翻译三级笔译实务2004年05月(含答案)
2004年11月CATTI三级笔译实务真题(附答案)
2004年11月英语三级笔译实务试题Section 1 English-Chinese T ranslation (英译汉) (60 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.A few weeks back, I asked a 14-year-old friend how she was coping with school.Referring to stress, she heaved a big sigh and said: "Aiyah, anything bad that can happen has already happened."Her friends nearby then started pouring out their woes about which subjects they found hard, and so on. Pessimism again, in these all-too-familiar remarks about Singapore's education system, widely regarded as too results-oriented, and! wonder why I even bothered to ask.The school system of reaching for A's underlies the country's culture, which emphasizesthe chase for economic excellence where wealth and status are must-haves.Such a culture is hard to change.So when I read of how the new Remaking Singapore Committee had set one of its goals as challenging the traditional roads to success, encouraging Singaporeans to realize alternative careers in the arts, sports, research or as entrepreneurs, I had my doubts about its success in this area, if not coupled with help from parents themselves.The new Remaking Singapore Committee is a brainchild of the Singaporean Prime Minister, formed to make Singaporeans look beyond the five C's: cash, condos, clubs, credit cards and cars, to help prepare the nation for the future.It is good that the government wants to do something about the country's preoccupation with material success. But it will be a losing battle if the family unit itself is not involved because I believe the committee's success is rooted in a revamp of an entire culture built from 37 years of independence.This makeover has to start with the most basic societal unit -- the family.Parents should not drown their children in mantras of I-want-hundred-marks. Tuition lessons are not the be-all and end-all of life. And a score of 70 for a Chinese paper is definitely not the end of life.If ever I become a parent, I will bring my children camping. I will show them that cooking food in a mess tin over a campfire is fun. I will teach them that there is nothing dirty about lying on a sleeping bag over grass.In fact, it is educational because Orion is up there in the night sky with all the other bright stars whose shapes and patterns tell something more than a myth. For instance, they give directions to the lost traveler, I will say.And who knows, my child may become an astronomer years down the road. All because of the nights I spent with him watching the twinkles in the sky.That's my point. Parents should teach their children that there's more to life than studies. Better still if the nation's leaders echo that idea as well.This way, when their children aspire to be the next Joscelin Yeo, they won't feel like they are fighting a losing battle against a society that holds doctors and lawyers in awe.However, the culture that babysits economic excellence is deeply ingrained and so are the mindsets of many parents. But parents can take the cue from the new Remaking SingaporeCommittee and be aware of giving their children the right kind of education.It is now wait-and-see if, say, 10 years down the road, more would choose alternative careers. Hopefully, by then no one would think sportsmen or musicians as making too big a sacrifice in chasing their dreams.Section 2 Chinese-English T ranslation (汉译英) (40 points)Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.近年来，中国政府倡导国内旅游，推行“假日经济”政策，给公民每年3次为期一周的长假，让他们将更多储蓄用于旅游、购物和外出就餐。
全国人事部英语翻译三级考试样题(笔译实务)
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.In Bykovsky, a village of 457 residents at the tip of a fin-shaped peninsula on Russia’s northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at a rate of 15 to 18 feet, or 5 to 6 meters, a year. Eventually, homes will be lost as more ice melts each summer, and maybe all of Bykovsky, too.“It is practically all ice —permafrost —and it is thawing.” The 4 million Russian people who live north of the Arctic Circle are feeling the effects of warming in many ways. A changing climate presents new opportunities, but it also threatens their environment, the stability of their homes, and, for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture.A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. Discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil or liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed for the eager markets of Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by air and water pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit coastal villages at a projected cost of US$100 million or more for each one.Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with cultural traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and笔译实务（英语·三级）试卷第 1 页（共3 页）wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding.In Finnmark, the northernmost province of Norway, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.A changing Arctic is felt there, too, though in another way. “The reindeer are becoming unhappy,” said Issat Eir a, a 31-year-old reindeer herder.Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and as a result Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.And yet no amount of government support can convince Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring are melting the top layers of snow, which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat.“The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns,” said Eira, sitting beside a birch fire inside his lavvu, a home made of reindeer hides. “They don’t mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it.”Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into English.中国为种类繁多的菜肴感到十分自豪。
2004-2014三笔真题汉译英答案
2004.5It isn’t often that one has the chance to congratulate a noted woman writer on her 80th birthday. So on October 5 last year，when I went to Bing Xin’s house，I felt very excited. I explained that I hoped she would tell me something about how she becam e a poet. “I haven’t written poetry for many years,” she said smiling. “But I still love to read good poetry.”Bing Xin was fortunate to have parents who encouraged her to study and write. When she was attending a women’s college in Beijing in 1919，an event occurred which changed the whole course of her life. That was the May 4th Movement，a patriotic democratic movement started by students in Beijing. The mass demonstrations made a deep impression on her. She threw herself into the struggle and was put in charge of publicity by the Student Union. She wrote poems，articles and stories，attacking imperialism and feudalism in its various forms.Going to the U.S. in 1923 to study literature，she wrote down her impressions on the way and during her stay there. These were published in the collection To Little Readers. The book brought her instant fame，not only because she was a woman writer，but also because of the noble sentiments in the book. Quite a few younger writers say it was Bing Xin’s writings that started t hem on the road they have since followed.2004.11In recent years, the Chinese government has encouraged domestic travel and implemented a policy of "holiday economics", giving its citizens three annual week-long vacations and the opportunity to spend more savings on travel, shopping and eating out. In 2004, total tourist spending during the May Day holidays was 39 billion yuan.Tourism now contributes 2.3 percent of the nation's gross domestic product (GDP), and