新视野大学英语5形成性练习(7单元形成性练习)

Unit 7TRF-B5-A7 N T F F T F T T F TDirection: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over a passage quickly and then read ten statements following it.For statements1-10, writeT (for True) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;F (for False) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;N (for Not Give n) if the statement is not given in the passage.If the vigorous action against Robert Tappan Morris (罗伯特·莫里斯, 莫里斯病毒的制造者) is any indication, the Justice Department (美国司法部) would have the nation believe that the 24-year-old graduate student, recently convicted of writing a computer program that disrupted a national network in November 1988, represents computer crime at its most vicious. One of the government's attorneys compared Morris' behavior to that of a terrorist.Yet the Morris incident has little to do with the real problem of computer crime. Certainly it exposed a danger to the nation's computers. Morris' program brought thousands to a halt, and scientists working on projects ranging from medical research to molecular modeling lost valuable research time. But the shy, blond-haired young Morris had no intention of doing damage. He ended up jamming the Internet, a loose collection of dozens of computer networks throughout the nation, because his innocent experiment — a program designed to soak slowly into the network to see how many computers it could reach —had gone wrong. Even so, the experiment destroyed no data. And although some of the Internet's computers are used by the Government, none contains secret information.It is not “outsiders” such as Morris — whether they have destructive motives or not — who do the greatest damage, but “insiders”. Although numbers are hard to come by, computer security experts estimate that 90 percent of computer crimes occur from within a company, and that high-tech theft accounts for a $3 billion to $5 billion annual loss to corporate America. For years banks have known of the danger of widespread electronic record keeping. In 1981, well-placed employees at one bank took advantage of a built-in delay in electronic transaction records and made off with more than $21 million. A more recent case involved a ring of data-entry clerks at a major retail company who stole $33 million from their company by altering electronic information. The federal government concluded in a 1986 report that “the more significant security problem is abuse of information systems b y those authorized to use them, rather than attacks from those trying to penetrate the systems from outside”. But fearing bad publicity, few companies report inside crimes. So the Justice Department went after who it could — a highly visible and easy target.Even the people most convinced of Morris' guilt had the feeling they were watching the wrong trial. But after two weeks of hearing statements from 14 government witnesses, three defense witnesses, and Morris himself, on January 22 a jury of nine women and three men found Morris guilty of the crime he had been charged with. His was the first jury conviction under a section of the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (《电脑诈骗和滥用法案》) that makes it a crime to “intentionally access a national computer network without permission” and by doing so to prevent the authorized useof a computer and cause a loss of at least $1,000. The Morris family has yet to say whether it will appeal. But Morris' attorney said the law was too vague, which could provide grounds for an appeal. What, for instance, does “access without permission” really mean? As a graduate student specializing in computer science, Morris was an authorized user on computers here and there in the network, even if they constituted a fraction of all the computers his program affected.Morris' offense was to release into the Internet what's been called both a “virus” and “worm” program. The electronic version of an organic virus, a computer virus is a secret program that attaches itself to another program and moves from computer to computer, “infecting” each one as it spreads. Morris' program was more like a worm; his clever program didn't need to use another program in order to spread.Morris' offense was to release into the Internet what's been called both a “virus” and “worm” program. The electronic version of an organic virus, a computer virus is a secret program that attaches itself to another program and moves from computer to computer, “infecting” each one as it spreads. Morris' program was more like a worm; his clever program didn't need to use another program in order to spread.Morris told the jury that he did deliberately write and send out the program, but that he meant for it to plant itself gradually inside the computers, going unnoticed for months. Instead, a critical error on Morris' part caused the program to reproduce rapidly. Within hours of its release, the worm had crashed some 2,500 to 6,000 computers. From the start, the Government argued that it needed to prove only that Morris intended to break into the computers and not that he intended to cause damage. But Morris' lawyer insisted that the section of the law in question is meant for those who intend to cause damage.Why didn't the Government choose to make such a highly public case out of a more obvious computer criminal? There was Kevin Mitnick (凯文·米特尼克, 著名的电脑黑客), for instance, a young man in Los Angeles far more dangerous than Morris and truly focused on breaking into computers. In 1988 Mitnick stole valuable software from a major corporation. Though charged under the same law, he received only a one-year sentence. It seems that Robert Morris was chosen because his case was so easy to win: his worm left many angry computer managers in its wake. The Government was not disappointed. The Morris case captured the most publicity of all computer crime cases, and brought out the nation's collective anxiety about computer hackers.The question now is whether Morris will go to prison, and if he does, whether the Government