基于单片机的无线防盗报警系统设计大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
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翻译日期： 2017.02.14
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外文出处：Multimedia Technology (ICMT), (用外文写)2011 International Conference on 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文
基于单片机的无线防盗报警系统设计
摘要：为了对盗窃，抢劫等事故进行有效的监测和预警，统一使用了AT89C51单片机控制技术和红外探测技术，这是一种已经被设计出来的无线防盗报警技术，它包括硬件和软件两部分，硬件部分主要由红外传感器，发送和接收模块，单片机，声光报警等组成；软件部分包括主程序和音乐子程序。
用C语言或汇编语言编写源程序，再用keilC51平台进行调试的翻译后，下载到单片机AT89C51芯片，这种单片机和其他元器件根据设计电路焊接在PCB板上。
通电，闭合循环控制开关，当有人闯入红外发射区域时，触发声光报警，表明满足了设计要求。
关键词：红外传感器；发射；接收；单片机；报警
1 前言
随着时代的不断进步,人们对环境安全提出了一个更高的要求,特别是在生活安全方面,要时常地去注意那些不速之客。
现在许多小区已经安装了智能报警系统,从而提高了小区内的安全程度。
因为红外线是一种不可见光,具有很强的保密和安全性,而且采用无线发射和接收,不需要独立的线路,因此在安全装置的使用方面有很大的优势。
2 硬件系统的设计
无线防盗系统图是以单片机为基础，如图1所示。
该系统包括红外传感器、发射模块、接收模块、单片机、声光警告等。
红外传感器的主要装置是由热释电红外传感器RE200B、热释电红外开关BISS0001和一些外部基本设备连接而成。
图 1 基于单片机的无线防盗报警图
热释电效应和压电效应相类似，它是指晶面带电现象所造成的温度变化。
热释电传感器是对温度敏感的传感器。
它是由陶瓷氧化物或压电晶体两部分组成，当传感器的监测范围变化时，温度T变化，热释电效应将使两个电极带有电荷Q，即在电极之间产生微弱电压。
因为场效应管中有一个传感器在进行阻抗变换，所以它的输出阻抗非常高。
热释电效应产生的带电量Q将被空气的离子中和而消失，即当环境温度稳定不变时，那么传感器将起作用。
当人体进入检测区域时，因为人类体温和环境温度的差异，产生温差T，然后输出T；如果人体进入检测区域后一动不动，然后温度也没有变化，该传感器不具有输出功率。
因此这种传感器可以检测人体或动物的活动。
实验证明，传感器在不添加光学镜头（又称菲涅尔透镜）时，其检测距离小于2米，但加上光学透镜，其检测距离可能大于7米。
RE200B是双元热释电红外传感器,它使用了热释电材料极化随温度变化的特性。
红外辐射采用了双敏感的方法来抑制扰动产生的温度变化,它提高了传感器的工作的稳定性。
BISS001是一个有高性能的传感信号处理集成电路, 它主要配以热释电红外传感器和一些外部连接设备构成被动形式热释电红外开关,当有人进入感应范围、红外传感器输出高电平、当人离开感应范围后，自动延时并关闭高电平、输出的低水平。
发射模块主要是由代码模块PT2262和无线发射芯片FS1000A组成。
编码芯片PT2262对红外传感器的序号进行编码，通过按键PT2262发送的是红外传感器的编码信号,通过无线发射模块FS1000A把编码信号发射后,其编码信号用地址,数据编码,同步代码构成一个完整的标志。
FS1000A发射模块按照ASK来调制,当数据信号停
止发射，电流减少到零,降低功率损耗,数据信号和DF输入端的发射模块可以用电阻或直接连接,但不能使用电容耦合,否则DF发射模块将不能正常工作。
数据级应接近DF数据模块的实际工作电压,以得到较高的调制效果。
接收模块主要通过无线接收模块PC-RH5A和解码芯片PT2272构成。
把14管脚的解码芯片PT2272和接收模块的输出数据正确地连接起来，如果地址匹配将接收信号并通过该模块送入解码芯片PT2272。
解码芯片的地址要与传输电路PT2262的地址一致，以实现总量控制的目的。
单片机AT89C51芯片根据最小系统连接,只用芯片内部4 K ROM,把AT89C51单片机的31个管脚固定就能实现高性能。
为了加强单片机复位电路的抗干扰能力,可把开关和电解电容并联控制整个报警电路的置换。
外部时钟电路连接12MHZ的晶体振荡器。
采用单片机P0.0与绿色发光二极管相连,以提供电源。
对于声光报警电路,可用单片机的P0.5口与红色发光二极管相连,P3.5口与蜂鸣器的阴极相连,当红外传感器没有感应信号时,灯不亮,蜂鸣器不工作。
当红外传感器产生信号,而且警告工作标志开关闭合时,红色的灯管亮,蜂鸣器发出声音(声音通过单片机编程),从而达到声光报警。
3 系统软件的设计
系统软件包括主程序和音乐子程序。
首先进行初始化系统,根据硬件电路的连接,为单片机设置相应的高电平,满足当系统正常时不对进行警告,然后不断进行判断与循环程序看看警戒控制总开关是否关闭, 如果不关闭继续判断,如果关闭开关指示灯亮,同时再进行一次循环判断,看看是否确实有人介入保护区域,假如没有人侵入,回来继续判断,如果有人介入,就进行声光警告。
取音乐中的第一个符号,从第一个符号开始逐个进行判断。
第一次判断:是否是终止符号,当遇到终止符号时延迟1秒,再从音乐的第一个符号开始;如果没有遇到终止符号就进行第二次判断:是否接收余下的符号,如果接收就延迟0.1秒,继续取下一个符号; 如果不接收余下的符号，就记下这个符号并计算出固定时间长度,开启计时器T0,通过中断控制时间,从而发出音乐,同时警告灯闪烁;经过固定时间,关闭中断、音乐停止、警告灯熄灭。
主程序流程图如图2 所示：
图2 单片机的主程序流程图音乐子程序流程图如图3所示：
图3 音乐子程序流程图4 实验结果
根据程序流程图用C语言或汇编语言编译主程序和音乐子程序,用Keilc51环境进行调试,将调试好程序用单片机AT89C51进行固化。
根据要求把红外传感器,发射模块、接收模块、单片机、声光报警电路焊接在PCB板上,接通电源，绿色电源指示灯亮，表示电源工作正常; 当关闭警戒控制开关时，报警电路不工作,因此,当有些人介入红外发射区域时,亦不会有警告,当打开警戒控制开关时,微弱的指示灯将变亮,表明报警电路工作，当这个时候有人闯入红外发射区，将触发声光报警，即蜂鸣器发出音乐，红色发光二极管闪烁。
控制总开关的功能,使得红外防盗系统的使用更方便,当主人想要迎接客人,可独立关闭总开关,客人走进保卫区域时不报警; 当主人想防盗,就打开警戒控制总开关,当有不速之客进入保卫区域时,触发声光报警。
5 结论
利用单片机和无线通信技术,可实现无线报警,在无线传感器和单片机之间采用ASK调制和解调，通过发出灵敏的红外线进行检测，且安装隐蔽，整个系统不需要单独布线，适合建立在通信链路不便的城市家庭和偏远地区，因此，它应该有很好的应用前景。
6 参考文献
【1】丁丽颖. 热释放红外传感器的原理及应用. 仪表，分析，监测.
18卷:15-16. 2002.12
【2】曾兴雯，刘乃安，建陈. 高频电子线路.第二版北京：高等教育出版社，
2009.
【3】李建中. 单片机原理和应用.第二版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社，2008. 【4】李坤，朱修鑫，赵连英. 基于微控通信模块Q2406B的外围电路和控制软件设计. 电子测量技术. 29卷:95-97. 2006.8
【5】郑姜武. 单片机控制红外防盗报警器. 电子实践. 153:26-28. 2006.12【6】樊昌信，曹丽娜. 通信原理.第六版. 北京：国防工业出版社，2006.
附件2：外文原文（复印件）。
基于单片机的无线防盗报警系统设计大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：基于单片机的无线防盗报警系统设计文献、资料英文题目：文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院：专业：姓名：学号：外文出处：Multimedia Technology (ICMT), (用外文写)2011 International Conference on 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文基于单片机的无线防盗报警系统设计摘要：为了对盗窃，抢劫等事故进行有效的监测和预警，统一使用了AT89C51单片机控制技术和红外探测技术，这是一种已经被设计出来的无线防盗报警技术，它包括硬件和软件两部分，硬件部分主要由红外传感器，发送和接收模块，单片机，声光报警等组成；软件部分包括主程序和音乐子程序。
用C语言或汇编语言编写源程序，再用keilC51平台进行调试的翻译后，下载到单片机AT89C51芯片，这种单片机和其他元器件根据设计电路焊接在PCB板上。
通电，闭合循环控制开关，当有人闯入红外发射区域时，触发声光报警，表明满足了设计要求。
关键词：红外传感器；发射；接收；单片机；报警1 前言随着时代的不断进步,人们对环境安全提出了一个更高的要求,特别是在生活安全方面,要时常地去注意那些不速之客。
现在许多小区已经安装了智能报警系统,从而提高了小区内的安全程度。
因为红外线是一种不可见光,具有很强的保密和安全性,而且采用无线发射和接收,不需要独立的线路,因此在安全装置的使用方面有很大的优势。
2 硬件系统的设计无线防盗系统图是以单片机为基础，如图1所示。
该系统包括红外传感器、发射模块、接收模块、单片机、声光警告等。
红外传感器的主要装置是由热释电红外传感器RE200B、热释电红外开关BISS0001和一些外部基本设备连接而成。
精品中英文外文翻译基于单片机的汽车防盗报警系统设计定
Based on monolithic integrated circuit automobile security alarmsystem designAbstract:Decodes the automobile security system using them on litchis integrated circuit interior resources realization jump code, it each time uses the remote control password all is changing, both enhanced the system security, and greatly reduced the cost.Keyword: Monolithic integrated circuit, Automobile security system , Code/decodeIntroductionIs unceasingly progressive along with the social economy and the high tech rapid development, in the routine work and the life, the automobile has become the people ideal transportation vehicle. But the following motor vehicle the case which robbed gradually is also in creased has created the pilot economical property loss. In order tore duce the automobile to rob the event the formation rate, for has the automobile the user to provide the safety control, simply develops one kind to be reliable, the ease of operation, can send out in the discovery normal condition to the pilot reports to the police the reminder and the security warning safety system has the practical significance. This article based on to the existing automobile security alarm system generalized analysis, develops one kind of brand-new security alarm system. This system has mainly used the jump code code/decoding principle, causes the overall system to be safer, greatly reduces password explaining rate.1. System principle of workThe automobile security alarm system the remote control which carries by the driver and installs in the automobile the controller two parts composes. The remote control and the controller all use eight CMOS which American AT-MEL Corporation produces the A VR monolithic integrated circuit, this series monolithic integrated circuit based on new simplifies instruction R the ISC structure, includes the service life most to be few is 1,000 time writes/scratches the circulation the Flash program memory, as well as the service life at least is 100,000time writes/scratches the circulation E the EPROM data-carrier storage, some 2 only have when the entire piececleaning can clean the programming encryption locks the localization.1.1 System designThe automobile security examination uses the ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic sensor is composed by the ultrasonic wave transmission circuit and the supersonic reception electric circuit, in the automobile cab appropriate position, installs the ultrasonic wave launch/receiver, as well as switch electric circuit T1. When the automobile parks the vehicle owner person must leave the automobile, with remote control closed switch T1, the automobile alarm system sat garrisons the condition, around the system use ultrasonic wave examination vehicle obstacle. Launches the partial electric circuits likes chart 1 to show. When its P1 mouth P1.1, P1.2 to the D trig , the P1.0 control ultrasonic wave launch, are 0, the photo electricity coupler outputs the TP1 end is 1, the permission ultrasonic wave launch, launches/the receive ultrasonic wave in turn, the circulation repeatedly carries on. Simultaneously the monolithic integrated circuit interior counter starts to count. The steam distance between vehicles obstacle distance is the time which sends out through the sound navigation and ranging reflects spends determines and carries on the computation. The reflection signal causes the D trigger to produce interrupt request signal INT1,simultaneously stops counting, reads takes counts the value, calculates the actual distance after the formula, then carries on the comparison with the datum distance, if examines when the actual distance is bigger than reference value 80cm, does not carry on the accustom-optics to report to the police; If some people approach the automobile to enter the cab, the examination actual distance is smaller than or was equal to when reference value 80cm, through monolithic integrated circuit P2.2 and the P2.3 port, actuates the indicating lamp display circuit and the sound alarm circuit, sends out three two flash. And triggers a high level, the actuation is wire less signal transmission circuit.Chart 1 Ultrasonic wave transmission circuit1.2 Code/decoding principleThe present automobile remote control security system are many isusesVD5026/27, PT2262/72, HT12E/D and so on the general code/decodes the electric circuit, its password decided by the component address, each set of security systems use a fixed invariable password. Along with the micro processing technology development, through the receiver emote control transmitting message, may intercept this fixed password, moreover general arranges the decoding address to lose the person to carry the component size limit, its quantity is impossible too much, can obtain not repeatedly codes very is also limited, also can very quickly explain the password with the automatic scanner. Therefore, this kind of password fixed invariable automobile security system has received the serious threat. Decodes the automobile security system using the monolithic integrated circuit interior resources realization jump code, it each time uses the remote control password all is changing, with the password no longer duplicates uses, causes the interception password also is makes a futile effort, in addition, it may increase the enough many passwords figure, enhances the system resistance illegal scanning the ability. The remote control coding altogether has 12 bytes, separately by 3 bytes codes channels code, 3 bytes codes forewords number, 5 bytes jumps codes, 1 byte pressed key operation code is composed. Encoded front adds on logic in each byte 0 to take the outset position, encoded behind adds on a logical 1 achievement in each byte to stop the position, and in most front adds on several logic 1 to take the guidance signal, this constituted the serial coded signal which uses in to transmit. The code channel code uses in to express the remote control status; each set of systems use a fixed channel code. The code foreword number uses in to record the encoded order, its starting value is 0, the monolithic integrated circuit every time codes a time, the code foreword number upwardly counts time. The code channel code and the code foreword number deposits in monolithic integrated circuit EEPROM, guarantees them power cut the influence. The jump code is the systematic true password, it passes through the complex special algorithm by the code channel code and the code foreword number to extract, this special algorithm foreign security. The pressed key operation code by the pressed key which presses was decided, when "the hypothesis" the key is pressed down, its code decides as 0 1H; When "relieves" the key presses down, its code decides as 00H. Whether is the decoding confirms receive the code legitimate a series of operating process. Was confirmed the legitimate code needs to satisfy three conditions; (1) codes the channel code and the decoding channel code is same; (2) coded the foreword number to be bigger than the decoding foreword number (decodingforeword number to record on legitimately has used code foreword number, this condition might guarantee before has used code was invalid); (3) jumps the code to be equal to reuses the special algorithm to extract changes the code. After the monolithic integrated circuit confirmed receives is the legitimate code, writes the code foreword number in the decoding foreword number, and completes corresponding operation processing according to the operation code. The decoding channel code and the decoding foreword number also deposits in monolithic integrated circuit EEPROM, guards against because of power cut loses.1.3 Security reports to the police realizationIf will have robber Chen ZheRu the room, starts the automobile, after wrong password, then the automobile storage battery +12V voltage, the ignition electric current way ignition lock, the ignition outage, the engine extinguishes, again starts, will duplicate the above process, like this, the bandits and thieves always will not be able to start the automobile, will not be able to achieve its anticipated goal. The alarm circuit mainly is composed by the integrated block and the speaker and electronic switching SCR. Triode or the multiple-unit tube, are for enhance the electric circuit measure which the power but often uses, it has composed a current amplification factor very big equivalent transistor, total enlargement factor for these two enlargement factor product. SCR is the electronic switching which constitutes by the silicon-controlled rectifier, the electric capacity and the resistance constitution negative booster concurrently filter, provides +3 +4V to IC the voltage, IC is traces Draws up sound reports to the police the integrated circuit, the alarm apparatus by the SCR control, robs the vehicle thief once after the wrong password, then the storage battery electric current enters the security system besides a group, another group is started in the engine, after leads the engine work, natural contact output voltage, after the differentiating circuit, silicon-controlled rectifier SCR is triggered, also passes through the resistance to fall the pressure, the voltage adds in the IC power source input end, IC obtains the voltage output alarm, enlarges after the multiple-unit tube, Destroys moves the speaker to send out resoundingly reports to the police the sound. when static state, entire electric circuit does not consume the electricity.2. Software designThe alarm apparatus software design mainly divides into:Master routine (alarm apparatus initialization, key modulation and decoding); Alarm apparatus interrupthandling routine. This alarm apparatus installs on the automobile steering wheel. After installs, starts the alarm apparatus, the alarm apparatus automatically retards20~30s to start to work, in order to lets use the person to have the enough time to lock the gate to leave the automobile. After the time delay the alarm apparatus enters the value to defend the active status, once the vehicle door is turned on or the windowpane hits garrulously, the oscillation pick-up examines the signal, time delay 20s starts to report to the police. The time delay goal is the master which causes the automobile is opening the gate to enter the vehicle internal energy closure alarm apparatus, in order to avoid reports to the police by mistake.2.1 Master routineThis part mainly completes to each severance entrance hypothesis, and reports to the police the depositing unit initialization to each fixed unit, establishes the special symbol value and to the pressed key interrupts processing. Master routine design diagram like chart 2 shows.Chart2 master routine frame chart2.2 Alarm apparatus interrupt handling routineThe burglar alarm disposal procedure uses time severance inquiry processing, each time severance, only is inquires each kind of control flag bit, controls each group output according to its condition. The procedure has not used has circulation processing the way, therefore time control conclusion, cannot eliminate controls the flag bit, only is repositions the scene, the waiting next time severance, again judges whether controls the conclusion.3. Concluding remarkUses automobile security alarm system cost which this kind of monolithic integrated circuit composes low, performance reliable, simultaneously settles the extension to be convenient. The use jump code code/decoding principle, causes the system to be safer, greatly reduces password explaining rate, will obtain the wide spread application in the future automobile security alarm system.基于单片机的汽车防盗报警系统设计摘要:应用单片机内部资源实现的跳变编码/解码汽车防盗系统，它每次使用的遥控密码都在变化，既提高了系统的安全性，又大大降低了成本。