revenues are expected to grow by 10 percent annually through to 2013, creating 40 million jobs.The indirect effects of tourism are even greater, accounting for an estimated US$184 billion of economic activity and contributing to some 54 million jobs. That activity includes significant investment in tourism projects, as well as government travel expenditures on meetings.China has spent heavily on building roads, railway stations and airports. New airlines and bus companies have emerged, and competition has cut the cost of travel. A one-way air ticket between Shanghai and Beijing costs 850-900 yuan, and cheaper prices are occasionally available. Some airlines have begun online ticketing services, making it even easier to take a holiday. More private cars and the emergence of car rental agencies have allowed millions of people to travel on their own, as well as in tour groups.2005.5Tibet, located on the "Roof of the World", is still an underdeveloped area in China because of its harsh natural conditions and various social and historical restrictions formed by centuries of backward feudal serfdom. However, the development of Tibet in the past 50 years has greatly changed its former poor and backward look, and the Tibetan people's living standards have greatly improved. Social and economic development has enriched the people's material and cultural life remarkably. In 2000, people of various ethnic groups in Tibet basically shook off poverty, and had enough to eat and wear. Some of them began to live a better-off life. Along with the improvement in the people's livelihood, consumer goods such as refrigerators, color TV sets, washing machines, motorcycles and wristwatches have entered more and more ordinary homes. Many well-off farmers and herdsmen have built new houses. Some have even bought automobiles. Currently, Tibet ranks first in per-capita housing in the country. Radio, television, telecommunications, the Internet and other modem information transmission means are now part of daily life in Tibet. News about various parts of the country and the world now reach most people in Tibet by radio and TV. Local people can obtain information from and make contacts with other parts of the country and the world through telephone, telegram, fax or the Internet. The Tibetan people's health has also improved substantially, because the situation featuring a lack of both doctors and medicine has changed fundamentally. Theaverage life expectancy of the Tibetan people has increased from 35.5 years in the 1950s to 67 years presently.2005.11Over the past 25 years, China has been firmly pressing ahead with the implementation of the reform program and the initiative of opening up to the outside world. With the establishment of a preliminary socialist market economy, and the nation’s economy attaining an outward-oriented perspective, the productive forces and the comprehensive national competence have been on the rising curve constantly. And various social undertakings have been developing in full swing. The living standard of the Chinese people as a whole has undergone a historical leap from a subsistence level to the level of moderate prosperity.In the 25 years between 1978 and 2003, the annual growth rate of China's economy was running at an average of 9.4 percent, with its GDP jumping from 147.3 billion US dollars to over 1.4 trillion US dollars.25 years ago, China’s foreign trade value and foreign exchange reserves each stood at 20.6 billion and 167 million in US dollars, but last year they shot up to 851.2 billion US dollars and 403.3 billion US dollars respectively. China has now become the sixth largest economy and the fourth largest trader in the world.The tremendous changes in China are attributed to the fact that we have adhered to the path of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and persevered in our reform and opening endeavors, which brought into full play the Chinese people's initiative, enthusiasm and creativeness.Though China has scored impressive achievements in its development, we must not lose sight of our problems: overpopulation, a weak economic foundation, underdeveloped productivity, highly uneven development, and the fairly sharp contradictions between the country's ecological environment andnatural resources on the one hand and its economic and social development on the other.China's per capita GDP, though reaching the record high of 1,000 US dollars last year, still ranks well behind the 100th place in the world. To realize China's modernization program and offer all the Chinese people a prosperous life there is yet an uphill battle to fight.We have already set our vision for the first 20 years of this century, which involves the building of a moderately prosperous society of a higher standard in an all-round way for the benefit of well over one billion Chinese people. By 2020 the GDP will be quadrupled from the figure of 2000 to 4 trillion US dollars, with the per capita level averaging at 3,000 US dollars. By then the nation will be immersed in an ambience of greater social harmony with an improved quality of life for the people, featuring a more developed economy, more sound democracy, more thriving culture and more advanced science and education.2006.5Never before has China been so closely bound up with the rest of the world as it is today. The Chinese government works to advance both the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the common interests of the peoples of the rest of the world, and pursues a defense policy which is purely defensive in nature. China's national defense, in keeping with and contributing to the country's development and security strategies, aims at maintaining national security and unity, and ensuring the realization of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. China is determined to remain a staunch force for global peace, security and stability.China's national defense and military modernization, conducted on the basis of steady economic development, is the requirement of keeping up with new trends in the global revolution and development in military affairs, and of maintaining China's national security and development. China will not engage in any arms race or pose a military threat to any other country. At the new stage in the new century, we will take the scientific development outlook as an important guiding principlefor the building of national defense and military affairs, vigorously advance the revolution in military affairs with Chinese features, and strive to realize an all-round, coordinated and sustainable development in our country's national defense and military capabilities.2006.11China takes great pride in its varied cuisines, and food is an important element of the Chinese culture. There are eight principal cuisines, including the spicy Sichuan dishes and the light Cantonese cooking. Chinese restaurants are very popular in all parts of the world.However, changing lifestyles in China have led to new eating habits at home and in restaurants. Cheese and tomato sauces are being brought into some traditional Chinese dishes. Urban consumers have taken readily to fast-food chains, such as McDonald's, KFC and Pizza Hut. Market research shows that Western-style fast-food consumption will continue to grow in China, at an annual rate of more than 45 percent in the coming few years, while Chinese fast-food outlets are projected to grow by 15 percent.Rising incomes, combined with greater awareness of