冲压模具外文英语文献翻译
外文翻译
Heat Treatment of Die and Mould
Oriented Concurrent Design
LI Xiong,ZHANG Hong-bing,RUAN Xue-yu,LUO
Zhong—hua,ZHANG Yan
Abstract：
Many disadvantages exist in the traditional die design method
which belongs to serial pattern。It is well known that heat
treatment is highly important to the dies. A new idea of concurrent
design for heat treatment process of die and mould was developed
in order to overcome the existent shortcomings of heat treatment
process. Heat treatment CAD/CAE was integrated with concurrent
circumstance and the relevant model was built. These
investigations can remarkably improve efficiency，reduce cost
and ensure quality of R and D for products.
Key words:die design; heat treatment；mould
Traditional die and mould design,mainly by experience or semi—experience，is isolated from manufacturing process。Before the design is finalized，the scheme of die and mould is usually modified time and again，thus some disadvantages come into being，such as long development period,high cost and uncertain practical effect。Due to strong desires for precision,service life,development period and cost，modern die and mould should be designed and manufactured perfectly。Therefore more and more advanced technologies and innovations have been applied,for example，concurrent engineering，agile manufacturing virtual manufacturing，collaborative design,etc.
Heat treatment of die and mould is as important as design，manufacture and assembly because it has a vital effect on manufacture，assembly and service life．Design and manufacture of die and mould have progressed rapidly，but heat treatment lagged seriously behind them．As die and mould industry develops，heat treatment must ensure die and mould there are good
state of manufacture,assembly and wear-resistant properties by request。Impertinent heat treatment can influence die and mould manufacturing such as over—hard and-soft and assembly．Traditionally the heat treatment process was made out according to the methods and properties brought forward by designer．This could make the designers of die and mould and heat treatment diverge from each other,for the designers of die and mould could not fully realize heat treatment process and materials properties，and contrarily the designers rarely understood the service environment and designing thought。These divergences will impact the progress of die and mould to a great extent。Accordingly,if the process design of heat treatment is considered in the early designing stage，the aims of shortening development period，reducing cost and stabilizing quality will be achieved and the sublimation of development pattern from serial to concurrent will be realized．
Concurrent engineering takes computer integration system as a carrier,at the very start subsequent each stage and factors have been considered such as manufacturing，heat treating,properties and so forth in order to avoid the error．The concurrent pattern has dismissed the defect of serial pattern，which bring about a revolution against serial pattern．
In the present work．the heat treatment was integrated into the concurrent circumstance of the die and mould development，and the systemic and profound research was performed．
1 Heat Treatment Under Concurrent Circumstance
The concurrent pattern differs ultimately from the seri al pattern（see Fig．1)。With regard to serial pattern，the designers mostly consider the structure and function of die and mould,yet hardly consider the consequent process，so that the former mistakes are easily spread backwards．Meanwhile，the design department rarely communicates with the assembling，cost accounting and sales departments．These problems certainly will influence the development progress of die and mould and the market foreground．Whereas in the concurrent pattern,the relations among departments are close，the related departments all take part in the development progress of die and mould and have close intercommunion with purchasers．This is propitious to elimination
of the conflicts between departments，increase the efficiency and reduce the cost．
Heat treatment process in the concurrent circumstance is made out not after blueprint and workpiece taken but during die and mould designing．In this way，it is favorable to optimizing the heat treatment process and making full use of the potential of the materials．
2 Integration of Heat Treatment CAD／CAE for Die and Mould