单片机居家安全报警系统外文文献翻译
单片机居家安全报警系统外文文献翻译(含:英文原文及中文译文)英文原文Design of Home Safety Alarm System Based on Single Chip MicrocomputerAbstractThis design is to study the field of home safety alarm based on single-chip microcomputer, and design a home safety alarm system that is based on STC89C52 single chip microcomputer and is cost-effective and easy to install. The alarm system adopts the communication mode of wireless communication and GSMcommunication and the modular design concept. It detects different types of risk factors in the home environment through different types of sensor units, and feedbacks the environmental parameters of different rooms to the main control unit. The control unit makes corresponding decisions and issues alarm instructions when necessary to ensure the safety of the home environment. The system is simple and convenient to operate and has a high degree of intelligence. It can detect home risk factors and prevent dangerous accidents.Keywords: home security alarm system; wireless communication; GSM1 Introduction1.1 Hidden dangers and detection in modern home lifeIn the modern home life, people cannot live without convenientliving materials such as running water, electricity, and natural gas. However, they bring convenience to us and also increase the unsafe factors in the home life, leaking water pipes, accidental fires, gas leaks, etc. An accident can bring irreparable damage to the family. With the increasing population of the city and the increasing mobility of the population, the crime rate of theft and house robbery has been high for many years. Traditional anti-theft doors and windows have a certain preventive effect, and there are also many security risks. A widevariety of decoration materials, furniture, and decorative items provide us with convenience and beautify the home while alsocontaminating formaldehyde. Therefore, the safety of the home environment has received increasing attention in recent years. How to create a comfortable, healthy and safe home environment has become a hot topic of common concern. In recent years, electronic technology has been changing with each passing day, and communication technology is flourishing. Among them, the development of chip technology and sensor technology is particularly prominent, which provides new options for the solution of home security issues. The use of a home safety alarm device with a microcontroller and a sensor as its core enables the detection of various risk factors in the home, such as gas concentration, formaldehyde content, leakage of water pipes, and theft of rooms, etc. The system can perform remote alarms in a timely manner and notify the user Solve it.1.2 Selected topics and meaningWith the rapid development of science and technology and economic level, people's requirements for the home environment have evolved from the initial satisfaction of simple housing development to the emphasis on the human needs of residential housing. As a result, many safe, comfortable, fast, and convenient smart communities have emerged. where safety is the primary goal. In addition to human factors, the establishment of security systems is an indispensable and important measure for the realization of smart residential security.At present, there are many types of home security products on the market, which can be roughly divided into several relatively independent categories such as anti-theft alarms, video surveillance, and access control systems. Some products have fewer functions, and products with more comprehensive functions have relatively higher prices. Installation is complicated. In other words, there is an urgent need for a product that requires a price to be popular, strong functions, simple installation, easy use, reliable work, and low false alarm rate. Therefore, starting from the actual application, this article systematically elaborates that the use of the system does not need to change the power lines in the home. It has low cost, does not affect aesthetics, wireless communication, and is easy to use. It is suitable for general household use. Home security is closely related to each of us. The use of home security alarm devicescan improve the quality of life of people and make life more secure and convenient. Because of the advantages of the system and the unmatched price/performance ratio of the 51 series microcontrollers, it will be used in future development. Has a broad market prospects and development potential.1.3 Research Status and Development Trends at Home and AbroadIn recent years, with the rapid development of electronicinformation technology, computer technology, communication technology and sensor technology, there are more and more products related to home security alarms. Domestic and foreign companies such as Siemens, Honeywell, Bosch, Shenzhen Yingmao and many other companies have developed a series of home security alarm products. They generally have wired or wireless communication functions to complete some alarm functions and have carried out Successful application. For example, Siemens' product portfolio includes general-purpose security andsecurity solutions and services, including access control systems, intrusion detection, video surveillance systems, on-site service control centers, and emergency management systems. Thanks to the installation of the Siemens fire and voice evacuation system, the Jinmao Tower and the Grand Hyatt Shanghai, the world's top hotel, provide safe and comfortable working and living environments for thousands of people. It can be foreseen that the smart residential community will become the development trend of the construction industry in the future, and the home security alarm system will become an integral part of theintelligent residential community. In particular, as people's living standards improve, people using home security alarm system equipmentwill More and more, people's lives will be more comfortable and safer.2 home security alarm system overall design2.1 Overall Design Scheme of Home Security Alarm SystemThe design of this system is a new home security alarm system that integrates single-chip microcomputer control technology, sensor detection technology, and communication technology. The system is based on the single-chip microcomputer and consists of various detection units placed in different rooms and main control units responsible for decision-making. Each detection unit is responsible for detecting various conditions of the indoor environment, such as temperature, humidity, formaldehyde content, leaking water, etc., and then sending the collected data to the main control unit through wireless communication, and the main control unit makes a decision and issues a corresponding The instruction controls the operation of the system, thus realizing the automatic detection and automatic alarm of the indoor environment and maintaining the safety of the indoor environment. The hardware of the system consists of eight parts: main control unit, fire detection unit, water leakage detection unit, anti-theft detection unit, gas leak detection unit, formaldehyde content detection unit, wireless communication module, and GSM network communication module. Ensure the normal operation of the system. The circuit of the system is mainlycomposed of a power supply module, a microcontroller module, a sensor module, a wireless module, a display module, and an alarm module.2.2 main control unitThe main control unit, as the control center of the system, is responsible for receiving the information of each detection unit through the wireless module, processing the information, finding the alarm information to issue a corresponding alarm, and promptly notifying the user for processing. The main control unit can complete tasks such as GSM network SMS alarm, sound and light alarm, LED screen display, and keyboard control. The GSM short message module is used to send and receive short messages so as to monitor home security. A variety of sensors are used to collect home information, and information fusion technology is used to obtain more reliable alarm information. After receiving the alarm information, the owner responded to the SMS to control and handle the situation on the site, so as to ensure home security and theft prevention. The system is simple in structure, easy to install and debug, and easy to use.DetectorThe detector is used to detect various environmental information in the room. The environmental information is sent to the main control unit so that the main control unit can process the information in time according to the information. The sensor is the core component of the detector. According to the detection situation,sensors of different types and different principles constitute different detectors. The detectors involved in the system mainly include the following types:(1) Fire detectorFire detectors are mainly installed in the kitchen. It uses a combination of smoke sensors and temperature and humidity sensors. Smoke sensors mainly include ion smoke sensors and photoelectric smoke sensors. The system uses ion smoke sensors. The ionized smoke sensor contains an internal radiation source 241. The current and voltage of the ionization chamber inside and outside the sensor are stable under normal conditions. When a fire occurs, the ionization chamber ionizes positive and negative ions under the action of an electric field. The two ions move toward the positive and negative poles, and the internal current and voltage change to generate an alarm signal. The temperature and humidity sensor can convert the temperature and humidity of the environment into analog signals. These analog signals are converted into digital signals thatcan be processed by the MCU under the action of their own processing chip. In the event of a fire, the temperature and humidity in the room will rise sharply within a short period of time. Comprehensive temperature and humidity conditions can prevent false alarms due to external interference from the smoke sensor.(2) Water leak detectorThe leak detector is mainly installed in the bathroom. Its working principle is mainly to use the conductive characteristics of water. Thetwo probes of the detector are installed slightly higher than the ground, and are respectively connected to an I/O pin and GND pin of the microcontroller. When water leakage occurs, the water level is higher than the height of the probe. The two probes of the detector are turned on, and the level of the I/O pin of the microcontroller is set low to generate an alarm signal.(3) Theft detectorThe anti-theft detector is installed above the window. The detection part is mainly composed of pyroelectric and infrared sensors. When a gangster enters through the window, pyroelectric and infrared laser sensors can generate alarm signalsat the same time. The combination of the two sensors can preventfalse alarms caused by small animals or accidents. An important component of a pyroelectric sensor is a piezoelectric ceramic dielectric that maintains its polarization after being poled, known as spontaneous polarization. Spontaneous polarization decreases with increasing temperature and drops to zero at the Curie point. Therefore, when this material is exposed to infrared radiation and the temperature rises, the surface charge will decrease, which corresponds to the release of a part of the charge and is therefore called pyroelectricity. The released charge can be converted to a voltage output via an amplifier, thereby generating an alarm signal. When radiation continues to act on the pyroelectric element to balance its surface charge, it no longerreleases charge. Therefore, pyroelectric sensors cannot detect constantinfrared radiation. The infrared detector employs a photoelectric switch. The photoelectric switch (photoelectric sensor) is an abbreviation ofthe photoelectric proximity switch. It uses the object to block orreflect the light beam and strobes the circuit by a synchronous circuit to detect the presence or absence of an object. The photoelectric switch converts the input current into an optical signal on the transmitter,and the receiver then detects the target object according to thereceived light intensity or presence or absence.