international foods and convenient supermarket, have led to the emergence of a new generation of consumers who are more willing to try packaged and canned food products. As more and more households own refrigerators，frozen food, from ready-made dumplings to French fries, are available in supermarkets. Organic products can also be found at stores in big cities，although they can be much more expensive than conventional products.Owing to changed lifestyles, a growing number of Chinese are unwilling to go shopping for food every day, leading to an increased acceptance of packaged items. Rising car ownership and the emergence of new suburbs are additional factors in the growing popularity of supermarkets.2007.5Energy is an essential material basis for human survival and development. Over the entire history of mankind, each and every significant step in the progress of human civilization has been accompaniedby energy innovations and substitutions. The development and utilization of energy has enormously boosted the development of the world economy and human society.Over more than 100 years in the past, developed countries have completed their industrialization, consuming an enormous quantity of natural resources, especially energy resources, in the process. Today, some developing countries are ushering in their own era o f industrialization, and an increase of energy consumption is inevitable for their economic and social development.China is the largest developing country in the world, and developing its economy and eliminating poverty will, for a long time to come, remain the main tasks for the Chinese government and the Chinese people. Since the late 1970s, China, as the fastest growing developing country, has scored brilliant achievements in its economy and society that have a ttracted worldwide attenti on, successfull y blazed the trail of s ocialism with Chinese characteristics, and made significant contributions to world development and prosperity.China is now the world's second-largest energy producer and consumer. The sustained growth of energy supply has provided an important support for the country's economic growth and social progress, while the rapid expansion of energy consumption has created a vast scope for the global energy market. As an irreplaceable component of the world energy market, China plays an increasingly important role in maintaining global energy security.2007.11Your mention of ASEAN puts me in mind of an ASEAN meeting I attended last year. I remember on that occasion Mr. Mahatir and Mr. Goh Chok Tong drew a vivid analogy between China and a friendly elephant. They told me the rise of China would not pose a threat to their countries. To answer your question, let me say China has a history of 5,000 years. We had a glorious past, but we also suffered humiliation and subjugation. The rise of China and its rejuvenation are the dreams of the Chinese people for many generations. What are the connotations of China's peaceful rise? Let memake the following points. Firstly, in promoting China's peaceful rise, we must take full advantage of the very good opportunity of world peace to endeavor to develop and strengthen ourselves, and at the same time safeguard world peace with our own development. Secondly, the rise of China can only be based on our own strength and on our independent, self-reliant and hard efforts. It also has to be based on the broad market of China, the abundant human resources and capital reserves as well as the innovation of our systems as a result of reform. Thirdly, China's rise could not be achieved without the rest of the world. We must always maintain the opening up policy and develop economic and trade exchanges with all friendly countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. Fourthly, China's rise will require a long period of time and probably the hard work of many generations of Chinese people. Fifthly, the rise of China will not stand in the way of any other country or pose a threat to any other country, or be achieved at the expense of any particular nation. China does not seek hegemony now. Nor will we ever seek hegemony even after China becomes more powerful. 2008.5Human resource development has long been high on the agenda of China. The Chinese government has put in place the strategy of empowering the country with a strong pool of talents in ways that make it possible for/enable talents to bring their potential into full play/bring out their best/reach their full potential. Years of practice has shaped/resulted in/culminated in a complete/well-developed personnel system for engineers and technicians, who are now employed in line with professional titles.The title-oriented employment practice is a product of planned economy and has matured over time to adapt to emerging socialist market economy and meet the evolving needs of socio-economic development. Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, the Chinese Academy of Engineering and China Association for Science and Technology have co-founded/jointly established a leading group to coordinate research on technical professionals. The task force has since charted a reform course for the engineering and technical community and developed a merit- driven appraisal system. The leading team has also been committed to international mutual recognition and qualification-based access for engineers.2008.11Commuters sitting on Shanghai’s modern light-rail trains talk on mobile phones tap away on laptops or watch films on the train’s flat-screen monitors. Around the country new semiconductor factories are shooting up on former farmland while universities and high-tech zones packed with start-up companies are reproducing the Silicon Valley model in its sprawling cities.China has plenty of technical brainpower. This talent is enhancing its high-tech design and development capabilities.It has taken over a large amount of global manufacturing turning out television sets computers mobile phones and other electronic products. At the same time it plans to produce more sophisticated high-tech products such as computer chips and network switches.The Chinese government is on a mission to make information technology a pillar of the economy targeting semiconductor and software industries and introducing incentives like cheap land and tax breaks for new companies.China’s appeal for foreign investors comes from its huge and rapidly-expanding domestic market. Another advantage is low wages. Salaries of Chinese engineers can be as low as one-tenth of those in Western countries.2009.5As a world-famous business center and one of the most important securities markets in Asia, Shanghai boasts the best-known seaport and a huge market that the world top 500 enterprises/entities cannot ignore.Shanghai, as an international metropolis, will host the 2010 World Expo, thus becoming the first host city among those in developing countries. The theme of the World Expo—City Makes a BetterLife/A Better City, A Better Life. Shanghai, with a population of 17 million people, will be hosting the World Expo from May to October, 2010, which is expected to have the world record of 70 million visitors.Shanghai has planned a 30-billion US dollar investment in the construction of its all-round infrastructure. In order to ensure the smooth flow of its traffic during the World Expo, Shanghai will put more investment in the construction of its urban roads and subway system. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the World Expo, a lot of exhibition halls and convention centers will be constructed all along the Huangpu River banks, including high-tech exhibition halls and convention centers.The Shanghai municipal government is determined to avail itself of this opportunity to constantly improve the city life. Many important infrastructure will be completed in 2010. After the expo, most of the buildings will be transformed into living, office or recreational facilities.2009.11The world financial crisis has brought unprecedented difficulties and challenges to China, which are mainly manifested in the following aspects: economic growth is facing greater pressure; imports and exports have been on the decline; industrial production has notably slowed down; some enterprises are having a hard time in their production and business operation; and employment is becoming more and more difficult.This crisis coincides with a crucial junction in China’s efforts to transform the growth pattern and adjust the economic structure.To counter the impact of the world financial crisis and maintain steady and relatively fast economic growth, China has promptly adjusted its macroeconomic policies, resolutely adopted a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy, and formulated a package plan to expanddomestic demand and boost economic growth.The Chinese government has implemented industrial restructuring and rejuvenation plans, vigorously promoted scientific innovation and technological upgrading, and intensified efforts on energy conservation, emission reduction and environment protection. It has further endeavored to adjust the distribution of national income, energetically expand domestic markets, especially rural markets, and significantly raise the level of social security.These measures have already produced initial results, as shown by the current fairly strong domestic consumption, a steady rise in investment demand and overall social stability.2014.5With great tenacity, the Chinese nation has emerged resilient from trials and tribulations. It has never given up its pursuit of great dreams. The great renewal of the Chinese nation has been a long-cherished dream of the Chinese nation since modern times.In this new historical era, the Chinese dream that we are pursuing is about three things: economic prosperity, national renewal, and happiness of the Chinese people. We have two goals: First, to double the 2010 GDP and per capitain come of both urban and rural residents and finish the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020. Second, to build a modern socialist country that is strong, prosperous, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious and fulfill the Chinese dream of achieving the great renewal of the Chinese nation by mid-21st century.To realize the Chinese dream, we must stay on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We have been on this path for over 30 years. History has proven it to be the right path that suits China’s national conditions, bringing about prosperity to China and its people. We will continue to advance along this path.To realize the Chinese dream, we must promote the Chinese spirit. We need to boost the morale of the whole nation with the patriotism-imbued national spirit and call of the time, namely, reform and innovation.To realize the Chinese dream, we must pool the strength of the whole country. Empty talk is harmful to the nation, while doing practical work will make it thrive. With the wisdom and strength of the 1.3 billion Chinese and through the unremitting efforts of generations of the Chinese people, we will make China strong and the Chinese nation prosperous.To realize the Chinese dream, we must pursue peaceful development. We will unwaveringly follow the path of peaceful development and the win-win strategy of opening-up. We will both pursue China’s development and live up to our responsibilities and make our due contribution to the world. We will work for the common good of both the Chinese people and the people of the world. When realized, the Chinese dream will bring peace and opportunities to the world, not turbulence or threat.2014.11Energy security has a close bearing on the stability and growth of the world economy and the well-being of people in all countries. Against the backdrop of the global financial crisis，ensuring energy security is vital to effectively tackling the impact of the crisis and promoting the full recovery and long-term development of the world economy.To this end，the international community should foster a new energy security outlook featuring mutually beneficial cooperation，diversified development and coordinated supply. Joint efforts must be made to stabilize the prices of energy and other commodities and prevent excessive speculation and market hype，so as to meet the energy demands of all countries，particularly the developing countries，and maintain order in the energy market. Meanwhile，countries should improve their own energy mix，promote the research，development and diffusion of advanced technologies，vigorously develop clean and renewable energies，and actively advance international cooperation in relevant fields.The Chinese government attaches great importance to issues of energy and energy security. In addressing these issues，we adhere to the principle of “giving priority to conservation，mainly relying on domestic supply，seeking diversified development and protecting the environment”. We have strengthened mutually beneficial cooperation with the international community，made vigorous efforts to improve and adjust the energy mix and build a reliable，economical，clean and safe energy supply system，speeded up the building of a resources-conserving and environment-friendly society. Before the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference，China announced the target of increasing the share of non-fossil fuel in primary energy consumption to 15% and a 40-45% decrease of CO2 emissions per unit of GDP on the 2005 level by 2020. China is ready to work with other countries to establish a long-term energy cooperation mechanism and make its due contribution to ensuring global energy security and tackling climate change.。
2004年5月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务真题及答案
2004年5月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务真题及答案Section 1: English-Chinese Translation（英译汉）（60 point）This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". Translate the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into Chinese. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 100 minutes.Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（30 points）The first outline of The Ascent of Man was written in July 1969and the last foot of film was shot in December 1972. An undertaking as large as this, though wonderfully exhilarating, is not entered lightly. It demands an unflagging intellectual and physical vigour, a total immersion, which I had to be sure that I could sustain with pleasure; for instance, I had to put off researches that I had already begun; and I ought to explain what moved me to do so.There has been a deep change in the temper of science in the last20 years: the focus of attention has shifted from the physical to the life sciences. As a result, science is drawn more and more to the study of individuality. But the interested spectator is hardly aware yet how far-reaching the effect is in changing the image of man that science moulds. As a mathematician trained in physics, I too would have been unaware, had not a series of lucky chances taken me into the life sciences in middle age.I owe a debt for the good fortune that carried me into two seminal fields of science in one lifetime; and though I do not know to whom the debt is due, I conceived The Ascent of Man in gratitude to repay it.The invitation to me from the British Broadcasting Corporation was to present the development of science in a series of television programmes to match those of Lord Clark on Civilisation. Television is an admirable medium- for exposition in several ways: powerful and immediate to the eye, able to take the spectator bodily into the places and processes that are described, and conversational enough to make him conscious that what he witnesses are not events but the actions of people. The last of these merits is to my mind the most cogent, and it weighed most with me in agreeing to cast a personal biography of ideas in the form of television essays. The point is that knowledge in general and science in particular does not consist of abstract but of man-made ideas, all the way from its beginnings to its modern and idiosyncratic models. Therefore the underlying concepts that unlock nature must be shown to arise early and in the simplest cultures of man from his basic and specific faculties. And the development of science which joins them in more and more complex conjunctionsmust be seen to be equally human: discoveries are made by men, not merely by minds, so that they are alive and charged with individuality. If television is not used to make these thoughts concrete, it is wasted.Part B Optional Translations （二选一题）（30 points）Topic 1 （选题一）It's not that we are afraid of seeing him stumble, of scribbling a mustache over his career. Sure, the nice part of us wants Mike to know we appreciate him, that he still reigns, at least in our memory. The truth, though, is that we don't want him to come back because even for Michael Jordan, this would be an act of hubris so monumental as to make his trademark confidence twist into conceit. We don't want him back on the court because no one likes a show-off. The stumbling? That will be fun. But we are nice people, we Americans, with 225 years of optimism at our backs. Days ago when M.J. said he had made a decision about returning to the NBA in September, we got excited. He had said the day before, "I look forward to playing, and hopefully I can get to that point where I can make that decision. It's O.K., to have some doubt, and it's O.K. to have some nervousness." A Time/CNN poll last week has Americans, 2 to 1, saying they would like him on the court ASAP. And only 21 percent thought that if he came back and just completely bombed, it would damage his legend. In fact only 28 percent think athletes should retire at their peak.Sources close to him tell Time that when Jordan first talked about a comeback with the Washington Wizards, the team Jordan co-owns and would play for, some of his trusted advisers privately tried to discourage him. "But they say if they try to stop him, it will only firm up his resolve," says an NBA source.The problem with Jordan's return is not only that he can't possibly live up to the storybook ending he gave up in 1998 - earning his sixth ring with a last-second championship-winning shot. The problem is that the motives for coming back - needing the attention, needing to play even when his 38-year-old body does not - violate the very myth of Jordan, the myth of absolute control. Babe Ruth, the 20th century's first star, was a gust of fat bravado and drunken talent, while Jordan ended the century by proving the elegance of resolve; Babe's pointing to the bleachers replaced by the charm of a backpedaling shoulder shrug. Jordan symbolized success by not sullying his brand with his politics, his opinion or superstar personality. To be a Jordan fan was to be a fan of classiness and confidence.To come back when he knows that playing for Wizards won't get him anywhere near the second round of the play-offs, when he knows that he won't be the league scoring leader, that's a loss of control.Jordan does not care what we think. Friends say that he takes articles that tellhim not to come back and tacks them all on his refrigerator as inspiration. So why bother writing something telling him not to come back? He is still Michael Jordan. Topic 2 （选题二）Even after I was too grown-up to play that game and too grown-up to tell my mother that I loved her, I still believed I was the best daughter. Didn't I run all the way up to the terrace to check on the drying mango pickles whenever she asked?As I entered my teens, it seemed that I was becoming an even better, more loving daughter. Didn't I drop whatever I was doing each afternoon to go to the corner grocery to pick up any spices my mother had run out of?My mother, on the other hand, seemed more and more unloving to me. Some days she positively resembled a witch as she threatened to pack me off to my second uncle's home in provincial Barddhaman - a fate worse than death to a cool Calcutta girl like me - if my grades didn't improve. Other days she would sit me down and tell me about "Girls Who Brought Shame to Their Families". There were apparently, a million ways in which one could do this, and my mother was determined that I should be cautioned against every one of them. On principle, she disapproved of everything I wanted to do, from going to study in America to perming my hair, and her favorite phrase was "over my dead body." It was clear that I loved her far more than she loved me - that is, if she loved me at all.After I finished graduate school in America and got married, my relationship with my mother improved a great deal. Though occasionally dubious about my choice of a writing career, overall she thought I'd shaped up nicely. I thought the same about her. We established a rhythm: She'd write from India and give me all the gossip and send care packages with my favorite kind of mango pickle; I'd call her from the United States and tell her all the things I'd been up to and send care packages with instant vanilla pudding, for which she'd developed a great fondness. We loved each other equally - or so I believed until my first son, Anand, was born.My son's birth shook up my neat, organized, in-control adult existence in ways I hadn't imagined. I went through six weeks of being shrouded in an exhausted fog of postpartum depression. As my husband and I walked our wailing baby up and down through the night, and I seriously contemplated going AWOL, I wondered if I was cut out to be a mother at all. And mother love - what was that all about?Then one morning, as I was changing yet another diaper, Anand grinned up at me with his toothless gums. Hmm, I thought. This little brown scrawny thing is kind of cute after all. Things progressed rapidly from there. Before I knew it, I'd moved the extra bed into the baby's room and was spending many nights on it, bonding with my son.Section 2: Chinese- English Translation（汉译英）（40 point）This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2".Translation the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into English. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 80 minutes.Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（30 points）奥林匹克运动的生命力和非凡魅力在于在奥林匹克运动中居核心地位的奥林匹克精神。
翻译三级笔译实务2004年05月(含答案)
