高考英语阅读理解专项训练--说理议论类(附答案)
(英语)高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析
（英语）高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读下列短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A new technology is going to ripe, one that could transform our daily lives, help to form new industries, even remove world economic powers from their present positions. Unlike the wave of industrialization that began in the West and spread later to the rest of the world, the new developments are taking place in research labs all over the globe—and Asians are in the forefront. Physicists are creating a new class of materials that display an amazing property unforeseen even two years ago—superconductivity (超导体技术).Used today only in specialized equipment, super conductors have the potential to radically change most of the electrical and electronic appliances found in the home, making them smaller, more powerful and efficient. They could free our cities of pollution by replacing petrol and diesel (柴油) vehicles with electric cars, and cut the cost of electricity. The new materials do something that even the best of conductors such as copper and silver cannot—they do away with all electrical resistance. The significances for energy storage are great.The technology is in its early stage, still accessible to countries that decide to invest brains and money. For 75 years it had remained little more than a scientific curiosity with limited practical use because the phenomenon occurred only at extremely low temperatures. It was first observed in 1911 by a Dutch scientist named Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, who cooled mercury (水银) to temperatures below -269℃ with liquid helium (氦). Then in January last year, two IBM scientists, K. Alex Muller and J. George Bednorz, found a metal oxide ceramic (氧化陶瓷) that superconducted at -243℃. Their report went largely unnoticed until last December, when it was confirmed at a scientific meeting in Boston. Today Japan, India, China and other Asian countries all have their share of experts who spend their days and nights in labs, acting as midwives (助产士) to a new technology.（1）As is indicated in the passage, the technology of superconductivity ____________. A. has already been developed B. is still under developmentC. will be used only in specialized equipmentD. will be used in daily lives in a few years（2）The new technology differs from the others in that ____________.A. it began in the East and spread later to the rest of the worldB. it began in the West and spread later to the rest of the worldC. it is being cultivated in research labs around the worldD. it is accessible to physicists who are intelligent and rich（3）From the passage, we may conclude that ____________.A. Asian scientists gain the lead in the growth of the new technologyB. Dutch scientists kept reporting new findings for the last 75 yearsC. IBM scientists' report receive immediate attention all over the worldD. the West was astonished at the new technology developed by the Asians（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. The Prospect of a New TechnologyB. Superconductivity: A New TechnologyC. A New Technology: The Key to Change the Way of Our LivesD. A New Technology: A Joint Effort of Many Countries【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了超导体技术的发展潜能和发展状况。
高三英语论文观点论证分析练习题40题含答案解析
高三英语论文观点论证分析练习题40题含答案解析1. The increase in air pollution is mainly due to _____.A. more cars on the roadB. less trees in the cityC. fewer factories producing wasteD. more people using public transportation答案解析：A。
选项A，路上汽车增多会排放更多尾气导致空气污染加剧，符合题意。
选项B，城市中树少不是空气污染增加的主要原因。
选项C，更少的工厂产生废物会减少污染而不是增加污染。
选项D，更多人使用公共交通会减少污染而不是增加污染。
本题考查因果论证，根据常识可知汽车尾气是空气污染的主要原因之一。
2. The development of technology has led to _____.A. less communication between peopleB. more face-to-face conversationsC. increased isolation of individualsD. better understanding among people答案解析：C。
选项A，科技发展不一定会导致人们交流减少。
选项B，科技发展不一定会带来更多面对面交谈。
选项C，科技发展使得人们更多地依赖电子设备，可能会增加个人的孤立感。
选项D，科技发展不一定会让人们之间更好地理解。
本题考查因果论证，科技发展可能带来一些负面效应，如个人孤立。
3. The popularity of online shopping is because of _____.A. higher prices of productsB. inconvenience of going to storesC. less variety of goodsD. longer delivery time答案解析：B。
高三英语论文观点论证分析练习题40题(答案解析)
高三英语论文观点论证分析练习题40题(答案解析)1.The use of electric vehicles is beneficial for the environment.A.Electric vehicles reduce carbon emissions, which helps protect the environment.B.Electric vehicles are expensive to purchase, so they are not beneficial.C.The production of electric vehicles also causes pollution, so they are not beneficial.D.Electric vehicles have limited range, so they are not beneficial.答案解析：A 选项正确。
A 选项指出electric vehicles reduce carbon emissions（ 电动汽车减少碳排放），这确实有助于保护环境，符合题目观点。
B 选项说电动汽车购买昂贵，这与对环境是否有益无关。
C 选项虽然提到电动汽车生产也会造成污染，但题目强调的是使用电动汽车对环境的影响，而不是生产环节。
D 选项说电动汽车续航有限，也与对环境是否有益没有直接关系。
2.Social media has a great impact on people's lives.A.Social media helps people stay connected with friends and family.B.Social media causes people to waste a lot of time.C.Social media spreads misinformation.D.Social media makes people more isolated.答案解析：A 选项正确。
高中英语阅读题及答案——议论文专练(含答案)