(4) Gas leak detectorThe gas is mainly composed of hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide,and ethylene, and the natural gas is mainly composed of methane, ethane, propane, and other components. It can be seen that in both gases, methane is an important component of them. By detecting the methane content, it can be determined whether gas or natural gas leaks occur. The methane sensor converts the information related to the methane concentration into analog signals. These analog signals can be converted into digital signals by the A/D chip and sent to the microcontroller. The microcontroller can obtain the indoor methane content according to the size of the digital data. Calculate the concentration of gas and natural gas so that detection and alarm can be achieved.(5) Formaldehyde detectorFormaldehyde is generally considered to be the number one killer of the indoorenvironment. Its release period is generally 3-15 years, and itsharm is very serious for the human body, especially infants, pregnant women, the elderly and chronic patients. Formaldehyde mainly exists onthe floor, decoration plates, furniture, carpets, paints, and glue. People can easily overlook its existence, but it can cause serious damage to people's health. The formaldehyde sensor uses the electrochemical formaldehyde gas sensor HCHO produced by Dart Sensor.This sensor is developed based on a breath alcohol sensor and issuitable for monitoring in most environments (-20?C~+50?C) (for special applications, it can be used at higher temperatures). This sensor is simple in design, with few components and its cost is reduced. It doesnot require power supply excitation. It only requires power duringsignal processing and display, so it is only a simple small battery cell.communication deviceThis system mainly adopts wireless communication methods, whichavoids complicated laying of lines and is both beautiful and convenient. The main control unit and each subunit communicate with the wireless module 24L01. The effective range is 60 meters, which fully meets the needs of home use. The communication between the main control unit andthe user adopts the GSM (mobile phone network) method. The alarm system can send the information in the home to the user as a short message. The user can also control the running of the home system by sending an SMS.Home Security Alarm System Functions and Working PrinciplesThe main control unit of the system can be placed in the living room, and the detection unit can be installed in different rooms of the house. For example, the fire detection unit is installed in the kitchen, the leak detection unit may be installed in the toilet, the anti-theft alarm detection unit is installed above the door and window, the gas leak detection unit is installed in the kitchen, and the formaldehyde content detection unit is placed in the living room or the bedroom. Thedetection unit placed in different locations sends information to the main control unit in real time through the wireless device. Once a fire, leaking water pipe, burglary, or gas leak occurs, the main control unit will immediately receive an alarm signal. Then the main control unit The unit will judge and process the alarm signal, get the alarm type, make an audible and visual alarm, and notify the user through the GSM network. The home security alarm system has six main functions: Mobile phone network intelligent alarm. When an unexpected situation in the home is detected, an alarm is sent through a text message. It canmonitor the concentration of gas or natural gas in the home, discovergas leaks, and promptly report an alarm. Anti-theft function, when athief enters, immediately makes an alarm, and promptly informs thepolice and the household head; Intelligent fire alarm, immediately when the fire occurs in the home, to alarm, to reduce the loss of property; Intelligent waterproof detection function, found a leak in the home, timely closure of the main valve, And notify the owner by SMS to avoidthe loss; The system can be controlled by the remote controller, whichis easy to use and easy to operate.3 Hardware Design of Home Security Alarm System3.1 Design of the main control unitThe main controller consists of power supply, GSM communication module, wireless communication module, display device, button, and remote controller. The structure is shown in the figure.Figure 3 main control unit system diagram Power section uses theAC220/DC5V power supply module, after the power supply voltage transformer voltage regulator, and finally get a stable 5V voltage to the microcontroller and other electrical equipment. The display device uses 12864 liquid crystal, 12864 is the abbreviation of dot matrix number of 128*64 dot matrix LCD module, 12864 LCD with Chinese font library can display 4 rows and 8 columns of 32 characters with 16 16 dot matrix, each The display RAM can display 1 Chinese character or 2 16×8 lattice full height ASCII code characters, that is, each display can display up to 32 Chinese characters or 64 ASCII characters. The display of indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, light intensity, and system working status is realized through the liquid crystal, so that people can understand the working status of the system in real time. The basic circuit for displaying the liquid crystal is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 LCD connection circuit diagram The GSM mobile network communication module is selected from theSiemens TC35 module, which is a dual-band 900/1800MHz highly integrated GSM module, it is easy to integrate, cost-effective, good product quality and performance The system guarantees that the system communicates with the user's mobile phone via SMS, which is convenient and quick. The GSM module can transmit voice and data signals andconnect the SIM card reader and antenna respectively through theinterface connector and antenna connector. The automatic baud rate is1.2kb/s~115kb/s. It supports Short Message Service (SMS) in Text and PDU formats, and can send text messages and make phone calls. The module expansion circuit is shown in Figure 5, and the features are described below. Information transmission content: Voice and data power: Single power supply 3.3V ~ 5.5V Frequency band: Dual-band GSM900MHz andDCS1800MHz (Phase 2+) Transmitting power: 2W(GSM900MHz Class 4) 1W (DCS1800MHz Class 1) 8SIM Card Connection: External Antenna: External antenna connected by antenna connectorTalk mode: 300mA (Typ.) Figure 5 TC35 peripheral expansion circuit diagram The wireless communication device uses the 24L01 wireless module, and the maximum operating speed is 2Mbps. It is highly efficient GFSK modulation and has strong anti-interference ability. Up to 126 available channels to meet the needs of multi-point communication and frequency hopping communication, built-in hardware CRC error detection and point-to-multipoint communication address control; Low power consumption 1. 9 - 3. 6V operation, 22uA in standby mode Under power-down mode is 900nA; Built-in 2. 4Ghz antenna, small and exquisite; The module can be set bysoftware address, can be directly used by various microcontrollers, software programming is very convenient. When connecting with P0 port of 51 series single-chip microcomputer, it needs to add 10K pull-upresistor and it is not necessary to connect with other ports. For other series of microcontrollers, if it is 5V, please refer to the output current of the IO of this series of microcontrollers. If it exceeds 10mA, series resistor divider is required. If it is 3. 3V, it can be directly connected to the IO line of the RF2401 module. For example, if AVRseries microcontrollers are 5V, they are generally connected in series with 2K resistors. The keypad is used to set the basic parameters of the main control unit. It can also set the parameters through the SAA3010T remote control. The remote control receiver uses HS0038.The connection circuit with the microcontroller is shown in Figure 6. Figure 6 Infrared remote control receiver circuit we use the receiver head, its drive circuit is simple, easy to control the microcontroller. Its operation method is the same as that of an ordinary TV remote controller, and the operation is simple and easy to use.3.2 Design of fire detection unitThe fire alarm unit is composed of a smoke sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor. The increase of the temperature and humidity sensor can enhance the reliability of the alarm and reduce the occurrence of false alarms. The composition of the fire alarm unit is shown in Figure 8. Fig. 8 System diagram of fire detection unit The smoke sensorconverts the collected smoke concentration into an analog signal. Afterthe A/D chip, the analog signal is converted into a digital signal and sent to the microcontroller. Temperature and humidity sensor The DH11can send temperature and humidity in digital form to the microcontroller, so the signal does not have to be processed. The MCU sends the received information to the master control unit through the wireless communication module 24L01. The type of smoke sensor used in the system is MQ-2. The gas sensitive material used by MQ-2 is tin dioxide (SnO2) with low conductivity in clean air, and its sensitivity to smoke is very high. 3.3 Design of leak detection unitThe unit's design mainly utilizes the conductive properties of water. There are two detection probes connected to the microcontroller, which are connected to the I/O pin and the GND pin of the microcontroller. When in use, put the two probes above the bathroom floor. When there is water leakage, the toilet will produce water. The two probes of the detector are connected to the stagnant water. The preset high-level I/O pins are set low. , Generate an alarm signal, the microcontroller then sends the alarm signal to the main control unit through the wireless communication module, thus completing the entire alarm process. The specific structure of the alarm unit is shown in Figure 11.3.4 Design of Gas Leak Detection UnitThe gas leak detection unit is mainly composed of a methane content displayliquid crystal, a methane sensor, a wireless communication module, and a buzzer alarm. The structure is shown in FIG. Figure 12 shows thegas leakage detection unit system. Among them, the liquid crystal display is a 5110 liquid crystal display. Its features are: Cost-effective, LCD1602 can display 32 characters, and Nokia5110 can display 15 Chinese characters, 30 characters, Nokia5110 bare screen only 8. 8 yuan, LCD1602 generally about 15 yuan, LCD12864 generally 50 to 70 yuan; interface is simple, only four I / O lines can drive, LCD1602 need 11 I / O lines, LCD12864 need 12 root. The speed is 20 times that of theLCD12864 and 40 times that of the LCD1602. The model selected for the methane sensor is GJ4. Its output is analog and needs to be sent to the microcontroller via A/D conversion. Its use is similar to the smoke sensor.3.5 Design of formaldehyde monitoring unitFormaldehyde detection unit is mainly composed of formaldehyde sensor, operational amplifier, wireless communication module and sound and light alarm. The formaldehyde sensor converts the formaldehyde concentration into electrical signals. The signal is processed by the operational amplifier and then input to the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer judges the signal and sends the formaldehyde content signal to the main control unit through the wireless communication module. The sensor contains a conventional two-electrode fuel cell sensor. The working electrode discharges electrons to the counter electrode through an external circuit and is consumed at the counting electrode end with the reduction of oxygen. The internal circuit is realized by the ion current in the electrolyte. Well-designedto facilitate the growth of electrolyte. The rise and fall of the electrolyte varies with the changes in ambient temperature and humidity, but the normal operation will not affect the calibration value. The specific circuit shown in Figure.3.6 Design of anti-theft alarm unitThe anti-theft alarm unit is a double detector consisting of a pyroelectric sensor and an infrared sensor. Compared with conventional pyroelectric or infrared single sensor systems, Shuangjian detectors have significantly reduced their false alarm rates.When the Shuangjian detector works, the two signals of thepyroelectric sensor and the infrared sensor are processed by the NAND gate and sent to the SCM. When only two sensors respond at the same time, the detector sends an alarm signal to the microcontroller, otherwise no alarm signal is generated. In addition, when designing, Fresnel lens is added to the pyroelectric sensor, and the principle diagram of false alarms that can reduce the external interference signal by changing the lens division method is shown in Fig.16. Fig. 16 System diagram of the anti-theft alarm unit When the double-detection detector works, the pyroelectric sensor and the infrared sensor signal are sent to thesingle-chip microcomputer after being processed by a NAND gate. Whenonly two sensors respond at the same time, the detector sends an alarm signal to the microcontroller, otherwise no alarm signal is generated.In addition, Fresnel lens is added to the pyroelectric sensor during design. By changing the lens segmentation mode, false alarms due toexternal interference signals can be reduced. 3.7 Design of Communication SectionThe communication part of this system is mainly composed of GSM mobile network communication module and 24L01 wireless communication module. The GSM module communicates with the user's mobile phone through the mobile phone network of the mobile phone, and the user can understand the security situation at home at any time. Each detection unit communicates with the main control unit through the wireless communication module and feeds back the detected information to the main control unit in time. System Communication Structure Diagram The GSM mobile network communication module uses the TC35 module. Its main features are wide coverage, low cost, reliable quality, and high security. It inherits the standard AT instruction set and RS232interface standard internally, which makes it easier for the microcontroller system to control it. It reduces the design of external circuits and simplifies the programming of the program. The hardware circuit is not complicated, but there are many modules used, which increases the complexity of programming and the difficulty of debugging. Therefore, it is necessary to debug each module individually after being debugged by the single chip microcomputer. Communication module application circuit diagram SIM CARD is a mobile communication network user identification module. SIM CARD contains the user's user information and is an indispensable tool for communication with mobile phones. There are 6 pins corresponding to each other on the SIM card andthe card holder. This is the interface between SIM CARD and TC35. The wireless communication part adopts 24L01 wireless communication module, which has built-in 2. 4Ghz antenna, small size, software address, software programming is very convenient, built-in special voltage regulator circuit, using a variety of power supply including DC/DC switching power supply are very good The communication effect, when connected to the P0 port of the 51 series single-chip microcomputer, requires a pull-up resistor of 10K, and it is not necessary to connectto other ports. The user can set the alarm phone number, alarm mode,work mode, etc. through the keypad. Through the liquid crystal display, you can clearly understand the operating conditions of the system andthe environmental parameters in your home, such as temperature, humidity, gas concentration, formaldehyde concentration, leaks, and communication conditions.中文译文基于单片机的居家安全报警系统的设计摘要本设计是对基于单片机的居家安全报警领域进行研究，设计出以STC89C52 单片机为核心的高性价比，易于安装的居家安全报警系统。