2004年5月英语三级《笔译实务》试题Section 1 English-Chinese Translation (英译泽) ( 60 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.Parents are required by law to see that their children receive full-time education, at school or elsewhere, between the ages of 5 and 16 in England, Scotland and Wales and 4 and 16 in Northern Ireland. About 93 percent of pupils receive free education from public funds, while the others attend independent schools financed by fees paid by parents.Many, aged 3-4 years, children attend nursery schools and classes (or, in England, reception classes in primary schools). Pre-school education may also be provided in some private day nurseries and pre-school playgroups (which are largely organized by parents).The Government has stated its commitment to a major expansion of pre-school education and wants all children to begin school with a basic foundation in literacy and numeracy. From September 1998 it is providing free nursery education in England and Wales for all 4 year olds whose parents want it, and is committed to staged targets for provision for 3 year olds thereafter. Local education authorities, in partnership with private and voluntary providers, have drawn up "early years development plans" for securing these objectives. The plans are designed to show how co-operation between private nurseries, playgroups and schools call best serve the interests of children and their parents. From April 1999, early years development partnerships and plans will be expanded to deliver quality childcare integrated with early education. In addition, the Government is working with local authorities and others in England to establish "early excellence centers" designed to demonstrate good practice in education and childcare.In Scotland, local education authorities have been taking the leading role, from Au- gust 1998, in planning and co-ordinating pre-school education and in providing places, working in partnership with voluntary and private providers. The Government planned to give all children in the pre-school year access to quality, part-time education by the winter of 1998.Northern Ireland has a lower compulsory school age of 4 and a single school entry date in September each year. A pre-school education expansion programme, undertaken through partnership between the education and library boards, other statutory providers and the private and voluntary sectors, has provided additional pre-school places.Section 2 Chinese-English Translation (泽译英) (40 points)Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.向一位著名的女作家祝贺她八十岁寿辰，这样的机会是不多的，所以我去年十月五日到冰心家里去的时候，心情非常激动。
2004年5月翻译三级笔译(实务)全真试卷 答案
(总分2, 考试时间120分钟)PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes.2004年5月翻译三级笔译(实务)全真试卷Parents are required by law to see that their childrenreceive full-time education, at school or elsewhere, between theages of 5 and 16 in England, Scotland and Wales and 4 and 16 inNorthern Ireland. About 93 percent of pupils receive freeeducation from public funds, while the others attend independentschools financed by fees paid by parents.Many, aged 3-4 years, children attend nursery schools andclasses (or, in England, reception classes in primary schools).Pre-school education may also be provided in some private daynurseries and pre-school playgroups (which are largely organizedby parents).The Government has stated its commitment to a major expansion of pre-school education and wants all children to begin schoolwith a basic foundation in literacy and numeracy. From September1998 it is providing free nursery education in England and Walesfor all 4 year olds whose parents want it, and is committed tostaged targets for provision for 3 year olds thereafter. Localeducation authorities, in partnership with private and voluntaryproviders, have drawn up "early years development plans" forsecuring these objectives. The plans are designed to show how co-operation between private nurseries, playgroups and schools canbest serve the interests of children and their parents. From April 1999, early years development partnerships and plans will beexpanded to deliver quality childcare integrated with earlyeducation. In addition, the Government is working with localauthorities and others in England to establish "early excellencecenters" designed to demonstrate good practice in education andchildcare.In Scotland, local education authorities have been taking the leading role, from August 1998, in planning and co-ordinating pre-school education and in providing places, working in partnershipwith voluntary and private providers. The Government planned togive all children in the pre-school year access to quality, part-time education by the winter of 1998.Northern Ireland has a lower compulsory school age of 4 and a single school entry date in September each year. A pre-schooleducation expansion programme, undertaken through partnershipbetween the education and library boards, other statutoryproviders and the private and voluntary sectors, has providedadditional pre-school places.1. 深色：已答题 浅色：未答题该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:按照法律规定，在英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士，家长一定要使自己的孩子在5岁至16岁期间在学校或其它地方接受全日制教育，在北爱尔兰则为4岁至16岁。
2004年5月CATTI三级笔译综合能力试题(附答案)
2004年5月CATTI三级笔译综合能力试题（附答案）Section1:Vocabulary and Grammar(25points)This section consists of3parts.Read the directions for eachpart before answering the questions.The time for this section is25minutes.Part1Vocabulary SelectionIn this part,there are20incomplete sentences.Below each sentence,there are4choice srespectively marked by letters A,B,C and D.Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.There is only ONE right answer.Then blacken the correspondin gletter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1.Grover Cleveland was the first president__________in the White House.A.got marriedB.to get marriedC.has got marriedD.was married2.If cauliflowers are not__________from extreme temperatures,the heads get discolor ed.A.protectedB.shelterC.shadeD.saved3.The gas__________from the tank is dangerous.A.given offB.giving outC.giving awayD.given up4.When it started to snow,we turned round and__________the hotel.A.got byB.searched forC.made forD.cleared up5.Since writing home to their parents for money,they had lived_________hope.A.inB.forC.onD.through6.Rice is the__________food of most Southeast Asians.monB.generalC.stapleD.popular7.William Byrd was the owner of the largest library in colonial__________.A.periodB.timeC.timesD.periods8.Exobiology is the study of life__________other planets.A.inB.atC.onD.to9.The Declaration of Independence, __________the Constitution of the United States,wasdrawnup with the help of Benjamin Franklin.A.andB.alsoC.as well asD.so too10.It was from the Lowell Laboratory that the ninth__________,Pluto,was sighted in 1930.A.planetB.constellationC.stardomD.satellite11.The rodent, __________the mouse,rat,guinea pig,and porcupine,are mammals withincisor-like teeth in both jaws.A.made upB.includingC.consistingD.constitute12.___________into oceans and rivers is a serious form of pollution.A.Pouring sewageB.Emptying litterC.Throwing garbageD.Dumping sewage13.Products which are made from dirts and are__________high temperatures are kno wn asceramics.A.tempered inB.subjected toC.exposed toD.baked in14.A pigment called melanin protects the________layers of skin from sun rays.A.underB.belowC.underlyingD.underneath15.Oranges are a__________source of vitamin C.A.wellB.betterC.goodD.very16.Even after having their grandchildren live with them for ten years,the couple felt that __________children these days was the most difficult of all family matters.A.risingB.raisingC.caringD.taking care17.The most important__________of the farmers in Iraq is dates,of which Iraq is the worldsleading exporter.A.economic cropB.cash cropC.money cropD.staple18.More has been learned about the Moon than any other of the Earth’s neighbors in sp acebecause of the Apollo program,which enabled men to walk on the Moon and bring back hundredsof pounds of__________.A.rocksB.rockC.stoneD.stones19.