高考英语阅读专练——议论文专练（含答案）1We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new，but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers，basic mobile phones，and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players，smart phones，and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices，however，we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room，and suddenly one day，you have a TV in every room of the house，" said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team，old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007，but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function，such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.2The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from coming into reality in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their cars in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology may change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is managed.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars, policymakers should be talking more about how self-driving cars can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient and affordable choices to move around. The arrival of driverless cars is a chance to make sure that those cars are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy or even worsen the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own their self-driving cars. They accept long, slow journeys to and from work on crowded highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride. They take their driverless car to a date and set the empty car to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(网约车)services. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless cars doesn't worsen the transportation system we have today. The coming technological development presents a chance for cities andstates to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Self-driving cars are not allowed in the real world.B. Driverless taxies will be seen everywhere on the road in a short term.C. California is not alone in testing driverless cars.D. Self-driving technology will definitely benefit transportation system.2.According to the author, policymakers should pay more attention to __________.A. how driverless cars can help deal with transportation-related problemsB. how driverless cars can travel safelyC. how driverless cars can travel fasterD. how driverless cars can move more people3.What is a possible side effect of self-driving cars?A. Journeys to and from work become longer.B. More and more people abandon public transportation.C. There is no place to park them.D. They may result in traffic jams.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Preparing Cities for Robot CarsB. Future Technology UnderwayC. Transportation System in the FutureD. Robot Cars on the Road3I log onto a computer at the doctor's office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room.There, a robotic nurse directs me onto a device and then takes my blood pressure. Some time later, in steps the doctor, who is also a robot. He notes down my symptoms and gives me a prescription (处方). I pay for my visit using a credit card machine and return home without having met another human being.When I call my dentist's office and actually get a human being on the line, I am thrilled. And when I see the introduction of yet more self-service checkout stations at the grocery store, I feel like shouting, "When it comes to cashiers, make mine human, please!"After all, human cashiers sometimes give you a store coupon (优惠券) for items you are buying. Even more than that, real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children, which can brighten a young mother'sday. A cashier may also show compassion (同情)for an elderly person struggling to get that last penny out of her purse.What technological device would do any of this? I don't want to go back to the Stone Age, but I'm also worried about a world run by machines. Sometimes when you're chatting with someone, you discover things you need to know. Maybe a receptionist needs prayers said for a sick child. Maybe a salesperson can offer a bit of encouragement to a customer who is feeling tired.Machines can be efficient and cost-effective and they often get the job done just fine. But they lack an element so important to everyday life.Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart. It is something no machine will ever have. It is being human that prompts us to smile at others, which may be what they need at that moment.1.What's the author's purpose in writing the first two paragraphs?A．To indicate high technology can make our future life very easyB．To describe a possible future scene where robots take control of our lifeC．To warn readers of the possible dangers of robotic nurses and doctorsD．To predict how technology can affect the way we see a doctoring the future2.Why does the author prefer being served by humans rather than by robots?A．Robots are indifferent and emotionlessB．Robots can't provide efficient servicesC．Robots don't offer to give store couponsD．Robots are unable to do a job as well as humans3.What's the author's attitude towards machines?A．He wishes one day they would come to lifeB．He is absolutely against their existence in his lifeC．He doesn't like they get involved in his life too muchD．He is afraid they would take the place of human beings4After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park．Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park．By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves．Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development．