It can be seen from Fig．2 that the process design and simulation of heat treatment are the core of integration frame．After information input via product design module and heat treatment process generated via heat treatment CAD and heat treatment CAE module will automatically divide the mesh for parts drawing,simulation temperature field microstructure analysis after heat-treatment and the defect of possible emerging (such as overheat，over burning），and then the heat treatment process is judged if the optimization is made according to the result reappeared by stereoscopic vision
technology．Moreover tool and clamping apparatus CAD and CAM are integrated into this system．
The concurrent engineering based integration frame can share information with other branch．That makes for optimizing the heat treatment process and ensuring the process sound．
2.1 3—D model and stereoscopic vision technology for heat treatment
The problems about materials，structure and size for die and mould can be discovered as soon as possible by 3-D model for heat treatment based on the shape of die and mould．Modeling heating condition and phase transformation condition for die and mould during heat treatment are workable,because it has been broken through for the calculation of phase transformation thermodynamics，phase transformation kinetics，phase stress，thermal stress,heat transfer，hydrokinetics etc．For example，3—D heat—conducting algorithm models for local heating complicated impression and
asymmetric die and mould,and M ARC software models for microstructure transformation was used．Computer can present the informations of temperature，microstructure and stress at arbitrary time and display the entire transformation procedure in the form of 3—D by coupling temperature field，microstructure field and stress field．If the property can be coupled，various partial properties can be predicted by computer．
2。2 Heat treatment process design
Due to the special requests for strength，hardness，surface roughness and distortion during heat treatment for die and mould，the parameters including quenching medium type，quenching temperature and tempering temperature and time，must be properly selected，and whether using surface quenching or chemical heat treatment the parameters must be rightly determined．It is difficult to determine the parameters by computer fully．Since computer technology develops quickly in recent decades,the difficulty with large—scale calculation has been overcome．By simulating and weighing the property,the cost and the required period after heat treatment．it is not difficult to optimize the heat treatment process．
2。3 Data base for heat treatment
A heat treatment database is described in Fig．3．The database is the foundation of making out heat treatment process．Generally，heat treatment database is divided into materials database and process database．It is an inexorable trend to predict the property by materials and process．Although it is difficult to establish a property database，it is necessary to establish the database by a series of tests．The materials database includes steel grades,chemical compositions，properties and home and abroad grades parallel tables．The process database includes heat treatment criterions，classes，heat preservation time and cooling velocity．Based on the database，heat treatment process can be created by inferring from rules．
2。4 Tool and equipment for heat treatment
After heat treatment process is determined，tool and equipment CAD／CAE system transfers the information about design and manufacture to the numerical control device．Through rapid tooling prototype，the reliability of tool and the clamping apparatus can be judged．The whole procedure is transferred by network，in which there is no man-made interference．
3 Key Technique
3。1 Coupling of temperature，microstructure，stress and property
Heat treatment procedure is a procedure of temperature-microstructure—stress interaction．The three factors can all influence the property (see Fig．4)．During heating and cooling,hot stress and transformation will come into being when microstructure changes.Transformation temperature-microstructure and temperature—microstructure-and stress—property interact on each other．Research on the interaction of the four factors has been greatly developed，but the universal mathematic model has not been built．Many models fit the test nicely,but they cannot be put into practice．Difficulties with most of models are solved in analytic solution，and numerical method is employed so that the inaccuracy of calculation exists．
Even so，comparing experience method with qualitative analysis，heat treatment simulation by computer makes great progress．
3。2 Establishment and integration of models