基于单片机智能无线防盗报警系统的设计.
智能无线防盗报警系统的设计郑海春1 姜玥2(1.西华大学电气信息学院,四川成都 610039 2.西南民族大学计算机科学与技术学院,四川成都 610041Design of Intelligent Wireless Anti-theft Alarm SystemZHENG HAICHUN1 JIANG YUE2Abstract: An intelligent wireless anti-theft alarm system is designed which makes use of SCM and wireless data transfer technology and is based on Public Switched Telephone Network(PSTN. The system will start alarm signals and automatically dial remote alarms by the pre-set telephone number when emergency situations occur.The system is simple, faithfull and economical.It has a strong practical value and a wide market future.Keywords: wireless; anti-theft alarm; sensor; detection摘要基于公用电话网,利用单片机和无线数据传输技术设计了智能无线防盗报警系统。
系统在有警情发生时启动报警信号,并按预设的电话号码实现远程的自动拨号报警。
实践证明,本系统结构简单、可靠性高、成本低,具有很强的实用价值和广阔的市场前景。
关键词:无线;防盗报警;传感器;探测中图分类号:TP212 文献标识码: B1 引言随着智能住宅(Smart Home在中国的发展,防盗报警系统已成为保障小区安全的必备设备。
基于单片机的无线防盗报警器研究与设计
基于单片机的无线防盗报警器研究与设计王志刚;李伟;贾宇飞【摘要】该报警器具有误报率较低、安装和配置容易、成本低、能量消耗少、使用非常方便的特点. 实现的原理是感应震动信号,将其转换成超低频信号,经电路放大、输出. 检测器是利用震动传感器SW-18015P,一旦有震动便向主机发出信号.而主机功能是通过无线接受信号,再经单片机处理,然后数码管显示出信号发出的具体范围并同时控制喇叭发出警告声音. 可以应用于家居防盗、仓库防盗等多种防盗场合,具有很强的实用价值和良好的市场前景.%The alarm has a low rate of false positives, easy installation and configuration, low cost, less energy consumption, use very convenient. Induction is the principle of vibration signals, convert them to ultra-low frequency signal, after amplification circuit, output. Detector is the use of vibration sensor SW-18015-p, once has the vibration signal to the host. The host function is through radio signals, then through single chip, then the digital tube display out the specific scope of the signal and at the same time issued a warning sound control horn. Can be applied to household anti-theft, warehouse and wait for a variety of security situation, has the very strong practical value and good market prospects.【期刊名称】《电子设计工程》【年(卷),期】2015(023)020【总页数】4页(P134-136,140)【关键词】无线报警系统;震动传感器;STC89C51;防盗【作者】王志刚;李伟;贾宇飞【作者单位】黄河科技学院河南郑州 450063;黄河科技学院河南郑州 450063;黄河科技学院河南郑州 450063【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TN014随着现在社会的发展，时代进步，生活水平的提高，人们对自己所处环境的安全要求也就越来越高，不得不时刻留意不速之客的光顾，人们对家居安全也越来越重视。
DOC-火灾报警器中英文文献翻译--基于单片机的火灾探测和监控系统-单片机
DOC-火灾报警器中英文文献翻译--基于单片机的火灾探测和监控系统-单片机外文文献原稿和译文原稿Multiple single-chip microcomputer approach tofire detection and monitoring systemA.J. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhDD. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhDM.S. Khassem, MScIndexing term : Hazards, Design, Plant condition monitoringAbstract: A complete system for fire detection and alarm monitoring has been proposed for complex plants. The system uses multiple single chip architecture attached to a party line. The control algorithm is based on a two-level hierarchy of decision making, thus the complexity is distributed. A complete circuit diagram is given for the local and the central station with requirements for the software structure. The design is kept in general form such that it can be adapted to a multitude of plant configurations. It is particularly shown how new developments in technology, especially CMOS single chip devices, are incorporated in the system design to reduce the complexity of theoverall hardware, e.g. by decomposing the system such that lower levels of hierarchy are able to have some autonomy in decision making, and thusa more complex decision is solved in a simple distributed method. 1 IntroductionRegulatory requirements for most high risk plants and buildings mandate the installation of fire detection and warning systems for all sensitive areas of the plant orthe building. Most fire codes state the requirement for monitoring and control pecifically related to a type of a plant or building such as chemical plants, petroleum, snuclear plants, residential high-rises etc. A general conclusion of these codes can be specified as the following requirements :(a) The source of all detector signals should be exactlyidentifiable by the central station(b) An extra path of communication between the central station andall local controllers(c) Direct means of control of alarm and central equipment by the central station(d) Means of communication between the central station and the fire department(e) Availability of emergency power supply. The codes usually also specify the types and frequency of tests for all equipment.A fire detection and alarm system is a combination of devices designed to signal an alarm in case of a fire. The system may also accomplish fan control, fire door hold or release, elevator recall, emergency lighting control and other emergency functions. Theseadditional functions supplement the basic system which consists of detection and alarm devices and central control unit.Technology has an influence on system architecture. When technology changes, the architecture has to be revised to take advantage of these changes. In recent years, VLSI technology has been advancing at an exponential rate. First NMOS and, in the last year or two, CMOS chips have been produced with the same packing density with more gates per chip yet at a lower power consumption than NMOS. Surely this change in technology must affect our design of hardware at both the chip and the system level. At the chip level, single chips are now being produced which are equivalent to board levels of only the previous year or two. These chips have microprocessor, memory in RAM and ROM, IO Ports both serial and parallel, A/D timer, flags and other functions on chip. At the system level, the new chips make new architectures possible. The objective of this paper is to show how technology can influence system architecture in the field of fire control. The new high density single chip microcontrollers are incorporated in the design of a large scale system and yet weobtain a smaller system with a better performance. In terms of fire detection and alarm monitoring, this is reflected directly in the local station hardware, because of their remoteness and power supply requirements. A complete local station can be designed around a single CMOS chip with power consumption of a few m W depending on system operation. This approach reduces the cost and complexity of design,implementation and maintenance and provides easily expandable and portable design. This implementation was not possible with old technology. Most of fire detection/monitoring systems available are tailored towards a specific application and lack the use of recent advances in CMOS VLSI technology. In this study, we develop a fire detection/monitoring system which is general in concept, readily implementable in a multitude of applications for early detection of a fire before it becomes critical, for equipment and evacuation of personnel. Here, we propose a central control and distributedcontrol/detection/monitoring with adequate communication, where use is made of single-chip microcontrollers in the local stations, thus improving controllability and observability of the monitoring process.2 Detection and alarm devicesA basic fire detection system consists of two parts, detection and annunciation. An automatic detection device, such as a heat, smoke or flame detector, ultraviolet or infrared detectors or flame flicker, is based on detectingthe byproduct of a combustion. Smoke detectors, of both ionization and optical types, are the most commonly useddetector devices. When a typical detector of this type enters the alarm state its current consumption increasesfrom the pA to the mA range (say, from a mere 15pA in the dormant mode to 60 mA) in the active mode. Inmany detectors the detector outputvoltage is well defined under various operating conditions, such as thosegiven in Table 1. Themore sensitive the detector, themore susceptible it is to falsealarms. In order to control the detector precisely, either of the following methods is used: a coincidence technique can be built into the detector, or a filtering technique such that a logic circuit becomes active only if x alarms are detected within a time period T. The detection technique depends greatly on the location and plant being protected; smoke detectors are used for sleeping areas, infrared or ultraviolet radiation are used when flammable liquids are being handled, heat detectors are used for fire suppression or extinguishing systems. In general, life and property protection have different approaches.Alarm devices, apart from the usual audible or visible alarms, may incorporate solid state sound reproduction and emergency voice communication or printers that record time, date, location and other information required by the standard code of practice for fireprotection for complex plants. Heaviside [4] has an excellent review of all types of detectors and extinguisher systems.2.1 Control philosophy and division of labourOur control philosophy is implemented hierarchically. Three levelsof system hierarchy are implemented, with two levels of decision making. There is no communication between equipment on the same level. Interaction between levels occurs by upwards transfer of information regarding the status of the subsystems and downwards transfer of commands. This is shown in Fig. 1 where at level 1 is the centralstation microcomputer and is the ultimate decision maker (when not in manual mode). At level 2 are the local controllers, which reside in the local stations. At level 3 are the actual detectors and actuators. A manual mode of operation is provided at all levels.Information regarding the status of all detectors is transmitted on a per area basis to the local controllers. Their information is condensed and transmitted upward to the central microcomputer. Transfer of status is always unidirectional and upwards. Transfer of commands is always unidirectional and downwards, with expansion at the local control level. This approach preserves the strict rules of the hierarchy for exact monitoring detection and alarm systems associated with high risk plants.The classification of the two layers of controls is based uponlayers of decision making, with respect to the facts that(a) When the decision time comes, the making and implementation of a decision cannot be postponed(b) The decisions have uncertainty(c) It will isolate local decisions (e.g. locally we might have an alarm although there may be a fault with the system)3 General hardwareI :Fig. 2 depicts our design in the simplest of forms. The system uses an open party line approach with four conductor cables going in a loop shared by all the remote devices and the control panel. This approach is simple in concept and is economically feasible. However, one major disadvantage is the dependency on a single cable for power andsignaling. In cases where reliability is of extreme importance, two or even three cables taking differentroutes throughout the system may be connected in parallel. Fig. 3 gives the driver circuitry required to derive an expandable bus. This design takes advantage of recent advances in the single chip microcomputer technology to reduce the interface between the central station and the local stations.3. 1 Central control taskA central unit provides a centralized point to monitor and control the systemactivities. In the system to be described the central control unit serves a fivefold purpose.(i) It receives information from the local stations and operates the alarms and other output devices.(ii) It notifies the operator in case of system malfunction.(iii) It provides an overall system control manual and automatic.(iu) It provides a system test point of local stations and itself.