By the 1920s, wolves had practicallydisappeared from the Yellowstone area．They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around．The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations —major food sources (来源) for the wolf – grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers．As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park．They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems．Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets．The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U．S．Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone．Today，the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone．Elk，deer，and coyote populations are down，while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback．The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well．28．What is the text mainly about?A．Wildlife research in the United States．B．Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area．C．The conflict between farmers and gray wolves．D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park．29．What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?A．Tested．B．Separated．C．Forced out．D．Tracked down．30．What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？A．Damage to local ecology. B．A decline in the park’s income．C．Preservation of vegetation. D．An increase in the variety of animals．31．What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Disapproving. D．Uncaring．5More students than ever before are taking a gap-year (间隔年)before going to university. It used to be called the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by University and College Admissions Service (UCAS).That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student had ship – young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and More students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term-time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods,” he said.29.What do we learn about the gap year from the text?A. It is flexible in length.B. It is a time for relaxation.C. It is increasingly popular.D. It is required by universities.30.According to Tony Higgins, students taking a gap year______.A. are better prepared for college studiesB. know a lot more about their future jobsC. are more likely to leave university in debtD. have a better chance to enter top universities31.How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?A. He’s puzzled.B. He’s worried.C. He’s surprised.D. He’s annoyed.32.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?A. Attend additional courses.B. Make plans for the new term.C. Earn money for their education.D. Prepare for their graduate studies.6A typical lion tamer(驯兽师) in people's mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭) and a chair．The whip gets all of the attention，but it's mostly for show．In reality，it's the chair that does the important work．When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face，the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the sametime．With its focus divided，the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next．When faced with so many options，the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair．How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e．g．lose weight，start a business，travel more) — only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best，the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information．The end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things，and so we take less action，make less progress，and stay the same when we could be improving．It doesn't have to be that way．Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face，remember this：All you need to do is focus on one thing．You just need to get started．Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people．If you have somewhere you want to go，something you want to accomplish，someone you want to become．．．take immediate action．If you're clear about where you want to go，the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way．28．Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A．To show off his skills．B．To trick the lion．C．To get ready for a fight．D．To entertain the audience．29．In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A．They feel puzzled over choices．B．They hold on to the wrong things．C．They find it hard to make changed．D．They have to do something for show．30．What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A．Tolerant．B．Doubtful．C．Respectful．D．Supportive．31．When the world is “waving a chair in your face”, you’re advised to _______．A．wait for a better chance B．break your old habitsC．make a quick decision D．ask for clear guidance参考答案1.CBDC2. CABA3. BAC4.DCAB5.CABC6. AABC。
2014-2020年高考英语真题分类训练 专题15 阅读理解之社会生活、说理议论类(教师版含解析)
History makes us more empathetic(具有共情能力的), Studying history can give us insight(洞察力)into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance(无知). We're scared of the things that we don't understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
2020年高考英语题组
1.(2020年，天津卷，第一次高考)
Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If you're studying history, asking yourself the question "why is history important "is a very good first step. History is an essential part of human civilization. You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history.