The development procedure for die and mould involves design，manufacture，heat treatment，assembly，maintenance and so on．They should have own database and mode1．They are in series with each other by the entity-relation model．Through establishing and employing dynamic inference mechanism ，the aim of optimizing design can be achieved．The relation between product model and other models was built．The product model will change in case the cell model changes．In fact,it belongs to the relation of data with die and mould．After heat treatment model is integrated into the system，it is no more an isolated unit but a member which is close to other models in the system．After searching，calculating and reasoning from the heat treatment database,procedure for heat treatment，which is restricted by geometric model，manufacture model for die and mould and by cost and property,is obtained．If the restriction is disobeyed，the system will send out the interpretative warning．
All design cells are connected by communication network．
3.3 Management and harmony among members
The complexity of die and mould requires closely cooperating among item groups．Because each member is short of global consideration for die and mould development，they need to be managed and harmonized．Firstly，each item group should define its own control condition and resource requested，and learn of the request of up—and—down working procedure in order to avoid conflict．Secondly，development plan should be made out and monitor mechanism should be established．The obstruction can be duly excluded in case the development is hindered．
Agile management and harmony redound to communicating information, increasing efficiency，and reducing redundancy．Meanwhile it is beneficial for exciting creativity，clearing conflict and making the best of resource．
4 Conclusions
（1) Heat treatment CAD／CAE has been integrated into concurrent design for die and mould and heat treatment is graphed,which can increase efficiency，easily discover problems and clear conflicts．
（2) Die and mould development is performed on the same platform．When the heat treatment process is made out，designers can obtain correlative information and transfer self—information to other design departments on the platform．
(3) Making out correct development schedule and adjusting it in time can enormously shorten the development period and reduce cost．
References：
[1] ZHOU Xiong-hui，PENG Ying-hong．The Theory and Technique of Modern Die and Mould Design and Manufacture［M]．Shanghai：Shanghai Jiaotong University Press 2000(in Chinese）．
[2］Kang M，Park＆Computer Integrated Mold Manufacturing[J］．Int J Computer Integrated Manufacturing，1995，5：229-239．
[3］Yau H T,Meno C H．Concurrent Process Planning for Finishing Milling and Dimensional Inspection of Sculptured Surface in Die and Mould Manufacturing［J］．Int J Product Research，1993,31（11)：2709—2725．
［4］LI Xiang,ZHOU Xiong-hui，RUAN Xue—yu．Application of Injection Mold Collaborative Manufacturing System ［J］．JournaI of Shanghai Jiaotong University，2000，35(4）：1391-1394．
[5] Kuzman K,Nardin B,Kovae M ,et a1．The Integration of Rapid Prototyping and CAE in Mould Manufacturing ［J］．J Materials Processing Technology，2001,111:279—285．
[6] LI Xiong,ZHANG Hong—bing，RUAN Xue-yu，et a1．Heat Treatment Process Design Oriented Based on Concurrent Engineering[J］．Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2002，14(4)：26-29．
文献出处：
LI Xiong,ZHANG Hong—bing，RUAN Xue—yu，LUO Zhong—hua,ZHANG Yan。Heat Treatment of Die and Mould Oriented Concurrent Design[J］. Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2006，13(1）：40-43，74
模具热处理及其导向平行设计
李雄，张鸿冰,阮雪榆，罗中华，张艳
摘要：
在一系列方式中,传统模具设计方法存在许多缺点。众所周知，热处理对模具起着非常重要的作用。为了克服模具热处理工艺存在的缺点，一种新的模具热处理工艺并行设计方法已经被开发出来了。
热处理CAD/CAE技术是集成了并行环境和有关模型而建立的。这些调查研究可以显著提高效率,降低成本，并保证产品质量达到R和D 级。
关键词：模具设计；热处理;模具
传统模具设计主要是依照自身实践经验或依照部分实践经验，而不是制造工艺。在设计完成之前,模具方案通常要被一次又一次的改进,于是有些缺点便出现,例如开发时期长，成本高和实际效果不明显。由于对精确性、使用寿命、开发期和费用的严格要求，先进的模具要求设计和制造得十分完善。因此越来越先进的技术和创新方法被应用其中，例如并行工程、敏捷制造业、虚拟制造业、协同合作设计等。
模具的热处理与模具设计,制造和装配同样重要。因为它对模具的制造装配和使用寿命又及其重要的影响.模具设计与制造发展十分迅速，但是热处理发展却严重滞后它们。随着模具工业的发展，热处理必须保证模具有良好的制造装配和磨损耐热性能.不切实际的热处理将导致模具材料过硬或过软，同时影响模具装配性能。传统的热处理工艺是按照设计师提出的方法和特性制作出来的。这样会使模具设计师和热处理工艺师意见产生分歧，而模具设计师却不能充分地了解热处理工艺和材料的性能，相反热处理工艺师却很少了解模具的使用环境和设计思路.这些分歧将在很大程度上影响模具的发展。因此,如果把热处理工艺设计放在设计阶段之前，则缩短开发周期,减少花费和保证质量等目标将会被考虑，而且从串行到并行的发展模式也将会实现。
并行工程是以计算机集成系统作为载体，在开始以后，每个阶段和因
素都被看作如制造、热处理、性能等等,以避免出现错误.并行模式已经摒除了串行模式的缺陷，由此带来了一场对串行模式的革命。
在当前的工作中，热处理被集成到了模具开发的并行环境中，同时也正在进行这种系统性和深入性的研究。
1。热处理下的并行环境
并行模式与串行模式存在根本的不同(见图1）.对于串行模式，设计者大多考虑的是模具的结构与功能,但很难考虑相关的工艺，以致前者的错误很容易蔓延到后面。与此同时，设计本门很少与装配，预算会计和销售部门沟通。这些问题当然会影响模具的开发进度和市场前景。然而在并行模式中，不但以上部门关系联系密切，所有参加模具开发的部门都与买家有密切的交流。这有助于协调各部门消除矛盾,提高工作效率,同时降低成本.
(a)
（b）
（a)串行模式（b)并行模式
图1.基于摸具开发的串行工程与并行工程系统框架示意图并行环境下的热处理工艺不是在方案和工件确定以后，而是在模具设计的时候制定出来的。这样的话,将有利于优化热处理工艺，充分利用材料.