(u) It provides a central point for observation, learning and adaptation.3.2 Local stationsThe local stations can take local decisions regarding recognition of a risk situation, and act independently on local affairs. In this technique we depend on ‘load-type coordination’, e.g. the lower level units recognize the existence of otherdecision units on the same level; the central or the top level provides the lower units with a model of the relationship between its action and the response of the system.It is evident that a powerful machine is required at this stage so that all the required functions can be implemented. The availability of the new generation of microchips makes this architecture a feasible solution.A single chip microcomputer was chosen over discrete digital and analogue devices to interface to the field devices and to the central microcomputer. This is the main reason that previously this approach was not feasible.In selecting the microcomputer for the local stations, the criterion was the requirement for a chip which contains the most integration ofthe analogue and digital ports required for the interface and the utilization of CMOS technology owing to remoteness of the local stations. The choice was the Motorola 68HC11A4, for the following reasons:(a) It is CMOS technology; this reduces power consumption.(b) It has a UART on board; this facilitates serial communication.(e) It has an a/d converter on board; this eliminates an externalA/D.(d) It has 4K of ROM, 256 bytes of RAM, 512 bytes of EERROM with 401/0 lines and a 16 bit timer; this satisfied all our memory and 1/0 requirements at the local station side.4 System implementationThe local station: Fig. 3 is the block diagram of the circuit usedto utilize the MC68HCllA4 as a remote fire detecting circuit while Fig.4 illustrates the same circuit in an expanded form. It can be seen that the single microcontroller can be used to monitor more than one detector, thus reducing system cost.The loop power supply, which is usually between 28 and 26 V, isfurther regulated by a 5 V 100 mA monolithic low power voltage regulator to supply power to the microcontroller. The onboard oscillator, coupled with an external crystal of 2.4576 MHz, supplies the microcontrollerwith its timing signal which is divided internally by four to yield aprocessor frequency of 614.4 kHz, which is an even multiple of the RS 232 [7] baud rate generator. In this Section the term ‘supervised input or output’ will be used to mean that the function in question is monitored foropen- and short-circuit conditions in addition to its other normal functions. More information can be found in Reference 9.5 Main loop6 ConclusionThis paper describes the development of a large scale fire detection and alarm system using multi-single chip microcomputers. The architecture used is a two-level hierarchy of decision making. This architecture is made possible by the new CMOS microcontrollers which represent a high packing density at a low power consumption yet are powerful in data processing and thus in decision making. Each local station could make an autonomous decision if the higher level of hierarchy allows it to do so. It has been tried to keep the system design in general format so it can be adapted to varying situations. A prototype of the described system has been built and tested [10]. The control part of the central station is implemented with a development card based on MC 68000 microprocessor (MEX 68KECB, by Motorola), which has a built-inmonitor called Tutor. The application programs were developed using the features provided by this monitor. The local stations’ controllers were designed using the MC68705R3, single-chip microcontroller.7 References1 ‘Fire protection guidelines for nuclear power plants’, US NRC Regulatory Guide 1.1202 BAGCHI, C.N.: ‘A multi-level distributed microprocessor systemfor a nuclear power plant fire protection system controls, monitoring, and communication’, IEEE Trans., 19823 PUCILL, P.M.: ‘Fire hazard protection, detection and moni toring systems’, Sea. Con, 2, Proceedings of Symposium on ADV in offshore and terminal measurement and control systems, Brighton, England, March 1979, pp. 353-3634 HEAVISID, L.: ‘Offshore fire and explosion detection and fixed fire’. Offshore Technologic al Conference, 12th Annual Proceedings, Houston, Texas, May 1980, pp. 509-5225 CELLENTANI, E.N., and HUMPHREY, W.Y.: ‘Coordinateddetection/communication approach to fire protection’, Specify: Eng.,6 ‘Motorola Microprocessors Data Manual’ (Motorola Se miconductor Products, Austin, Texas, USA)7 Electronic Industries Association : ‘Interface between data terminal equipmentand data communication equipment employing serial binary data interchange’ (EIA Standard RS-232, Washington, DC, 1969)8 MESAROVIC, M.D., MACKO, D., TAKAHARA, Y.: ‘Theory of hierarchical multilevel systems’ (Academic Press, 1970)9 KASSEM, M.: ‘Fire alarm systems’, MSc. thesis, Dept. of Elec. & Comp. Eng., Concordia University, Montreal, Canada, 198510 LIE, P., and KOTAMARTI, U.: ‘The design of a fire alarm system using microprocessors’, C481 Project, Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng., Concordia University,Montreal, Canada, 1986译文基于单片机的火灾探测和监控系统A.J. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhDD. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhDM.S. Khassem, MSc关键词:危险，设计，设备状态监测摘要:火灾探测及报警监控已成为一个复杂而完整的体系。
(完整word版)外文翻译——基于单片机的红外防盗报警系统设计
外文原文Based on infrared alarm technology security systems1 the introduction1.1 the research significance of this topic research situation at home and abroad .With the development of society and science and technology unceasing development, people's living standards been improved greatly, and to the private property protection means in the unceasing enhancement, the intelligent facilities for anti-theft puts forward new requirements. This design is to meet the need of modern residential anti-theft designed family electronic alarm system. It in previous devices based on improved greatly, because use the single-chip processor signal, not only can used for single residential area, also can be used in a large-scale residential security systems. It's the job of the performance is good, do not appear to report and misstatement phenomenon, safe and reliable.In our country, the present market condition alarm basically has triggered alarm system pressure switch electron and alarm system and pressure shading triggered alarm system, etc. Various kinds of alarm, but this several common alarm there are some shortcomings. This system USES a human pyroelectric infrared sensor in the human body detector in the flied, passive pyroelectric infrared detectors because of its low cost, easy fabrication, low cost, installation is more convenient, anti-theft performance is stable and high sensitivity, safe and reliable, has attracted broad family characteristics such as popular with the customers. And alarms installation concealment, not easily by rogue found.1.2 infrared alarm technology introduction1.2.1 nature objects of the infrared radiationThe nature of any object, as long as the temperature above absolute zero (273 ℃), constantly outward issued infrared radiation, and travel at the speed of light energy. Object radiate outward infrared radiation of energy and the object of temperature and infrared radiant wavelength. Assuming objects launching infrared radiation of peak wavelength for a few, its temperature for T, the radiation energy equals infrared radiation of peak wavelength gerben and object product temperature T. This product is a constant, namely:The higher the temperature of the objects, emit infrared radiation of the smaller peak wavelength, send out infrared radiation energy is bigger also.1.2.2.pyroelectric effectPassive infrared detector also called pyroelectric infrared detector, its main working principle is pyroelectric effect. Pyroelectric effect means if make some strong dielectric material (such as qin batio3, qin wrong acid lead P (zT), etc.) of thesurface temperature changes, then with the temperature rise or fall, material surface occurs polarization, namely on the surface of the charge will be produced change, and material surface charge lost balance and eventually charge will change withvoltage or current form output.1.2.3 pyroelectric infrared sensor basic structurePyroelectric infrared sensors from sensor detection yuan, interference filters and mosfet verifier three parts. According to the number of detecting yuan to points, pyroelectric infrared sensors have unit, double yuanhe four yuan to wait for a few kinds, for human detection of infrared sensor adopts double yuan or four yuan type structure. According to pyroelectric infrared sensor utility cent, have the following kinds: used for measuring temperature sensor, it's the job of the wavelength of (1-20) nano, Used for flame detection sensor, it's the job of the wavelength for0.435 + / - 0.15 nano, For human detection sensor, it's the job of the wavelength of 7 to 15 feet. Figure 1.2 is a double detection yuan pyroelectric infrared sensor structure schematic drawing. The sensor will two opposite polarity, special1.2.4 pyroelectric infrared detector basic principlePyroelectric infrared sensor by receiving mobile human radiation that certain wavelengths of infrared radiation, can be transformed into and human body movement speed and distance, the direction of low-frequency signals about. When pyroelectric infrared sensor by ir radiation sources of radiation, its internal sensitive materials temperatures will rise, polarization intensity is abate, surface charge reduce, usually will release this part of the charge called pyroelectric charge. Because of pyroelectric charge how many can reflect material changes of temperature, so by pyroelectric charge by circuit transformed into the output voltage can also reflect material changes in temperature, thus detect ir radiation energy changes.2 hardware system design2.1 infrared anti-theft alarm system hardware designBecause this design focuses on family guard against theft, real-time monitoring of a narrower range, so this design by simply using a passive infrared detector is enough.Therefore, infrared intelligent anti-theft alarm system, and the specific design requirements for:(1)completes to high sensitive infrared sensor design, make its can warning of what happened real-time and accurate detection.(2) automatic alarm (automatic dial-up alarm audible and visual alarm). We design the system must have the following function module:1.passive infrared detector,2.sound-light alarm,3.telephone automatic dial-up function;4.continued uninterrupted power supply,According to the system to complete functions, we adopt single chip microcomputer as the core of the system unit, electronic detection, intelligent control and telephone tong2.2 telephone automatic dial-up alarm circuit designIn order to simplify the whole system design process, we do not adopt MT880 chip dialing. Realization process is as follows:First in telephone storage inside put on domestic host cell phone numberor alarm call 110. From MCU pins p2.0 and p2.1 drawn two wiring connect relays, a pick telephone keyboard MianDiJian, another connect telephone keyboard keys, automatic weighing dial because the phone keypad scanning is similar microcontroller keypad scanning, so can make SCM give fitst p2.0 a signal, lets telephone h-f, then give the p2.1 a signal, let relay connected, automatic weighing dial the key a potential, let telephone automatic dial-up, so they could finish the system alarm function.2.3 system working principleThe whole system hardware part mainly includes six parts: MCU module; Infrared detector, Acousto-optic alarm circuit; Telephone automatic dial-up alarm circuit; Power supply circuit, Working state instructions circuit. Its system working principle for: the sensors will be detected signals to lead signal processor processing, microcontroller judgment to P1.0 mouth have pulse falling edge jumping signal immediately transferred to the acousto-optic alarm program, at this moment, the red light buzzer alarm rapid flashes, lasted 30s. In the 30s inside if someone press the switch, then eliminate alarm remove alarm. if this time no one remove alarm, the proof nobody at home in 30s system will automatically triggers telephone finish the whole system of police work project. Later, microcontroller will continue to cycle back ? sentenced2.4 system total diagramIn proteus simulation system, the system circuit by crystals circuit, sound-light alarm circuit composed. Among them, we use connect the dedication of the P1.0 simulated infrared sensors, requirement when switch when pressed by the high jump, level is low, the equivalent of, sensor detects the state of man, the telephone line with P2.0 and P2.1 derivation, here without simulation telephone circuit diagram.Figure 3.53 software system design3.1 control module design programMicrocomputer in the initial plus electric, voltage is not steady state, causing instability, at this time the SCM in commonly after power up to system with a piece of delay. Time-lapse after detecting P1 mouth microcontroller state, detection level signal whether mutations, if is then calls the police processing procedure, including automatic dialup audible and visual alarm procedures, if no changes, ChuXiang level detection continues to P1 mouth state.Figure 4.1 main program flowchart3.2 system development adopted by the programming and commissioning of the platformThis system language using assembly language preparation, so choose wave6000, he has the microcontroller program edit, compile and debugging, etc., and generate hexadecimal. Files, through: machine TOPWIN burning software writeable microcontroller program memory. The simulation software use Proteus, he is from Britain Labcenter electronics company EDA software. The circuit of the simulation is interactive, aiming at the microprocessor application, still can directly based on schematic diagram of the virtual prototype programming, and implementing software source code level of real-time debugging, if have display and output, still can see after the operation of input and output effect.4 system debugging and test4.1 software debuggingAdopt modularization program design thought, fitst debugging subroutines, then gradually superposition debugging, through Proteus simulation software debugging, proof program can realize its function.4.2 system debuggingThrough the circuit of welding, each module function commissioning. I put the hardware that occur errors adjusted, in addition, infrared that piece, because is employing redirected of pyroelectric switch modified, so in must be taping photoconductive resistance to rise, has arrived in the days and nights can alarm function. The total system commissioning, through, error meets the requirement.5 closingThis system uses a pyroelectric infrared sensor, its make simple low cost and installation are more convenient and anti-theft performance is stable and strong anti-jamming capability, high sensitivity, safe and reliable.外文翻译基于红外报警技术的防盗系统1 绪论1.1 本课题的研究现状及研究意义随着社会的不断进步和科学技术不断发展，人们生活水平得到很大的提高，对私有财产的保护手段在不断的增强，对防盗设施的智能化提出了新的要求。