has succeeded in demonstrating that no one, not even a gifted student conducting an experiment, can expect to get away with it. Sentencing won't take place until the judge hears additional arguments in late February. Morris probably faces 18 to 24 months in prison. His maximum penalty would be five years and a $250,000 fine.Although some computer scientists and industry groups praise the Morris conviction, others are wondering whether it really represents justice. “All of a sudden computer criminals are high school students with phone lines. The computer industry knows it's not true and the Government knows it's not true,” said one attorney specializing in computer crime. “If the Government thinks it's sending a message to criminals, it's been delivered to the wrong address.” Instead of sending a graduate student to prison, the Government should consider putting pressure on companies to prosecute the real criminals.1. More than 60 % American people believe that Morris case is the most vicious computer crime.2. According to some computer security experts, ninety percent real computer crimes occur fromwithin a company.3. Morris had no intention of doing damage, but his experiment had gone wrong and destroyed some secret information used by the Government.4. Hackers from outside of the company present a more serious threat to their security system.5. A computer virus needs to use another program in order to spread from computer to computer.6. The Government chose Morris to make such a highly public case because the Morris case was far more dangerous than other cases.7. Possibly, Morris faces 18 to 60 months’ imprisonment plus a $250,000 fine.8. Some people think that severe punishment for hackers like Morris can not prevent more people from engaging in computer crime.9. According to the passage, Morris did represent computer crime at its most vicious.10. The approach of exemplification was used in this passage.TWB-B5-7Directions:Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word forms of the words given in the brackets.1.The police explained that the thief must have ______ the alarm system in the house. (able)2.All the factors that can increase the ______ should be taken into consideration. (produce)3.At midnight, something ______ the car alarm, the noise of which awoke her. ( active)4.The president warned that the Congress should not leap to any ______ decision. (haste)5.______ and correct weather forecasts are crucial for farmers in that area. (time)6.The police refused to ______ any details about the case, saying that they were still collectinguseful clues. (close)7.The ______ of human rights to any individual is against the constitutions. ( deny)8.It was not my ______ to let you take up all the responsibility. (intend)9.For reasons of personal safety, one key witness wishes to remain ______.（anonym）10.When are you going to ______ your anti-virus software? The present version is outdated. (grade) KeydisabledproductivityactivatedhastyTimelydisclosedenialintentanonymousupgradeDirections:Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.1. Solving problems in teacher’s housing, salaries and other benefits can ______ as a means to stabilize the ranks of teachers and inspire teachers to become more active in their work.A) use B) employ C) serve D) apply2. In ______, many Chinese college students do not have a clear idea of the link between their study and their future career.A) existence B) essence C) esteem D) example3. It is believed that the inheritance tax can function as an anticorruption measure, but its effect is still ______.A) at doubt B) in detail C) in doubt D) on detail4. Hepatitis B (乙型肝炎) is a highly infectious disease, and those who have not been vaccinated against hepatitis B are ______ to it.A) vulnerable B) vulgar C) voluntary D) volunteer5. China Daily, an English newspaper with many columns, has a large ______ in the Mainland of China.A) circle B) run C) mobility D) circulation6. Video monitoring the daily activities of students in school may result ______ overstepping into students’ private lives.A) in B) off C) at D) from7. The course covers a wide ______ of foreign language learning activities from viewing, listening and speaking to reading, writing and translating.A) spectrum B) speculate C) spectacle D) expanse8. Because of the heavy fog, several cars, vans and trucks crashed into each other, which had completely ______ the traffic on the express highway for eight hours.A) dismissed B) disrupted C) disconnected D) dispelled9. ______ efforts should be made to reduce maternal and infant mortality in poverty-stricken areas.A) Corporate B) Corrupt C) Cooperate D) Corpulent10. Experts are worried that the development of tourism in this national nature reserve will ______ its ecological environment.A) danger B) treat C) jeopardize D) baffle11. As China moves to fulfill its WTO commitments, tough laws will be ______ to crackdown intellectual property right violations.A) associated B) deduced C) speculated D) formulated12. The dean of studies is busy getting all the arrangements in ______ for the English Speaking Contest next Saturday.A) site B) place C) scene D) spot13. Bad habits, such as hacking and spitting on the ground in public places and allowing one’s pet excrete waste upon the lawn or sidewalks, will ______ one’s image.A) deduct B) conduct C) defuse D) increase14. Recent high profile air-crashes abroad and incidents in China have deterred people from flying, and the ______ losses for the airlines can be measured in millions of dollars.A) considered B) concrete C) constant D) connect15. The ______ man kidnapped the six-year-old girl of his former boss, and demanded a ransom of$1,000,000 for the release of the girl.A) vicious B) vigilant C) vivid D) vital16. Many old people are nostalgic (怀旧的) and want to relive their youth; they seem to be ______ on having their time again.A) intend B) willing C) intent D) fond17. It is reported that the ______ number of computers infected with this worm has amounted to 