2。模具热处理CAD/CAE一体化
从图2中可以看出，热处理工艺的设计与模拟是一体化模式的核心。在信息输入产品模块中后，经热处理工艺过程产生的热处理CAD和热处理CAE模块将对于零件图，热处理以后模拟温度场的微观结构分析和可能出现的缺陷（例如过热，烧伤）自动划分网络，如果优化是根据立体视觉技术的结果重新出现，则这项热处理工艺已经被审核。而且工具与夹具的CAD和CAE也集成于这种系统中。
图2.并行工程热处理CAD/CAE一体化系统框架示意图以并行工程为基础的集成模式可以与其它类似模式共享信息。这样使热处理工艺得到优化，并确保改工艺准确。
2.1采用三维模型和立体视觉技术的热处理
在形成模具的基础上，材料，结构和尺寸的问题能通过热处理三维模型尽快发现出来。在热处理过程中，模具加热条件和相变条件是切合实际的，因为通过计算相变热力、相变动力、相应力、热应力、传热速度、流体动力等已经取得重要突破。例如，能进行局部复杂表面和不对称模具的三维热传导模型计算，和能进行微观结构转变的MARC软件模型。计算机能够在任何时间提交温度，微观结构和应力的信息,并通过连接温度场微观结构领域和力场来显示三维形式的全部改变过程。如果再加上这种特性,则各部分性能都能通过计算机预见。
2.2热处理工艺设计
由于对强度和硬度，表面粗糙度和模具热处理变形的特殊要求,淬火介质的种类、淬火温度、回火温度和时间等参数特性必须经过适当的选择，以及是否使用表面淬火或化学热处理，这种特性必须准确的制定下来.自从计算机技术在最近几十年迅速的发展，难以进行大型计算已经成为过去。通过模拟和仔细考虑热处理特性,热处理后的成本和所须时间,这些都并不难优化热处理工艺。
2。3热处理数据库
热处理数据库在图3中描述。数据库是制定热处理工艺的基础。一般来说,热处理数据库分为材料数据库和工艺数据库。通过材料和工艺来预测特性已成为一种必然的趋势。尽管很难建立一个特性数据库,但通过一系列的测试来建立数据库是必要的。材料数据库包括材料牌号、化学成分、性能和国内外同级别目录表。工艺数据库包括热处理标准、种类、保温时间和冷却温度.基于数据库，热处理工艺可以通过推理规则创造出来.
图3。热处理数据库
2.4热处理工具和设备
在热处理工艺确定以后，工具及设备CAD/CAE系统传送设计和制造的数值信息来控制装置。通过快速模具成型，可靠的工具和夹具都能被确定.整个程序通过网络传送，不存在任何人为干扰.
3。关键技术
3。1温度，微观结构，应力和特性的联系
热处理程序是一个温度，微观结构和应力互相作用的程序。三方面都能影响材料特性（见图4）。在加热和冷却期间，当微观结构转变时热应力和相变迟早会出现。微观结构温度相变和温度－微观结构－应力特性相互影响。对相互作用的四个因素的调查已经取得很大的发展，但普通的数学模型还没有建立。许多模型能很好的满足测试结果，但不能投入到实践当中。大部分模型的难点是用分析的方法处理的，同时数值方法也运用了，导致存在不准确的计算。
图4。热处理工艺图解
即使如此，把经验方法与定性分析相比较,通过计算机来进行热处理模拟取得了很大的进展.
3。2模型的建立和融合
在模具的开发过程中，涉及到设计、制造、热处理、装配、维修等.它们应该有自己的数据库和模型。它们通过事物的内在联系建立模型，互相串联起来，尽管建立和运用动态推理机制,但其目的在于完成优化设计。产品模型和其它模型的联系已被建立。如果细小组织模型发生改变,则产品模型也将改变。事实上，它属于数据库与模具之间的联系。当热处理模型集成到系统以后，它已不再是一个孤立的单位，而是一个部分,同时在系统中接近其它模型。在搜查后,热处理数据库的计算和推理能力,热处理程序都被几何模型，模具制造模型和预算所限制,这是通行的。如果这种限制不服从，系统会发出解释性的警告.
所用设计的细小组织都是通过互连网连接的.
3。3各部分之间的管理和协调
复杂的模具需要其中各项目组之间密切合作。因为考虑到模具的开发，各部分都存在缺点,它必须得到管理和协调。首先，各项目组应该确定其本身的控制条件和资源要求，同时了解不同环境下的工作程序，以避免发生冲突。其次，要提出开发计划和建立监控机制.如果开发受到限制则可逐步排除.
