ice theory

In 1932, in Death in the afternoon, Hemingway used an efective metaphor to describe his writing style for the first time: "The dignity of an iceberg is due to only one—eighth of it being above waters.one eighth of it is abo ve the water,all of the rest is implied．One must go very deep beneath thesurface to understand the full meaning of ct words, distinct images, plentiful emotion and profound thought are the four fundamental elements of iceberg theory for further study,that is, the words and images are the so—called ”1/8” while the emotion and thought are the so—called ”7/8” ．The formers are specific and visual while the latter are implied in the form er．The words portray the images；the emotion is embodied in the images；the thought is embodied in the emotion．
• There is no doubt that terseness of writing is extraordinary，the beauty of symbolism is also a dazzling feature of Hemingways’ ”icebergtheory”:Vocabulary,Coda,Christ ian symbolism
简洁的文字、鲜明的形象、丰富的情感和深刻的思 想是构成”冰山原则”的四个基本要素。具体地说 ，文字和形象是所谓的“八分之一”，而情感和思 想是所谓的“八分之七”。前两者是具体可见的， 后两者是寓于前两者之中的。文字塑造了形象，形 象包含了情感，而情感之中蕴涵着思想。诚然，就 一般文学作品而言，这四个要素都是必不可少的， 但在海明威的作品中显得尤为突出，因为他强调了 情感和思想的含蓄性。
Ernest Hemingway 'siceberg theory (冰山文体）
• Born not to be defeated, one can be destroyed, but can not be beat. • （人生来就不是为了被打败的,人能够被毁灭,但是不能够被打败。） • Paranoia is a strange thing. Paranoia of people have no doubt that he is necessarily correct, but restrained myself, thinking of the right to maintain, it is best to encourage such an accurate and honest self-views. - Ernest Hemingway • （偏执是件古怪的东西。偏执的人必然绝对相信自己是正确的，而克 制自己，保持正确思想，正是最能助长这种自以为正确和正直的看法 。——海明威） • Is dominated by their own God, if would like to conquer the world, you must first conquer themselves. - Ernest Hemingway • （自己就是主宰一切的上帝，倘若想征服全世界，就得先征服自己。 ——海明威 • ） • Everyone need someone to talk with him openly. Although a person can be very heroic, but he also could be very lonely. - Ernest Hemingway • （每一个人都需要有人和他开诚布公地谈心。一个人尽管可以十分英 勇，但他也可能十分孤独。——海明威 • ）
of describing psychology
• In A farewell to afros，when Catherine was in the delivery room．her husband Henry worded a lOt：“And what if she should die? She won’t die, She won’t die, She can’t, She can’t die why would she die? But what if she die? She can’t die But what if she should die. What if she should die?” (Hemingway,1999，PP． 320—321)．The author uses very simple words to show that Henry was feeling upset and anxious，but also，he was longing for good news．