单片机居家安全报警系统外文文献翻译
单片机居家安全报警系统外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)英文原文Design of Home Safety Alarm System Based on Single Chip MicrocomputerAbstractThis design is to study the field of home safety alarm based on single-chip microcomputer, and design a home safety alarm system that is based on STC89C52 single chip microcomputer and is cost-effective and easy to install. The alarm system adopts the communication mode of wireless communication and GSM communication and the modular design concept. It detects different types of risk factors in the home environment through different types of sensor units, and feedbacks the environmental parameters of different rooms to the main control unit. The control unit makes corresponding decisions and issues alarm instructions when necessary to ensure the safety of the home environment. The system is simple and convenient to operate and has a high degree of intelligence. It can detect home risk factors and prevent dangerous accidents.Keywords: home security alarm system; wireless communication; GSM1 Introduction1.1 Hidden dangers and detection in modern home lifeIn the modern home life, people cannot live without convenient living materials such as running water, electricity, and natural gas. However, they bring convenience to us and also increase the unsafe factors in the home life, leaking water pipes, accidental fires, gas leaks, etc. An accident can bring irreparable damage to the family. With the increasing population of the city and the increasing mobility of the population, the crime rate of theft and house robbery has been high for many years. Traditional anti-theft doors and windows have a certain preventive effect, and there are also many security risks. A wide variety of decoration materials, furniture, and decorative items provide us with convenience and beautify the home while alsocontaminating formaldehyde. Therefore, the safety of the home environment has received increasing attention in recent years. How to create a comfortable, healthy and safe home environment has become a hot topic of common concern. In recent years, electronic technology has been changing with each passing day, and communication technology is flourishing. Among them, the development of chip technology and sensor technology is particularly prominent, which provides new options for the solution of home security issues. The use of a home safety alarm device with a microcontroller and a sensor as its core enables the detection of various risk factors in the home, such as gas concentration, formaldehyde content, leakage of water pipes, and theft of rooms, etc. The system can perform remote alarms in a timely manner and notify the user Solve it.1.2 Selected topics and meaningWith the rapid development of science and technology and economic level, people's requirements for the home environment have evolved from the initial satisfaction of simple housing development to the emphasis on the human needs of residential housing. As a result, many safe, comfortable, fast, and convenient smart communities have emerged. where safety is the primary goal. In addition to human factors, the establishment of security systems is an indispensable and important measure for the realization of smart residential security.At present, there are many types of home security products on the market, which can be roughly divided into several relatively independent categories such as anti-theft alarms, video surveillance, and access control systems. Some products have fewer functions, and products with more comprehensive functions have relatively higher prices. Installation is complicated. In other words, there is an urgent need for a product that requires a price to be popular, strong functions, simple installation, easy use, reliable work, and low false alarm rate. Therefore, starting from the actual application, this article systematically elaborates that the use of the system does not need to change the power lines in the home. It has low cost, does not affect aesthetics, wireless communication, and is easy to use. It is suitable for general househo ld use. Home security is closely related to each of us. The use of home security alarm devicescan improve the quality of life of people and make life more secure and convenient. Because of the advantages of the system and the unmatched price/performance ratio of the 51 series microcontrollers, it will be used in future development. Has a broad market prospects and development potential.1.3 Research Status and Development Trends at Home and AbroadIn recent years, with the rapid development of electronic information technology, computer technology, communication technology and sensor technology, there are more and more products related to home security alarms. Domestic and foreign companies such as Siemens, Honeywell, Bosch, Shenzhen Yingmao and many other companies have developed a series of home security alarm products. They generally have wired or wireless communication functions to complete some alarm functions and have carried out Successful application. For example, Siemens' product portfolio includes general-purpose security and security solutions and services, including access control systems, intrusion detection, video surveillance systems, on-site service control centers, and emergency management systems. Thanks to the installation of the Siemens fire and voice evacuation system, the Jinmao Tower and the Grand Hyatt Shanghai, the world's top hotel, provide safe and comfortable working and living environments for thousands of people. It can be foreseen that the smart residential community will become the development trend of the construction industry in the future, and the home security alarm system will become an integral part of the intelligent residential community. In particular, as people's living standards improve, people using home security alarm system equipment will More and more, people's lives will be more comfortable and safer.2 home security alarm system overall design2.1 Overall Design Scheme of Home Security Alarm SystemThe design of this system is a new home security alarm system that integrates single-chip microcomputer control technology, sensor detection technology, and communication technology. The system is based on the single-chip microcomputer and consists of various detection units placed in different rooms and main control units responsible for decision-making. Each detection unit is responsible for detectingvarious conditions of the indoor environment, such as temperature, humidity, formaldehyde content, leaking water, etc., and then sending the collected data to the main control unit through wireless communication, and the main control unit makes a decision and issues a corresponding The instruction controls the operation of the system, thus realizing the automatic detection and automatic alarm of the indoor environment and maintaining the safety of the indoor environment. The hardware of the system consists of eight parts: main control unit, fire detection unit, water leakage detection unit, anti-theft detection unit, gas leak detection unit, formaldehyde content detection unit, wireless communication module, and GSM network communication module. Ensure the normal operation of the system. The circuit of the system is mainly composed of a power supply module, a microcontroller module, a sensor module, a wireless module, a display module, and an alarm module.2.2 main control unitThe main control unit, as the control center of the system, is responsible for receiving the information of each detection unit through the wireless module, processing the information, finding the alarm information to issue a corresponding alarm, and promptly notifying the user for processing. The main control unit can complete tasks such as GSM network SMS alarm, sound and light alarm, LED screen display, and keyboard control. The GSM short message module is used to send and receive short messages so as to monitor home security. A variety of sensors are used to collect home information, and information fusion technology is used to obtain more reliable alarm information. After receiving the alarm information, the owner responded to the SMS to control and handle the situation on the site, so as to ensure home security and theft prevention. The system is simple in structure, easy to install and debug, and easy to use.DetectorThe detector is used to detect various environmental information in the room. The environmental information is sent to the main control unit so that the main control unit can process the information in time according to the information. The sensor is the core component of the detector. According to the detection situation,sensors of different types and different principles constitute different detectors. The detectors involved in the system mainly include the following types:(1) Fire detectorFire detectors are mainly installed in the kitchen. It uses a combination of smoke sensors and temperature and humidity sensors. Smoke sensors mainly include ion smoke sensors and photoelectric smoke sensors. The system uses ion smoke sensors. The ionized smoke sensor contains an internal radiation source 241. The current and voltage of the ionization chamber inside and outside the sensor are stable under normal conditions. When a fire occurs, the ionization chamber ionizes positive and negative ions under the action of an electric field. The two io ns move toward the positive and negative poles, and the internal current and voltage change to generate an alarm signal. The temperature and humidity sensor can convert the temperature and humidity of the environment into analog signals. These analog signals are converted into digital signals that can be processed by the MCU under the action of their own processing chip. In the event of a fire, the temperature and humidity in the room will rise sharply within a short period of time. Comprehensive temperature and humidity conditions can prevent false alarms due to external interference from the smoke sensor.(2) Water leak detectorThe leak detector is mainly installed in the bathroom. Its working principle is mainly to use the conductive characteristics of water. The two probes of the detector are installed slightly higher than the ground, and are respectively connected to an I/O pin and GND pin of the microcontroller. When water leakage occurs, the water level is higher than the height of the probe. The two probes of the detector are turned on, and the level of the I/O pin of the microcontroller is set low to generate an alarm signal.(3) Theft detectorThe anti-theft detector is installed above the window. The detection part is mainly composed of pyroelectric and infrared sensors. When a gangster enters through the window, pyroelectric and infrared laser sensors can generate alarm signalsat the same time. The combination of the two sensors can prevent false alarms caused by small animals or accidents. An important component of a pyroelectric sensor is a piezoelectric ceramic dielectric that maintains its polarization after being poled, known as spontaneous polarization. Spontaneous polarization decreases with increasing temperature and drops to zero at the Curie point. Therefore, when this material is exposed to infrared radiation and the temperature rises, the surface charge will decrease, which corresponds to the release of a part of the charge and is therefore called pyroelectricity. The released charge can be converted to a voltage output via an amplifier, thereby generating an alarm signal. When radiation continues to act on the pyroelectric element to balance its surface charge, it no longer releases charge. Therefore, pyroelectric sensors cannot detect constant infrared radiation. The infrared detector employs a photoelectric switch. The photoelectric switch (photoelectric sensor) is an abbreviation of the photoelectric proximity switch. It uses the object to block or reflect the light beam and strobes the circuit by a synchronous circuit to detect the presence or absence of an object. The photoelectric switch converts the input current into an optical signal on the transmitter, and the receiver then detects the target object according to the received light intensity or presence or absence.(4) Gas leak detectorThe gas is mainly composed of hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, and ethylene, and the natural gas is mainly composed of methane, ethane, propane, and other components. It can be seen that in both gases, methane is an important component of them. By detecting the methane content, it can be determined whether gas or natural gas leaks occur. The methane sensor converts the information related to the methane concentration into analog signals. These analog signals can be converted into digital signals by the A/D chip and sent to the microcontroller. The microcontroller can obtain the indoor methane content according to the size of the digital data. Calculate the concentration of gas and natural gas so that detection and alarm can be achieved.