敏捷管理和协调有助于交流信息,提高效率和减少材料。同时这有利于激发人的创造力,消除阻碍和制定出最好的方法。
4。总结
⑴热处理CAD/CAE技术已被集成到模具并行设计中去，同时热处理已被制成图表，这有利于提高效率，较易发现问题并解决问题。
⑵模型的开发已在同一个平台运行.在这个平台中,当热处理工艺制定出来后，设计人员可获得相关信息和转让部分信息到其它设计部门。
⑶制定出正确的开发计划并按时调整可以极大缩短开发周期和降低成本。
文献出处：
李雄，张鸿冰，阮雪榆，罗中华,张艳.模具热处理及其导向平行设计［J］. 钢铁研究学报英文版，2006,13（1）：40—43,74
冲压类外文翻译、中英文翻译冲压模具设计
附件1：外文资料翻译译文 冲压模具设计 对于汽车行业与电子行业，各种各样的板料零件都是有各种不同的成型工艺所生产出来的，这些均可以列入一般种类“板料成形”的范畴。板料成形（也称为冲压或压力成形）经常在厂区面积非常大的公司中进行。 如果自己没有去这些大公司访问，没有站在巨大的机器旁，没有感受到地面的震颤，没有看巨大型的机器人的手臂吧零件从一个机器移动到另一个机器，那么厂区的范围与价值真是难以想象的。当然，一盘录像带或一部电视专题片不能反映出汽车冲压流水线的宏大规模。站在这样的流水线旁观看的另一个因素是观看大量的汽车板类零件被进行不同类型的板料成形加工。落料是简单的剪切完成的，然后进行不同类型的加工，诸如：弯曲、拉深、拉延、切断、剪切等，每一种情况均要求特殊的、专门的模具。 而且还有大量后续的加工工艺，在每一种情况下，均可以通过诸如拉深、拉延与弯曲等工艺不同的成形方法得到所希望的得到的形状。根据板料平面的各种各样的受应力状态的小板单元体所可以考虑到的变形情形描述三种成形，原理图1描述的是一个简单的从圆坯料拉深成一个圆柱水杯的成形过程。 图1 板料成形一个简单的水杯
拉深是从凸缘型坯料考虑的，即通过模具上冲头的向下作用使材料被水平拉深。一个凸缘板料上的单元体在半径方向上被限定，而板厚保持几乎不变。板料成形的原理如图2所示。 拉延通常是用来描述在板料平面上的两个互相垂直的方向被拉长的板料的单元体的变形原理的术语。拉延的一种特殊形式，可以在大多数成形加工中遇到，即平面张力拉延。在这种情况下，一个板料的单元体仅在一个方向上进行拉延，在拉长的方向上宽度没有发生变化，但是在厚度上有明确的变化，即变薄。 图2 板料成形原理 弯曲时当板料经过冲模，即冲头半径加工成形时所观察到的变形原理，因此在定向的方向上受到改变，这种变形式一个平面张力拉长与收缩的典型实例。 在一个压力机冲程中用于在一块板料上冲出一个或多个孔的一个完整的冲压模具可以归类即制造商标准化为一个单工序冲孔模具，如图3所示。
模具设计与制造专业外文翻译--冲压成形与板材冲压
模具设计与制造专业外文翻译--冲压成形与板材冲压外文原文 Characteristics and Sheet Metal Forming 1.The article overview Stamping is a kind of plastic forming process in which a part is produced by means of the plastic forming the material under the action of a die. Stamping is usually carried out under cold state, so it is also called stamping. Heat stamping is used only when the blank thickness is greater than 8-100mm. The blank material for stamping is usually in the form of sheet or strip, and therefore it is also called sheet metal forming. Some non-metal sheets (such as plywood, mica sheet, asbestos, leather)can also be formed by stamping. Stamping is widely used in various fields of the metalworking industry, and it plays a crucial role in the industries for manufacturing automobiles, instruments, military parts and household electrical appliances, etc. The process, equipment and die are the three foundational problems that needed to be studied in stamping. The characteristics of the sheet metal forming are as follows: (1) High material utilization (2) Capacity to produce thin-walled parts of complex shape. (3) Good interchangeability between stamping parts due to precision in shape and dimension.