高三英语阅读理解专题三议论文带答案
高三英语阅读理解专题三------议论文1 文体特点：写法一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方），我认为……写法二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题写法三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。
这是高考中常考的体裁，内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。
在这类体裁的文章中把握好论点、论据和论证很重要。
此类体裁的文章中有关主旨大意和推理判断的题目会较多，这也是得分比较难的题型。
在阅读这类文章的时候，我们要认真把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，从而更好地依据文章的事实做出合理的推断。
解题方法：1.把握文章的论点、论据和论证。
此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。
2. 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点；或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。
考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。
3. 推理法：推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。
推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。
考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。
主旨大意题解题方法：一、题型解读和思维导向：主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。
通常以概括文章或段落大意以和选择标题等形式出现。
主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题，能够拉开考生的分数差距，所以此类题目在高考试题中具有很好的选拔作用，属于能力型题目。
主旨大意题一般分为三类，即标题归纳类、文章大意类和段落大意类。
二、命题区间和读文关注点1．文首、段首、段尾句：一般来说，阅读文章中第一段首句往往是强开弱收型文章中心思想的表达处；第二段首句或第一段尾句往往是转开弱收型文章的主题句所在；而有时每段的段首句、段尾句是该段的段落主题句。
因此，解答主旨大意题时要对这些地方多加关注。
2025届高考英语专项复习 阅读理解议论文 2020-2024高考真题专练(原卷版+解析版)
阅读理解议论文考点1 人与自我型议论文【2021新课标I卷】Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and othersinterested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligenceA. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a person's mind.C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2A. To explain a rule.B. To clarify a concept.C. To present a fact.D. To make a prediction.34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligenceA. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligenceA. Its appeal to the public.B. Expectations for future studies.C. Its practical application.D. Scientists with new perspectives.【答案】322-35 DBAB【导读】本文是一篇议论文。
2020年高考英语阅读理解议论文专题练习题(附答案)
2020年高考英语阅读理解议论文专题练习题（附答案）1.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
Editor: Today our topic is part-time job. Are they good for school children or not?Headmaster: Certainly not. Children have got two full-time jobs already: growing up and going to school.Part-time jobs make them so tired that they fall asleep in class.Mrs. White: I agree. I know school hours are short, but there's homework as well, and children need a lot of sleep.Mr. White: Young children, perhaps some boys, stay at school until they're eighteen or nineteen. A part-time job can't harm them. In fact, it's good for them. They earn their pocket money instead of asking their parents for it. And they see something of the world outside school.Businessman: You're quite right. Boys learn a lot from a part-time job. And we mustn't forget that some families need the extra money. If the pupils didn't take part-time jobs, they couldn't stay at school.Editor: Well, we have got two for, and two against. What do our readers think?（1）Who have the same opinion?A. Headmaster and Mrs. White.B. Editor and Mr. White .C. Mr. and Mrs. White.D. Businessman and Headmaster.（2）Mrs. White thinks the young children maybe ________.A. need to stay at school until they are eighteen or nineteenB. need to have some pocket moneyC. should see something of the world outside schoolD. need to have a lot of sleep（3）What does the editor think of part-time jobs?A. They can help students from poor families.B. They are good for school children.C. They cannot harm school children.D. We are not told.2.阅读理解Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,” says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers' bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.（1）What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?A. American kids' sleeping habits.B. Teenagers' sleep-related diseases.C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness.D. Learning problems and lack of sleep.（2）How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?A. 7 hours.B. 8 hours.C. 10 hours.D. 18 hours.（3）Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?A. They are affected by certain body chemicals.B. They tend to do things that excite them.C. They follow their parents' examples.D. They don't need to go to school early.3.阅读理解FaceApp has taken the world by storm, giving users the chance to see themselves age through its algorithm.12.7 million people—some three million more than the population of New York City—reportedly downloaded it in one seven-day period last month.Although the Russian app has become known for its privacy issues, the more interesting lesson of our FaceApp fling (尽情玩乐)is what it tells us about our society—and our future lives. It turns out we are more interested in aging than we realized. I'm surprised by this. Most younger people are in denial (否认)about old age, doing almost nothing to prepare for it. We rarely have a chance to plan for the future, with increasing time and financial pressures. Those pressures bring sacrifices that we may not always want to make: we can no longer afford to spend the time or the money needed to look after our elderly parents.As a family doctor, I can see the loneliness epidemic developing. Elderly patients come to see me with no particular illness, no clear medical issue. After a few minutes of the consultation, I understand why: they're not sick, and often they don't feel sick. They just need someone—anyone-to talk to.Although loneliness has no medical classification, the health effects are real: the result of loneliness and isolation can be as harmful to our health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day, and is more damaging than obesity. But loneliness does not come with nearly enough health warnings.So what next? Since 1980, we are living on average 10 years longer. At the same time, people are having fewer and fewer children, and they are having them much later in life. The snake of a world class health service is eating its own tail; its care is prolonging (延长) people's lives, but as the ratio of pensioners(退休人员)to working -age people increases, there are fewer taxpayers to fund that very health service.Into this void have stepped NGOs, charities and volunteers. But in the long term, the only way to truly help the oldest meters of our society is to go back to the traditional values of intergenerational(两代间的) cooperation—often under same roof. Ultimately, we will need to evolve towards a culture where elderly care is treated the same as childcare, where employers recognize the duty of someone with an elderly parent the same way they recognize those of someone with a newborn child.