(5) Formaldehyde detectorFormaldehyde is generally considered to be the number one killer of the indoorenvironment. Its release period is generally 3-15 years, and its harm is very serious for the human body, especially infants, pregnant women, the elderly and chronic patients. Formaldehyde mainly exists on the floor, decoration plates, furniture, carpets, paints, and glue. People can easily overlook its existence, but it can cause serious damage to people's health. The formaldehyde sensor uses the electrochemical formaldehyde gas sensor HCHO produced by Dart Sensor. This sensor is developed based on a breath alcohol sensor and is suitable for monitoring in most environments (-20°C~+50°C) (for special applications, it can be used at higher temperatures). This sensor is simple in design, with few components and its cost is reduced. It does not require power supply excitation. It only requires power during signal processing and display, so it is only a simple small battery cell.communication deviceThis system mainly adopts wireless communication methods, which avoids complicated laying of lines and is both beautiful and convenient. The main control unit and each subunit communicate with the wireless module 24L01. The effective range is 60 meters, which fully meets the needs of home use. The communication between the main control unit and the user adopts the GSM (mobile phone network) method. The alarm system can send the information in the home to the user as a short message. The user can also control the running of the home system by sending an SMS.Home Security Alarm System Functions and Working PrinciplesThe main control unit of the system can be placed in the living room, and the detection unit can be installed in different rooms of the house. For example, the fire detection unit is installed in the kitchen, the leak detection unit may be installed in the toilet, the anti-theft alarm detection unit is installed above the door and window, the gas leak detection unit is installed in the kitchen, and the formaldehyde content detection unit is placed in the living room or the bedroom. The detection unit placed in different locations sends information to the main control unit in real time through the wireless device. Once a fire, leaking water pipe, burglary, or gas leak occurs, the main control unit will immediately receive an alarm signal. Then the main control unitThe unit will judge and process the alarm signal, get the alarm type, make an audible and visual alarm, and notify the user through the GSM network. The home security alarm system has six main functions: Mobile phone network intelligent alarm. When an unexpected situation in the home is detected, an alarm is sent through a text message. It can monitor the concentration of gas or natural gas in the home, discover gas leaks, and promptly report an alarm. Anti-theft function, when a thief enters, immediately makes an alarm, and promptly informs the police and the household head; Intelligent fire alarm, immediately when the fire occurs in the home, to alarm, to reduce the loss of property; Intelligent waterproof detection function, found a leak in the home, timely closure of the main valve, And notify the owner by SMS to avoid the loss; The system can be controlled by the remote controller, which is easy to use and easy to operate.3 Hardware Design of Home Security Alarm System3.1 Design of the main control unitThe main controller consists of power supply, GSM communication module, wireless communication module, display device, button, and remote controller. The structure is shown in the figure.Figure 3 main control unit system diagram Power section uses the AC220/DC5V power supply module, after the power supply voltage transformer voltage regulator, and finally get a stable 5V voltage to the microcontroller and other electrical equipment. The display device uses 12864 liquid crystal, 12864 is the abbreviation of dot matrix number of 128*64 dot matrix LCD module, 12864 LCD with Chinese font library can display 4 rows and 8 columns of 32 characters with 16 16 dot matrix, each The display RAM can display 1 Chinese character or 2 16×8 lattice full height ASCII code characters, that is, each display can display up to 32 Chinese characters or 64 ASCII characters. The display of indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, light intensity, and system working status is realized through the liquid crystal, so that people can understand the working status of the system in real time. The basic circuit for displaying the liquid crystal is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 LCD connection circuit diagram The GSM mobile network communication module is selected from theSiemens TC35 module, which is a dual-band 900/1800MHz highly integrated GSM module, it is easy to integrate, cost-effective, good product quality and performance The system guarantees that the system communicates with the user's mobile phone via SMS, which is convenient and quick. The GSM module can transmit voice and data signals and connect the SIM card reader and antenna respectively through the interface connector and antenna connector. The automatic baud rate is 1.2kb/s~115kb/s. It supports Short Message Service (SMS) in Text and PDU formats, and can send text messages and make phone calls. The module expansion circuit is shown in Figure 5, and the features are described below. Information transmission content: V oice and data power: Single power supply 3.3V ~ 5.5V Frequency band: Dual-band GSM900MHz and DCS1800MHz (Phase 2+) Transmitting power: 2W (GSM900MHz Class 4) 1W (DCS1800MHz Class 1) 8SIM Card Connection: External Antenna: External antenna connected by antenna connector Talk mode: 300mA (Typ.) Figure 5 TC35 peripheral expansion circuit diagram The wireless communication device uses the 24L01 wireless module, and the maximum operating speed is 2Mbps. It is highly efficient GFSK modulation and has strong anti-interference ability. Up to 126 available channels to meet the needs of multi-point communication and frequency hopping communication, built-in hardware CRC error detection and point-to-multipoint communication address control; Low power consumption 1. 9 - 3. 6V operation, 22uA in standby mode Under power-down mode is 900nA; Built-in 2. 4Ghz antenna, small and exquisite; The module can be set by software address, can be directly used by various microcontrollers, software programming is very convenient. When connecting with P0 port of 51 series single-chip microcomputer, it needs to add 10K pull-up resistor and it is not necessary to connect with other ports. For other series of microcontrollers, if it is 5V, please refer to the output current of the IO of this series of microcontrollers. If it exceeds 10mA, series resistor divider is required. If it is 3. 3V, it can be directly connected to the IO line of the RF2401 module. For example, if A VR series microcontrollers are 5V, they are generally connected in series with 2K resistors. The keypad is used to set the basic parameters of the main control unit. It can also set the parameters through theSAA3010T remote control. The remote control receiver uses HS0038. The connection circuit with the microcontroller is shown in Figure 6. Figure 6 Infrared remote control receiver circuit we use the receiver head, its drive circuit is simple, easy to control the microcontroller. Its operation method is the same as that of an ordinary TV remote controller, and the operation is simple and easy to use.3.2 Design of fire detection unitThe fire alarm unit is composed of a smoke sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor. The increase of the temperature and humidity sensor can enhance the reliability of the alarm and reduce the occurrence of false alarms. The composition of the fire alarm unit is shown in Figure 8. Fig. 8 System diagram of fire detection unit The smoke sensor converts the collected smoke concentration into an analog signal. After the A/D chip, the analog signal is converted into a digital signal and sent to the microcontroller. Temperature and humidity sensor The DH11 can send temperature and humidity in digital form to the microcontroller, so the signal does not have to be processed. The MCU sends the received information to the master control unit through the wireless communication module 24L01. The type of smoke sensor used in the system is MQ-2. The gas sensitive material used by MQ-2 is tin dioxide (SnO2) with low conductivity in clean air, and its sensitivity to smoke is very high.3.3 Design of leak detection unitThe unit's design mainly utilizes the conductive properties of water. There are two detection probes connected to the microcontroller, which are connected to the I/O pin and the GND pin of the microcontroller. When in use, put the two probes above the bathroom floor. When there is water leakage, the toilet will produce water. The two probes of the detector are connected to the stagnant water. The preset high-level I/O pins are set low. , Generate an alarm signal, the microcontroller then sends the alarm signal to the main control unit through the wireless communication module, thus completing the entire alarm process. The specific structure of the alarm unit is shown in Figure 11.3.4 Design of Gas Leak Detection UnitThe gas leak detection unit is mainly composed of a methane content displayliquid crystal, a methane sensor, a wireless communication module, and a buzzer alarm. The structure is shown in FIG. Figure 12 shows the gas leakage detection unit system. Among them, the liquid crystal display is a 5110 liquid crystal display. Its features are: Cost-effective, LCD1602 can display 32 characters, and Nokia5110 can display 15 Chinese characters, 30 characters, Nokia5110 bare screen only 8. 8 yuan, LCD1602 generally about 15 yuan, LCD12864 generally 50 to 70 yuan; interface is simple, only four I / O lines can drive, LCD1602 need 11 I / O lines, LCD12864 need 12 root. The speed is 20 times that of the LCD12864 and 40 times that of the LCD1602. The model selected for the methane sensor is GJ4. Its output is analog and needs to be sent to the microcontroller via A/D conversion. Its use is similar to the smoke sensor.3.5 Design of formaldehyde monitoring unitFormaldehyde detection unit is mainly composed of formaldehyde sensor, operational amplifier, wireless communication module and sound and light alarm. The formaldehyde sensor converts the formaldehyde concentration into electrical signals. The signal is processed by the operational amplifier and then input to the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer judges the signal and sends the formaldehyde content signal to the main control unit through the wireless communication module. The sensor contains a conventional two-electrode fuel cell sensor. The working electrode discharges electrons to the counter electrode through an external circuit and is consumed at the counting electrode end with the reduction of oxygen. The internal circuit is realized by the ion current in the electrolyte. Well-designed to facilitate the growth of electrolyte. The rise and fall of the electrolyte varies with the changes in ambient temperature and humidity, but the normal operation will not affect the calibration value. The specific circuit shown in Figure.3.6 Design of anti-theft alarm unitThe anti-theft alarm unit is a double detector consisting of a pyroelectric sensor and an infrared sensor. Compared with conventional pyroelectric or infrared single sensor systems, Shuangjian detectors have significantly reduced their false alarm rates.When the Shuangjian detector works, the two signals of the pyroelectric sensor and the infrared sensor are processed by the NAND gate and sent to the SCM. When only two sensors respond at the same time, the detector sends an alarm signal to the microcontroller, otherwise no alarm signal is generated. In addition, when designing, Fresnel lens is added to the pyroelectric sensor, and the principle diagram of false alarms that can reduce the external interference signal by changing the lens division method is shown in Fig.16. Fig. 16 System diagram of the anti-theft alarm unit When the double-detection detector works, the pyroelectric sensor and the infrared sensor signal are sent to the single-chip microcomputer after being processed by a NAND gate. When only two sensors respond at the same time, the detector sends an alarm signal to the microcontroller, otherwise no alarm signal is generated. In addition, Fresnel lens is added to the pyroelectric sensor during design. By changing the lens segmentation mode, false alarms due to external interference signals can be reduced. 3.7 Design of Communication SectionThe communication part of this system is mainly composed of GSM mobile network communication module and 24L01 wireless communication module. The GSM module communicates with the user's mobile phone through the mobile phone network of the mobile phone, and the user can understand the security situation at home at any time. Each detection unit communicates with the main control unit through the wireless communication module and feeds back the detected information to the main control unit in time. System Communication Structure Diagram The GSM mobile network communication module uses the TC35 module. Its main features are wide coverage, low cost, reliable quality, and high security. It inherits the standard A T instruction set and RS232 interface standard internally, which makes it easie r for the microcontroller system to control it. It reduces the design of external circuits and simplifies the programming of the program. The hardware circuit is not complicated, but there are many modules used, which increases the complexity of programming and the difficulty of debugging. Therefore, it is necessary to debug each module individually after being debugged by the single chip microcomputer. Communication module application circuit diagram SIM CARD is a mobile communication networkuser identification module. SIM CARD contains the user's user information and is an indispensable tool for communication with mobile phones. There are 6 pins corresponding to each other on the SIM card and the card holder. This is the interface between SIM CARD and TC35. The wireless communication part adopts 24L01 wireless communication module, which has built-in 2. 4Ghz antenna, small size, software address, software programming is very convenient, built-in special voltage regulator circuit, using a variety of power supply including DC/DC switching power supply are very good The communication effect, when connected to the P0 port of the 51 series single-chip microcomputer, requires a pull-up resistor of 10K, and it is not necessary to connect to other ports. The user can set the alarm phone number, alarm mode, work mode, etc. through the keypad. Through the liquid crystal display, you can clearly understand the operating conditions of the system and the environmental parameters in your home, such as temperature, humidity, gas concentration, formaldehyde concentration, leaks, and communication conditions.中文译文基于单片机的居家安全报警系统的设计摘要本设计是对基于单片机的居家安全报警领域进行研究，设计出以STC89C52 单片机为核心的高性价比，易于安装的居家安全报警系统。