冲压模具成型外文翻译参考文献
冲压模具成型外文翻译参考文献 (文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译) 4 Sheet metal forming and blanking 4.1 Principles of die manufacture 4.1.1 Classification of dies In metalforming,the geometry of the workpiece is established entirely or partially by the geometry of the die.In contrast to machining processes,ignificantly greater forces are necessary in forming.Due to the complexity of the parts,forming is often not carried out in a single operation.Depending on the geometry of the part,production is carried out in several operational steps via one or several production processes such as forming or blanking.One operation can also include several processes simultaneously(cf.Sect.2.1.4). During the design phase,the necessary manufacturing methods as well as the sequence and number of production steps are established in a processing plan(Fig.4.1.1).In this plan,the
冲压模具外文英语文献翻译
外文翻译
Heat Treatment of Die and Mould Oriented Concurrent Design LI Xiong,ZHANG Hong-bing,RUAN Xue-yu,LUO Zhong—hua,ZHANG Yan Abstract： Many disadvantages exist in the traditional die design method which belongs to serial pattern。It is well known that heat treatment is highly important to the dies. A new idea of concurrent design for heat treatment process of die and mould was developed in order to overcome the existent shortcomings of heat treatment process. Heat treatment CAD/CAE was integrated with concurrent circumstance and the relevant model was built. These investigations can remarkably improve efficiency，reduce cost and ensure quality of R and D for products. Key words:die design; heat treatment；mould Traditional die and mould design,mainly by experience or semi—experience，is isolated from manufacturing process。Before the design is finalized，the scheme of die and mould is usually modified time and again，thus some disadvantages come into being，such as long development period,high cost and uncertain practical effect。Due to strong desires for precision,service life,development period and cost，modern die and mould should be designed and manufactured perfectly。Therefore more and more advanced technologies and innovations have been applied,for example，concurrent engineering，agile manufacturing virtual manufacturing，collaborative design,etc. Heat treatment of die and mould is as important as design，manufacture and assembly because it has a vital effect on manufacture，assembly and service life．Design and manufacture of die and mould have progressed rapidly，but heat treatment lagged seriously behind them．As die and mould industry develops，heat treatment must ensure die and mould there are good
【机械类文献翻译】冲压模具的受力分析
英文原文 Stress Analysis of Stamping Dies J. Mater. Shaping Technoi. (1990) 8:17-22 9 1990 Springer-Verlag New York Inc. R . S . R a o Abstract: Experimental and computational procedures for studying deflections, flit, andalignment characteristics of a sequence of stamping dies, housed in a transfer press, are pre-sented. Die loads are actually measured at all the 12 die stations using new load monitors and used as input to the computational procedure. A typical stamping die is analyzed using a computational code, MSC/NASTRAN, based on finite element method. The analysis is then extended to the other dies, especially the ones where the loads are high. Stresses and deflections are evaluated in the dies for the symmetric and asymmetric loading conditions. Based on our independent die analysis, stresses and deflections are found to be reasonably well within the tolerable limits. However, this situation could change when the stamping dies are eventually integrated with the press as a total system which is the ultimate goal of this broad research program. INTRODUCTION Sheet metal parts require a series of operations such as shearing , drawing , stretching , bending , and squeezing. All these operations are carried out at once while the double slide mechanism descends to work on the parts in the die stations, housed in a transfer press [1]. Material is fed to the press as blanks from a stock feeder. In operation the stock is moved from one station to the next by a mechanism synchronized with the motion of the slide. Each die is a separate unit which may be independently adjusted from the main slide. An automotive part stamped from a hot
冲压冲裁模具的发展外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译
毕业设计论文外文翻译
Die history 1 Die position in industrial production Mold is a high-volume products with the shape tool, is the main process of industrial production equipment. With mold components, with high efficiency, good quality, low cost, saving energy and raw materials and a series of advantages, with the mold workpieces possess high accuracy, high complexity, high consistency, high productivity and low consumption , other manufacturing methods can not match. Have already become an important means of industrial production and technological development. The basis of the modern industrial economy. The development of modern industrial and technological level depends largely on the level of industrial development die, so die industry to national economic and social development will play an increasing role. March 1989 the State Council promulgated "on the current industrial policy decision points" in the mold as the machinery industry transformation sequence of the first, production and capital construction of the second sequence (after the large-scale power generation equipment and the corresponding power transmission equipment), establish tooling industry in an important position in the national economy. Since 1997, they have to mold and its processing technology and equipment included in the "current national focus on encouraging the development of industries, products and technologies catalog" and "to encourage foreign investment industry directory." Approved by the State Council, from 1997 to 2000, more than 80 professional mold factory owned 70% VAT refund of preferential policies to support mold industry. All these have fully demonstrated the development of the State Council and state departments tooling industry attention and support. Mold around the world about the current annual output of 60 billion U.S. dollars, Japan, the United States and other industrialized countries die of industrial output value of more than machine tool