（1）The example of FaceApp is used to _____.A. prove the popularity of itB. explain the function of itC. show the progress of technologyD. introduce the topic of aging and loneliness（2）What makes elderly people without illness go to see their family doctors?A. Desire to have the consultation.B. Strong feeling of loneliness.C. Unclear medical issues.D. Questions to ask doctors.（3）How can the oldest members be truly helped?A. By being treated as children.B. By going back to the traditional society.C. By providing family care.D. By living with other elderly people under the same roof.（4）What can we learn from the passage?A. The loneliness of elderly people needs more attention.B. FaceApp's popularity proves it has no security problems.C. Health service lacks fund because of prolonged peopled lives.D. FaceApp is helpful in dealing with elderly peopled loneliness.4.阅读理解Robots make me nervous—especially the ones which seem to think for themselves. I was embarrassed to admit this till I heard that Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, felt the same way.Gates said in an interview with the social networking and news website Reddit: “I am in the camp that is concerned about super intelligence. First the machines will do a lot of jobs for us and not be super intelligent．That should be positive if we manage well. A few decades after that, though, the intelligence is strong enough to be a concern.”Well, maybe I don't have to worry about my computer and kitchen equipment yet. After I use them I can always pull the plug. But in the future, machines might find a way to prevent us from switching them off. There's a terrible thought!Maybe the problem with computers too clever for us is not that they are evil like some we've seen in sci-fi movies. What could put us in danger is that they might be too efficient. That's what philosopher Nick Bostrom from Oxford University believes. He says that machines are indifferent to humans and in pursuit of their own goals，the destruction of people might be just additional damage. Bostrom gives us an example: A machine which might have its only goal to produce as many paperclips as possible might look at human bodies as extra material for paperclips and go after you. Because it is, well, a machine, it would not take pity on you.It's a good thing that American writer Isaac Asimov thought about how far robots can go and left us his three rules of robotics. They state that a robot may not hurt a human being or allow the human being to come to harm.I'm glad my machines at home are “dumb”. All my cleaner wants to take over is the carpet in my living room. Let's hope they don't create an appliance which wants to take over the world!（1）The author quoted Bill Gates' words in Paragraph 2 in order to make the text________.A. better-knownB. more persuasiveC. better-organizedD. more interesting（2）An intelligent paperclip machine would harm us because _______.A. it is much cleverer than usB. it would take over the worldC. it has the strong feeling of destroying usD. it would see us just as material（3）How does the author feel about Isaac Asimov's rules of robotics?A. OptimisticB. WorriedC. DisappointedD. Regretful（4）What does the text mainly focus on?A. The benefits of future robots.B. The new applications of robots.C. The concern for super intelligence.D. The popularity of robots in the future.5.阅读理解Differences are important and they should be respected. For example, many important people throughout history were considered different, such as Thomas Edison, Albert Einstein and Abraham Lincoln. They did great things, but some people thought they were strange because they had strong feelings about something. I can understand these people because I've been in that situation before many times.It all started in elementary school when I realized that I wasn't like everyone else. My mom says that I have a tendency to be obsessed(着迷)with certain subjects. Unfortunately, these subjects don't interest other kids of my age and they really don't interest my teachers. In fact, my kindergarten teacher said she would scream if I mentioned snakes or lizards one more time while she was teaching the days of the week. I would get into trouble for not paying attention and the teasing began.In the third grade, my teacher informed me that I have Asperger's Syndrome（症状）. I said, “So what? Do you know that Godzilla's suit weighs 188 pounds?”Later, I asked my mom, “What's Asperger's Syndrome? Am I gonna die?” She said that it's like having blinders on, and that I can only see one thing at a time, and that it's hard to focus on other things.People also make fun of me for knowing facts about volcanoes, whales, tornadoes and many other scientific things. My mom says that she has been able to answer many questions on Jeopardy! just by listening to what I have to say, but I've even been laughed at for being smart.Maybe someday I'll become a gene engineer and create the real Godzilla. I can dream, Can't I?（1）Why does the author mention people like Albert Einstein?A. To examine differencesB. To show his admirationC. To make comparisonD. To support his idea（2）How did the kindergarten teacher feel about the author?A. AngryB. WorriedC. SorryD. Curious（3）What's Jeopardy! most probably?A. It's a program intended for young kids.B. It's a quiz show covering various topics.C. It's a novel telling about adventure stories.D. It's a magazine about scientific discoveries.6.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