基于单片机的防盗报警系统设计毕业设计(论文)
辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计（论文）毕业设计(论文)（本科生）基于单片机的防盗报警系统的设计毕业设计（论文）原创性声明和使用授权说明原创性声明本人郑重承诺：所呈交的毕业设计（论文），是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。
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汽车防盗报警器外文文献翻译中英文
外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)译文字数：3297字文献出处：SF Marseken. Automobile burglar alarm[J] Betascript Publishing, 2016,vol.1,no.3:10-21英文原文Automobile burglar alarmSF MarsekenThe automobile is the present humanity's main transportation vehicle, is also the modern civilization symbol. The world the automobile sales volume reaches more than 6000 ten thousand every year, the inventory has surpassed 400,000,000. Is using the vehicles are more, but the following traffic accident and the automobile which robbed are been also getting more and more, has created the personnel casualty and the economical property loss. The people set a higher request to motor vehicle's operational performance and the security performance. The auto safety becomes an important social question. In order to reduce motor vehicle accident's formation rate, for has automobile's user to provide the security sense, develops one kind simply reliable, the ease of operation, can automatic detection automobile various part of conditions, discover that the normal condition can send out the warning reminder and thesecurity warning safety system to the pilot, has the actual design significance.The car alarm is a device that is installed in the car to increase the difficulty of car theft and prolong the period of car theft. With the advancement of science and technology, in order to deal with the escalating methods of car theft, people have developed anti-theft devices of various methods and structures from generation to generation. Currently, anti-theft devices can be divided into three categories according to their structure: mechanical, electronic and Network type. Hook locks, steering wheel locks and shift locks are basically mechanical anti-theft devices. They mainly rely on locking clutches, brakes, throttles, or steering wheels and shift gears to achieve the purpose of anti-theft. However, only anti-theft alarms are not provided.Insert-type, button-type and remote control are all electronic anti-theft devices. It mainly aims to prevent theft by locking the ignition or starting. It also has anti-theft and sound alarm functions.GPS satellite positioning car alarm system is a network-based anti-theft device, it is mainly to lock the ignition or start to achieve the purpose of theft, but also through the GPS satellite positioning system (or other network system), the alarm information and alarm vehicle location Silently transmitted to the alarm center.Characteristics of remote-controlled car alarms Remote-controlledcar alarms are developed with the advancement of electronic technology and are the most widely popularized in the market. It is characterized by remote control of the entire function of the alarm, reliable and convenient, with vibration detection, gate protection and microwave or infrared probes and other functions. As the demand for anti-theft devices in the market continues to increase, remote control car alarms have also added many convenient functions, such as remote control central locks, remote air heaters, remote control electric doors and windows, and remote control of open luggage compartments.The value of automobiles is very high. As the number of automobiles continues to increase, automobiles have become the target of thefts by theft victims. Theft of automobiles has also become a major concern in today's society and is an urgent problem to be solved. At present, a variety of car anti-theft methods and products are constantly being updated. Although anti-theft mechanical locks have been installed on the doors and vehicle engines, the robbers can use the master key to open the doors without driving the car. Therefore, the car theft prevention problem is still not completely resolved. Today's car theft in society has the following ways:First, mechanical security, the main principle is to use a lock to lock a part of the car, so that it can not play its due role. There are several kinds of theft prevention methods as follows: transmission gear locks,steering wheel locks, brake pedal locks, and clutch pedal locks. The corresponding trouble is that mechanical locks are large in size, and the owner must carry a key with him at the same time. And there are many ways to crack it. Since the core is a lock in the end, it is hard to stop at the door. It is even more difficult to avoid large-scale car thefts such as hydraulic shears; losing the keys if they are not careful, etc. is also one of the possibilities for car theft.The second is electronic security. This is the most commonly used anti-theft measure in the current automotive market. When the anti-theft system is activated, the ignition coil and the fuel supply circuit can be cut off. Only when the unlocking key is under control can the alarm be released. There are a wide variety of such anti-theft products. Most domestic and foreign cars have been equipped with a key chip anti-piracy system when they leave the factory. This is to use the chip's transmitting radio in the key to connect with the ECU of the car and start the car engine. In addition to the sound and light alarm system, a light emitting diode (LED) is installed on the dashboard of the car to allow the owner to know the working status of the system, and it can also exert mental pressure on the car thieves in the car. When the car vibrates due to an external force or the door, back cover, and front cover are forcibly opened, the system will sound an alarm to deter car thief. There is also a two-way alarm system, which is more than the general light and sound alarmsystem can notify the owner of the function, when the car is affected by the outside world, people in the vicinity of the owner can be through the car with a LCD key to know the car Current state.The third is a network type anti-theft system, which mainly relies on social public networks to monitor the movement of vehicles. There are two kinds. One is the GPS satellite positioning anti-theft system. This system uses GPS satellite positioning to determine the vehicle position, and then transmits the position and alarm information to the alarm center through the GSM network. The alarm center controls the power off and fuel off of the car through the GSM network. The disadvantage of this kind of system is that the price is relatively high; moreover, it needs to pay for the service frequently; the power of the system is also relatively large; privacy will be affected; if the vehicle is left unused for a long time, the level of electricity will be lost. And cars parked underground, under big trees, building rafts, and indoor systems would not work. 2 is GSM, GPRS mobile anti-theft device, GSM mobile anti-theft device relies on GSM communication network, intelligent anti-theft linkage of mobile phones and cars, it has anti-theft, monitoring, remote control, remote alarm, positioning and anti-robbery and other functions. A very effective means of safeguarding public security and protecting the interests of car owners. Compared with similar products, the system also has multiple features such as concealed installation, advanced technology and reliableperformance. It has the advantage of not having to build base stations and the alarm is not limited by distance. The disadvantage is that it requires monthly fees for GSM numbers because it depends on the coverage of the GSN network. The thieves' method is also to use the jammer of the mobile phone signal, cut off the connection between the vehicle and the alarm center, and make the anti-theft system invalid.The fourth is the biometric anti-theft system, which uses the human body feature as the only unlocking key to lock the car engine into theft protection mode. Specific products include the owner's fingerprint activation controller and vein scan controller. It takes advantage of the sufficient information carried by human fingerprints and the feature that each person's fingerprint coincidence rate is almost zero. The owner's fingerprint information is stored in the memory of the system in advance, and the car can be started after verifying the identity through the fingerprint comparison, even if the car theft. Thieves who steal all the car keys will be helpless. However, its disadvantage is that it takes more than 2 seconds for the fingerprint to be compared before starting the car. If the thief cannot get your fingerprints, he will not be able to steal your car. However, in fact, the thieves steal the keys of the owner may not be able to crack all the anti-theft measures. When the biometric anti-theft, only the fingerprint car alarm can protect your car in the true sense.At present, GPS satellite positioning systems on the market arealready the most advanced anti-theft devices at home and abroad. The GPS system has vehicle positioning, anti-robbery alarm, network security, remote control to make it turn off, vehicle interior monitoring, rescue after anchoring, traffic information inquiry, electronic Dog navigation has been a lot of features such as vehicle information query. The GPS satellite positioning system is a network-based anti-theft device. It mainly relies on locking the ignition and starting to achieve the purpose of theft prevention. At the same time, the GPS satellite positioning system can transmit the alarm information to the alarm center along with the location of the alarm vehicle. However, experts also reminded that the name of this anti-theft technology sounds very loud, although there is a certain anti-theft effect, but it is not very practical to use, and the price is expensive, the actual effect is not great, satellite tracking anti-theft is mainly a return on automotive equipment The location of the vehicle is displayed via a satellite screen. Therefore, according to the installation of a tracking system in a stolen vehicle, the transmission system is destroyed, that is, the power supply is cut off, making it impossible for the satellite to track the position of the vehicle and lose the anti-theft effect. Such a system is very expensive. It costs 6000-7000 yuan to install a GPS without a display screen. It also pays a service fee of nearly a thousand yuan each year to a GPS system service company. Expensive purchase fees and usage fees make many owners discouraged. Economic efficiencyis not optimistic. Electrical alarm came into being. The electronic alarm system is based on the original central door lock, and an anti-piracy system control circuit has been added to control the movement of the car. At the same time, the electronic alarm is also an ideal alarm device. If there is a theft intention of theft, the anti-theft system will not only cut off the start circuit, ignition circuit, oil circuit, fuel circuit and transmission circuit, brake lock function, but also send a different sound and light distress signal to alarm , to mentally attack car theft to stop the car theft process.Since the world's first T-type Ford sedan was stolen, car-trafficking has become one of the most common crimes in big cities. The number of cars has increased, and the number of stolen vehicles has also increased year by year. As a result, social unrest has become larger and larger. They are worried that their cars are stolen. With the popularity of convertible cars, the lock on the car door is no longer the most solid. The concept of car door locks has gradually faded, and as a result, the car anti-theft system has emerged. The types of electronic anti-theft systems currently on the market are very large, and can be purchased for 300-400 yuan. Most of the new cars on the market today are equipped with original factory-built anti-theft devices. Some vehicles have anti-theft chips on their keys. They can randomly change their unlocking codes so that thieves cannot unlock them through high-tech methods, and such keys arelost. Only with the registration of vehicle users to the original manufacturer and a set of car keys. According to the latest automotive technical data, some vehicles have begun to replace the key with an invisible IC card. If the vehicle owner is within 3-5 meters of the vehicle, the car alarm will be automatically released. When the owner sits in the car, the ignition switch is pressed. The vehicle will start. The owner will automatically lock the door 5 meters away from the car. The anti-theft system will not be foolproof. Many cars nowadays have installed a computer anti-theft system for vehicles before they enter the market. When the data of the key chip and the data saved on the on-board computer are in agreement, the computer starts to work on the relevant system and allows the engine to start. Cars with on-board computer systems no longer need to install electronic anti-theft devices. If it is repeatedly installed, it may easily conflict with the originally installed computer anti-theft system; if it is necessary to install an electronic anti-theft device again, it is necessary to pay attention to separation from the ignition system, or it will make the engine unable to start and a series of other failures. If there is a failure, the owner cannot dismantle it himself. Use a professional device to clear the fault code and contact failure in a professional service shop.中文译文汽车防盗报警器SF Marseken目前汽车是人类最为主要的交通工具, 也是现代文明的标志。