【机械类文献翻译】冲压模具柔性设计系统的研究
Research on Flexible Die Designing System Using Pro／E Abstract：Die designing is a demanding and hard work．To design a separate die for each product is time consuming and expensive task．This paper presents an idea of sets of standard reference dies．it gives a concept of flexible die designing using a reference standard die designed in a popular commercial CAD／CAM software—Pro／Engineer．Rather than designing a separate die for each part，just update the die design by selecting the die dimensions as required．The use of this concept will prove to reduce time and cost of product in manufacturing industry． Key words：die；flexible die designing system ；standardization；ProZE；secondary development At present, the industrial developed countries and regions in the mold industry has been gradually standardize and serialization. In China, although the majority die within the enterprises have business standards, but generally not high degree of standardization, standardization of stamping die in the die-limited parts of the parts. To achieve real savings stamping die design time and shorten the processing cycle, cost savings, reduce design and manufacturing staff workload purposes, it needs to develop a flexible stamping die design system. At the same time, stamping die serialization of the scope of standardization and can not be confined to die-part of the fixed panels, boards, the top plate unloading device commonly used components such as stamping or even die structure, we should achieve serialization and standardization. As CAD / CAM technology in the design and manufacture die in the course of extensive application, it should first be standardized stamping die from the CAD system began. Some large-scale commercialization of the CAD / CAM software, such as Pro / E, UG, and so on. Have developed a specialized injection mold design package. And stamping die design for the special software, users need to be developed. l The application tools Pro / E in stamping die design flexibility in the system development Pro / Engineer by the United States has developed a set of PTC CAD / cAM / CAE software. Pro / E using a single database And feature-based, the design parameters of the model, provides users with 1 The development is very convenient for stamping die flexible system of tools juice 1.1 Family Table Fanaily Fable known as the Family Table, the structure used to create the same or similar parts of the size and characteristics of the standardized database tables, is devoted to the establishment of a standard parts library tool. The use of the former
冲压模具外文翻译---影响冲压模具寿命的因素分析
附录 The study of Influence factors on dies' life Because the ramming processing has the productivity to be high, the material use factor is high, the pressing part precision high, the complex degree is high and interchangeability good and so on characteristics, therefore, in the industrial production, applies especially in the production in enormous quantities very widely. But the ramming mold in the cold stamping processing is also essential. The ramming mold general structure is complex, the accuracy requirement is high, the production cost is also high. In the ramming process, the ramming mold as a result of long-term reasons and so on attrition, distortion, break has the expiration, thus causes the enterprise production cost to stay at a high level. Therefore, the exploration enhances the ramming mold's service life efficient path to have the important meaning regarding the enterprise development。 1 The influence ramming die life's primary factor to enhance the ramming die life, must to the mold which expires carry on the analysis, understands and grasps the expiration reason and the influence die life primary factor. Through the research discovery, affects the ramming die life the primary factor to have the following several aspects: 1.1Mold material (1) mold material smelting if the quality of die steel contains more objects or too much carbon steel, will seriously reduce the impact toughness of steel, anti-fatigue and fracture resistance, causing an early fracture die , blocks and cracking, etc. collapse. (2) mold material in the heat die machining process must be carried out in the quenching and tempering heat treatment and so on. The level of heating temperature, the length, the size of the cooling rate, the protection measures, such as the choice of process parameters will affect the die life. (3) the performance of the workpiece material hardness of various materials, strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, plastic deformation resistance, fracture resistance, fatigue resistance and other properties of hot and cold are different, different properties of the process of stamping the workpiece material the impact of the press are different, such as the
集成的 CAPP 、CAM 系统用于冲压模加工外文文献翻译、中英文翻译
外文出处：Computer-Aided Design 35(2003)203-213