30,000.A) intensive B) collective C) negative D) cumulative18. A firewall is a barrier that can help to ______ the property in your computer from destructive forces.A) guide B) insulate C) insulted D) insure19. In the view of some experts, Eastern cultural may spread worldwide, but it is ______ to replaceWestern culture to dominate human society.A) incapable B) unlikely C) unable D) disable20. Many expect the global economy to be ______ enough to shake off American weakness.A) robust B) robot C) roast D) viciousKey1-5: C B C A D 6-10: A A B A C 11-15: D B A B A16-20: C D B B A21. As with many offline crimes, ______ law enforcement alone cannot solve the network intruder problem.A) roast B) robot C) robust D) vicious22. Some people ______ that raising the retirement age will result in surplus labor and other social problems.A) resume B) consume C) pursue D) presume23. Digital publishing is a flourishing industry, quickly developing all over the world. However, it is far ______ fulfilling its potential.A) for B) off C) away D) from24. We should not ______ nutritional imbalance resulted from people getting too much or not enough of the nourishment that a body needs to stay healthy.A) byroad B) byway C) bypath D) bypass25. Health professionals should ______ from smoking and inform people of the harmful effects of smoking and help them quit smoking.A) avoid B) restrain C) refrain D) shun26. Exploring outer space is a human activity, but under no ______ should we bring human demerits to the universe.A) environments B) circumstances C) surroundings D) distances27. Many people are ______ by the fact that quite a few university graduates have difficulties infinding suitable jobs while China badly needs talented people for its economic development.A) baffled B) buffered C) burdened D) battered28. According to the current regulations on depositing, no one is allowed to open a(n) ______ savings account.A) empty B) fixed C) anonymous D) vain29. When shopping on line, you should make sure that the personal information you enter on the website is kept ______.A) confidential B) confident C) confidant D) confidence30. In the ______ of the residential district, there is a private kindergarten, which has gone bilingual.A) vicinity B) brink C) edge D) way31. The teacher ______ some episodes from the English movie Dead Poets Society for the students to appreciate and discuss.A) attract B) contract C) detract D) extract32. What Jim is trying to ______ is the view that making more friends and fewer foes is the right way to adapt to the present society.A) propagate B) propel C) prosper D) prosecute33. The dashing spirit of this devoted lawyer has not been ______ by the difficulties and hardships of the past fifteen years.A) blundered B) blurted C) blunted D) blurred34. In the countryside of China, as ______, the tradition of exploding firecrackers during Spring Festival celebrations still prevails.A) ye t B) for C) to D) from35. One will find that fair-skinned, skimpily clad foreigners often appear on these advertisements if he or she ______ through the advertisements in beauty centers.A) browned B) bruises C) browses D) blouses36. The desperate pursuit of profit and ______ safety rules ultimately leads to the gas explosion.A) slake B) slick C) slack D) slink37. The police were called ______ to investigate because all t he company’s strictly confidential documents were missing.A) down B) forth C) off D) in38. Mr. Smith let ______ his anger upon learning that the diamond necklace he bought for his wife was only a fake made of glass.A) lose B) l oose C) loss D) louse39. Richard, seeing a dog suddenly crossing the road, intended to put on the brake, but only to slip ______ and step on the accelerator.A) over B) u p C) away D) through40. The beautiful young salesgirl tried to persuade the old lady to buy a new type of synthetic detergent, but to no ______.A) utility B) avail C) use D) application41. One may, f rom the term “computer virus”, ______ that computer viruses share some of the traits of biological viruses.A) defense B) defuse C) decease D) deduceKey21-25: C D D D C 26-30: B A C A A31-35: DACAC 36-40: CDBBB 41: DTCE-B5-A7Directions: Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English.1. ______ ( 关于这种病毒，令专家震惊的) was its ability to propagate itself across a vast number ofsystems in the commercial, government and military realms in a very short period of time.2. A workaholic is a person who works too much. A workaholic _______________ (为工作而生活，而不是为了生活而工作).3. Whether it is worth investing ____________ (从长久来看仍然不能肯定).4. Unfortunately, many executives ____________ (以为一旦安装了安全装置), such as anti-virus software, their net work systems are safe.5. Creating a secure net work _______________ (需要持续的教育、监控和维护).1. Key: What startled experts about this particular virus2. Key: lives to work, rather than works to live3. Key: in the long term is still in doubt / is still in doubt in the long term4. Key: presume that once they have installed security devices5. Key: requires continuous education, monitoring and maintenanceTEC-B5-A7Directions: Translate the following English sentences in into Chinese.1. Further, the Melissa virus could be redesigned to erase or alter data, which could have disastrous effects on businesses, government agencies, and individuals.2. Users need to be careful about what they take from the internet and avoid being too hasty in opening attached files, both from known users and especially from users unknown to them.3. Its occurrence serves as a wake-up call for both the government and the private sector regarding the threat from vicious viruses being spread over the Internet.4. Computer criminals intent on planting viruses such as Melissa need to know that justice will be swift, certain and severe.5. Smart firms can minimize their risks by conducting weakness appraisals, choosing experienced security personnel, and establishing --- and then enforcing --- robust security polic ies and procedures.1. Key: 除此之外，梅利莎病毒还可以被重新设计，以删除或更改数据；这对于企业部门，政府机关和个人来说都可能造成灾难性的后果。