__________the variety that the average family has in beaf,fish,poultry,and vegetarian recipes,they find most meals unexciting.A.In spiteB.InspiteC.Despite ofD.Despite20.The speaker__________have criticized the paraprofessionals,knowing full well that theywere seated in the audience.A.should not toB.must notC.ought not toD.may notPart2Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of15sentences in which one word or phraseis underlined.Below each sentence,there are4choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D.Choose the w ordor phrase that can replace the underlined part without causingany grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence.There is only ONEright answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.21.Iceland has the oldest parliament,which goes as far back to930A.D.when Althing,t helegislative organization,was established.A.officeB.adobeC.assemblyD.building22.The only problem with the debate last week was that the beginning sounded more like apersonal attack than a dispassionate,intellectual arguing.A.discussionB.argumentC.talkD.speech23.Susan Jones was at the bus stop well on time to take the7:01bus,but she had to mi ss herbreakfast to do it.A.catch up withB.catchC.run up toD.be catching24.Since her father could not drive her to the airport,she requested her uncle to drive h erinstead.A.takeB.bringC.dispatchD.deliver25.A famous collection of Persian,Indian,and Arabian folktales,the Arabian Nights was supposedly told by the legendary queen Scheherazade to her husband every night for1, 001days.A.imaginaryB imageryC.fabledD.legend26.What may be the oldest fossil footprint yet found was discovered in June1968by Wil liam J.Meister,a non-professional fossil collector.A.a part-timeB.a spare-timeC.an untrainedD.an amateur27.Most of us think of sharks as dangerous,owing to lack of information rather than fear.A.due toB.becauseC.asD.for28.Double Eagle II,the first trans-Atlantic balloon,was greeted by avid crowds in France.A.eagerB.surgingC.appreciativeD.vigorous29.The discovery of the connection between aspirin and Reyessyndrome,a rare and dea dlyailment,is a recent example of the caution with which drugs must be used,even for medicalpurposes.A.diseaseB.sickC.illD.illness30.My parents moved out of their old home sometime last year after they had celebrated their50th year there.A.anniversaryB.years oldC.ageD.wedding31.The library she worked in lent books,magazines,audio-cassettes and maps to its cus tomers,who could keep them for four weeks.A.borrowersB.lendersC.patronsD.clients32.A common question that people ask a story writer is whether or not he has experienc ed whathe has written about.A.fictionB.scienceD.literary33.At the World Literacy Center,an organization that works to help people read,the help ers workhard,enabling them to successfully reach their goals.A.assistantsB.volunteersC.part-timersD.amateurs34.The officers made it clear that they were letting her go only because that she was old and notbecause she was above suspicion.A.for reasonB.due toC.because ofD.on the grounds35.The book,which is a useful guide for today’s young people,deals with many question s andproblems that face them at school and at home as well as in society.A.are facedB.confrontC.in oppositionD.meetPart3Error CorrectionThis part consists of15sentences in which there is an underlinedpart that indicates a grammatical error.Below each sentence,there are4choicesrespectively marked by letter s A,B,C and D.Choose the word or phrase that can replace theunderlined part so that the er roris corrected.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken thecorresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.36.All don’t have a free ticket must pay the admission fee.A.Everyone who doesn’t have a free ticketB.No one who doesn’t have a free ticketC.No one who has free ticketsD.Anyone who has free tickets37.When I last saw them,the police had chased the robbers down Columbus Street.A.were chasingB.was chasingC.chasedD.were on a chase38.Erosion that is a slow process,but it constantly changes the features on the surface of theearth.B.althoughC.beingD.is39.When an organism is completely encapsulated and preserved,it becomes a fossil,the reforeturning into evidence of things that once lived.A.therebyB.as a result ofC.soD.in the end40.The pictures of the Loch Ness Monster show a remarkable resemblance to a plesiosa ur,a largewater reptile of the Mesozoic era presuming extinct for more than70million years.A.supposedB.presumablyC.presumptuousD.is presumed41.In our own galaxy,the Milky Way,there are perhaps200billion stars,a small part of themprobably have planets on which life is feasible.A.a small fraction in whichB.a small fraction of whichC.a small fraction whichD.which a fraction of42.“But you’ll be able to come,won’t you?”“Yes,I think such.”A.thatB.itC.soD.this43.The professor is quite difficult pleased.A.to pleaseB.to be pleasedC.for pleasingD.pleasing44.Because everyone knows,facts speak louder than words.A.SinceB.ThatC.ItD.As45.The trapeze artist who ran away with the clown broke up the lion tamer’s heart.A.broke awayB.broke downC.brokeD.broken down46.His heavy drinking and fond of gambling makes him a poor role model.A.and fact that he gamblesB.and that he gamblesC.and he gambles whichD.and gambling47.Depression that inflicts people who believe their lives lack content when the rush of t he busyweek stops referred to by a prominent psychiatrist as Sunday Neurosis.A.has been referred to by a prominent psychiatristB.has been referred to as by a prominent psychiatristC.a prominent psychiatrist has referred to itD.it has been referred to by a prominent psychiatrist48.Just as there are occupations that require college degrees also there are occupations for whichtechnical training is necessary.A.so to there areB.so too there areC.so there areD.so too are there49.Most of the older civilizations which flourished during the fifth century B.C.are died o ut.A.they have died outB.has died outC.have died outD.they had died out50.The student asked her professor if he would have gone on the space ship he did kno w earlier.A.if he knewB.if he knowsC.he had knownD.had he knownSection3:Cloze Test(20points)In the following passage,there are20blanks representing wordsthat are missing from th e context.You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing word.Write your answers on the AN SWERSHEET.The time for this section is20minutes.A good translator is by definition bilingual.The opposite is not__________(1)true,howe ver.Aborn and bred bilingual will still need two__________(2)to become a translator:first,th e skillsand experience necessary for__________(3);second,knowledge of the field in which he or shewill__________(4).The skills and experience for translation include the ability to write__________(5)in the target language,the ability to read and understand the_________ (6)language material thoroughly,and the ability to work with the latest__________(7)and communication hardware and software.Does a born and bred bilingual__________(8)a better translator than someone who lea rnedlanguage B later in__________(9)?There is no definite answer,but the following issues areimportant.