2.1.模式建模 由于铸造工艺无法产生冲压模具所需的确切尺寸或表面质量，因此在功能面上（例如用于装配的配合面和金属成型所涉及的模具面）需要一些额外的填充物。多余的毛坯将在图 2 的CNC 加工活动中稍后去除。那些上面带有多余材料的端面称为待加工端面，其他端面称为铸件端面。第一步是通过在模具模型的待加工面上增加额外的库存余量来创建图案模型。库存余量取决于铸造工艺的精度，通常为10 毫米左右。因此，与模具加工相比，图案加工可利用具有相当大的公差的优势。待加工面由模具设计师标记。 2.2.模型切片 第二步是将模式模型分成几个切片，可以分别加工然后再组装。切片的原因和标准如下（（a）-(c) 是驱动原因，（d）-（f）是次要标准）。 (a) 使三轴机床可以访问隐藏的功能； (b) 适应可用工具长度，机床工作台尺寸和聚苯乙 烯泡沫塑料生料块尺寸的限制； (c) 避免削减过多的音量； (d) 减少切片数量并减少加工时间； (e) 避免切得太薄； (f) 加快组装速度 图 4 显示了从上面列出的原因得出的切片模型的一些示例。由于上述标准经常彼此冲突，因此在确定切片的数量和位置时需要折衷。如图4 所示，拉丝模具的主要组成部分通常分为2-4 个切片。 2.3.工艺规划 在不使用通用CAM 系统的情况下如果使用自动过程计划功能，则过程计划步骤将以手动方式完成，并且以刀具路径生成命令序列以及辅助几何图形的形式实现，以指导和限制刀具路径。在工艺计划步骤中应考虑以下保丽龙图案加工的特征。 (a)由于需要切割大量的软质材料，因此需要很高的进给速率和较大的切割深度以减少加工 时间。机加工人员可以用砂纸轻松去除机加工后残留的大尖牙。 (b)切屑的去除和冷却对于加工低熔点聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料图案非常重要温度。液态冷却剂不 适用于聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料加工。空气吸入连接到空心主轴和在侧面上带有孔的空心 刀具，可提供良好的切屑清除和冷却效果。从过程计划的角度来看，进近运动的选
外文翻译原文-国内外轿车覆盖件冲压模具设计概况
Domestic and foreign car coverage Die Design Overview A.S. Pouzada, E.C. Ferreira and A.J. Pontes Abstract : In introducing the current domestic car stamping die design and manufacture of the foundation, expounded foreign auto company cars panel particular panel of the stamping process and die design status application of new technologies . Key words : mechanical manufacturing; Car panel; Stamping technology; Mold Design 1 Introduction In recent years, China's car market has developed very rapidly in 2002 in car sales more than one million on the basis of in 2003 to 2 million people relations forward, reaching 1.97 million. However, in the car heat rapidly warming, had to face the embarrassment of this reality-market best-selling vehicle for the majority of people must be directly imported from abroad. As domestic car cover mold design and manufacturing capability on the whole is relatively weak, in order to produce these models, each company had to spend hundreds of millions or hundreds of billion of overseas procurement die. People with foreign automobile companies, because the relatively small scale of production, This has resulted in motorcycle smoothing wood into the mold much higher than foreign cars, This is also produced cars along with high wood manufacturing into one of the main reasons. 2 Domestic car coverage Die development capability Major car manufacturers to Die : Die Manufacturing Co. Ltd. of FAW, Dongfeng Motor Die Works, Tianjin Automobile Die Company, CAC Integration Technology Co., Ltd Nanjing mold equipment, Shanghai Auto Body 1000 margin Die Company. Most people as a domestic car production and sales of commercial-vehicle population of Shanghai Limited, also has its own mold design and manufacturing departments ((TMM Division). Currently, Although domestic Die in Car cover the mold design and manufacturing has a small capacity, auto plants can undertake some development projects die, but for a very high surface accuracy and surface quality requirements of the outside panel. It is especially the high-grade cars outside panel, auto plants rarely die by the will of such domestic development.
【毕业设计】冲压模具毕业设计外文翻译
【关键字】毕业设计 冲压模具毕业设计外文翻译 篇一：模具外文文献及翻译 The mold designing and manufacturing The mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation, in our country, the mold manufacture belongs to the special purpose equipment manufacturing industry. China although very already starts to make the mold and the use mold, but long-term has not formed the industry. Straight stabs 0 centuries 80's later periods, the Chinese mold industry only then drives into the development speedway. Recent years, not only the state-owned mold enterprise had the very big development, the three investments enterprise, the villages and towns (individual) the mold enterprise's development also rapid quietly. Although the Chinese mold industrial development rapid, but compares with the demand, obviously falls short of demand, its main gap concentrates precisely to, large-scale, is complex, the long life mold domain. As a result of in aspect and so on mold precision, life, manufacture cycle and productivity, China and the international average horizontal and the developed country still had a bigger disparity, therefore, needed massively to import the mold every year . The Chinese mold industry must continue to sharpen the productivity, from now on will have emphatically to the profession internal structure adjustment and the state-of-art enhancement. The structure adjustment aspect, mainly is the enterprise structure to the specialized adjustment, the product structure to center the upscale mold development, to the import and export structure improvement, center the upscale automobile cover mold forming analysis and the structure improvement, the multi-purpose compound mold and the compound processing and the laser technology in the mold design manufacture application, the high-speed cutting, the super finishing and polished the technology, the information direction develops . The recent years, the mold profession structure adjustment and the organizational reform step enlarges, mainly displayed in, large-scale, precise, was complex, the long life, center the upscale mold and the mold standard letter development speed is higher than the common mold product; The plastic mold and the compression casting mold proportion increases; Specialized mold factory quantity and its productivity increase; "The three investments" and the private enterprise develops rapidly; The joint stock system transformation step speeds up and so on. Distributes from the area looked, take Zhejiang Delta and Yangtze River delta as central southeast coastal area development quickly to mid-west area, south development quickly to north. At present develops quickest, the mold produces the most centralized province is