高考英语阅读理解专项训练说理议论类(一)Feeling blue about the world? “Cheer up.” says science writer Matt Ridley. “The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he's carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. And this is what he's set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book, The Rational Optimist. He views mankind as a grand enterprise that, on the whole, has done little but progress for 100,000 years. He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.Here's how he explains his views.1 ) Shopping fuels inventionIt is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty, our own generation has access to more nutritious food, more convenient transport, bigger houses, better cars, and, of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us. This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things. The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we'll be.2) Brilliant advancesOne reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer??lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs—food, clothing, fuel and shelter—have grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hour's light cost six hours' work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes' work to pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today it's half second.3 ) Let's not kill ourselves for climate changeMitigating (减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil??fuel (化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by well??meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change. If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nose??bleed by putting a tourniquet (止血带) around our necks.1. What is the theme of Ridley's most recent book?A. Weakness of human nature.B. Concern about climate change.C. Importance of practical thinking.D. Optimism about human progress.2. How does Ridley look at shopping?A. It encourages the creation of things.B. It results in shortage of goods.C. It demands more fossil fuels.D. It causes a poverty problem.3. The candle and lamp example is used to show that ________.A. oil lamps give off more light than candlesB. shortening working time brings about a happier lifeC. advanced technology helps to produce better candlesD. increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods4. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?A. Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.B. Overreaction to climate change may be dangerous.C. People's health is closely related to climate change.D. Careless medical treatment may cause great pain.(二)In business, there's a speed difference: It's the difference between how important a firm's leaders say speed is to their competitive(竞争的) strategy(策略) and how fast the company actually moves.The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain_an_edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track.What's more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up” improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three??year period.How did they disobey the_laws_of_business_physics,_taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean.Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operational speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value)．Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference.But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower??quality products and services.In our study, higher??performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion.They encouraged new ways of thinking.And they allowed time to look back and learn.By contrast (相比而言), performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn't develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes.Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership.Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals.That kind of strategy must come from the top.1．What does th e underlined part “gain an edge” in Paragraph 2 mean?A．Increase the speed.B．Get an advantage.C．Reach the limit.D．Set a goal.2．The underlined part “the laws of business physics” in Paragraph 3 means ________.A．spending more time and performing worseB．spending more time and performing betterC．spending less time and performing worseD．spending less time and performing better3．What can we learn from the text?A．How fast a firm moves depends on how big it is.B．How competitive a firm is depends on what it produces.C．Firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes.D．Firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.4．Which could be the best title for the text?A．Improve quality? Serve better.B．Deliver value? Plough ahead.C．Reduce time? Move faster.D．Need speed? Slow down.(三)Skeptics are a strange lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The “eco??guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world” as fine.Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests.Indeed, Mr.Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry??funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg's book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a numberof articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”Such one??sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg's “preference for unexamined materials is incredible (不可信的)”．A critical (批判的) eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. People might become half??blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. That's a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.1．According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics” ?A．People who agree on the popularity of “eco??guilt”．B．People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.C．People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.D．People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.2．Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg's book?A．Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests.B．The book challenges views about the fine state of the world.C．The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.D．Industry??funded media present confusing information.3．The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to________.A．voice a different opinionB．find fault with Lomborg's bookC．challenge the authority of the mediaD．point out the value of scientific views4．What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?A．To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.B．To warn the public of the danger of half??blindness with reviews.C．To blame the media's lack of responsibility in presenting information.D．To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.(二)答案与解析1．D细节理解题。