__________(10),a born and bred bilingual often suffers from not truly knowing__________(11)language well enough to translate,with some even suffering from what __________(12)known as a lingualism,a state in which a person lacks_________(13)f ull,fluentcommand of any language.Second,born and bred bilinguals__________(14)don’t kno w theculture of the target language well enough to_________(15)top-quality translations,or cannotrecognize what aspects of the source language__________(16)its culture need to be tr eatedwithparticular care,as they_________(17)in a sense too close to the language.And last,th ey often__________(18)the analytical linguistic skills to work through a sticky text.On__________(19)other hand,the acquired bilingual may not have the same in-depth __________(20)of colloquialisms,slang,and dialect that the born bilingual has.Also,th eacquired bilingual will not be able to translate as readily in both directions(from B to lan guage Aand A to language B).Finally,born bilinguals often have a greater appreciation of the sub tletiesand nuances of both their languages than someone who learns their B language later in l ife canever hope to have.答案部分：Section1Part1共计25分共20题，每题0.5分，满分为10分1.B2.A3.A4.C5.A6.C7.C8.C9.C10.A11.B12.D13.B14.C15.C16.B17.B18.A19.D20.CPart2共15题，每题0.5分，满分为7.5分21.C22.B23.B24.A25.C26.D27.A28.A29.A30.A31.C32.A33.B34.D35.BPart3共15题，每题0.5分，满分为7.5分36.A37.A38.D39.A40.B41.B42.C43.A44.D45.C46.D47.A48.B49.C50.DSection2共50题，51—90每题1分，91—100每题 1.5分，满分为55分51.D61.B71.B81.B91.B52.C62.C72.A82.B92.A53.B63.D73.D83.A93.C54.A55.B56.D57.C58.A59.B60.C64.C65.A66.D67.C68.B69.C70.C74.B75.D76.C77.C78.B79.C80.C84.B85.A86.B87.A88.D89.D90.B94.B95.B96.D97.D98.D99.B100.DSection3共20题，每题1分，满分为20分1.necessarily2.things3.translation4.translate5.well6.source7.word-processing8.make9.life10.First11.any12.is13.a14.often15.provide16.and17.areck19.the20.knowledge口译笔译教程：/kcnet440/11。
2004年5月口译三级实务真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2004年5月口译三级实务真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Dialogue 2. English-Chinese Translation 3. Chinese-English TranslationPART 1 Dialogue (20 points, 10 minutes)Listen to the following dialogue and interpret it as required. After you hear a sentence or a short passage in Chinese, interpret it into English by speaking to the microphone. And after you hear an English sentence or a short passage, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the dialogue only ONCE. Now let’s begin.1．Reporter：Mr.Vice Minister, could you brief us on Shanghai’s applying to host the 2010 World Exposition? 王：实际上并不是上海在申办，而是中国政府在申办。
国际社会普遍认为世博会是经济，文化和科学领域内的奥林匹克。
世博会向各地人民提供一个相识，共享和交朋友的机会，在这里各种新思想和新概念得到传播，发展和应用，从而提高人民的生活水平。
Reporter：Then，do you think conditions are now ripe for China to apply? 王：中国一直是在积极参与在世界各地举办的世博会的活动。
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2004年5月英语三级《笔译实务》试题Section 1 English-Chinese Translation (英译泽) ( 60 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.Parents are required by law to see that their children receive full-time education, at school or elsewhere, between the ages of 5 and 16 in England, Scotland and Wales and 4 and 16 in Northern Ireland. About 93 percent of pupils receive free education from public funds, while the others attend independent schools financed by fees paid by parents.Many, aged 3-4 years, children attend nursery schools and classes (or, in England, reception classes in primary schools). Pre-school education may also be provided in some private day nurseries and pre-school playgroups (which are largely organized by parents).The Government has stated its commitment to a major expansion of pre-school education and wants all children to begin school with a basic foundation in literacy and numeracy. From September 1998 it is providing free nursery education in England and Wales for all 4 year olds whose parents want it, and is committed to staged targets for provision for 3 year olds thereafter. Local education authorities, in partnership with private and voluntary providers, have drawn up "early years development plans" for securing these objectives. The plans are designed to show how co-operation between private nurseries, playgroups and schools call best serve the interests of children and their parents. From April 1999, early years development partnerships and plans will be expanded to deliver quality childcare integrated with early education. In addition, the Government is working with local authorities and others in England to establish "early excellence centers" designed to demonstrate good practice in education and childcare.In Scotland, local education authorities have been taking the leading role, from Au- gust 1998, in planning and co-ordinating pre-school education and in providing places, working in partnership with voluntary and private providers. The Government planned to give all children in the pre-school year access to quality, part-time education by the winter of 1998.Northern Ireland has a lower compulsory school age of 4 and a single school entry date in September each year. A pre-school education expansion programme, undertaken through partnership between the education and library boards, other statutory providers and the private and voluntary sectors, has provided additional pre-school places.Section 2 Chinese-English Translation (泽译英) (40 points)Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.向一位著名的女作家祝贺她八十岁寿辰，这样的机会是不多的，所以我去年十月五日到冰心家里去的时候，心情非常激动。
我解释说希望她给我讲一下她是怎样成为诗人的。
“我已有多年没有写诗了，”她微笑说，“可是我还是爱读好诗。
”冰心很幸运地有鼓励她学习和写作的父母。
一九一九年她在北京一所女子学院念书时，一个事件改变了她生命的整个道路。
那就是五四运动，一个由北京学生发动的爱国民主运动。
群众游行示威的场面给她以深刻的印象。
她投身于斗争中，并被学生会任命负责宣传工作。
她写了诗歌、文章和故事，以抨击帝国主义和各种形式的封建主义。
她在1923年到美国去学文学，在旅途中和在美国居留中写下了她的感受。
这些都收在一个集子里出版，就是《寄小读者》。
这本书使她声誉突起。
这不仅是因为她是一位女作家，而是因为书中的高尚的情操。
有不少较年轻的作家说，是冰心的作品使他们走上了其后所走的道路。
Ⅱ参考译文及采分点解析Section 1英译汉(60分)[参考译文]按照法律规定，在英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士，家长一定要使自己的孩子在5岁至16岁期间在学校或其它地方接受全日制教育，在北爱尔兰则为4岁至16岁。
大约93%的学生享受公家提供经费的免费教育，其他学生上独立学校，这种学校靠学生家长缴费来筹措经费。
许多三、四岁的孩子上幼儿园和幼儿班(在英格兰还有小学校里的小班)。
某些民办的日托幼儿园和学前游戏小组(大都是家长组织的)也提供学前教育。
政府已作出承诺，要大力发展学前教育，使所有的儿童在开始上学的时候在识字和识数方面都有一点基础。
在英格兰和威尔土，政府从1998年9月开始为所有4岁的孩子提供免费幼儿教育，如果他们的父母需要的话。
政府还承诺，随后要分阶段实现为三岁的孩子提供免费幼儿教育的目标。
为达到这些目标，地方教育当局与民间志愿办学者合作，已制定出“早期教育发展计划”。
制订这类计划意在表明民办幼儿园、游戏小组和学校可以怎样通过合作来最好地为孩子和家长服务。
从1999年4月起，早期教育发展组织和发展计划将扩大范围，以提供与早期教育相结合的优良的儿童保健。
此外，政府还在英格兰与地方当局以及其它部门合作建立“优秀早期教育中心”，以展示教育与儿童保健方面的好的做法。
在苏格兰，地方教育当局一直领导这方面的工作。
1998年8月以来，他们与民间志愿办学者合作，进行规划，协调学前教育，提供更多名额。
政府计划在1998年冬季前使所有的儿童在上学前一年享受到良好的非全日制教育。
北爱尔兰义务教育入学年龄较低，为4岁，每年9月学生按统一日期入学。
一项由教育局与图书馆管理局、其它法定办学单位和民间志愿办学者联合执行的学前教育发展计划已经增加了学前教育学生的名额。
[采分点解析]1．see that务必使……，保证，注意，专心[分析] 理解结构采分点。
短语see that：make sure；take care务必使……，保证，注意，专心在本文中表示“要确保，(务必)使……”2．full-time education全日制教育[分析] 基本素质采分点。
full-time(工作、学习等)全部规定时间；(足球等的)比赛结束full-time education是固定的专有名词，要用公认的名称来译。
[对照]part-time education非全日制教育；compulsory education义务教育；free education免费教育3．Parents are required by law to see that their children receive full-time education，at school or elsewhere，between the ages of 5 and 16 in England，Scotland and Wales and 4 and 16 in Northern Ireland．按照法律规定，在英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士，家长一定要使自己的孩子在5岁至16岁期间在学校或其它地方接受全日制教育，在北爱尔兰则为4岁至16岁。
[分析] 理解结构采分点。
此句是个复合句。
主句是个被动语态结构，that引导一个宾语从句，之后又分别带有地点状语和时间状语。
要分析其语法结构来理解词义，但翻译时要根据汉语的语言习惯来译，词序也要作相应的调整：汉译时，英语中的一些状语可放到主句之前，被动语态有时在汉语中不必译出。