to the theatre,______?A. doesn't sheB. does sheC. would sheD. wouldn't she59、 Dr Johnson is head of the department, ______ an expert in translation.A. orB. eitherC.but D. and60、 When one has good health, ______ should feel fortunate.A. youB. theyC.he D. we61、 It is necessary that he ______ the assignment without delay.A. hand inB. hands inC. must handin D. has to hand in62、 In the sentence "It's no use waiting for her", the italicized phrase is ______.A. the objectB. an adverbialC. acomplement D. the subject63、 Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. All his lectures are very interesting.B. Half their savings were gone.C. Many his friends came to the party.D. Both his sisters are nurses.64、 Which of the following sentences has an object complement?A. The directors appointed John manager.B. I gave Mary a Christmas present.C. You have done Peter a favour.D. She is teaching children English.65、 Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "We've seen the film ______"?A. beforeB. recentlyC.lately D. yet66、 ______ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.A. To be not tallB. Not being tallC. Being nottall D. Not to be tall67、 Due to personality , the two colleagues never got on well in work.A. contradictionB. conflictC.confrontation D. competition68、 During the summer vacation, kids are often seen hanging ______ in the streets.A. aboutB. onC. overD. out69、 There were 150 ______ at the international conference this summer.A. spectatorsB. viewersC.participants D. onlookers70、 School started on a ______ cold day in February.A. severeB. bitterC.such D. frozen71、 In the face of unexpected difficulties, he demonstrated a talent for quick, ______ action.A. determiningB. defensiveC.demanding D. decisive72、 The team has been working overtime on the research project ______.A. latelyB. just nowC.late D. long ago73、 Because of the economic crisis, industrial output in the region remained ______.A. motionlessB. inactiveC.stagnant D. immobile74、 The police had difficulty in ______ the fans from rushing on to the stageto take photos with the singer.A. limitingB. restrainingC.confining D. restricting75、 Joan is in the dorm, putting the final ______ to her speech.A. detailsB. remarksC.comments D. touches76、 His ______ in gambling has eventually brought about his ruin.A. indulgenceB. habitC.action D. engagement77、 The teacher told the students to stay in the classroom and they did ______.A. absolutelyB. accidentallyC.accordingly D. accurately78、 You can actually see the deer at close range while driving through that area. The italicized phrase meansA. clearlyB. very nearC.quickly D. very hard79、 He listened hard but still couldn't ______ what they were talking about.A. make overB. make upC. make uponD. make out80、 For the advertised position, the company offers a(n) ______ salary and benefits package.A. generousB. plentifulC.abundant D. sufficient81、 As there was no road, the travelers ______ up a rocky slope on their way back.A. ranB. hurriedC.scrambled D. crawledPART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSIONIn this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AWhat is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, itseems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity-he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.He is skeptical-he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available-and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instalments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.82、 Many people believe that science helps society to progress throughA. applied knowledge.B. more than one aspect.C. technology only.D. the use of machines.83、 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity?A. It gives the scientist confidence and pleasure in work.B. It gives rise to interest in problems that are unexplained.C. It leads to efforts to investigate potential connections.D. It encourages the scientist to look for new ways of acting.84、 According to the passage, a successful scientist would notA. easily believe in unchecked statements.B. easily criticize others' research work.C. always use his imagination in work.D. always use evidence from observation.85、 What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Application of technology.B. Progress in modern society.C. Scientists' ways of thinking and acting.D. How to becomea successful scientist.86、 What is the author's attitude towards the topic?A. Critical.B. Objective.C.Biased. D. Unclear.TEXT BOver the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with "nonhuman creatures" such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.The Nazca "lines" of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These fines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet-meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not take long to scoff at and abandon von Daniken's theory. Over the years several other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It isa direct result of the creation of the Internet. Currently there are over60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America's past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it isa step in the fight direction.87、 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.B. Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.C. Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe.D. Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.88、 According to the passage, the Nazca lines were foundA. in mountains.B. in stones.C. onanimals. D. on a plain.89、 We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the ______ the images they present.A. smallerB. largerC.clearer D. brighter90、 There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because ofA. the participation of scientists.B. the emergence of the Internet.C. the birth of new theories.D. the interest in the Internet.91、 The author is ______ about the role of the Internet in solving mysteries.A. cautiousB. pessimisticC.uncertain D. optimisticTEXT CGraduation speeches are a bit like wedding toasts. A few are memorable. The rest tend to trigger such thoughts as, "Why did I wear such uncomfortable shoes?"But graduation speeches are less about the message than the messenger. Every year a few colleges and universities in the US attract attention because they've managed to book high-profile speakers. And, every year, the media report some of these speakers' wise remarks.Last month, the following words of wisdom were spread:"You really haven't completed the circle of success unless you can help somebody else move forward." (Oprah Winfrey, Duke University)."There is no way to stop change; change will come. Go out and give us a future worthy of the world we all wish to create together." (Hillary Clinton, New York University)."This really is your moment. History is yours to bend." (Joe Biden, Wake Forest University).Of course, the real "get" of the graduation season was first lady Michelle Obama's appearance at the University of California, Merced. "Remember that you are blessed," she told the class of 2009, "Remember that in exchange for those blessings, you must give something back... As advocate and activist Marian Wright Edelman says, 'Service is the rent we pay for living.., it is the true measure, the only measure of success'."Calls to service have a long, rich tradition in these speeches. However, it is possible for a graduation speech to go beyond cliche and say something truly compelling. The late writer David Foster Wallace's 2005 graduation speech at Kenyon College in Ohio talked about how to truly care about other people. It gained something of a cult after it was widely circulated on the Internet. Apple Computer CEO Steve Jobs' address at Stanford University that year, in which he talked about death, is also considered one of the best in recent memory.But when you're sitting in the hot sun, fidgety and freaked out, do you really want to be lectured about the big stuff?. Isn't that like trying to maintain a smile at your wedding reception while some relative gives a toast that amounts to "marriage is hard work"? You know he's right; you just don't want to think about it at that particular moment. In fact, as is the case in many major life moments, you can't really manage to think beyond the blisters your new shoes are causing.That may seem anticlimactic. But it also gets to the heart of one of life's greatest, saddest truths: that our most "memorable" occasions may elicit the fewest memories. It's probably not something most graduation speakers would say, but it's one of the first lessons of growing up.92、 According to the passage, most graduation speeches tend to recall ______ memories.A. greatB. trivialC.unforgettable D. unimaginative93、 "But graduation speeches are less about the message than the messenger" is explainedA. in the final paragraph.B. in the last but one paragraph.C. in the first paragraph.D. in the same paragraph.94、 The graduation speeches mentioned in the passage are related to the following themes EXCEPTA. death.B. success.C.service. D. generosity.95、 It is implied in the passage that at great moments people fail toA. remain clear-headed.B. keep good manners.C. remember others' words.D. recollect specific details.96、 What is "one of the first lessons of growing up"?A. Attending a graduation ceremony.B. Listening to graduation speeches.C. Forgetting details of memorable events.D. Meetinghigh-profile graduation speakers.TEXT DCultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats togetherpointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for acquaintances. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten. In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men's house, separately from their wives and children. Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband's portion to the men's house. The women eat with their children in their own houses. This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.Eating is a metaphor that is sometimes used to signify marriage. In many New Guinea societies, like that of the Lesu on the island of New Ireland in the Pacific and that of the Trobriand Islanders, marriage is symbolized by the couple's eating together for the first time. Eating symbolizes their new status as a married couple. In U.S. society, it is just the reverse. A couple may go out to dinner on a first date.Other cultural rules have to do with taboos against eating certain things. In some societies, members of a clan, a type of kin (family) group, are not allowed to eat the animal or bird that is their totemic ancestor. Since they believe themselves to be descended from that ancestor, it would be like eating that ancestor or eating themselves.There is also an association between food prohibitions and rank, which is found in its most extreme form in the caste system of India. A caste system consists of ranked groups, each with a different economic specialization. In India, there is an association between caste and the idea of pollution. Members of highly ranked groups can be polluted by coming into contact with the bodily secretions, particularly saliva, of individuals of lower-ranked castes. Because of the fear of pollution, Brahmans and other high-ranked individuals will not share food with, not eat from the same plate as, not even accept food from an individual from a low ranking caste.97、 According to the passage, the English make clear distinctions betweenA. people who eat together.B. the kinds of food served.C. snacks and hamburgers.D. family members and guests.98、 According to the passage, who will NOT eat together?A. The English.B. Americans on their first date.C. Men and women in Near Eastern societies.D. Newly-weds on the island of New Ireland.99、 According to the passage, eating together indicates all the following EXCEPTA. the type of food.B. social relations.C. marital status.D. family ties.100、 The last paragraph suggests that in India ______ decides how people eat.A. pollutionB. foodC.culture D. social status。
2010职称英语教材二阅读理解译文word版
第四部分阅读理解新增文章译文越来越爱肢体接触的美国人Americans Get Touchy《纽约时报》最近报道，美国的青少年现在几乎见到每一个人都会拥抱。
与过去见面时的握手问候到分别时的击掌再见不同的是，如今的青少年选择拥抱为他们最新的问候方式。
女孩子和男孩子之间都互相拥抱。
并且，最新的潮流是，拥抱的形式有了多种多样的变化。
有古典式的、全身的、手臂的拥抱或是随意的搭肩，群体拥抱和后身拥抱。
握手逐渐转变成拥抱，而拥抱又将简化为背后的轻轻一拍。
表面看起来这股流行思潮很简单。
然而，一些父母，老师和学校管理人员对青少年越来越多地以拥抱的方式打招呼这一趋势表示关切。
包括担心有一些人纯粹因为来自同伴的压力而不得不接受这样一种方式，担心那些不接受拥抱这种打招呼方式的人有被边缘化的感觉，甚至担心见面拥抱会成为性骚扰的保护外衣。
为了回应社会的这些质疑，一些学校已经建立了一些新的规章来限制和减少拥抱。
一位学校的领导提出了将拥抱限制在三秒钟之内的倡议。
一些学校甚至在此方面实施了更为严格的规定，甚至严禁任何形式的学生之间的拥抱。
这场社会大讨论忽视掉了一些重要的方面。
比如，美国从传统来讲在拥抱和亲戚间、恋人间、朋友间、互相拥吻方面就很保守，然而，在世界的一些其他国家，人们世世代代都这样互相问候。
在拉丁美洲或西欧，如西班牙、法国、意大利，男女之间甚至不很熟悉的人们互相亲吻面颊都是很常见的。
面颊亲吻有着地域的不同。
有时仅仅是擦过脸颊的一吻。
在其他地方，最正确的问候是在脸颊两侧各吻一下，甚至有时会再重复亲吻第一次吻过的面颊。
拉丁美洲的人们更倾向于问候时候互相握手。
但是在一些其他国家，如士耳其，熟人之间互相亲吻面颊是非常正常的。
而新西兰的毛利人一种名为“洪基”的问候方式是互相碰触鼻子。
所以，从全球角度来讲，美国青少年的互相拥抱毕竟不算是什么新鲜事。
全世界的人们都拉近了问候的距离，美国人仅仅是才加入而已。
北极冰山融化Arctic Melt地球的北极和南极都以冰冷闻名。
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2010年专业四级英语真题（翻译）
Passage 2（翻译）
Over the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with "nonhuman creatures" such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.
The Nazca "lines" of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet - meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous
designs One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not take long to scoff at and abandon von Daniken’s theory. Over the years several other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.
Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin Ameri ca’s past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms. Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.
在过去的几十年里，美国、加拿大和欧洲在不寻常的现象和未解之谜上得到了大量的媒体甚至研究的关注。
这些现象和未解之谜包括不明飞行物，以及目击和遭遇“非人类生物”，如大脚怪和尼斯湖水怪。
直到最近，拉美文化才引起了人们的关注。
尽管阿兹特克文明、玛雅文明和印加文明的神秘之处几个世纪以来一直为人所知，但现在公众也开始意识到秘鲁等国家的不寻常的超自然现象。
秘鲁的纳斯卡“线条”是在20世纪30年代被发现的。
这些线条被深深地雕刻在平坦多石的平原上，形成了大约300幅复杂的（错中复
杂的；难以理解的）动物图片，如鸟类、猴子和蜥蜴。
从地面上看，这些设计杂乱无章，毫无意义。
这些图片太大了，只能在1000英尺的高度观看——这意味着从飞机上看。
然而，据人们判断这个图案是在公元前300年前还没有飞机的时候被制造出来的。
过去没有，现在也没有任何山脉能看到它们。
那么纳斯卡的原住民是如何以及为什么创造出这些奇妙的设计的呢?其中一个答案出现在1969年，当时德国研究员兼作家埃里希·冯·丹尼肯提出，这些线条是外星人画的，是他们飞机的跑道。
科学界没过多久就嘲笑和抛弃了冯·丹尼尔肯的理论。
多年来，人们提出了其他一些理论，但没有一个被科学界所接受。
今天，人们对纳斯卡线条的兴趣又增加了。
这是互联网诞生的直接结果。
目前有超过60个网站致力于研究这个拉丁美洲历史上的谜团，甚至一些受人尊敬的科学家也通过电子邮件和聊天室加入了讨论。
互联网会帮助解释这些未解之谜吗?也许这是朝着正确方向迈出的一步。